CN108091903B - Fuel cell stack thermal management device, system and method - Google Patents
Fuel cell stack thermal management device, system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108091903B CN108091903B CN201810055532.3A CN201810055532A CN108091903B CN 108091903 B CN108091903 B CN 108091903B CN 201810055532 A CN201810055532 A CN 201810055532A CN 108091903 B CN108091903 B CN 108091903B
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 137
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 133
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002242 deionisation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
- H01M8/04723—Temperature of the coolant
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides a fuel cell stack thermal management device, a system and a method, wherein the device comprises: the pipeline mechanism penetrates through the fuel cell stack and is connected with the water tank, the radiator and the water pump, and is used for circularly cooling the cooling liquid discharged from the cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack and then transmitting the cooling liquid to the cooling liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack; the control mechanism is connected with the data acquisition device and is used for determining the temperature of the cooling liquid according to the temperature signal acquired by the data acquisition device, and controlling the opening of the needle valve according to the temperature signal so that the temperature of the cooling liquid is within a preset temperature range; the needle valve mechanism is arranged on a passage between the water pump and the radiator and is used for controlling the flow of the cooling liquid passing through the radiator according to the signal of the control mechanism. The pipeline mechanism comprises an exhaust pipeline which is respectively arranged on a passage of a cooling liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack and the water tank and a passage of the deionized tank and the water tank and is used for conveying bubbles in the cooling liquid in the pipeline mechanism to the water tank.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of thermal management of fuel cells, in particular to a thermal management device, a thermal management system and a thermal management method for a fuel cell stack.
Background
The power generation of the fuel cell (such as Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)) is rapidly stepped into the stage of industrial scale application with the momentum of rapid tracking, the power generation is a fourth generation power generation mode after the 21 st century is followed by thermal power, hydropower and nuclear power, the dynamic performance and the service life of the fuel cell are greatly affected by the air inlet humidity, the air inlet flow and the temperature, a large amount of heat generated in the working process needs to be dissipated, meanwhile, the larger the power is, the more the heat generated by the engine is, and a heat dissipation system meeting the heat dissipation requirement of the high-power engine needs to be designed;
therefore, development of an advanced high-power fuel cell engine test system is particularly important, and the potential of the PEMFC, which has the advantages of high efficiency, no pollution, short construction period, easy maintenance and low cost, induces a new energy and environmental protection green revolution, and nowadays, the PEMFC needs to be simultaneously started and operated in a low-temperature environment in winter. From the viewpoints of economy and system working quality, the damage of bubbles to the system is quite large, the working reliability of the system is seriously damaged, the heat conductivity coefficient is greatly reduced, and the cooling effect of the cooling liquid is seriously influenced. Causing vibration and noise of the system. When the pressure liquid flowing along with the bubbles flows from the local low pressure area to the high pressure area again, the bubbles collapse and disappear, and cavitation noise is generated along with the collapse and disappearance of the bubbles. Meanwhile, a large amount of bubbles collapse to cause local high pressure to cause larger pressure fluctuation, so that the system vibrates, and the working performance of the control element and the control element is further affected. In the test process, the original structure is found to cause a large amount of bubbles to appear at the inlet or outlet of the electric pile so as to cause turbulence or rotary nest in the pipeline, and the conditions of overhigh short-time temperature and larger temperature fluctuation occur due to the hysteresis of the opening degree of the thermostat.
Therefore, the establishment of a set of high-performance thermal management system has high practical significance for improving the working performance and prolonging the service life of the electric pile.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a fuel cell stack thermal management device, a system and a method, which realize the accurate control of the temperature of cooling liquid and the convenient exhaust of a stack thermal management system.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present application provides a fuel cell stack thermal management device comprising: a control mechanism, a needle valve mechanism and a pipeline mechanism,
the pipeline mechanism penetrates through the fuel cell stack and is connected with the water tank, the radiator and the water pump, and is used for circularly cooling the cooling liquid discharged from the cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack and then transmitting the cooling liquid to the cooling liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack;
the control mechanism is connected with the data acquisition device and is used for determining the temperature of the cooling liquid according to the temperature signal of the target area acquired by the data acquisition device, and controlling the opening of the needle valve according to the temperature signal of the target area so that the temperature of the cooling liquid is within a preset temperature range;
the needle valve mechanism is arranged on a passage between the water pump and the radiator, and a controlled end of the needle valve mechanism is connected with the control mechanism and used for controlling the flow of the cooling liquid passing through the radiator according to signals of the control mechanism.
Preferably, the pipe mechanism includes an exhaust pipe provided on a path of the coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack and the water tank and a path of the deionizing tank and the water tank, respectively, for transporting bubbles in the coolant in the pipe mechanism to the water tank.
Preferably, the control mechanism is further configured to determine a water pressure of the cooling liquid according to the pressure signal of the target area collected by the data collecting device, and control the rotation speed of the water pump according to the pressure signal of the target area so that the water pressure value of the cooling liquid is within a preset water pressure range.
Preferably, the data acquisition device comprises: a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor disposed at a coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack.
Preferably, the control mechanism is further configured to control the rotation speed of the fan according to the temperature signal of the target area so that the temperature of the cooling liquid is within a preset temperature range.
Preferably, the device further comprises: and the heating device is arranged on the passage of the water pump and the fuel cell stack, and the temperature signal of the target area of the control mechanism drives the heating device to heat the cooling liquid.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a thermal management system for a fuel cell stack, including: the fuel cell stack heat management device, the data acquisition device, the water tank, the radiator and the water pump are described above.
Preferably, the data acquisition device includes a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor disposed at a coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack.
Preferably, the system further comprises a deionized water tank, wherein a cooling liquid inlet of the deionized water tank is connected with a cooling liquid inlet of the radiator, and a cooling liquid outlet of the deionized water tank is connected with a cooling liquid inlet of the water tank.
In a third aspect, the present application also provides a method for thermal management of a fuel cell stack, comprising:
acquiring a temperature signal of a target area and determining the temperature of cooling liquid;
and controlling the opening degree of the needle valve according to the temperature signal of the target area so that the temperature of the cooling liquid is in a preset temperature range.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
collecting a pressure signal of a target area and determining the water pressure of the cooling liquid;
and controlling the rotating speed of the water pump according to the pressure signal of the target area so that the water pressure value of the cooling liquid is within a preset water pressure range.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
the cooling liquid is heated.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:
according to the technical scheme, the temperature of the cooling liquid can be accurately controlled, the electric pile thermal management system convenient for exhausting can be used for realizing low-temperature starting of the electric pile and accurate control of the cooling liquid, and is convenient for exhausting gas in a circulating pipeline and filling and replacing the cooling liquid.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a thermal management device for a fuel cell stack according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of thermal management of a fuel cell stack according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a thermal management system for a fuel cell stack according to an embodiment of the present application; the fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell stack 1, a temperature sensor 2, a pressure sensor 3, a filter 4, a water tank 5, a deionization tank 6, a radiator 7, a fan 8, a heating rod 9, an electronic three-way valve 10, a water pump 11, a hand valve 12, a water storage tank 13, an auxiliary temperature sensor 14, a water feeding pipe 15, a radiator exhaust pipeline 16 and an exhaust port 17 of the system, wherein the temperature sensor is a fuel cell stack;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a control strategy of a fan according to embodiment 6 of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantageous effects of the present application more apparent, the embodiments of the present application will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and features in the embodiments may be arbitrarily combined with each other.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present application provides a thermal management device for a fuel cell stack, including: a control mechanism, a needle valve mechanism and a pipeline mechanism,
the pipeline mechanism penetrates through the fuel cell stack and is connected with the water tank, the radiator and the water pump, and is used for circularly cooling the cooling liquid discharged from the cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack and then transmitting the cooling liquid to the cooling liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack;
the control mechanism is connected with the data acquisition device and is used for determining the temperature of the cooling liquid according to the temperature signal of the target area acquired by the data acquisition device, and controlling the opening of the needle valve according to the temperature signal of the target area so that the temperature of the cooling liquid is within a preset temperature range;
the needle valve mechanism is arranged on a passage between the water pump and the radiator, and a controlled end of the needle valve mechanism is connected with the control mechanism and used for controlling the flow of the cooling liquid passing through the radiator according to signals of the control mechanism.
Preferably, the pipe mechanism includes an exhaust pipe provided on a path of the coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack and the water tank and a path of the deionizing tank and the water tank, respectively, for transporting bubbles in the coolant in the pipe mechanism to the water tank.
Preferably, the control mechanism is further configured to determine a water pressure of the cooling liquid according to the pressure signal of the target area collected by the data collecting device, and control the rotation speed of the water pump according to the pressure signal of the target area so that the water pressure value of the cooling liquid is within a preset water pressure range.
Preferably, the data acquisition device comprises: a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor disposed at a coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack.
Preferably, the control mechanism is further configured to control the rotation speed of the fan according to the temperature signal of the target area so that the temperature of the cooling liquid is within a preset temperature range.
Preferably, the device further comprises: and the heating device is arranged on the passage of the water pump and the fuel cell stack, and the temperature signal of the target area of the control mechanism drives the heating device to heat the cooling liquid.
The embodiment of the application also provides a fuel cell stack thermal management system, which comprises: the fuel cell stack heat management device, the data acquisition device, the water tank, the radiator and the water pump are described above.
Preferably, the data acquisition device includes a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor disposed at a coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack.
Preferably, the system further comprises a deionized water tank, wherein a cooling liquid inlet of the deionized water tank is connected with a cooling liquid inlet of the radiator, and a cooling liquid outlet of the deionized water tank is connected with a cooling liquid inlet of the water tank.
As shown in fig. 2, an embodiment of the present application further provides a thermal management method for a fuel cell stack, including:
s1, acquiring a temperature signal of a target area and determining the temperature of cooling liquid;
s2, controlling the opening degree of the needle valve according to the temperature signal of the target area so that the temperature of the cooling liquid is in a preset temperature range.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
collecting a pressure signal of a target area and determining the water pressure of the cooling liquid;
and controlling the rotating speed of the water pump according to the pressure signal of the target area so that the water pressure value of the cooling liquid is within a preset water pressure range.
Preferably, the method further comprises: the cooling liquid is heated.
Example 1
This embodiment describes the operation of the cooling system for thermal management of the fuel cell stack with reference to fig. 3:
in the embodiment of the application, when the temperature of the cooling liquid is lower than the preset temperature range, the cooling liquid is discharged from the cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack, pressurized by the water pump, and subjected to heat absorption cooling from the cooling liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack through the needle valve mechanism. If there are bubbles in the coolant, when the coolant is circulated to the coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack, the bubbles are discharged from the exhaust pipe to the water tank and discharged from the exhaust port at the upper end of the water tank, which may be simply referred to as a small cycle.
When the temperature of the cooling liquid is in a preset temperature range, the cooling liquid is discharged from a cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack, pressurized by a water pump, passes through a needle valve mechanism, and controls the opening degree of the needle valve mechanism by a control mechanism, so that a part of the cooling liquid absorbs heat from a cooling liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack to cool the fuel cell stack; and cooling the other part of the cooling liquid through the radiator, and then carrying out heat absorption cooling on the fuel cell stack from a cooling liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack. If there are bubbles in the coolant, when the coolant circulates to the radiator, the bubbles are discharged from the exhaust pipeline of the radiator to the deionizing tank and then discharged from the exhaust port at the upper end of the water tank, after the gas in the pipeline is discharged, part of the coolant flows into the water tank through the deionizing tank, and is circulated and cooled at the coolant outlet of the fuel cell stack through the pipeline, and the process can be simply referred to as large circulation.
The higher the temperature of the coolant, the greater the opening of the needle valve mechanism is controlled by the control mechanism so that the flow rate of the coolant entering the radiator is increased until all the coolant enters the radiator. When all the cooling liquid passes through the radiator to cool down, the detected temperature of the cooling liquid is still higher than the preset temperature range, and the control mechanism controls the fan to be started and controls the rotating speed of the fan to cool down the cooling liquid further.
When the detected water pressure of the cooling liquid exceeds the preset water pressure range, the control mechanism adjusts the rotating speed of the water pump, so that the water pressure value of the cooling liquid meets the preset water pressure range.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 3, this embodiment illustrates a fuel cell stack thermal management system composition: comprising the following steps: the fuel cell stack 1, the radiator 7, the fan 8, the water pump 11, the electronic three-way valve 10, the deionizing tank 6, the water replenishing tank 5, the controller, the filter 4, the heating rod 9, the temperature sensor 2 and the pressure sensor 3. The electronic three-way valve 10 is used for adjusting the large circulation and the small circulation of the cooling flow path, the opening of the three-way valve 10 can be quickly changed according to the change of the water temperature, and compared with the prior art, the electronic three-way valve has the advantages that the overlarge fluctuation of the system temperature and the pressure caused by the reaction hysteresis of the traditional thermostat is avoided, and the damage to the inside of a pile caused by the overhigh water temperature is effectively avoided. The water replenishing tank 5 can be used for exhausting gas in the pipeline and filling deionized water from the exhaust pipeline 16, and is convenient and quick to operate. A heating rod 9 is arranged in the small circulation pipeline and is used for starting the galvanic pile in a low-temperature environment. The radiator 7 is used in parallel with the deionization tank 6, and the deionization tank 6 is connected in series in an exhaust line of the radiator 7. The cooling fan 8 can adjust the rotating speed in real time according to the temperature signal of the cooling liquid collected by the electric pile, so as to ensure that the electric pile is stabilized at the optimal working temperature, and the temperature difference between the inlet cooling liquid and the outlet cooling liquid of the electric pile is not more than 10 ℃ by controlling the rotating speed of the water pump to adjust the flow of the cooling liquid. The exhaust pipeline connecting channel water tank 5 is added at the inlet of the electric pile and at the two sides of the inlet and the outlet of the radiator 7, so that the difficult problem of difficult exhaust in the pipeline is solved. A switch hand valve 12 is arranged at the outlet of the electric pile, so that deionized water can be conveniently replaced. The embodiment has important significance for the development of the high-power fuel cell engine test platform, and the novel system has important influence on improving the performance and service life of the engine.
Example 3
This embodiment, in conjunction with fig. 3, the composition of the fuel cell stack thermal management system: comprising the following steps:
a galvanic pile 1;
and the exhaust pipeline comprises a small circulation condition and a large circulation condition and is connected with the water tank.
The deionization tank 6 is connected in parallel with the radiator 7 and is installed in an exhaust line of the radiator 7.
A water tank 5 installed at the top of the radiator 7 for filling deionized water and exhausting gas in the pipeline.
And the electronic three-way valve 10 is used for controlling the large circulation and the small circulation.
And a heating rod 9 installed in the small circulation waterway for cold start.
The fan 8 is controlled by a PMW (pulse width modulation ) signal, and can be continuously variable in accordance with a change in the temperature of water.
And the controller is used for receiving signals of the sensors and controlling the fan 8, the electronic three-way valve 10 and the water pump 11.
A hand valve 12 installed at the lowest point between the stack outlet and the water pump 11.
The thermal management system also comprises a temperature sensor 2 and a pressure sensor 3 at the inlet of the electric pile, and an auxiliary temperature sensor 14 at the outlet of the electric pile, so that the temperature difference of cooling liquid at the inlet and outlet of the electric pile is ensured not to exceed 10 ℃, and the pressure of the cooling liquid at the inlet of the electric pile is ensured not to exceed 170kPa.
The temperature sensors 2, 14 and the pressure sensor 3 feed back the acquired temperature and pressure values to the controller.
The controller outputs PWM signals to control the rotation speed of the fan 8 according to the obtained temperature and pressure values, and simultaneously controls the opening of the electronic three-way valve 10 and the rotation speed of the water pump 11.
The heating rod 9 is used during low-temperature starting, the electronic three-way valve 10 is automatically switched to small circulation during use, and the galvanic pile can be started after the temperature of the cooling liquid rises to more than 0 ℃.
The top of the water tank 5 is of an open structure, deionized water is filled from the open top, the deionized water flows to the inlet of the water pump 11 along a pipeline, and the electronic three-way valve 10 is switched to a large circulation mode in the filling process. The radiator is ensured to be filled with deionized water until the height of the deionized water is higher than the highest position of the radiator 7.
The hand valve 12 can be opened manually, and deionized water in the system can be conveniently discharged.
Example 4
This embodiment, in conjunction with the illustration of fig. 3, illustrates a thermal management system comprising:
radiator 7, fan 8 and be located radiator 7 water tank 5 at top, deionized jar 6 is installed in radiator 7's exhaust pipe, and water tank 5 is connected with the blast pipe in the pipeline, and water tank 5 bottom still has the pipeline to be connected with water pump 11 water inlet simultaneously and is used for supplying water for the system. An exhaust pipeline is arranged at the inlet of the electric pile for the gas in the pipeline during small circulation, and the exhaust pipelines are also arranged at the two ends of the radiator 7 for the gas in the pipeline during large circulation. The electronic three-way valve 10 controls the large circulation and the small circulation, and the heating rod 9 is arranged in the small circulation loop and used for heating the cooling liquid during low-temperature starting. And the controller is used for collecting signals of the temperature sensor 2 and the pressure sensor 3, controlling the rotating speeds of the fan 8 and the water pump 11 according to the collected signals, and opening the electronic three-way valve 10 and opening and closing the heating rod 9.
Further, the thermal management system is provided with a hand valve 12, the hand valve 12 is arranged at the lowest point of the pile outlet, and deionized water in the system can be conveniently and quickly replaced by manual opening and is collected by a water storage tank.
Further, the electronic three-way valve 10 controls the opening degree according to the temperature change, the opening temperature of the big and small circulation is 60 ℃, when the temperature reaches 60 ℃, the electronic three-way valve is gradually opened, the opening degree is larger as the temperature is higher, when the temperature is higher than 65 ℃, the opening degree is 100%, and the cooling liquid is entirely radiated through the radiator 7 of the big circulation.
Further, the water tank 5 is installed at the upper part of the radiator 7, and the exhaust pipeline of the radiator 7 is connected with the water tank, and the exhaust pipe in small circulation is also connected with the radiator, so that bubbles are prevented from being remained at the inlet of the electric pile.
Further, a pipeline is arranged at the bottom of the water tank 5 and connected with a pipeline at the outlet of the electric pile, and cooling liquid flows into the pipeline after being filled into the water tank 5 and plays a role in supplementing water.
Further, the two ends of the radiator 7 are respectively provided with an exhaust pipeline connected with the deionizing tank 6.
Furthermore, the cooling liquid is deionized water, so that the conductivity is low, and the insulativity of the system is improved.
Further, the deionized water tank 6 is installed in the exhaust pipeline of the radiator 7 to purify the generated ions in the working process, so as to prevent the performance attenuation of the fuel cell system caused by the reduced insulativity, thereby prolonging the service life of the fuel cell system
Further, the electric heater started at low temperature can start the electric pile after heating the cooling liquid to above zero.
Further, the controller is connected with the temperature sensor 2 and the pressure sensor 3, and receives the temperature value and the pressure value acquired by the sensors.
Further, the controller is connected with the fan 8, the electronic three-way valve 10, the water pump 11 and the heater 9, and controls the rotating speed of the fan 8, the flow rate of the cooling liquid, the opening of the electronic three-way valve 10 and the power of the heating rod 9 according to the temperature and the pressure of the cooling liquid.
Further, the thermal management system fails, the electronic three-way valve 10 is automatically switched to the large circulation, the fan 8 runs at full speed, and the temperature of the cooling liquid is ensured not to exceed the standard.
Example 5
As shown in fig. 3, the present embodiment provides a fuel cell stack thermal management system including a stack 1, a fan 8, a radiator 7, a deionizing tank 6, a water pump 11, an electronic three-way valve 10, a filter 4, a water tank 5, a hand valve 12, a controller, a heating rod 9, and the like. The whole set of thermal management system is controlled by the controller in a full-automatic way.
Two temperature sensors 2, 14 are installed in the cooling pipeline, and are respectively installed at the inlet and the outlet of the electric pile. At the same time, a pressure sensor 3 is installed at the inlet of the pile for detecting the pressure of the coolant entering the pile.
The cooling liquid is deionized water, and is filled into the system through the water tank 5 until the whole system is filled with the deionized water, and the water level is higher than the top of the radiator and cannot be higher than the exhaust port 17 connected with the pipeline.
The electronic three-way valve 10 plays a role of a thermostat, when the temperature of the cooling liquid reaches 60 ℃, the three-way valve 10 starts to be opened, the opening gradually becomes larger along with the rising of the temperature, and when the temperature reaches 65 ℃, the three-way valve is fully opened, and the cooling liquid fully passes through the radiator 7.
The whole system is provided with two exhaust ports, the first exhaust port is arranged at the inlet of the electric pile, the second exhaust port 16 is arranged at two ends of the radiator 7, and the air outlets are connected with the water tank 5. When the small cycle is open, the gas in the line is vented to the tank through the first vent and then out through the opening in the top of tank 5. When the large circulation is opened, the gas in the pipeline is discharged into the water tank 5 through the second exhaust port 16 and then discharged through the opening 17 at the top of the water tank.
The deionized tank 6 is connected with the radiator 7 in parallel and is connected in series in an exhaust pipeline, when the gas in the pipeline is exhausted, part of cooling liquid flows into the water tank through the deionized tank 6, and is supplied to the cooling system through the pipeline, so that the purpose of reducing the conductivity of the system is achieved.
The electric heating rod 9 is arranged in a small circulation pipeline of the system and is used for heating the electric pile before starting in a low-temperature environment. When the controller monitors that the signal of the temperature sensor 2 reaches zero degree, the heating start-up pile can be stopped.
The thermal management system is automatically controlled by the controller:
after receiving the temperature signal of the temperature sensor 2, the controller controls the heating time and the heating power of the heating rod 9, and heating is stopped until the water temperature is higher than zero.
After receiving the temperature signal of the temperature sensor 2, the controller controls the opening of the electronic three-way valve 10, the three-way valve 10 with the water temperature higher than 60 ℃ starts to open, and after the water temperature reaches 65 ℃, the three-way valve 10 is fully opened, and the cooling liquid fully passes through the radiator 7.
After receiving the temperature signal of the temperature sensor 2, the controller outputs a PWM signal to carry out stepless speed regulation on the fan 8, and the temperature of the cooling liquid is controlled within 70 ℃.
The system is filled with cooling liquid through a water tank 5 before cooling. After the cooling is completed, the cooling liquid is discharged through the hand valve 12.
Example 6
The control strategy of the fan is shown in fig. 4, in this embodiment, after all the cooling liquid passes through the radiator to cool, the temperature of the cooling liquid is still higher than the preset temperature range, the control mechanism controls the fan to be turned on and controls the rotation speed of the fan to cool the cooling liquid further, or after the power supply is started, the fan is always turned on, and the control mechanism controls and adjusts the rotation speed of the fan according to the temperature of the cooling liquid.
The control process of the fan of this embodiment is as follows:
powering on;
judging whether the fan protection voltage limit exists, and when the fan protection voltage limit exists, performing PMW control by a control mechanism, so that the speed can be changed continuously according to the temperature change of the cooling liquid;
when the fuel cell stack is not present, it is judged whether the fuel cell stack is operated,
when the electric pile is operated, comparing the measured temperature of the cooling liquid in the target area with the fan starting temperature, when the temperature of the cooling liquid is higher than the fan starting temperature, determining the rotating speed of the fan according to the temperature of the cooling liquid by the control mechanism, and when the sensor is determined to be faulty, operating at full speed;
when the pile is not running, the rotating speed of the fan is determined according to the preset pile protection temperature after shutdown, and when the sensor is determined to be faulty, the fan runs at full speed.
Although the embodiments of the present application are described above, the present application is not limited to the embodiments adopted for the purpose of facilitating understanding of the technical aspects of the present application. Any person skilled in the art can make any modification and variation in form and detail without departing from the core technical solution disclosed in the present application, but the scope of protection defined by the present application is still subject to the scope defined by the appended claims.
Claims (11)
1. A fuel cell stack thermal management apparatus, comprising: a control mechanism, a needle valve mechanism and a pipeline mechanism,
the pipeline mechanism penetrates through the fuel cell stack and is connected with the water tank, the radiator and the water pump, and is used for circularly cooling the cooling liquid discharged from the cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack and then transmitting the cooling liquid to the cooling liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack;
the control mechanism is connected with the data acquisition device and is used for determining the temperature of the cooling liquid according to the temperature signal of the target area acquired by the data acquisition device, and controlling the opening of the needle valve according to the temperature signal of the target area so that the temperature of the cooling liquid is within a preset temperature range;
the control mechanism is used for controlling the opening degree of the needle valve mechanism to ensure that the flow rate of the cooling liquid entering the radiator is larger until all the cooling liquid enters the radiator; when all the cooling liquid passes through the radiator to cool down, the detected temperature of the cooling liquid is still higher than the preset temperature range, and the control mechanism controls the fan to be started and controls the rotating speed of the fan to cool down the cooling liquid further.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the pipeline mechanism comprises an exhaust pipeline which is respectively arranged on a passage of a cooling liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack and the water tank and a passage of the deionized tank and the water tank and is used for conveying bubbles in the cooling liquid in the pipeline mechanism to the water tank.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein: the control mechanism is also used for determining the water pressure of the cooling liquid according to the pressure signal of the target area acquired by the data acquisition device, and controlling the rotating speed of the water pump according to the pressure signal of the target area so that the water pressure value of the cooling liquid is within a preset water pressure range.
4. A device as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the data acquisition device comprises: a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor disposed at a coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: further comprises: and the heating device is arranged on the passage of the water pump and the fuel cell stack, and the temperature signal of the target area of the control mechanism drives the heating device to heat the cooling liquid.
6. A fuel cell stack thermal management system, comprising: the fuel cell stack thermal management device, data acquisition device, water tank, heat sink, and water pump of any one of claims 1 to 5.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein: the data acquisition device comprises a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor which are arranged at the cooling liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack.
8. The system of claim 6, wherein: the device further comprises a deionized water tank, wherein a cooling liquid inlet of the deionized water tank is connected with a cooling liquid inlet of the radiator, and a cooling liquid outlet of the deionized water tank is connected with a cooling liquid inlet of the water tank.
9. A fuel cell stack thermal management method applied to the fuel cell stack thermal management device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising:
acquiring a temperature signal of a target area and determining the temperature of cooling liquid;
controlling the opening of the needle valve according to the temperature signal of the target area so that the temperature of the cooling liquid is within a preset temperature range, wherein the controlling the opening of the needle valve according to the temperature signal of the target area comprises the following steps: the control mechanism controls the opening degree of the needle valve mechanism to ensure that the flow rate of the cooling liquid entering the radiator is larger as the temperature of the cooling liquid is higher until all the cooling liquid enters the radiator; when all the cooling liquid passes through the radiator to cool down, the detected temperature of the cooling liquid is still higher than the preset temperature range, and the control mechanism controls the fan to be started and controls the rotating speed of the fan to cool down the cooling liquid further.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein: further comprises:
collecting a pressure signal of a target area and determining the water pressure of the cooling liquid;
and controlling the rotating speed of the water pump according to the pressure signal of the target area so that the water pressure value of the cooling liquid is within a preset water pressure range.
11. The method of claim 9, wherein: further comprises:
the cooling liquid is heated.
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| CN201810055532.3A CN108091903B (en) | 2018-01-19 | 2018-01-19 | Fuel cell stack thermal management device, system and method |
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| CN201810055532.3A CN108091903B (en) | 2018-01-19 | 2018-01-19 | Fuel cell stack thermal management device, system and method |
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| CN109473697B (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2020-12-15 | 中山大洋电机股份有限公司 | Cooling circulation system of fuel cell |
| CN110706752B (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2022-03-25 | 华中科技大学 | Solid oxide fuel cell system multi-modal analysis model modeling method |
| CN112909308A (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2021-06-04 | 郑州宇通客车股份有限公司 | Temperature control method of fuel cell |
| CN111082107B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-08-20 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Thermal management method and related device |
| CN113451611A (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2021-09-28 | 未势能源科技有限公司 | Cooling system of fuel cell, fuel cell assembly and vehicle |
| CN111834647A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-10-27 | 湖北德普电气股份有限公司 | Water heat management system of hydrogen fuel cell engine system |
| CN114639844A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2022-06-17 | 宝能汽车集团有限公司 | Fuel cell cooling system and exhaust control method thereof |
| CN114725427B (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2024-06-07 | 未势能源科技有限公司 | Fuel cell temperature control device, fuel cell system and vehicle |
| CN115020745B (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2023-09-01 | 宇通客车股份有限公司 | Fuel cell system, and method and device for filling cooling liquid for fuel cell |
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