CN108094274A - A kind of cultural method of hiruto - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method of hiruto Download PDFInfo
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- CN108094274A CN108094274A CN201711239541.XA CN201711239541A CN108094274A CN 108094274 A CN108094274 A CN 108094274A CN 201711239541 A CN201711239541 A CN 201711239541A CN 108094274 A CN108094274 A CN 108094274A
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/40—Culture of aquatic animals of annelids, e.g. lugworms or Eunice
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cultural methods of hiruto, including building rearing pool, the water surface puts 60,000~70,000 leech in a suitable place to breed to stocking rate per acre, and the water surface disposably launches 20~30 kilograms of spiral shells by its natural propagation per acre, it is per week to feed a fresh animal blood grumeleuse on the basis of natural feed；Water is changed in holding, and water temperature is made to be maintained at 10~35 DEG C, keeps certain dissolved oxygen amount；Periodically use the Eusol full pool spilling head of a ten thousandth mass concentration；Anti-escape preventive establishments are configured, carry out overwinter management and disease prevention and cure.The method of the present invention is artificial feeding's fresh animal blood clot on the basis of natural feed, and hiruto survival rate is high, can substantially and rapidly improve the speed of growth of hiruto, obtain minimum feedstuff-meat ratio, good in economic efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ox leech cultural technique fields, particularly a kind of cultural method of hiruto.
Background technology
Leech, popular name leech are under the jurisdiction of Annelida, and Hirudinea, Gnathobdellida, Hirudinidae is the traditional extraordinary medicine in China
Use aquatic animal.The growth and breeding in the freshwater of inland, the traditional Chinese medical science is used as medicine after dried product processes, and has treatment apoplexy, high blood
Pressure, amenorrhoea, extravasated blood swelling and pain and traumatic injury and other effects.Leech is containing protein, still containing 17 kinds of amino acid, including needed by human 8
Kind amino acid also contains 14 kinds of trace elements such as zinc, manganese, iron, cobalt.In recent years new discovery leech preparation is in prevention cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease
There is special efficacy with anticancer aspect.It in history with naturally catch based on, because of the abuses such as pesticide, chemical fertilizer and industrial or agricultural " three in recent years
It is useless " pollution to environment, leech living environment is caused to be destroyed, wild leech natural resources is caused to fall sharply so that in the market
Supply falls short of demand for leech.In addition, with the deep development of leech medical value, there is a huge market demand potential, this gives the people of leech
Work cultivation brings opportunity.Leech is relatively more in the cultivation of south China province, and northern area simply just starts to cultivate in recent years,
But also achieve certain effect.
Hiruto (Poecilobdella manillensis), is commonly called as golden-rimmed leech, is under the jurisdiction of Annelida
(Annelida), Hirudinea (Hirudinea), Arhynchobdellae (Arhynchobdellida Blanchard), Yi Zhike
(Hirudinidae Witman), Poecilobdella (Poecilobdella Blanchard), individual is larger in class of sucking blood leech
Kind is lived in rice field, ditch, rivers or pond, is made a living with the blood for sucking people and vertebrate (such as ox, frog),
Be distributed mainly on a few provinces and regions such as the Guangxi, Guangdong and Hainan in China south China, foreign countries be distributed mainly on Philippine, Thailand,
The Southeast Asia such as Vietnam are less than the area of height above sea level 500m.
Hiruto individual is larger, and body grows 4~11 centimetres or longer；0.35~2 centimetre of maximum body breadth；Anal sucker diameter 3-14
Millimeter, hence it is evident that wide less than body.Body is long and narrow and flat.Back is in yellowish-brown or olive-green, has an inapparent orchid in the back of the body
Grey longitudinal grin.Two gonopores are usually separated by 5 rings.It is wide that anal sucker diameter is significantly less than body.Jaw is very big, and both side surface is arranged in
The salivary gland mastoid process of 3 or 4 files, there are about 150 sharp keen teeth on usual jaw ridge.Ejaculatory duct is coarse, in spindle.The swollen chamber of spermaduct
It is short, it is rounded and be covered with by one layer of loose body of gland.Vagina is short, without handle, total fallopian tubal therewith outward opening.
Hiruto is a kind of important Hementaria officianalis in the world, has anti-freezing, antithrombotic, fibrinolytic, reducing blood lipid and anti-inflammatory work(
Can, cure mainly woman month close, traumatic injury, postpartum anemic fainting and the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease related with thrombosis.Due to hiruto
Contain a kind of abundant antithrombin activity substance most strong in the world, that is, natural leech in salivary gland and its secreted saliva
Element and receive the concern of people.As 2003 state key research and extension project " hirudiniculture " outstanding person --- collection medicine
With the hiruto of multiple functions such as, beauty and make-up, health foods, the demand in market will be increasing, in addition luxuriant and rich with fragrance ox
The frog will be supported 8~12 months and could apply, artificial feeding can not possibly amount reproduction in a short time, therefore, insider's prediction exists
Hiruto breeding prospect is had an optimistic view of in certain time.
However, all the time, due to largely applying quick lime improvement soil and application chemical fertilizer, pesticide in agricultural production, add
The discharge of upper industrial waste, seriously polluted water body so that the living space of hiruto is less and less, and wild resource is increasingly
Few, so as to which imbalance between supply and demand be caused to protrude, price also goes up steadily year by year.Separately some researches show that from 17 years 1991~2008 years
Once there is peak three times in period, leech price, and once higher than once.1991 for the first time 150 yuan/kilogram of highest price；The
220 yuan/kilogram of secondary highest price in 2000；2004 for the third time 280 yuan/kilogram of highest price.It carefully analyzes and is not difficult to find out, leech
Why progressively high price is, and basic reason is that the market demand is increasing, and wild resource is constantly declining.It can be seen that luxuriant and rich with fragrance ox
The great breeding prospect of cultivation and development space of leech.
Hiruto is as a kind of breed variety with precious medical value, and with growing, fast, yield is high, easily popularization, throwing
The features such as small, quick is provided, and is once introduced a fine variety, is benefited for many years, the various scales in town and country and mode is suitble to be cultivated, in current day
Under the right hiruto current conditions that extremely shortage and the market demand surge, development artificial breeding is imperative, and benefit is apparent, is wide
The quick road of getting wealth of the big both urban and rural residents, great breeding prospect and development space.Therefore, the raising of hiruto is furtherd investigate
With Utilization prospects, there is huge development potentiality, and thus generate unpredictable economic benefit.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of cultural method of hiruto, on the basis of natural feed,
Artificial feeding's fresh animal blood clot, hiruto survival rate is high, can substantially and rapidly improve the speed of growth of hiruto, obtains
Minimum feedstuff-meat ratio, it is good in economic efficiency.
The present invention adopts the following technical scheme that solution above-mentioned technical problem：
A kind of cultural method of hiruto, includes the following steps：
(1) rearing pool is built
Rearing pool is built depending on stocking rate, and the water surface puts 60,000~70,000 leech in a suitable place to breed to stocking rate per acre；Pond deep 1.5~
1.8 meters, 0.8~1 meter of the depth of water；Water inlet and discharge outlet are set respectively in rearing pool diagonal angle, the installation gauze at discharge outlet, every meter
The water surface repaiies 5~8 areas as 1 meter2Platform, platform is higher by 2~3 centimetres of the water surface；Bottom of pond places tile, stone or branch, throws
Put fowl and animal excrement；
(2) seedling selects
Planting the standard of leech is：Stalwartness, no wound, is quick on the draw, and specification is big；Cultivation need not after sufficient kind of leech is once put when starting
Leech seedling is put again, and kind leech voluntarily breeds seedling in pond；
(3) feed
The water surface disposably launches 20~30 kilograms of spiral shells by its natural propagation per acre；It is per week to feed a fresh animal blood and coagulate
Block；Saliferous is unable in fresh animal blood grumeleuse；
(4) daily management
Water is changed in holding, and water temperature is made to be maintained at 10~35 DEG C, keeps certain dissolved oxygen amount；Periodically use a ten thousandth mass concentration
Eusol full pool spilling head；
(5) anti-escape anti-evil
Surrounding in pond sets up the anti-leech flight of pore purse seine, while prevents its harmful organisms from entering leech pond injury water
Leech；
(6) overwinter management
During into autumn water temperature drop to less than 10 DEG C, following two measures are taken：First, deepening water, water knot is prevented
Leech is hindered in frost；Second is that putting straw mat or maize straw in pond, pierced for leech overwintering；
(7) disease prevention
(a) regulating water quality keeps water quality pure and fresh and stablizes；(b) avoid damaging when catching leech；(c) water, water are changed in time
Contaminated or high temperature season water temperature should change water when being higher than 30 DEG C, change the 1/3 of water with clean water source every time, change the temperature difference control of water
System is within 3 DEG C；(d) putrid and deteriorated feed is not fed, removes surplus residual bait in time；
(8) leech harvests
The growth cycle of leech is 6 months, and seedling is put in early spring can harvest to October, and when harvesting bleeds off or drain pond
Water is caught with close eye fine-structure mesh.
With brick into anti-escape ditch, 12 centimetres of furrow width, 8 centimetres of ditch depth around the rearing pool.
The rearing pool water pH value is 7.0.
Rearing pool water temperature is maintained at 20~30 DEG C in the daily management, 0.7 mg/litre of minimum oxygen capacity of water.
The fresh animal blood grumeleuse injected volume presses every 50 grams of 300 hirutos.
The fresh animal blood grumeleuse is fresh pig blood grumeleuse.
The advantage of the invention is that：The method of the present invention is artificial feeding's fresh pig blood grumeleuse on the basis of natural feed,
Hiruto survival rate is high, can substantially and rapidly improve the speed of growth of hiruto, obtain minimum feedstuff-meat ratio, i.e., highest warp
Ji benefit.
Specific embodiment
The specific embodiment of the present invention is discussed in detail with reference to embodiments, but does not form and the claims in the present invention is protected
Protect the limitation of scope.
First, a kind of cultural method of hiruto of the present invention is：
1st, rearing pool is built
Propagate leech artificially, pond, irrigation canals and ditches, the paddy field in nature can be put in a suitable place to breed；It on a small scale can be in vinyl house, interior
Water vat can also be used in cement pit, basin supports leech；Rearing pool can also be built in outdoor.Outdoor build pond preferably select it is leeward on the sunny side,
It has abundant water resources, water quality is good, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, are not easy the place for being influenced, being had a good transport service by flood.Raising pool area can greatly may be used
Small, depending on stocking rate, generally the water surface puts 60,000~70,000 leech in a suitable place to breed per acre.Pond is 1.5~1.8 meters deep, 0.8~1 meter of the depth of water.
Water inlet and discharge outlet are set in rearing pool diagonal angle, gauze at discharge outlet is installed, prevents leech migration.Every meter of water surface repaiies 5~8
A platform, inhabites and is laid eggs for leech, and platform area is 1 meter2, it is higher by 2~3 centimetres or so of the water surface.Some areas are in order to anti-
Only rainy day leech is lost in, with brick into anti-escape ditch, 12 centimetres of furrow width, 8 centimetres of ditch depth around Chi Geng.The rearing pool newly dug,
Some poultry, poultry manures are launched in bottom of pond, planktonic organism is cultivated, improves water quality.Bottom of pond should also put a little tiles, stone or branch, supply
Leech inhabites.
2nd, requirement of the hiruto to water body
(1) temperature
Temperature is to influence an important factor for hiruto is movable.Hiruto lives in 10~35 DEG C of water temperature, when below 10 DEG C
Stopping is ingested, and higher than 35 DEG C leech, which have the fidgets, influences growth, and it is most fast that water temperature is maintained at the vigorous growth of ingesting of 20~30 DEG C of leech.
In the time of the year when autumn changes into winter, when temperature is less than 10 DEG C, leeches is initially entered in the relatively soft soil in waterside, and depth of hiding is at 15~25 lis
Rice, into hibernation-like state.After the second year beginning of spring, when ground temperature is stablized more than 14 DEG C, hiruto starts to be unearthed.Water temperature is to influence leech
The important step of breeding, leech mating need temperature at 15 DEG C, and at 20 DEG C or so, warm current can be with for the incubation temperature of ovum cocoon
Promote the hatching process of Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns.
(2) acid-base value
General leech is wider to the adaptability of the acid-base value (pH value) of water, such as the doctor leech of artificial breeding, gold thread leech
Many common leeches can be long term survival in 4.5~10.1 so more extensive scopes in pH value.When pH value is more than 10.2
When, due to toxicant caused by the serious pollution of organic matter or the corruption of humus, leech can be made to be not suitable with or dead.But
It is to be experimentally verified that, most hiruto is all lived in the alkaline water body of pH=7.0 or more.It is confirmed through our experiment, it is luxuriant and rich with fragrance
Ox leech does not adapt to the acidic bodies of water condition of pH=4.0, situations such as dead, growth hysteresis occurs.And when pH value reaches 9.5,
The death rate of hiruto is up to 70%.Therefore, in artificial feeding hiruto, when discovery water quality overfertilization or corrupt substance are more
When, acid-base value is measured in time, when exceeded (including just exceeded or negative exceeded) is found, part should be taken to change water etc. in time and arranged
It applies.
(3) salinity
The salt content of water body must not exceed 1%, in the clot of feeding, also not add salt, otherwise to the growth of hiruto
It is unfavorable.
(4) depth of water
Life and mating period in hiruto, mostly activity is in pool side and shallow water area, therefore rearing pool design head
0.8~1 meter.Also allow for fixed body and convenient for defence.
(5) oxygen content of water
Most of leech can endure anaerobic environment for a long time.This is because leech parachorium bacterium in anoxic can be detested
Oxygen breathes.Even if without the entrance of extraneous oxygen, leech Pseudomonas alba also can decompose the blood stored in leech body by fermentation
Etc. nutritional ingredients, maintain the life of oneself in a short time.In the case where oxygen is completely depleted, leech generally can also survive 2
~3 days.
Hiruto is lived in mostly in the waters of minimum 0.7 mg/litre containing dissolved oxygen, during less than above-mentioned dissolved oxygen amount,
Hiruto can be not suitable with or emerge from the water, and show uneasiness.
(6) pollution of water
Leech is one of stronger aquatic animal of drug resistance.Experiment proves that leech is more than 100 × 10 in DDT concentration-6Shi Cai
It can be killed.Doctor leech is put into concentration as 7.1 × 10-6In DDT solution 24 it is small when, the results showed that the DDT for having 16% is inhaled by leech
It receives.Therefore, the water body of rearing pool should avoid pollution sources, and palpus is pollution-free, without chemical fertilizer, non agricultural chemical residuum, to improve the medicinal of leech
Quality.
3rd, seedling
Planting the standard of leech is：Stalwartness, no wound, is quick on the draw, specification big (20~30) gram/item), such kind of leech egg laying amount
More, hatching rate is high.
4th, breeding density
Every square metre of water surface, which puts 100~150 in a suitable place to breed, to be advisable, breeding density when cultivating condition is good, skilled, feed is sufficient
It can suitably increase.
5th, feed
Feeding volume：The water surface can disposably launch 20~30 kilograms of spiral shells living per acre, its natural propagation is allowed to be preyed on for hiruto.But
Launching spiral shell should not be excessive, in order to avoid fight for space with hiruto.Per week to feed a fresh animal blood grumeleuse, injected volume is by every
300 50 grams of kind leech are advisable.Saliferous is unable in clot.Not influence water quality, it is impossible to directly put into clot in water.It can be by clot
It is placed on wooden unit, it is made to float on the surface.Also clot can be launched in rearing pool surrounding, is to launch one piece every 5 meters or so
Preferably, hiruto will soon be gathered after smelling fishy smell, voluntarily be dispersed after suction, clot standing time must not exceed two days.Will and
When remove surplus blood residue, in order to avoid pollution water quality.
6th, daily management
(1) water temperature and quality is adjusted
Hiruto lives in 10~35 DEG C of water temperature, stops when below 10 DEG C ingesting, and higher than 35 DEG C hirutos are had the fidgets
Influence growth, it is most fast that water temperature is maintained at the vigorous growth of ingesting of 20~30 DEG C of hirutos, should be filled in time when water temperature is more than 30 DEG C
New water cooling.Particularly 7-8 month water temperatures are higher, and hiruto growth is fast, and water is also easily contaminated, therefore to keep changing water,
Holding water temperature is moderate, and the pure and fresh stabilization of water quality, fertile degree is moderate, keeps minimum 0.7 mg/litre containing dissolved oxygen.To prevent water quality deterioration,
Periodically use the Eusol full pool spilling head of mass concentration a ten thousandth.
(2) anti-escape anti-evil
It often to patrol, notice that leech is fled, check whether water injection mouth is unobstructed, waterproof pond excessive greatly.The four of rearing pool
Set up in week thin purse seine not only can the flight of anti-hiruto, but also its harmful organisms such as frog, snake, mouse etc. can be prevented into the luxuriant and rich with fragrance ox of leech pond injury
Leech.
(3) overwinter management
It ingests, pierces in deep water or stone, branch dead leaf into autumn water temperature drop to hiruto stopping at less than 10 DEG C
Lower hibernation.To make its safe overwintering, following two measures can be taken：First, deepening water, prevent water from freezing completely, water freezes
It is real, frostbite hiruto.Second is that a little straw mats or maize straw are put in pond, pierced for hiruto it is overwintering.
7th, breed and develop
Hiruto is hermaphroditic, protandry, allogamy, oviparity, and 5-9 months are the mating periods of hiruto, 7-8
Month is egg production peak time.Every mating period, sexually matured hiruto is hided to mate under pool side water plant stone, is opened after 1 month
Begin oviposition cocoon, and ovum cocoon is produced in the soil of pool side jewelry, expensive clothing and other valuables, generally can voluntarily hatch young leech by 16~25 days.Therefore, luxuriant and rich with fragrance ox
Leech mating period keeps the soil moisture of pool side soft, so that hiruto is laid eggs cocoon in soil, raises up seed.In hiruto
Cultivation in, it is voluntarily numerous in pond where hiruto as long as general cultivation is once put when starting not put leech seedling after sufficient leech seedling again
Grow seedling.
8th, disease prevention and cure
Prevention method：(1) regulating water quality, holding transparency is moderate, and water quality is not pure and fresh infertile thin.(2) when catching hiruto
It avoids damaging as far as possible.(3) water is changed in time, water should be changed when water is contaminated or high temperature season water temperature is higher than 30 DEG C, every time with clean
Water source changes the 1/3 of water, it is impossible to which, with the water source containing pesticide or chemical fertilizer, the temperature difference for changing water is controlled within 3 DEG C.(4) corruption is not fed
Rotten feed is lost, surplus residual bait is eaten and removes in time.
Treatment：The disease of hiruto is mainly that leech body punctation, bradykinesia occurs, and available sizes are 0.25g/ pieces
Hydroxytetracycline tablet, which pulverizes, to be diluted with water, and mixes thoroughly be sprinkled into water at dusk, and every square metre of water surface is used in conjunction 3~5 days with 1
9th, leech harvests
The growth cycle of leech be 6 months, generally put in early spring seedling can be grown to October it is similar with adult size,
Processing can be caught.If the choosing individual that need to reserve seed for planting it is big be put into overwintering in wintering pond, individual is smaller and also may be used less than commercial specification
Be put into the wintering pond coming year supports again.Water is bled off or drained during harvesting, and mass trapping or its other party can also be used with the fishing of close eye fine-structure mesh
Method is caught.
2nd, experimental design：
2.1.1 hiruto source
Experiment hiruto used is derived from the young leech of Guangxi University's aquaculture base home-bred and autophytic, according to hiruto body
Weight, age, health degree and the basically identical principle of the uniformity, choose hiruto 400, initial average weight (0.955 ±
0.003) the young leech of g is tested.The young leech of experiment is first cooked adaptability in Guangxi University's aquaculture base experiment pool and raised and train
14d。
2.1.2 material is fed
Pomacea canaliculata, fresh pig blood grumeleuse, fresh ox blood grumeleuse, new fresh poultry blood grumeleuse.
2.1.3 testing equipment
Experiment pool：Specification is 1.2m × 4.5m × 0.9m.
Box for breeding:Specification is 61.5cm × 36.3cm × 12.2cm, and label is respectively I, II, III and IV.
Anti-escape equipment：1. bamboo stick：Length × wide=60cm × 1.5cm, totally 8；Length × wide=35cm × 1.5cm, totally 8；
2. irony bookend：48；3. double-deck spun yarn net：Length × wide=90cm × 50cm, totally 4.Double-deck spun yarn net is tiled and cultivated
Above case, bamboo stick is individually fixed in spun yarn side on the net with irony bookend, the anti-equipment of running away of hirudiniculture is made.
Other auxiliary materials：Plastic tub 3,2, the string bag of self-control fishing, electronic scale, ruler and disinfection drug (permanganic acid
Potassium).
2.2 test method
2.2.1 principle is tested
This experiment is selected using, as principle, being determined close to produce reality in pig blood, ox blood, chicken blood when propagating hiruto artificially
It selects and adds which kind of fresh animal blood grumeleuse most beneficial for the economic benefit for obtaining maximum.
Meanwhile during experiment, it then follows the consistency principle, i.e. each group hiruto weight, age, health degree and the uniformity
Basically identical principle.
2.2.2 experiment grouping
According to hiruto weight, age, health degree and the basically identical principle of the uniformity, choose that health is disease-free, size is equal
Even young leech 400 is randomly divided into 4 groups, and every group 100, I group is control group, and II group, III group, IV group is test group, and each group is removed
It feeds outside the basic food such as Pomacea canaliculata, adds various animals clot such as following table at regular time and quantity weekly：
Table 2-1 experiment groupings
2.2.3. experimental design
The hiruto being divided into group is respectively put into box for breeding, carries out mark, subsequently into the pre-feeding period in a week, it
Afterwards into formal test period, this experimental period is 1 month.Record observation hiruto feeding variety classes in detail moves within experimental period
The abnormal conditions of hiruto, such as disease in speed, feed intake of object clot etc. and each group, apocleisis, it is dead situations such as.Experiment
After interim and experimental period, the weight of 3 weighing each group hirutos calculate hiruto and search for food in 5 minutes various animals
Item number (estimating speed), feed intake, the death rate, average weight gain amount, different animals clot consumption and the cost of blood grumeleuse, consumption
Material weightening ratio etc..Experimental design whole process can simply represent as follows：Hiruto-grouping-pre-feeding period-is selected weigh-to test
Phase-weigh.Choose hiruto 400.Each test group 100, each group is except feeding the basic foods such as Pomacea canaliculata during experiment
Outside, every timing in 3 days feeds fresh ox blood blood grumeleuse, pig blood blood grumeleuse and the chickens of equivalent to II, III, IV box for breeding more respectively
Blood blood grumeleuse is raised one month.According to single_factor method, keep its feeding condition such as temperature, humidity, water quality etc. essentially identical,
Experimental period routine weighing 4 times measures influence of the various animals clot to hiruto growth performance.It records in detail within experimental period
The abnormal conditions of hiruto in speed, appetite of record hiruto feeding various animals clot etc. and each group, such as disease,
Apocleisis, it is dead situations such as.
2.2.4 parameter calculates
2.2.4.1 the front and rear quality difference contrast test of fresh clot immersion
Test group II, III, IV, which is added, feeds the bait of hiruto as new blood grumeleuse, leech feeding process in water into
Row, for clot is avoided to be immersed in the water generation quality difference, influences the calculating of hiruto food-intake, therefore carries out chicken blood before the test
The front and rear quality difference contrast test of immersion.Respectively by 103g, 127g, 128g tri- navy blue modelings of new fresh poultry blood input A, B, C
(specification in pond is hopper：Length × width × height=61.5cm × 36.3cm × 12.2cm), it adds in 15L tap water and (keeps water in case
Deep 6.7cm), 27 DEG C of temperature.Blood is taken out after 1h, is weighed after drying surface moisture content.Acquired results are as shown in form 2-2.
The front and rear quality difference table of the fresh clot immersion of table 2-2
2.2.4.2 hiruto is to the food-intake parameter of the fresh clot of different animals
Obtained by form 2-2, when feeding new fresh poultry blood clot,
Food-intake=initial blood weight (g)-feeds blood weight (g)-initial blood weight (g) × 21.6% after 1h
Same method can calculate, and when feeding fresh pig blood clot, ox blood clot, the computational methods of food-intake are respectively
Pig blood：Food-intake=initial blood weight (g)-feeds blood weight (g)-initial blood weight (g) × 20.5% after 1h
Ox blood：Food-intake=initial blood weight (g)-feeds blood weight (g)-initial blood weight (g) × 20.0% after 1h
2.2.5 feeding management
2.2.5.1 feeding environment
Box for breeding is labeled as I, II, III and IV, each box for breeding is positioned over corresponding aquaculture pond 1,2,3,4, cultivates
The tap water that water level line is about 12 centimetres is put into pond, guarantee test leech is in similar feeding environment, stocking density 100
Item/case (table 2-1).Leech lives in 10~35 DEG C of water temperature, stops when below 10 DEG C ingesting, higher than 35 DEG C leech agitations are not
Peace influences growth, and it is most fast that water temperature is maintained at the vigorous growth of ingesting of 20~30 DEG C of leech, should be filled in time when water temperature is more than 30 DEG C
New water cooling.This experiment (25 DEG C -34 DEG C of temperature, 27 DEG C -29 DEG C of water temperature) under natural environmental condition carries out.
2.2.5.2 preliminary trial period
It carries out disinfection respectively to each experiment pool and its ambient enviroment before drop-test leech, box for breeding is cleaned to be used in combination
0.1% liquor potassic permanganate impregnates hour 2h.7d preliminary trial periods.During preliminary trial period, the health status of young leech is observed, record survives
Rate and feed consumption rate, to the experience of later experiment accumulation raising.At the end of preliminary trial period, the young leech of experiment is weighed and carried out same again
Matter is examined, and indivedual adjustment make group difference not significantly (P>0.05), then it is transferred to the positive examination phase.
2.2.5.3 experimental period
After being transferred to the positive examination phase, each group is in addition to feeding the basic food such as Pomacea canaliculata, and every timing in 3 days is to II, III, IV box for breeding point
Fresh ox blood clot, pig blood clot and the chicken blood clots for feeding equivalent not, clearly each case is fed various fresh before feeding more
Fresh clot when feeding is placed in box for breeding, allows hiruto free choice feeding by the amount (about 110 grams) of clot.It feeds intake and examines after 1h
It looks into and sucks blood situation, the blood not sucked takes out as early as possible, dries surface moisture and weighs, and clears up box for breeding in time.When feeding
Between be morning 9:00.Experiment process carries out the record of each testing index data and the health status of the young leech of experiment, feeding
Situations such as property, death rate.Water is changed 1 time afterwards according to water temperature and water quality condition, each feeding during experiment, and clears up dead phenanthrene
The corpse of ox leech.During the experiment, every the weight of each group hiruto of measurement in 10 days, each measured body weight is after feeding
It carries out every two days.Time of measuring：September 9 days, September 20 days, September 30 days, October 9.
2.2.6 process is tested
2.2.6.1 main test event
Search for food in hiruto 5 minutes the item number (estimating speed) of various animals blood grumeleuse, feed intake, the death rate,
Average weight gain amount, different animals clot consumption and cost, feed consumption weightening ratio.
2.2.6.2 test period
In September, 2016 is in October, 2016
2.2.6.3 test site
Guangxi University's aquaculture base.
2.3 results and analysis
On the premise of fresh animal clot difference is added, the various objective factor phases such as other rearing conditions, environmental factor
With in the case of, hiruto shows the different speeds of growth, and in this experiment, fresh pig is added in the food of hiruto
Blood clot and fresh ox blood clot have the growth performance of hiruto significant effect, add pig blood and ox blood with adding other
Fresh animal clot or do not add animal clot hiruto weightening compare, average weight gain speed is substantially higher by other groups,
And wherein to add the optimal of pig blood.Therefore, when propagating hiruto artificially, if feeding fresh pig to hiruto at regular time and quantity
Blood clot can effectively improve the growth performance of hiruto.
Table 3-1 hirutos are to the feeding situation table (unit of different animals clot：g)
Note：It is differed with shoulder marking-up mother in column data, significant difference (p<0.05)；Not notable (the p of alphabetical same difference>
0.05)
Table 3-1 shows：In feeding volume in the case of, hiruto is bigger than ox blood and pig blood to the food-intake of chicken blood,
Illustrate in three kinds of clots, the amount that chicken blood is searched for food is maximum.But from feed-weight ratio, it is apparent that feeding the material of this group of chicken blood
Again than maximum, and significantly larger than ox blood, the feedstuff-meat ratio of pig blood, this explanation to hiruto is made to rise to constant weight, consume chicken
The amount of blood is far longer than ox blood, the consumption of pig blood.
Table 3-2 various animals clot influences situation (unit to the growth performance of hiruto：g)
Note：It is differed with shoulder marking-up mother in column data, significant difference (p<0.05)；Not notable (the p of alphabetical same difference>
0.05)
From table 3-2, under identical cultivating condition, add and feed chicken blood, the death rate highest of hiruto is 20%, secondly
It is 14% not add the control group for feeding animal blood, adds pig feeding blood, ox blood, the death rate of hiruto is significantly lower than I, IV group.4 groups
Mutually control.When propagating hiruto artificially, fresh pig blood and fresh ox blood are added in the food of hiruto to hiruto
Growth performance have significant effect, wherein, addition pig blood can obtain highest percent increase in weight 175.99% and item averagely increases
Length is than 1.686g, economic benefit highest.But addition ox blood is obtaining relatively addition chicken blood or is not adding the high weightening of animal clot
While percentage, higher survival rate is also obtained.Chicken blood is added, hiruto weightening unobvious and easily leads to disease, causes phenanthrene
The death rate of ox leech increases, and survival rate reduces.If not adding any animal clot during artificial feeding, the weight of hiruto is apparent
It reduces.So the present invention, using on the basis of natural feed, addition fresh pig blood grumeleuse gaining effect is more preferable, and consumes
Cost is lower, and economic benefit is best.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of cultural method of hiruto, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
(1) rearing pool is built
Rearing pool is built depending on stocking rate, and the water surface puts 60,000~70,000 leech in a suitable place to breed to stocking rate per acre；Pond deep 1.5~1.8
Rice, 0.8~1 meter of the depth of water；Water inlet and discharge outlet are set respectively in rearing pool diagonal angle, and gauze, every meter of water are installed at discharge outlet
5~8 areas are repaiied as 1 meter in face2Platform, platform is higher by 2~3 centimetres of the water surface；Bottom of pond places tile, stone or branch, launches
Fowl and animal excrement；
(2) seedling selects
Planting the standard of leech is：Stalwartness, no wound, is quick on the draw, and specification is big；Cultivation need not be put again after sufficient kind of leech is once put when starting
Leech seedling, kind leech voluntarily breed seedling in pond；
(3) feed
The water surface disposably launches 20~30 kilograms of spiral shells by its natural propagation per acre；It is per week to feed a fresh animal blood grumeleuse；
Saliferous is unable in fresh animal blood grumeleuse；
(4) daily management
Water is changed in holding, and water temperature is made to be maintained at 10~35 DEG C, keeps certain dissolved oxygen amount；Periodically use the drift of a ten thousandth mass concentration
Kalsomine full pool spilling head；
(5) anti-escape anti-evil
Surrounding in pond sets up the anti-leech flight of pore purse seine, while prevents its harmful organisms from entering leech pond injury leech；
(6) overwinter management
During into autumn water temperature drop to less than 10 DEG C, following two measures are taken：First, deepening water, prevent water freezes from freezing
Hinder leech；Second is that putting straw mat or maize straw in pond, pierced for leech overwintering；
(7) disease prevention
(a) regulating water quality keeps water quality pure and fresh and stablizes；(b) avoid damaging when catching leech；(c) water is changed in time, and water is dirty
Dye or high temperature season water temperature should change water when being higher than 30 DEG C, change the 1/3 of water with clean water source every time, and the temperature difference control for changing water exists
Within 3 DEG C；(d) putrid and deteriorated feed is not fed, removes surplus residual bait in time；
(8) leech harvests
The growth cycle of leech is 6 months, and seedling is put in early spring can harvest to October, and when harvesting bleeds off or drain water, is used
Close eye fine-structure mesh fishing.
2. a kind of cultural method of hiruto as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that around the rearing pool with it is brick into
Anti-escape ditch, 12 centimetres of furrow width, 8 centimetres of ditch depth.
3. a kind of cultural method of hiruto as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the rearing pool water pH value is
7.0。
4. a kind of cultural method of hiruto as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that raise water in the daily management
Temperature is maintained at 20~30 DEG C, 0.7 mg/litre of minimum oxygen capacity of water.
A kind of 5. cultural method of hiruto as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the fresh animal blood grumeleuse injected volume
By every 50 grams of 300 hirutos.
6. the cultural method of a kind of hiruto as described in one of claim 1 to 5, which is characterized in that the fresh animal blood coagulates
Block is fresh pig blood grumeleuse.
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| CN109845670A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2019-06-07 | 王政源 | It improves the method for the industrialization intensive culture hiruto of Hementaria officianalis cellulose content and temporarily supports box |
| CN112915106A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-06-08 | 张虎山 | Preparation and application of tumor immune microenvironment regulator |
| CN114699432A (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2022-07-05 | 广西蛭郎中生物科技有限公司 | Method for extracting hirudo manillensis anticoagulant crude product |
| CN117633490A (en) * | 2024-01-24 | 2024-03-01 | 贵州大学 | Data management system and method for analyzing sow reproductive efficiency |
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