CN111446467B - Fuel cell cogeneration system and control method thereof - Google Patents
Fuel cell cogeneration system and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111446467B CN111446467B CN202010227314.0A CN202010227314A CN111446467B CN 111446467 B CN111446467 B CN 111446467B CN 202010227314 A CN202010227314 A CN 202010227314A CN 111446467 B CN111446467 B CN 111446467B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04052—Storage of heat in the fuel cell system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
- H01M8/04723—Temperature of the coolant
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fuel cell cogeneration system and a control method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of fuel cell cogeneration. The fuel cell cogeneration system comprises a control module, a galvanic pile, a first power device, a reversing device, a heat exchange device, a heat dissipation device, a second power device and a heat storage device. The fuel cell cogeneration control system is provided with three liquid paths, namely a heat exchange liquid path, a heat dissipation liquid path and a heat storage liquid path, so that the heat storage liquid path and the heat exchange liquid path generate heat exchange, the heat dissipation liquid path dissipates heat to cooling liquid, and the flow rates of the heat exchange liquid path and the heat dissipation liquid path are regulated in a closed loop manner through a reversing device, so that the fine control of the piling temperature of the cooling liquid is realized, and the accuracy and the stability of the control of the piling temperature are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a fuel cell cogeneration technology, and more particularly, to a fuel cell cogeneration system and a control method thereof.
Background
The fuel cell adopts the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to generate electricity, and generates heat in the electricity generation process, wherein the electricity generation is performed in a galvanic pile, and the generated heat is carried out of the galvanic pile through a medium. The electric efficiency of the fuel cell ranges from 35% to 55%, and if the rest heat energy can be recovered through a proper heat exchange mode, the total efficiency of the fuel cell can be improved; the system combining the fuel cell and the heat exchange mode is the fuel cell cogeneration system.
The fuel cell has higher requirements on the operating temperature, and the control mode, the heat exchange mode and the combined control mode of the fuel cell affect the accuracy and the stability of the operating temperature of the fuel cell. In the prior art, heat energy is recovered by arranging a heat storage device and a heat exchanger, so that the heat storage device and a fuel cell exchange heat with a medium of the fuel cell at the heat exchanger, and the temperature of the fuel cell entering a stack is regulated and controlled by regulating the flow and the flow velocity of heat storage water in the heat storage device, however, the temperature of the heat storage water before and after heat exchange is greatly influenced by the flow, and the accuracy and the stability of controlling the temperature of the entering the stack are poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a fuel cell cogeneration system and a control method thereof.
The invention solves the technical problems by the following technical proposal:
the fuel cell cogeneration system is characterized by comprising a control module, a galvanic pile, a first power device, a reversing device, a heat exchange device, a heat dissipation device, a heat storage device and a second power device; the electric pile comprises a pile inlet and a pile outlet;
the pile outlet, the first power device, the reversing device, the heat exchange device and the pile inlet are sequentially communicated to form a heat exchange liquid path for cooling liquid heat exchange;
the pile outlet, the first power device, the reversing device, the heat dissipation device and the pile inlet are sequentially communicated to form a heat dissipation liquid path for dissipating heat of cooling liquid;
the cold end of the heat storage device, the second power device, the heat exchange device and the hot end of the heat storage device are sequentially communicated to form a heat storage liquid path for heat exchange between the heat storage water and the heat exchange liquid path;
the control module is used for adjusting the mixing proportion closed-loop control cooling liquid entering the pile inlet through the reversing device, wherein the mixing proportion closed-loop control cooling liquid is used for adjusting the pile inlet temperature when cooling water in the heat exchange liquid path and the cooling liquid path enters the pile inlet.
In this scheme, set up two cooling liquid circulation in order to the return circuit of its control by temperature change liquid way and radiating liquid way to fuel cell part, these two liquid ways all can realize the control by temperature change to the coolant liquid, adjust the flow of heat exchange liquid way and radiating liquid way through the switching-over device closed loop, realize the fine control to the income heap temperature of coolant liquid to improved the accuracy and the stability of the control of income heap temperature.
Preferably, the reversing device comprises a three-way regulating valve, and the control module is specifically used for controlling the mixing proportion of the cooling liquid in the two liquid paths when the heat dissipation liquid path and the heat exchange liquid path run simultaneously by regulating the opening degree of the three-way regulating valve; when the opening of the three-way regulating valve is 0%, the heat exchange liquid path is completely opened, and the heat dissipation liquid path is closed; when the opening of the three-way regulating valve is 100%, the heat exchange liquid path is closed, and the heat dissipation liquid path is completely opened.
Preferably, the heat dissipating device includes a heat dissipating fan for dissipating heat from the coolant; the control module is also used for controlling the temperature of the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid path by adjusting the rotating speed of the cooling fan.
Preferably, the fuel cell cogeneration system further comprises a hydrogen device, an air device and an inverter; the control module is also used for controlling the hydrogen device to supply hydrogen to the electric pile, controlling the air device to supply air to the electric pile and controlling the inverter to feed the electric quantity generated by the electric pile back to the power grid.
A control method of a fuel cell cogeneration system, characterized in that the control method is used for controlling the fuel cell cogeneration system as described above;
the control method comprises the following steps:
s10, controlling the heat exchange liquid path, the heat dissipation liquid path and the heat storage liquid path to operate;
s20, controlling the stacking temperature to be within a target temperature range by adjusting the mixing proportion of the cooling liquid in the heat exchange liquid path and the cooling liquid path in a closed loop.
Preferably, the reversing device comprises a three-way regulating valve, and the control module is specifically used for controlling the mixing proportion of the cooling liquid in the two liquid paths when the heat dissipation liquid path and the heat exchange liquid path run simultaneously by regulating the opening degree of the three-way regulating valve; when the opening of the three-way regulating valve is 0%, the heat exchange liquid path is completely opened, and the heat dissipation liquid path is closed; when the opening of the three-way regulating valve is 100%, the heat exchange liquid path is closed, and the heat dissipation liquid path is completely opened;
the step S20 specifically includes the following steps:
s21, adjusting the opening degree of the three-way regulating valve through PID to control the stacking temperature to be in the target temperature range.
Preferably, in step S21, the electric stack is also controlled to operate at the first power.
Preferably, the heat dissipating device includes a heat dissipating fan for dissipating heat from the coolant; the control module is also used for controlling the temperature of the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid path by adjusting the rotating speed of the cooling fan;
the control method further includes the following steps after step S20:
s30, regulating the rotating speed of the cooling fan through PID, and controlling the stacking temperature to be within the target temperature range.
Preferably, in step S30, the electric stack is also controlled to operate at said first power.
Preferably, the following steps are further included between step S21 and step S30:
s22, judging whether the stacking temperature is greater than a first temperature threshold value, and judging whether the opening degree of the three-way regulating valve is greater than the first opening degree threshold value, if so, executing the step S30, otherwise, repeating the step S22.
Preferably, the control method further includes the following steps before step S10:
s09, controlling the heat exchange liquid path and the heat storage liquid path to operate, and controlling the stacking temperature to be within the target temperature range by adjusting the flow of the heat storage liquid path.
Preferably, step S09 specifically includes:
s091, controlling the opening of the three-way regulating valve to be 0% and controlling the first power device to operate;
s092, controlling the second power device to operate, and controlling the stacking temperature to be within the target temperature range by adjusting the rotating speed of the second power device through PID.
Preferably, the following steps are further included between the step S091 and the step S092:
s0911, controlling the first power device to operate at a first rotating speed, and controlling the electric pile to operate at a second power, wherein the second power is larger than the first power.
Preferably, step S09 further includes the following steps after step S092:
s093, judging whether the stacking temperature of the cooling liquid is greater than the first temperature threshold value, and whether the water temperature of the hot water is greater than the second temperature threshold value, if so, executing the step S10, otherwise, returning to the step S092; wherein the first temperature threshold is greater than the second temperature threshold.
Preferably, the control method further includes the following steps after step S30:
s40, judging whether the water temperature of the stored water is smaller than a third temperature threshold value, if yes, returning to the step S092, otherwise, executing the step S50; wherein the third temperature threshold is less than the second temperature threshold;
s50, judging whether a shutdown instruction exists, if so, closing the electric pile, otherwise, returning to the step S30.
Preferably, the control method further includes the following steps before step S09:
s081, judging whether the stacking temperature of cooling water is smaller than the lowest temperature of the target temperature range, if yes, executing step S082, otherwise, executing step S091;
s082, controlling the opening of the three-way regulating valve to be 0% and controlling the heat storage liquid path to be closed;
s083, controlling the first power device to operate at a second rotating speed, enabling the electric pile to operate at a third power, and returning to the step S081; wherein the second rotational speed is less than the first rotational speed and the third power is less than the first power.
Preferably, the control method further includes the following step before step S08:
s071, receiving a starting instruction;
and S072, judging whether the temperature of the stored water is lower than the third temperature threshold, if so, starting the galvanic pile and then executing the step S081, otherwise, returning to the step S071.
Preferably, the fuel cell cogeneration system further comprises a hydrogen device, an air device and an inverter; the control module is also used for controlling the hydrogen device to supply hydrogen to the electric pile, controlling the air device to supply air to the electric pile and controlling the inverter to feed the electric quantity generated by the electric pile back to a power grid;
the starting pile comprises the following steps:
s073, controlling the hydrogen device to supply hydrogen to the galvanic pile, and controlling the air device to supply air to the galvanic pile;
s074, judging whether the voltage of the electric pile is established, if so, controlling the inverter to feed the electric quantity back to the power grid, otherwise, returning to the step S073.
On the basis of conforming to the common knowledge in the field, the above preferred conditions can be arbitrarily combined to obtain the preferred examples of the invention.
The invention has the positive progress effects that:
in the invention, the fuel cell cogeneration system is provided with three liquid paths of the heat exchange liquid path, the heat dissipation liquid path and the heat storage liquid path, and the flow rates of the heat exchange liquid path and the heat dissipation liquid path are regulated in a closed loop manner through the reversing device, so that the fine control of the stacking temperature of the cooling liquid is realized, and the accuracy and the stability of the control of the stacking temperature are improved.
The control method of the fuel cell cogeneration control system realizes accurate control of the temperature of the reactor by adjusting the flow of cooling liquid in the heat exchange liquid path and the heat dissipation liquid path in a closed loop, thereby improving the accuracy and the stability of the control of the temperature of the reactor.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell cogeneration system according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic air circuit diagram of an air device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of a fuel cell cogeneration system according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 is a flowchart of a control method of the fuel cell cogeneration system according to an embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
galvanic pile 10
Pile inlet 101
Stack outlet 102
First power plant 20
Reversing device 30
First water inlet 301
First water outlet 302
Second water outlet 303
Heat exchanging device 40
Heat sink 50
Second power unit 60
Heat storage device 70
Control module 80
Hydrogen device 90
Hydrogen storage tank 901
Pressure reducing proportional valve 902
Hydrogen circulation pump 903
Hydrogen tail gas discharge valve 904
Air device 100
Air compressor 1001
Humidifier 1002
Inverter 110
Temperature sensor 120
Heat storage module 130
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by way of the following examples, which are not, therefore, to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-4, an embodiment of the present invention provides a cogeneration system for a fuel cell, which recovers heat generated in a power generation process of the fuel cell to realize cogeneration.
The fuel cell cogeneration system comprises a control module 80, a galvanic pile 10, a first power device 20, a reversing device 30, a heat exchange device 40, a heat dissipation device 50, a second power device 60 and a heat storage device 70, wherein the galvanic pile 10 comprises a pile inlet 101 and a pile outlet 102.
The electric pile 10 has a cooling liquid, which is used for absorbing and carrying out heat generated by the operation of the electric pile 10, and the cooling liquid naturally dissipates heat, exchanges heat and/or dissipates heat outside the electric pile 10 and then flows back into the electric pile 10, wherein the cooling liquid flows in through a pile inlet 101 of the electric pile 10, and the cooling liquid flows out through a pile outlet 102 of the electric pile 10. Controlling the temperature of the cooling fluid entering the inlet 101 within a suitable range ensures that the stack 10 operates at a preferred ambient temperature, which may be measured by the temperature sensor 120 and fed back to the control module 80.
The first power unit 20 provides power for circulation of the cooling fluid, and is preferably arranged near the stack inlet 101 of the electric stack 10 so as to draw the cooling fluid out of the electric stack 10; the start and stop of the first power plant 20 is controlled via a control module 80.
The reversing device 30 is used for switching the liquid path and regulating the flow in the liquid path, and the action of the reversing device 30 is controlled by the control module 80.
The heat exchange device 40 is used for exchanging heat between the cooling liquid and the heat storage water in the heat storage module 130 so as to realize temperature control of the cooling liquid and/or the heat storage water; indeed, when only one of the cooling fluid and the stored hot water is involved in the circulation and flows through the heat exchange device 40, the heat exchange device 40 serves only as a circulation channel; the start and stop of the heat exchange device 40 is controlled by a control module 80.
The heat sink 50 is used for diffusing heat of the cooling liquid to the outside to cool the cooling liquid; the start and stop of the heat sink 50 is controlled via the control module 80. The heat dissipating device 50 and the heat exchanging device 40 are arranged in parallel; the control module 80 controls the operation of at least one of the heat sink 50 and the heat exchange device 40 via the reversing device 30.
The heat storage device 70 is used for accommodating the hot water. The heat storage water flows out of the heat storage device 70, exchanges heat with the coolant at the heat exchange device 40, and flows into the heat storage device 70. The heat storage device 70 is connected to a user side to replenish water for the user and to a municipal water supply system to replenish water from time to time.
The second power device 60 is used for providing power for circulating the hot water, and preferably the second power device 60 is arranged at a position close to the water outlet end of the heat storage device 70; the start and stop of the second power plant 60 is controlled via a control module 80.
The control module 80 employs, for example, an ECU (electronic control unit).
In this embodiment, the fuel cell cogeneration system forms three liquid paths through the electric pile 10, the first power unit 20, the reversing device 30, the heat exchange device 40, the heat dissipation device 50, the heat storage device 70 and the second power unit 60, respectively:
a heat exchange liquid path for exchanging heat of the cooling liquid, which is formed by sequentially communicating the stack outlet 102, the first power device 20, the reversing device 30, the heat exchange device 40 and the stack inlet 101;
a heat dissipation liquid path for dissipating heat of the cooling liquid, which is formed by sequentially communicating the stack outlet 102, the first power device 20, the reversing device 30, the heat dissipation device 50 and the stack inlet 101; the method comprises the steps of,
the cold end of the heat storage device 70, the second power device 60, the heat exchange device 40 and the hot end of the heat storage device 70 are sequentially communicated to form a heat storage liquid path for heat exchange between the heat storage water and the heat exchange liquid path.
The heat exchange liquid path and the heat dissipation liquid path can cool the cooling liquid; when the heat exchange liquid path is used for cooling the cooling liquid, the heat exchange liquid path is based on heat exchange with the hot water, and simultaneously realizes the effect of heating the hot water so as to realize cooling of the cooling liquid, and the cooling range of the cooling liquid is relatively smaller; the heat dissipation liquid path is used for diffusing heat energy of the cooling liquid to the outside, and the cooling amplitude of the heat dissipation liquid path on the cooling liquid is relatively large. In other words, when the heat exchange liquid path is used for cooling the cooling liquid, the cooling effect of the heat exchange liquid path and the cooling liquid path on the same cooling liquid is different based on different working modes.
The heat exchange liquid path and the heat dissipation liquid path can both operate independently or simultaneously. When the two liquid paths are operated simultaneously, the control module 80 adjusts the mixing proportion of the cooling water in the two liquid paths through the reversing device 30 to carry out closed-loop control on the stacking temperature of the cooling liquid.
As can be seen from the above, the fuel cell cogeneration system of the embodiment of the invention is provided with the heat exchange liquid path, the heat dissipation liquid path and the heat storage liquid path, and the flow rates of the heat exchange liquid path and the heat dissipation liquid path are regulated in a closed loop manner through the reversing device 30, so that the fine control of the stacking temperature of the cooling liquid is realized, and the accuracy and the stability of the control of the stacking temperature are improved.
With continued reference to fig. 1, in the example of the present invention, the reversing device 30 includes a three-way regulating valve, and the control module 80 is specifically configured to control the mixing ratio of the cooling liquid in the two liquid paths when the heat dissipating liquid path and the heat exchanging liquid path operate simultaneously by adjusting the opening of the three-way regulating valve; when the opening of the three-way regulating valve is 0%, the heat exchange liquid path is completely opened, and the heat dissipation liquid path is completely closed; when the opening of the three-way regulating valve is 100%, the heat exchange liquid path is closed, and the heat dissipation liquid path is completely opened.
The three-way regulating valve comprises a first water inlet, a first water outlet 302 and a second water outlet 303, wherein the first water inlet is communicated with the first power device 20, the first water outlet 302 is communicated with the heat exchange device 40, and the second water outlet 303 is communicated with the heat dissipation device 50; when the opening of the three-way regulating valve is 0%, the first water outlet 302 is completely communicated with the first water inlet, and when the opening of the three-way regulating valve is 100%, the second water outlet 303 is completely communicated with the first water inlet; when the opening degree of the three-way regulating valve is between 0% and 100% (excluding the end point value), the first water outlet 302 is partially communicated with the first water inlet, and the second water outlet 303 is partially communicated with the first water inlet; the opening degree of the three-way regulating valve is inversely proportional to the flow rate of the coolant flowing to the heat exchanging device 40 and directly proportional to the flow rate of the coolant flowing to the heat dissipating device 50.
With continued reference to fig. 1, in an example of the present invention, the heat dissipating device 50 includes a heat dissipating fan for dissipating heat from the coolant; the control module 80 is further configured to control the temperature of the cooling fluid in the cooling fluid path by adjusting the rotational speed of the cooling fan.
Wherein, the control module 80 preferably controls the rotation speed of the cooling fan in a closed loop manner to regulate the temperature of the cooling liquid.
With continued reference to fig. 2-4, in an example of the present invention, the fuel cell cogeneration system further comprises a hydrogen plant 90, an air plant 100, and an inverter 110; the control module 80 is further used for controlling the hydrogen device 90 to supply hydrogen to the electric pile 10, controlling the air device 100 to supply air to the electric pile 10, and controlling the inverter 110 to feed back the electric quantity generated by the electric pile 10 to the power grid.
As shown in fig. 2, the hydrogen device 90 includes a hydrogen storage tank 901, a pressure reducing proportional valve 902, a hydrogen circulation pump 903, and a hydrogen tail discharge valve 904. The hydrogen storage tank 901 stores hydrogen gas therein; the control module 80 regulates the supply amount of hydrogen entering the stack 10 through the pressure reducing proportional valve 902; the hydrogen gas with excessive reaction in the electric pile 10 is discharged out of the electric pile 10 and then is discharged out of the fuel cell cogeneration system through a hydrogen tail discharge valve 904, or is pumped into the electric pile 10 again through a hydrogen circulating pump 903 for recycling.
As shown in fig. 3, the air device 100 includes an air compressor 1001 and a humidifier 1002, and air is compressed by the air compressor 1001, enters the humidifier 1002 to be adjusted to a humidity suitable for the operation of the stack 10, and then enters the stack 10. The air in the stack 10 with excessive reaction can be returned to the humidifier 1002 to regulate the humidity for reuse, and in addition, the humidifier 1002 can also have other interfaces for connecting with external structures.
As shown in fig. 4, the control of the hydrogen device 90, the air device 100, the DC/AC (inverter 110) and the heat storage module 130 is realized by the electric pile 10 module, wherein the heat storage module 130 is understood as a generic term for the parts of the heat storage part, and the heat storage module 130 may have different divisions under different standards, for example, in the example shown in fig. 4, the heat storage module 130 includes the heat storage device 70 and the second power device 60 described above.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a control method of the fuel cell cogeneration system, which is used for controlling the fuel cell cogeneration control system related to any example.
Referring to fig. 1-5, the control method includes the steps of:
s071, receiving a starting instruction; the starting-up instruction is sent out by the user side, for example, the action of opening the water heater by the user triggers the starting-up instruction;
s072, judging whether the temperature of the stored water is lower than a third temperature threshold value, if so, starting the electric pile 10 and then executing a step S081, otherwise, returning to the step S071; the third temperature threshold is preset in the control module 80, and the stored hot water at the third temperature threshold meets the heat consumption requirement of the user to a certain extent, for example, the third temperature threshold is 45 ℃ for example;
wherein, the starting up of the stack 10 comprises the steps of:
s073, controlling the hydrogen device 90 to supply hydrogen to the electric pile 10, and controlling the air device 100 to supply air to the electric pile 10;
s074, determining whether the voltage of the electric pile 10 is established, if yes, controlling the inverter 110 to feed back the electric quantity to the power grid, otherwise returning to step S073, in other words, controlling the hydrogen device 90 and the air device 100 to stop supplying the corresponding gas to the electric pile 10 until the voltage of the electric pile 10 is established.
With continued reference to fig. 5, after the inverter 110 generates the power and feeds the network, the following steps are continued:
s081, judging whether the stacking temperature of the cooling water is smaller than the lowest temperature of the target temperature range, if yes, executing step S082, otherwise, executing step S091; the target temperature range is set according to the requirement of the electric pile 10 on the operation temperature, and the electric pile 10 has relatively high operation efficiency in a certain temperature range, namely the target temperature range; it should be noted that the target temperature range differs according to the stack 10, for example, in one example, the target temperature range is 59 ℃ to 61 ℃, and in another example, the target temperature range is 55 ℃ to 60 ℃, both of which are possible; preferably, the third temperature threshold is smaller than the lowest temperature of the target temperature range;
s082, controlling the opening of the three-way regulating valve to be 0% and controlling the heat storage liquid path to be closed;
s083, controlling the first circulating pump to operate at a second rotating speed, operating the electric pile 10 at a third power, and returning to the step S081; preferably, the second rotational speed is a rotational speed below the rated rotational speed of the first circulation pump, for example 4000r/min, and 2000r/min; the third power is preferably a power that is some power below the idle power of the stack 10.
This further describes step S082 and step S083: when the temperature of the stack in step S081 is lower than the target temperature, step S082 and step S083 are first executed to heat the coolant, and after the temperature of the coolant reaches the target temperature range, the electric stack 10 can heat the heat storage water in a better operation state, thereby realizing fine control of the fuel cell cogeneration system and improving the working efficiency thereof. In addition, in step S082 and step S083, the first circulating pump is controlled to operate at the first rotational speed, so that on one hand, the loss of natural heat dissipation of the cooling liquid in the circulating process is reduced, and on the other hand, the circulating cooling liquid ensures the uniformity of the temperature of each part in the electric pile 10; the control of the operation of the electric pile 10 with the third power avoids the problem of damage caused by direct high-power operation of the electric pile 10 at a lower temperature, thereby ensuring the stability and reliability of the operation of the electric pile 10.
With continued reference to fig. 5, when step S081 is negative, the following steps are continued:
s09, controlling the heat exchange liquid path and the heat storage liquid path to operate, and controlling the temperature of the heat storage liquid path to be within a target temperature range by adjusting the flow of the heat storage liquid path; wherein the stage starts to heat the hot water, the heat exchange liquid path and the hot water path exchange heat at the heat exchange device 40, specifically, the cooling liquid heats the hot water, and the hot water acts on the cooling liquid and is controlled within a target temperature range.
Since step S09 is specifically implemented by the following steps, step S09 is identified in fig. 5:
s091, controlling the opening of the three-way regulating valve to be 0%, and controlling the first circulating pump to operate so that the cooling liquid circulates in the heat exchange liquid path; if the heat exchange liquid path is operated when entering the step, the state of each part on the heat exchange liquid path is controlled in the step;
s0911, controlling the first circulating pump to operate at a first rotating speed, and controlling the electric pile 10 to operate at a second power, wherein the first rotating speed is greater than the second rotating speed, and preferably the first rotating speed is the rated rotating speed of the first circulating pump; the second power is greater than the third power described above, and preferably the second power is the rated power of the stack 10.
S092, controlling the second circulating pump to operate, enabling the heat storage liquid path to operate, and regulating the rotating speed of the second circulating pump through PID to control the water temperature within a target temperature range.
S093, judging whether the stacking temperature of the cooling liquid is greater than a first temperature threshold value and whether the water temperature of the hot water is greater than a second temperature threshold value, if so, executing the step S10, further executing the step S20, otherwise, returning to the step S092; wherein the first temperature threshold is preferably greater than the upper limit of the target temperature range; preferably, the second temperature threshold is less than the lower limit of the target temperature and greater than the third temperature threshold described above, for example, when the target temperature range is 59 ℃ to 61 ℃, the first temperature threshold is 62 ℃, the second temperature threshold is 55 ℃, and the third temperature threshold is 45 ℃.
Specific steps of step S09 are described above. When the coolant reaches the target temperature range, step S09 is performed, in which the hot water keeps the temperature of the coolant in the target temperature range while the water temperature of the hot water is raised.
S10, controlling the heat exchange liquid path, the heat dissipation liquid path and the heat storage liquid path to operate; the heat exchange liquid path and the heat storage liquid path exchange heat at the heat exchange device 40, the heat dissipation liquid path dissipates heat of the cooling liquid through the heat dissipation device 50, and cooling water in the heat exchange liquid path and the heat dissipation liquid path is converged and flows into the electric pile 10; in step S093 of the present example, since the heat exchange fluid path, the heat radiation fluid path, and the heat storage fluid path are substantially in the operation state, the three-way regulator valve, the first circulation pump, the second circulation pump, and the electric pile need only be kept in the operation state, and therefore step S10 is not shown in the flowchart illustrated in fig. 5.
S20, controlling the temperature of the stack to be within a target temperature range by adjusting the mixing proportion of cooling liquid in a heat exchange liquid path and a cooling liquid path in a closed loop, wherein the step S20 is specifically realized by the following steps, and correspondingly, the step S20 is not independently listed in FIG. 5:
s21, controlling the temperature of the reactor to be within a target temperature range by adjusting the opening of the three-way regulating valve through PID; the temperature of the stacked heat dissipation device exceeds the target temperature range or approaches the upper limit of the target temperature range, and the opening of the three-way regulating valve is regulated to enable the ratio of cooling liquid in the heat dissipation liquid path to be larger; when the stacking temperature is lower than the target temperature range or is close to the lower limit of the target temperature range, the opening of the three-way regulating valve is regulated down, so that the duty ratio of the cooling liquid in the heat exchange liquid path is larger.
In addition, in step S21, the electric pile 10 is controlled to operate at a first power, wherein the first power is greater than the third power and smaller than the second power, and the first power is preferably an idle power set for the electric pile 10 when the electric pile 10 is designed.
S22, judging whether the stacking temperature is greater than a first temperature threshold value or not, and judging whether the opening of the three-way regulating valve is greater than a first opening threshold value or not, if so, controlling the opening of the three-way regulating valve to be unchanged and executing a step S30, otherwise, repeating the step S22; the first temperature threshold is a preset temperature, and preferably the first temperature threshold is greater than the upper limit of the target temperature range, and the first temperature threshold is greater than the second temperature threshold; the first opening threshold is preferably 90%.
S30, regulating the rotating speed of the cooling fan through PID to control the stacking temperature; when the stacking temperature exceeds or is close to the upper limit of the target temperature range, the rotating speed of the cooling fan is increased; and when the stacking temperature is lower than or close to the lower limit of the target temperature range, the rotating speed of the cooling fan is reduced.
The control stack 10 is preferably operated at a first power in step S30.
S40, judging whether the water temperature of the stored water is smaller than a third temperature threshold value, if yes, returning to the step S092, otherwise, executing the step S50.
S50, judging whether a shutdown instruction exists, if so, closing the electric pile 10, otherwise, returning to the step S30; wherein shutting down the stack 10 is understood to mean controlling the hydrogen device 90 to no longer supply hydrogen and the air device 100 to no longer supply air, and the inverter 110 is shut down.
From the above, the control method according to the embodiment of the present invention has at least the following technical effects:
firstly, the flow of the heat exchange liquid path and the flow of the heat dissipation liquid path are regulated in a closed loop through the reversing device 30, so that the fine control of the stacking temperature of the cooling liquid is realized, and the accuracy and the stability of the control of the stacking temperature are improved;
the second, control method sets up a plurality of temperature control stages: a stage of heating the cooling liquid through the steps S082 and S083, a stage of rapidly heating the hot water through the step S09, a stage of radiating the cooling liquid while slowly heating the hot water through the step S20, and a radiating stage of radiating the cooling liquid through the step S30; the fuel cell cogeneration system is controlled in detail through arranging the stages, and the production efficiency is improved through the fine control;
third, three gears are set for the operation power of the electric pile 10, the electric pile 10 is controlled to match with the matched power in different stages, and the accuracy and stability of the control of the in-pile temperature are improved.
The control method of the invention is further described below by taking a specific application condition as follows:
the fuel cell cogeneration system is used for household buildings (small 4-8 families), the rated power of the electric pile 10 is 5kw, the heat storage device 70 is a water tank, and a model with the capacity of 2000L is selected; the DC/AC grid connection supplies power to the household appliances, the water tank supplies heat to the household hot water, the preset target temperature range is 59-61 ℃, the first temperature threshold is 62 ℃, the second temperature threshold is 55 ℃, the third temperature threshold is 45 ℃, the first rotating speed is 4000r/min, and the second rotating speed is 2000r/min; when the temperature of the heat storage water is set to be less than 45 ℃ after a start-up instruction is received, the fuel cell cogeneration system starts to operate as soon as the switch is opened:
the control module 80 controls the air compressor 1001 of the air device 100 to operate to supply air to the electric pile 10 and controls the hydrogen device 90 to operate to supply hydrogen to the electric pile 10;
after the voltage of the electric pile 10 is established, the control module 80 starts to control the DC/AC output electric power, when the circulating water temperature in the electric pile 10 is lower than the target temperature range, the fuel cell works at the third power of 2kw, and the rotating speed of the first circulating pump is set at 2000r/min;
when the temperature of the piled water reaches the target temperature range, a second circulating pump is started, the power of the electric pile 10 is increased to rated power, and the rotating speed of the second circulating pump is regulated in a real-time closed loop mode according to the piled temperature, so that the piled temperature is controlled to be 59-61 ℃.
When the heat storage water temperature reaches a second temperature threshold value of 55 ℃ and the stacking temperature is higher than 62 ℃, controlling the heat exchange liquid path and the heat dissipation liquid path to operate, controlling the stacking temperature to be within a target temperature range by the opening degree of the PID regulating three-way regulating valve, and reducing the power of the fuel cell to 3kw of idle power;
when the temperature of the stack is higher than the first temperature threshold value of 62 ℃ and the opening of the three-way regulating valve is higher than 90%, the rotating speed of the PID regulating fan is controlled to keep the target temperature range, and the electric stack 10 is controlled to operate at the first power;
when the user uses water to enable the temperature of the heat storage water to be reduced to be lower than 45 ℃, returning to the step of PID to adjust the rotating speed of the second circulating pump to control the stacking temperature, and continuing to circulate;
when a shutdown instruction is received, the control module 80 controls the DC/AC to stop working, and the air device 100 and the hydrogen device 90 stop working; the temperature of the cooling water path is reduced to room temperature.
While specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that this is by way of example only, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims. Various changes and modifications to these embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, but such changes and modifications are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (17)
1. The fuel cell cogeneration system is characterized by comprising a control module, a galvanic pile, a first power device, a reversing device, a heat exchange device, a heat dissipation device, a heat storage device and a second power device; the electric pile comprises a pile inlet and a pile outlet;
the pile outlet, the first power device, the reversing device, the heat exchange device and the pile inlet are sequentially communicated to form a heat exchange liquid path for cooling liquid heat exchange;
the pile outlet, the first power device, the reversing device, the heat dissipation device and the pile inlet are sequentially communicated to form a heat dissipation liquid path for dissipating heat of cooling liquid;
the cold end of the heat storage device, the second power device, the heat exchange device and the hot end of the heat storage device are sequentially communicated to form a heat storage liquid path for heat exchange between the heat storage water and the heat exchange liquid path;
the control module is used for adjusting the mixing proportion of the cooling water in the heat exchange liquid path and the cooling liquid path through the reversing device to control the stacking temperature when the cooling liquid enters the stacking opening in a closed loop manner;
the reversing device comprises a three-way regulating valve, and the control module is specifically used for controlling the mixing proportion of the cooling liquid in the two liquid paths when the heat dissipation liquid path and the heat exchange liquid path run simultaneously by regulating the opening degree of the three-way regulating valve; the three-way regulating valve comprises a first water inlet, a first water outlet and a second water outlet, the first water inlet is communicated with the first power device, the first water outlet is communicated with the heat exchange device, and the second water outlet is communicated with the heat dissipation device; the opening of the three-way regulating valve is between 0% and 100%, the first water outlet part is communicated with the first water inlet, and the second water outlet part is communicated with the first water inlet; when the opening of the three-way regulating valve is 0%, the heat exchange liquid path is completely opened, and the heat dissipation liquid path is closed; when the opening of the three-way regulating valve is 100%, the heat exchange liquid path is closed, and the heat dissipation liquid path is completely opened.
2. The fuel cell cogeneration system of claim 1, wherein said heat dissipating means comprises a heat dissipating fan for dissipating heat from the coolant; the control module is also used for controlling the temperature of the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid path by adjusting the rotating speed of the cooling fan.
3. The fuel cell cogeneration system of claim 2, further comprising a hydrogen plant, an air plant, and an inverter; the control module is also used for controlling the hydrogen device to supply hydrogen to the electric pile, controlling the air device to supply air to the electric pile and controlling the inverter to feed the electric quantity generated by the electric pile back to the power grid.
4. A control method of a fuel cell cogeneration system, characterized in that the control method is used to control the fuel cell cogeneration system of claim 1;
the control method comprises the following steps:
s10, controlling the heat exchange liquid path, the heat dissipation liquid path and the heat storage liquid path to operate;
s20, controlling the stacking temperature to be within a target temperature range by adjusting the mixing proportion of the cooling liquid in the heat exchange liquid path and the cooling liquid path in a closed loop.
5. The control method according to claim 4, wherein the control module is specifically configured to control a mixing ratio of the cooling liquid in the two liquid paths when the heat dissipation liquid path and the heat exchange liquid path are simultaneously operated by adjusting an opening degree of the three-way regulating valve; when the opening of the three-way regulating valve is 0%, the heat exchange liquid path is completely opened, and the heat dissipation liquid path is closed; when the opening of the three-way regulating valve is 100%, the heat exchange liquid path is closed, and the heat dissipation liquid path is completely opened;
the step S20 specifically includes the following steps:
s21, adjusting the opening degree of the three-way regulating valve through PID to control the stacking temperature to be in the target temperature range.
6. The control method according to claim 5, wherein in step S21, the stack is further controlled to operate at the first power.
7. The control method according to claim 6, wherein the heat radiating means includes a heat radiating fan for radiating heat from the coolant; the control module is also used for controlling the temperature of the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid path by adjusting the rotating speed of the cooling fan;
the control method further includes the following steps after step S20:
s30, regulating the rotating speed of the cooling fan through PID, and controlling the stacking temperature to be within the target temperature range.
8. The control method according to claim 7, characterized in that in step S30, the stack is also controlled to operate at the first power.
9. The control method according to claim 8, characterized by further comprising the steps of, between step S21 and step S30:
s22, judging whether the stacking temperature is greater than a first temperature threshold value, and judging whether the opening degree of the three-way regulating valve is greater than the first opening degree threshold value, if so, executing the step S30, otherwise, repeating the step S22.
10. The control method according to claim 9, characterized in that the control method further comprises the following step, before step S10:
s09, controlling the heat exchange liquid path and the heat storage liquid path to operate, and controlling the stacking temperature to be within the target temperature range by adjusting the flow of the heat storage liquid path.
11. The control method according to claim 10, wherein step S09 specifically includes:
s091, controlling the opening of the three-way regulating valve to be 0% and controlling the first power device to operate;
s092, controlling the second power device to operate, and controlling the stacking temperature to be within the target temperature range by adjusting the rotating speed of the second power device through PID.
12. The control method according to claim 11, characterized by further comprising the steps of:
s0911, controlling the first power device to operate at a first rotating speed, and controlling the electric pile to operate at a second power, wherein the second power is larger than the first power.
13. The control method according to claim 12, characterized in that step S09 further includes the following steps after step S092:
s093, judging whether the stacking temperature of the cooling liquid is greater than the first temperature threshold value, and whether the water temperature of the hot water is greater than the second temperature threshold value, if so, executing the step S10, otherwise, returning to the step S092; wherein the first temperature threshold is greater than the second temperature threshold.
14. The control method according to claim 13, characterized in that the control method further comprises the following step after step S30:
s40, judging whether the water temperature of the stored water is smaller than a third temperature threshold value, if yes, returning to the step S092, otherwise, executing the step S50; wherein the third temperature threshold is less than the second temperature threshold;
s50, judging whether a shutdown instruction exists, if so, closing the electric pile, otherwise, returning to the step S30.
15. The control method according to claim 14, characterized in that the control method further comprises the following step, before step S09:
s081, judging whether the stacking temperature of cooling water is smaller than the lowest temperature of the target temperature range, if yes, executing step S082, otherwise, executing step S091;
s082, controlling the opening of the three-way regulating valve to be 0% and controlling the heat storage liquid path to be closed;
s083, controlling the first power device to operate at a second rotating speed, enabling the electric pile to operate at a third power, and returning to the step S081; wherein the second rotational speed is less than the first rotational speed and the third power is less than the first power.
16. The control method according to claim 15, characterized in that the control method further comprises the following step, before step S08:
s071, receiving a starting instruction;
and S072, judging whether the temperature of the stored water is lower than the third temperature threshold, if so, starting the galvanic pile and then executing the step S081, otherwise, returning to the step S071.
17. The control method of claim 16, wherein the fuel cell cogeneration system further comprises a hydrogen plant, an air plant, and an inverter; the control module is also used for controlling the hydrogen device to supply hydrogen to the electric pile, controlling the air device to supply air to the electric pile and controlling the inverter to feed the electric quantity generated by the electric pile back to a power grid;
the starting pile comprises the following steps:
s073, controlling the hydrogen device to supply hydrogen to the galvanic pile, and controlling the air device to supply air to the galvanic pile;
s074, judging whether the voltage of the electric pile is established, if so, controlling the inverter to feed the electric quantity back to the power grid, otherwise, returning to the step S073.
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| CN112373353B (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2023-09-22 | 浙江大学 | Collaborative management system suitable for fuel cell automobile thermal system |
| CN114435076B (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2024-05-28 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | Control method of fuel cell waste heat utilization system |
| AT524819B1 (en) * | 2021-02-18 | 2023-11-15 | Avl List Gmbh | Heat coupling device for a fuel cell system |
| CN113346112B (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2022-08-19 | 黄冈格罗夫氢能汽车有限公司 | High-power parallel fuel cell heat dissipation system and control method |
| CN114300706B (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2024-03-01 | 山东国创燃料电池技术创新中心有限公司 | Combined heat and power heat management system and control method thereof |
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