CN108117772B - 一种对dna损伤具有保护作用的大蒜色素提取物 - Google Patents
一种对dna损伤具有保护作用的大蒜色素提取物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种对DNA损伤具有保护作用的大蒜色素提取物。该大蒜色素提取物的制备方法包括如下步骤:将新鲜大蒜粉碎成蒜泥,向蒜泥中加入乙酸水溶液至其变为绿色;采用乙醇水溶液Ⅰ提取蒜泥,得滤液Ⅰ经浓缩得到色素粗提物Ⅰ;采用乙酸乙酯提取色素粗提物Ⅰ,得滤液Ⅱ经浓缩得到色素粗提物Ⅱ;采用大孔树脂分离色素粗提物Ⅱ,采用乙醇水溶液Ⅱ进行洗脱,收集波长为440和590nm处存在紫外吸收的洗脱液,经浓缩干燥得色素粗提物Ⅲ;采用超滤膜超滤处理色素粗提物Ⅲ即得。本发明大蒜色素提取物的制备方法,简便、快捷;本发明首次提出大蒜色素提取物对羟自由基和过氧亚硝酸根离子诱导的DNA损伤的保护作用,为其进一步在保健食品及药品中的应用提供功能效果的支撑。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种对DNA损伤具有保护作用的大蒜色素提取物,属于天然产物提取加工领域。
背景技术
DNA是细胞组织中最为重要的物质之一,是生物遗传信息的载体,参与调控遗传信息的表达。而人体细胞中氧化应激反应所积累的活性氧(含氧的,具有化学活性的分子,是强氧化剂。因为核外的未配对电子的存在,具有很强的化学反应活性),如羟自由基等,可以攻击DNA,从而破坏DNA的结构,致使DNA位点突变、DNA链裂解等不良反应,导致基因癌变以及其它机体损伤等。另过氧亚硝酸根离子(ONOO-)也能引起DNA的碱基的修饰、突变,从而导致引起的DNA链的断裂,造成机体产生各种疾病、癌症。此外,外界环境的紫外、辐射等都会对DNA造成一定损伤,引起发育异常。临床上则利用此性质,以DNA为靶点目标,使用抗癌药物与DNA癌细胞作用,破坏癌细胞DNA结构,从而达到抗癌的效果,或者利用天然小分子物质对DNA进行保护作用。王喆之等研究表明芦丁、槲皮素等黄酮类化合物对质粒DNA具有保护作用,绞股蓝多糖物质对过氧化氢光解反应诱导质粒DNA损伤具有保护作用;孙智达、张超等研究表明荔枝皮原花青素、矢车菊素及矢车菊-3-O-葡萄糖苷等花色苷类物质能够减弱羟自由基诱导的DNA损伤;此外,高活性抑制剂Ebselen、适量浓度的抗坏血酸可以抑制ONOO-引起的DNA的损伤。
大蒜色素是腌制中国传统食品腊八蒜时产生的天然的色素。研究表明色素粗提物具有多种功能性、如抗氧化、清除自由基的作用;含色素的大蒜具有抗肿瘤等作用。然而,其对DNA的保护作用未有报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种大蒜色素提取物,并提供了其一种简便、快捷的制备方法;所提供的大蒜色素提取物具有保护活性氧(如羟自由基)或氧亚硝酸根离子诱导的DNA损伤的作用。
本发明所提供的大蒜色素提取物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将新鲜大蒜粉碎成蒜泥,向所述蒜泥中加入乙酸水溶液至其变为绿色;
(2)采用乙醇水溶液Ⅰ提取所述蒜泥,所得滤液Ⅰ经浓缩得到色素粗提物Ⅰ;
所述乙醇水溶液Ⅰ的pH值为2.5~4.0;
(3)采用乙酸乙酯提取所述色素粗提物Ⅰ,所得滤液Ⅱ经浓缩得到色素粗提物Ⅱ;
(4)采用大孔树脂分离所述色素粗提物Ⅱ,采用乙醇水溶液Ⅱ进行洗脱,收集在波长为440nm和590nm处存在紫外吸收的洗脱液,经浓缩、干燥即得;
所述乙醇水溶液Ⅱ的pH值为2.5~4.0。
上述的制备方法中,步骤(1)中,所述新鲜大蒜在0~4℃贮藏1~2个月打破休眠;
打破休眠后进行剥皮、洗净然后进行所述粉碎步骤;
所述乙酸水溶液中乙酸的体积百分含量可为4.5~5.5%。
上述的制备方法中,步骤(1)中,置于室温下3~8天即可变为绿色。
上述的制备方法中,步骤(2)中,采用有机酸如甲酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸或磷酸等或其混合物调pH值;
所述乙醇水溶液Ⅰ中乙醇的体积百分含量可为75~85%;
所述蒜泥与所述乙醇水溶液Ⅰ的比例可为:1g:1~8mL;
所述提取的次数可为2~4次,每次所述提取的时间可为10~15h;
每次所述提取的滤液合并。
上述的制备方法中,步骤(3)中,所述色素粗提物Ⅰ与所述乙酸乙酯的体积比为1:1~3;
采用所述乙酸乙酯可提取3次;
经过所述乙酸乙酯的提取去除色素中残存的大蒜素等脂溶性杂质。
上述的制备方法中,步骤(4)中,通过所述分离步骤,以去除粗提物中存在的糖、氨基酸、蛋白质等成分。
所述大孔树脂分离的条件如下:
所述色素粗提物Ⅱ按照比例1g:0.5~4mL溶于水后上样,可采用双蒸水;
首先采用pH值为2.5~4.0的水溶液Ⅰ进行冲洗,然后采用pH值为2.5~4.0的乙醇水溶液Ⅲ进行洗脱;
采用有机酸如甲酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸或磷酸等或其混合物调节所述水溶液Ⅰ和所述乙醇水溶液Ⅲ的pH值;
所述水溶液Ⅰ的流速可为3~8mL/min,所述乙醇水溶液Ⅲ的流速可为3~10mL/min;
由于大蒜色素等吸附到所述大孔树脂上,而糖、氨基酸、蛋白质等与所述大孔树脂不亲和,被所述水溶液Ⅰ冲洗除去(2~4个柱体积);而后采用所述乙醇水溶液Ⅲ洗脱色素组分,收集590nm及440nm洗脱液,35℃下旋转蒸发浓缩,冷冻干燥成绿色粉末,即为所述大蒜色素提取物。
所述大孔树脂可为XAD-7大孔树脂、AB-8大孔树脂或YWD-01大孔树脂。
上述的制备方法中,步骤(4)之后,所述方法还包括采用超滤膜超滤处理所述大蒜色素提取物的步骤;
所述超滤膜的截留分子量为3000~5000道尔顿;
所述超滤之前,将所述大蒜色素提取物溶于pH值为2.5~4.0的水溶液Ⅱ中;
所述大蒜色素提取物与所述水溶液Ⅱ的比例可为1g:6~15mL;
所述水溶液Ⅱ的pH值可采用有机酸如甲酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸或磷酸等或其混合物调节;
所述超滤膜可为中空纤维膜、醋酸纤维素膜、聚砜酰胺膜或聚醚砜膜等常规超滤膜;
采用所述超滤膜去除分子量大于3000~5000道尔顿的其它杂质;
进行所述超滤时,可将物料加到能连续洗滤的超滤装置的料液瓶中;
所述超滤的条件如下:
透膜压力可为3~5bar,流速可为20~35mL/min。
本发明上述方法制备的大蒜色素提取物也属于本发明的保护范围。
本发明大蒜色素提取物在0~300mg/mL浓度范围内对DNA未有毒性作用,对羟自由基等活性氧诱导的DNA损伤具有保护作用。经本发明实验验证,在0.5~300mg/mL范围内对紫外光(0.3~1KJ/m2能量)诱导0.01~0.3moL/L过氧化氢生成的羟自由基造成的小牛胸腺DNA的降解具有保护作用,保护效果在浓度0.5~10mg/mL范围内随浓度增加而增加,10~300mg/mL范围内随着浓度的增加,保护效果没有明显变化。
本发明大蒜色素提取物对过氧亚硝酸根离子(ONOO-)诱导的DNA损伤具有保护作用。经本发明实验验证,在10~300mg/mL范围内对1mM至10mM浓度的ONOO-造成的DNA降解具有保护作用。
本发明提供的大蒜色素提取物的制备方法,简便、快捷;本发明首次提出了大蒜色素提取物对羟自由基和过氧亚硝酸根离子诱导的DNA损伤的保护作用,可为其进一步在保健食品及药品中的应用提供功能效果的支撑。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1制备的大蒜色素提取物实物图(左图)和紫外光谱图(右图)。
图2为本发明实施例1制备的大蒜色素提取物对羟自由基诱导的DNA损伤的保护能力;其中,泳道1:DNA空白对照;泳道2:DNA+·OH;泳道3~9:DNA+·OH+大蒜色素提取物(0.5、1、2、10、100、200、300mg/mL)。
图3为本发明实施例1制备的大蒜色素提取物对ONOO-诱导的DNA损伤的保护能力;其中,泳道1:DNA空白对照;泳道2:DNA+ONOO-;泳道3~6:DNA+ONOO-+大蒜色素提取物(1、10、20、300mg/mL)。
具体实施方式
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1、大蒜色素提取物的制备
将1kg新鲜大蒜4℃贮藏1个月,打破休眠,剥皮,洗净。粉碎置于烧杯中,加入5%乙酸水溶液(v:v),室温4天蒜泥变为绿色。
采用pH=3(乙酸调pH)的80%乙醇水溶液(v:v)于常温提取3次,每次12h。原料质量与提取液体积的料液比为1:3(g:mL),每次提取物料过滤得滤液合并,35℃旋转蒸发进行浓缩,得到色素粗提物。
将该粗提物按体积比1:1的比例与乙酸乙酯混合,萃取3次,去除色素中残存的大蒜素等脂溶性杂质,合并乙醇萃取液,35℃旋转蒸发浓缩。
将上述色素粗提物按重量体积比g/mL为1:2的比例溶于双蒸水,上大孔树脂XAD-7进行纯化。4mL/min流速的pH=3的水(甲酸调pH值)冲洗4个柱体积,而后用4mL/min流速的pH=3的乙醇水溶液(甲酸调pH值)洗脱色素组分,收集波长为440nm和590nm处存在紫外吸收的洗脱液,35℃下旋转蒸发浓缩,冷冻干燥成绿色粉末。
按照1:10的重量体积比(g:mL)将大蒜色素粗提物(绿色粉末)溶于pH=3(乙酸调pH)的双蒸水,使用截留分子量为5000道尔顿的超滤膜(聚醚砜)进行超滤,去除分子量大于5000道尔顿的其它杂质,控制透膜压力4bar,流速控制25mL/min,对滤液冷冻干燥,得到大蒜色素提取物。
本实施例得到的大蒜色素提取物的实物图(左图)和其紫外光谱图(右图)如图1所示,可以看出,所得的提取物在440nm和590nm处均有吸收峰,是典型的大蒜色素的吸收峰波长。
实施例2、大蒜色素提取物保护羟自由基诱导的DNA降解实验
取小牛胸腺DNA溶于双蒸水配制成0.15mg/mL的溶液,置于4℃冰箱过夜。大蒜色素用双蒸水分别配制成0.5、1、2、10、100、200和300mg/mL的溶液,30%过氧化氢稀释至终浓度为0.015%,于4℃冰箱避光保存。将5×TBE缓冲液用双蒸水稀释10倍后待用。
1%琼脂糖凝胶的制备:称取0.4g琼脂糖溶解于40mL的电泳缓冲液中,置微波炉或沸水浴中加热至完全溶化,取出摇匀,向冷却至50~60℃的琼脂糖溶液中加入0.4μL的核酸染色剂,摇匀。倒入胶槽中,插上样品梳子,待胶完全凝固后拔出梳子。
将0.015%H2O2和小牛胸腺DNA溶液混合后,在室温下加入不同浓度的大蒜色素(0、0.5、1、2、10、100、200、300mg/mL),经0.52KJ/m2紫外照射4min后加入上样缓冲液(样品溶液与上样缓冲液的比例为5:1),混匀后取5μL溶液加入1%的凝胶加样孔中,在装有TBE缓冲液的平板凝胶电泳装置中于120V电泳40min。电泳结束后将凝胶放置于凝胶成像系统上成像。
选择0.015%H2O2经紫外光照射产生的羟自由基为损伤因素,诱导小牛胸腺DNA发生氧化损伤,观察不同浓度的大蒜色素对于羟自由基诱导小牛胸腺DNA损伤的保护作用。
结果如图2所示,可以看出,与未受损伤的小牛胸腺DNA条带(1泳道)相比,受到羟自由基损伤的条带(2泳道)明显变暗,原因是由紫外线辐照诱导过氧化氢产生了羟自由基,羟自由基破坏了DNA结构,使其降解,因此DNA的谱带变暗。加入浓度为0.5、1、2、10、100、200、300mg/mL的大蒜色素(3~9泳道)有效保护DNA因受到羟基损伤引起的降解,并表现为在浓度0.5~10mg/mL范围内,随色素浓度升高,DNA条带依次变亮,在浓度为10、100、200、300mg/mL范围内随着浓度的增加,DNA条带亮度没有明显差别。表明本发明大蒜色素提取物具有保护DNA免受羟自由基损伤的作用。
实施例3、大蒜色素提取物保护过氧亚硝酸根离子(ONOO-)诱导的DNA损伤实验
大蒜色素用双蒸水分别配制成1、10、20和300mg/mL的溶液。
过氧亚硝酸根离子的制备:4℃时0.6M HCl+0.7M H2O2与0.6M NaNO2溶液各10mL经Y型玻璃管上口流入,0℃的1.5M NaOH 20mL由底部流入,以淬灭前两种溶液的反应,保持三者流量与流速的一致。反应完毕迅速在反应液中加入少量的MnO2振荡10min以清除残存的微量H2O2,真空抽滤,黄色液体即是ONOO-,置于-20℃过夜并保存。
1%琼脂糖凝胶的制备:称取0.4g琼脂糖溶解于40mL的电泳缓冲液中,置微波炉或沸水浴中加热至完全溶化,取出摇匀,向冷却至50~60℃的琼脂糖溶液中加入0.4μL的核酸染色剂,摇匀。倒入胶槽中,插上样品梳子,待胶完全凝固后拔出梳子
室温下,在含有125ngDNA、0.1mM DTPA和4mM ONOO-的磷酸盐(100mM,pH=7.4)缓冲液中,分别加入不同浓度的大蒜色素提取物,反应液总体积为10μL。反应液在37℃下反应10min后,每份样品加入2μL上样缓冲液,点入制备好的1%的琼脂糖凝胶中,在0.5×TBE的缓冲液中以120V电压电泳40min,电泳完毕,把胶置于紫外透射仪上观察并照相。
选择4mM ONOO-为损伤因素,诱导DNA损伤,观察不同浓度的大蒜色素对于DNA的保护作用。
结果如图3所示,与未受损伤的DNA条带(1泳道)相比,加入ONOO-后受到明显损伤(2泳道),原因是ONOO-破坏了DNA结构,使其降解,因此DNA的谱带变暗。加入浓度为1、10、20、300mg/mL的大蒜色素(3~6泳道)后,低剂量1mg/mL的未见保护效果,10mg/mL以上浓度DNA条带变亮,有效的保护DNA因受到ONOO-损伤引起的降解,色素具有保护DNA作用。
Claims (6)
1.大蒜色素提取物对活性氧或过氧亚硝酸根离子诱导的DNA损伤的保护作用;
所述大蒜色素提取物按照包括如下步骤的方法制备:
(1)将新鲜大蒜粉碎成蒜泥,向所述蒜泥中加入乙酸水溶液至其变为绿色;
所述新鲜大蒜在0~4℃贮藏1~2个月打破休眠;
所述乙酸水溶液中乙酸的体积百分含量为4.5~5.5%;
(2)采用乙醇水溶液Ⅰ提取所述蒜泥,所得滤液Ⅰ经浓缩得到色素粗提物Ⅰ;
所述乙醇水溶液Ⅰ的pH值为2.5~4.0;
所述乙醇水溶液Ⅰ中乙醇的体积百分含量为75~85%;
所述蒜泥与所述乙醇水溶液Ⅰ的比例为:1g:1~8mL;
(3)采用乙酸乙酯提取所述色素粗提物Ⅰ,所得滤液Ⅱ经浓缩得到色素粗提物Ⅱ;所述色素粗提物Ⅰ与所述乙酸乙酯的体积比为1:1~3;
(4)采用大孔树脂分离所述色素粗提物Ⅱ,采用乙醇水溶液Ⅱ进行洗脱,收集在波长为440nm和590nm处存在紫外吸收的洗脱液,经浓缩、干燥即得;
所述乙醇水溶液Ⅱ的pH值为2.5~4.0;
所述大孔树脂分离的条件如下:
所述色素粗提物Ⅱ按照比例1g:0.5~4mL溶于水后上样;
首先采用pH值为2.5~4.0的水溶液Ⅰ进行冲洗,然后采用pH值为2.5~4.0的乙醇水溶液Ⅲ进行洗脱;
所述大孔树脂为XAD-7大孔树脂、AB-8大孔树脂或YWD-01大孔树脂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的保护作用,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,采用甲酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、磷酸或其混合物调节所述乙醇水溶液Ⅰ的pH值;
所述提取的次数为2~4次。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的保护作用,其特征在于:步骤(4)之后,所述方法还包括采用超滤膜超滤处理所述大蒜色素提取物的步骤;
所述超滤膜的截留分子量为3000~5000道尔顿;
所述超滤之前,将所述大蒜色素提取物溶于pH值为2.5~4.0的水溶液Ⅱ中;
所述大蒜色素提取物与所述水溶液Ⅱ的比例为1g:6~15mL;
所述超滤的条件如下:
透膜压力为3~5bar,流速为20~35mL/min 。
4.大蒜色素提取物在制备对活性氧或过氧亚硝酸根离子诱导的DNA损伤具有保护作用的产品中的应用;
所述大蒜色素提取物按照包括如下步骤的方法制备:
(1)将新鲜大蒜粉碎成蒜泥,向所述蒜泥中加入乙酸水溶液至其变为绿色;
所述新鲜大蒜在0~4℃贮藏1~2个月打破休眠;
所述乙酸水溶液中乙酸的体积百分含量为4.5~5.5%;
(2)采用乙醇水溶液Ⅰ提取所述蒜泥,所得滤液Ⅰ经浓缩得到色素粗提物Ⅰ;
所述乙醇水溶液Ⅰ的pH值为2.5~4.0;
所述乙醇水溶液Ⅰ中乙醇的体积百分含量为75~85%;
所述蒜泥与所述乙醇水溶液Ⅰ的比例为:1g:1~8mL;
(3)采用乙酸乙酯提取所述色素粗提物Ⅰ,所得滤液Ⅱ经浓缩得到色素粗提物Ⅱ;所述色素粗提物Ⅰ与所述乙酸乙酯的体积比为1:1~3;
(4)采用大孔树脂分离所述色素粗提物Ⅱ,采用乙醇水溶液Ⅱ进行洗脱,收集在波长为440nm和590nm处存在紫外吸收的洗脱液,经浓缩、干燥即得;
所述乙醇水溶液Ⅱ的pH值为2.5~4.0;
所述大孔树脂分离的条件如下:
所述色素粗提物Ⅱ按照比例1g:0.5~4mL溶于水后上样;
首先采用pH值为2.5~4.0的水溶液Ⅰ进行冲洗,然后采用pH值为2.5~4.0的乙醇水溶液Ⅲ进行洗脱;
所述大孔树脂为XAD-7大孔树脂、AB-8大孔树脂或YWD-01大孔树脂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,采用甲酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、磷酸或其混合物调节所述乙醇水溶液Ⅰ的pH值;
所述提取的次数为2~4次。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的应用,其特征在于:步骤(4)之后,所述方法还包括采用超滤膜超滤处理所述大蒜色素提取物的步骤;
所述超滤膜的截留分子量为3000~5000道尔顿;
所述超滤之前,将所述大蒜色素提取物溶于pH值为2.5~4.0的水溶液Ⅱ中;
所述大蒜色素提取物与所述水溶液Ⅱ的比例为1g:6~15mL;
所述超滤的条件如下:
透膜压力为3~5bar,流速为20~35mL/min。
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