CN108112536B - 一种提高牛肉品质的养殖肉牛的方法 - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K—FODDER
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A23K10/38—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material from distillers' or brewers' waste
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种提高牛肉品质的养殖肉牛的方法,属于肉牛养殖技术领域。采用牧饲结合的方式进行喂养,在后期育肥阶段,分阶段进行舍饲喂养。所述牧饲结合是指放牧饲养与棚舍饲喂相结合,放牧期一般为5‑l0月,舍饲期从11月到次年4月。所述放牧期每天保证7‑9h的采草时间,配以少量饲料;所述舍饲期主要采用青绿饲料、粗饲料和精饲料进行配合饲喂。本发明提供的饲料中还含有中草药组分,能够增强肉牛机体免疫力,促进肉牛生长、增重和防治疾病,提供一种健康、安全、绿色的高品质牛肉。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于肉牛养殖技术领域,具体地说是涉及一种提高牛肉品质的养殖肉牛的方法。
背景技术
牛肉营养丰富,含高蛋白低脂肪,其肉质鲜美细嫩而不肥腻,易消化;氨基酸组成比猪肉更接近人体需要,能提高机体抗病能力,对术后调养及生长发育的人在补充营养方面特别适宜。中医认为:牛肉有补中益气、滋养脾胃、强健筋骨、化痰息风、止渴止涎的功效,为寒冬补益佳品。牛是草食动物,因其安全卫生指标相对较高,近乎于天然绿色食品,营养价值高于猪肉及其它肉类产品,而被注重营养保健的现代家庭生活所重视。
牛肉是世界第三消耗肉品,约占肉制品市场的25%。中国已进入全面建设小康社会,随着生活水平的提高,人们越加注重膳食质量和结构的改善,对牛肉特别是优质牛肉需求与日俱增。我国牛肉消费需求呈稳步增长的态势,优质牛肉一直供不应求。规模化、集约化养殖已成为一种趋势。
而现有养殖技术中,集中养殖容易互相传染疾病。很多养殖人员为了追求经济效益,在饲料中添加抗生素、激素类添加剂以提高肉牛抗病率和育肥速度,从而降低了牛肉品质。
因此,我们需要提供一种绿色、安全的肉牛养殖方法,来提高牛肉品质。
中草药的毒副作用小,无耐药性,不会在肉类、奶制品等畜产品中产生有害残留。中草药组分的加入,能够增强肉牛机体免疫力,促进肉牛生长、增重和防治疾病,以提供一种健康、安全、绿色的高品质牛肉。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提供了一种提高牛肉品质的养殖肉牛的方法。本发明的养殖方法所提供的饲料含有中草药组分。其具有绿色、安全、营养,提高牛肉品质的特点。
为达到上述目的,本发明所采取的技术方案为:
一种提高牛肉品质的养殖肉牛的方法,采用牧饲结合的方式进行喂养,在后期育肥阶段,分阶段进行舍饲喂养;所述牧饲结合是指放牧饲养与棚舍饲喂相结合,放牧期一般为5-l0月,舍饲期从11月到次年4月;所述放牧期每天保证7-9h的采草时间,配以少量饲料;所述舍饲期主要采用青绿饲料、粗饲料和精饲料进行配合饲喂。
优选地,在本发明的较佳实施例中,所述粗饲料主要为酒糟,所述酒糟为高粱、玉米、糯米、大米、小麦混合发酵后的下脚料。
优选地,在本发明的较佳实施例中,所述精饲料按重量份数计,主要由以下原料组成:红薯藤20-40份、玉米30-50份、豆饼10-20份、菜籽粕20-35份、牡蛎粉6-10份、骨粉4-8份、食盐0.3-0.5份、维生素添加剂3-5份、小苏打0.35-0.65份、微量元素0.5-1份、瘤胃素0.003-0.006份。
优选地,在本发明的较佳实施例中,所述精饲料中还添加有中草药组分,所述中草药组分占肉牛基础日粮的0.35-0.5%。
优选地,在本发明的较佳实施例中,所述中草药组分包含如下重量份数的中草药原料:葛根3-7份、淫羊藿5-10份、黄芪2-8份、旋花根6-8份、尖药花3-7份、冬青叶3-7份、刺榆叶4-7份、淮山药2-6份。
优选地,在本发明的较佳实施例中,所述青绿饲料为黑麦草、草木樨、苜蓿、甜象草、无芒雀麦和紫云英中的任意几种。
一种提高牛肉品质的养殖肉牛的方法,所述精饲料的制备包括以下步骤:
(1)按重量份数称取所述中草药原料,分别晾干、切片、经低温粉碎至40-60目的粗粉,混合均匀,得中草药组分;
(2)将所述红薯藤、玉米、豆饼、菜籽粕加入粉碎机中,过60-120目筛,得混合料;
(3)向所述混合料中加入所述牡蛎粉、骨粉、食盐、维生素添加剂、小苏打、微量元素、瘤胃素和所述中草药组分,加入搅拌机中,加入50-80份水,以400-600r/min进行搅拌30-45min;
(4)混合均匀后造粒机进行造粒并烘干,得所述精饲料。
优选地,在本发明的较佳实施例中,所述精饲料的粒径为15-25mm,含水率为4.2-6.5%。
一种提高牛肉品质的养殖肉牛的方法:
(1)将育肥阶段定为90-120天,平均分为三个时期,采用舍饲喂养;
(2)第一期:采用如下重量百分比的饲料配合饲喂:青绿饲料15-25%、粗饲料45-65%、精饲料20-35%;第二期:采用如下重量百分比的饲料配合饲喂:青绿饲料10-20%、粗饲料25-35%、精饲料45-55%;第三期:采用如下重量百分比的饲料配合饲喂:青绿饲料5-15%、粗饲料10-20%、精饲料70-80%;
(3)饲喂时间为每天早上6点、中午12点、下午6点各饲喂1次;夜间零点再加喂1次草料,上、下午各饮水一次,先喂后饮。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)牧饲结合,加强了肉牛在成长过程中的运动量,后期育肥阶段进行饲舍喂养,不增加能量消耗,提高了育肥效率的同时,保证了牛肉的品质、口感。
(2)育肥分为三个时期,结合不同生长时期对不同营养成分的需求,配以不同比例的青绿饲料、粗饲料、精饲料;使脂肪能够快速囤积,增加了净肉率和胴体重,改善了肉质。
(3)夜间加喂一次,一是肉牛肠胃中有了食物,体内增加了能量;二是夜间安静,牛吃草料后有利于休息、反刍、消化和吸收;三是采用这一方法饲养的肉牛得病少、精神好,生长发育快,出栏时间缩短,牛肉品质高。
(4)不使用抗生素、激素类添加剂,而采用中草药组分,既能够调理肉牛的肝肾功能,还能够增强肉牛机体免疫力,促进肉牛生长、增重,产出的牛肉肉质鲜美、口感好,提供了一种健康、安全、绿色的高品质牛肉,提高了牛肉的食用价值。
(5)本发明所提供的各中草药原料的药理如下:
葛根:味甘微辛、性凉,有发表解肌,升阳透疹,解热生津之功效;葛粉能调节机体机能,增强体质,提高机体抗病能力。
淫羊藿:味辛、甘,性温,体轻气雄,可升可降;能益精气,具有补肾壮阳、祛风除湿、强健筋骨的功效。
黄芪:味甘、性微温,黄芪能补中益气,而且补而不腻;可改善气虚和贫血,增强体质。
旋花根:味甘、微苦,性温,具有益气补虚,解毒,杀虫的作用。
尖药花:味甘,性平,具有益气补虚,活血消肿,解毒的作用。
冬青叶:含两种抑菌成分,其中之一是原儿茶酸,另含挥发油、黄酮类;具有广谱抗菌作用。
刺榆叶:味淡,性微寒,利水消肿,清热解毒。
淮山药:性平、味甘,补脾,养肺,固肾,益精。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明所述技术方案作进一步的说明。
实施例1:
一种提高牛肉品质的养殖肉牛的方法,采用牧饲结合的方式进行喂养,在后期育肥阶段,分阶段进行舍饲喂养;牧饲结合是指放牧饲养与棚舍饲喂相结合,放牧期一般为5-l0月,舍饲期从11月到次年4月;放牧期每天保证7-9h的采草时间,配以少量饲料;舍饲期主要采用青绿饲料、粗饲料和精饲料进行配合饲喂。
精饲料按重量份数计,主要由以下原料组成:红薯藤20份、玉米30份、豆饼10份、菜籽粕20份、牡蛎粉6份、骨粉4份、食盐0.3份、维生素添加剂3份、小苏打0.35份、微量元素0.5份、瘤胃素0.003份。
精饲料中还添加有中草药组分,中草药组分占肉牛基础日粮的0.35%。
中草药组分包含如下重量份数的中草药原料:葛根3份、淫羊藿5份、黄芪2份、旋花根6份、尖药花3份、冬青叶3份、刺榆叶4份、淮山药2份。
一种提高牛肉品质的养殖肉牛的方法,其中精饲料的制备包括以下步骤:
(1)按重量份数称取中草药原料,分别晾干、切片、经低温粉碎至40目的粗粉,混合均匀,得中草药组分;
(2)将红薯藤、玉米、豆饼、菜籽粕加入粉碎机中,过60目筛,得混合料;
(3)向混合料中加入牡蛎粉、骨粉、食盐、维生素添加剂、小苏打、微量元素、瘤胃素和中草药组分,加入搅拌机中,加入50份水,以400r/min进行搅拌30min;
(4)混合均匀后造粒机进行造粒并烘干,得粒径为15mm,含水率为4.2%的精饲料。
本实施例还提供了一种提高牛肉品质的养殖肉牛的方法:
(1)将育肥阶段定为120天,平均分为三个时期,采用舍饲喂养;
(2)第一期:采用如下重量百分比的饲料配合饲喂:青绿饲料15%、粗饲料55%、精饲料30%;第二期:采用如下重量百分比的饲料配合饲喂:青绿饲料10%、粗饲料35%、精饲料55%;第三期:采用如下重量百分比的饲料配合饲喂:青绿饲料15%、粗饲料15%、精饲料70%;
(3)饲喂时间为每天早上6点、中午12点、下午6点各饲喂1次;夜间零点再加喂1次草料,上、下午各饮水一次,先喂后饮。
实施例2:
一种提高牛肉品质的养殖肉牛的方法,采用牧饲结合的方式进行喂养,在后期育肥阶段,分阶段进行舍饲喂养;牧饲结合是指放牧饲养与棚舍饲喂相结合,放牧期一般为5-l0月,舍饲期从11月到次年4月;放牧期每天保证7-9h的采草时间,配以少量饲料;舍饲期主要采用青绿饲料、粗饲料和精饲料进行配合饲喂。
精饲料按重量份数计,主要由以下原料组成:红薯藤40份、玉米50份、豆饼20份、菜籽粕35份、牡蛎粉10份、骨粉8份、食盐0.5份、维生素添加剂5份、小苏打0.65份、微量元素1份、瘤胃素0.006份。
精饲料中还添加有中草药组分,中草药组分占肉牛基础日粮的0.5%。
中草药组分包含如下重量份数的中草药原料:葛根7份、淫羊藿10份、黄芪8份、旋花根8份、尖药花7份、冬青叶7份、刺榆叶7份、淮山药6份。
一种提高牛肉品质的养殖肉牛的方法,其中精饲料的制备包括以下步骤:
(1)按重量份数称取中草药原料,分别晾干、切片、经低温粉碎至60目的粗粉,混合均匀,得中草药组分;
(2)将红薯藤、玉米、豆饼、菜籽粕加入粉碎机中,过120目筛,得混合料;
(3)向混合料中加入牡蛎粉、骨粉、食盐、维生素添加剂、小苏打、微量元素、瘤胃素和中草药组分,加入搅拌机中,加入80份水,以600r/min进行搅拌45min;
(4)混合均匀后造粒机进行造粒并烘干,得粒径为25mm,含水率为6.5%的精饲料。
本实施例还提供了一种提高牛肉品质的养殖肉牛的方法:
(1)将育肥阶段定为120天,平均分为三个时期,采用舍饲喂养;
(2)第一期:采用如下重量百分比的饲料配合饲喂:青绿饲料20%、粗饲料60%、精饲料20%;第二期:采用如下重量百分比的饲料配合饲喂:青绿饲料15%、粗饲料30%、精饲料55%;第三期:采用如下重量百分比的饲料配合饲喂:青绿饲料10%、粗饲料15%、精饲料75%;
(3)饲喂时间为每天早上6点、中午12点、下午6点各饲喂1次;夜间零点再加喂1次草料,上、下午各饮水一次,先喂后饮。
实施例3:
一种提高牛肉品质的养殖肉牛的方法,采用牧饲结合的方式进行喂养,在后期育肥阶段,分阶段进行舍饲喂养;牧饲结合是指放牧饲养与棚舍饲喂相结合,放牧期一般为5-l0月,舍饲期从11月到次年4月;放牧期每天保证7-9h的采草时间,配以少量饲料;舍饲期主要采用青绿饲料、粗饲料和精饲料进行配合饲喂。
精饲料按重量份数计,主要由以下原料组成:红薯藤30份、玉米40份、豆饼15份、菜籽粕27份、牡蛎粉8份、骨粉6份、食盐0.4份、维生素添加剂4份、小苏打0.5份、微量元素0.75份、瘤胃素0.005份。
精饲料中还添加有中草药组分,中草药组分占肉牛基础日粮的0.43%。
中草药组分包含如下重量份数的中草药原料:葛根5份、淫羊藿7份、黄芪5份、旋花根7份、尖药花5份、冬青叶5份、刺榆叶4-7份、淮山药4份。
一种提高牛肉品质的养殖肉牛的方法,其中精饲料的制备包括以下步骤:
(1)按重量份数称取中草药原料,分别晾干、切片、经低温粉碎至50目的粗粉,混合均匀,得中草药组分;
(2)将红薯藤、玉米、豆饼、菜籽粕加入粉碎机中,过90目筛,得混合料;
(3)向混合料中加入牡蛎粉、骨粉、食盐、维生素添加剂、小苏打、微量元素、瘤胃素和中草药组分,加入搅拌机中,加入65份水,以500r/min进行搅拌37min;
(4)混合均匀后造粒机进行造粒并烘干,得粒径为20mm,含水率为4.3%的精饲料。
本实施例还提供了一种提高牛肉品质的养殖肉牛的方法:
(1)将育肥阶段定为120天,平均分为三个时期,采用舍饲喂养;
(2)第一期:采用如下重量百分比的饲料配合饲喂:青绿饲料25%、粗饲料45%、精饲料30%;第二期:采用如下重量百分比的饲料配合饲喂:青绿饲料20%、粗饲料35%、精饲料45%;第三期:采用如下重量百分比的饲料配合饲喂:青绿饲料15%、粗饲料10%、精饲料75%;
(3)饲喂时间为每天早上6点、中午12点、下午6点各饲喂1次;夜间零点再加喂1次草料,上、下午各饮水一次,先喂后饮。
将50头6月龄肉牛,随机分为3个实验组和2个对照组。饲喂120天进行育肥,实验组1-3按照实施例1-3进行喂养;对照组1不进行分期育肥,一直饲喂相同配方饲料;对照组2精饲料中不添加中草药组分;其它条件相同。对育肥前的平均体重、育肥后平均体重,宰杀后牛肉品质和生长过程中情况进行测试和观察,得出如下测试结果:
表1
试验表明,采用分段育肥方式提供的饲料配比进行喂养,可显著提高肉牛体重。加入中草药组分的精饲料与普通饲料养殖的肉牛进行对比,能显著提高肉牛机体的免疫力、提高肉牛抗病能力。因此可减免抗生素、激素的使用,提高牛肉品质。
以上所述的具体实施方式,对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明,所应理解的是,以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施方式而已,并不用于限定本发明的保护范围,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种提高牛肉品质的养殖肉牛的方法,其特征在于,采用牧饲结合的方式进行喂养,所述牧饲结合是指放牧饲养与棚舍饲喂相结合,放牧期为5-l0月,舍饲期从11月到次年4月;所述放牧期每天保证7-9h的采草时间,配以少量饲料;所述舍饲期主要采用青绿饲料、粗饲料和精饲料进行配合饲喂;
在后期育肥阶段,分阶段进行舍饲喂养;将育肥阶段定为90-120天,平均分为三个时期,采用舍饲喂养;第一期:采用如下重量百分比的饲料配合饲喂:青绿饲料15-25%、粗饲料45-65%、精饲料20-35%;第二期:采用如下重量百分比的饲料配合饲喂:青绿饲料10-20%、粗饲料25-35%、精饲料45-55%;第三期:采用如下重量百分比的饲料配合饲喂:青绿饲料5-15%、粗饲料10-20%、精饲料70-80%;饲喂时间为每天早上6点、中午12点、下午6点各饲喂1次;夜间零点再加喂1次草料,上、下午各饮水一次,先喂后饮;
所述精饲料按重量份数计,主要由以下原料组成:红薯藤20-40份、玉米30-50份、豆饼10-20份、菜籽粕20-35份、牡蛎粉6-10份、骨粉4-8份、食盐0.3-0.5份、维生素添加剂3-5份、小苏打0.35-0.65份、微量元素0.5-1份、瘤胃素0.003-0.006份;
所述精饲料中还添加有中草药组分,所述中草药组分占肉牛基础日粮的0.35-0.5%;所述中草药组分包含如下重量份数的中草药原料:葛根3-7份、淫羊藿5-10份、黄芪2-8份、旋花根6-8份、尖药花3-7份、冬青叶3-7份、刺榆叶4-7份、淮山药2-6份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的提高牛肉品质的养殖肉牛的方法,其特征在于:所述粗饲料主要为酒糟,所述酒糟为高粱、玉米、糯米、大米、小麦混合发酵后的下脚料。
3.根据权利要求1所述的提高牛肉品质的养殖肉牛的方法,其特征在于:所述青绿饲料为黑麦草、草木樨、苜蓿、甜象草、无芒雀麦和紫云英中的任意几种。
4.一种如权利要求1-3任一项所述的提高牛肉品质的养殖肉牛的方法,其特征在于:所述精饲料的制备包括以下步骤:
(1)按重量份数称取所述中草药原料,分别晾干、切片、经低温粉碎至40-60目的粗粉,混合均匀,得中草药组分;
(2)将所述红薯藤、玉米、豆饼、菜籽粕加入粉碎机中,过60-120目筛,得混合料;
(3)向所述混合料中加入所述牡蛎粉、骨粉、食盐、维生素添加剂、小苏打、微量元素、瘤胃素和所述中草药组分,加入搅拌机中,加入50-80份水,以400-600r/min进行搅拌30-45min;
(4)混合均匀后造粒机进行造粒并烘干,得所述精饲料。
5.根据权利要求4所述的提高牛肉品质的养殖肉牛的方法,其特征在于:所述精饲料的粒径为15-25mm,含水率为4.2-6.5%。
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