CN113793947B - Fuel cell waste heat utilization system and energy system - Google Patents
Fuel cell waste heat utilization system and energy system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113793947B CN113793947B CN202110887683.7A CN202110887683A CN113793947B CN 113793947 B CN113793947 B CN 113793947B CN 202110887683 A CN202110887683 A CN 202110887683A CN 113793947 B CN113793947 B CN 113793947B
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- fuel cell
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- liquid outlet
- liquid inlet
- waste heat
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 170
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 203
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
- H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention relates to a fuel cell waste heat utilization system and an energy system, wherein the fuel cell waste heat utilization system is matched with a fuel cell device for use, the fuel cell device comprises a reactor and a hydrogen storage device, the fuel cell device is provided with a first liquid inlet and a first liquid outlet, the fuel cell waste heat utilization system comprises a cooling liquid circulation device and a heat exchanger, and the fuel cell waste heat utilization system comprises a cooling liquid circulation device and a heat exchanger, wherein the cooling liquid circulation device comprises a first liquid inlet and a second liquid outlet, wherein the cooling liquid circulation device is arranged between the cooling liquid circulation device and the heat exchanger, and the heat storage device is arranged between the first liquid inlet and the second liquid inlet: the cooling liquid circulating device is provided with a circulating pipeline, a first liquid inlet end and a first liquid outlet end which are positioned at two ends of the circulating pipeline, the first liquid inlet is connected with the first liquid outlet end, and the first liquid outlet is connected with the first liquid inlet end; the heat exchanger is provided with a second liquid inlet end, a second liquid outlet end and a third liquid outlet end, wherein the second liquid inlet end and the second liquid outlet end are connected with the circulating pipeline, and the third liquid outlet end is connected with the hydrogen storage device. The fuel cell waste heat utilization system can maintain the optimal working temperature in the fuel cell device, can reasonably adapt to the temperature of cold and hot sources and greatly improves the energy utilization rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a fuel cell waste heat utilization system and an energy system.
Background
A fuel cell is a cell that converts chemical energy in a fuel into electrical energy by an electrochemical reaction between oxygen or other oxidizing agent and the fuel. Hydrogen fuel is the most ideal fuel in the current fuel cell application, and is considered the most ideal energy source in the 21 st century because of the advantages of high efficiency, water as a fuel product, little pollution to the environment, recycling, wide fuel sources and the like.
The fuel cell stack generates a large amount of heat during operation, and a coolant is required to carry the heat generated during the reaction of the stack out of the reactor to maintain the optimum operating temperature within the stack. The heat is low-grade heat, so that the heat is difficult to use, and is directly discharged into the environment through a radiator fan, so that a large amount of energy waste is caused on one hand, and the starting temperature rise time of the fuel cell is prolonged on the other hand. In the prior art, the part of waste heat is usually utilized, the waste heat is utilized to manufacture warm air, and the heating requirement of a user in winter is realized, but the problems of poor temperature matching effect of cold and heat sources and asynchronous use time exist in the prior art, and the temperature rise time of the fuel cell in the starting process is increased due to the utilization of the waste heat, so that the utilization rate of energy sources is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
Accordingly, it is necessary to provide a fuel cell waste heat utilization system and an energy system for solving the problems of poor effect of matching cold and heat sources and low energy utilization rate in the process of utilizing the fuel cell waste heat.
The utility model provides a fuel cell waste heat utilization system, uses with the fuel cell device is supporting, the fuel cell device is used for hydrogen fuel cell power generation, the fuel cell device includes reactor and hydrogen storage device, and has first inlet and first liquid outlet, fuel cell waste heat utilization system includes coolant circulation device and heat exchanger, wherein:
the cooling liquid circulating device is provided with a circulating pipeline, a first liquid inlet end and a first liquid outlet end which are positioned at two ends of the circulating pipeline, the first liquid inlet is connected with the first liquid outlet end, and the first liquid outlet is connected with the first liquid inlet end;
the heat exchanger is provided with a second liquid inlet end, a second liquid outlet end and a third liquid outlet end, wherein the second liquid inlet end and the second liquid outlet end are connected with the circulating pipeline, and the third liquid outlet end is connected with the hydrogen storage device.
The fuel cell waste heat utilization system is matched with the fuel cell device, the fuel cell device comprises a reactor and a hydrogen storage device and is used for generating electricity by a hydrogen fuel cell, the fuel cell waste heat utilization system comprises a cooling liquid circulation device and a heat exchanger, cooling liquid in the cooling liquid circulation device flows to the fuel cell device through a first liquid inlet through a first liquid outlet end and flows out of the fuel cell device through the first liquid outlet, and heat generated in the reaction process of the fuel cell device is brought out of the reactor through the cooling liquid circulation device so as to maintain the optimal working temperature in the fuel cell device. After the cooling liquid flowing out to the cooling liquid circulation device through the first liquid outlet through the first liquid inlet end exchanges heat through the heat exchanger, one part of the cooling liquid flows into the fuel cell device again through the first liquid inlet end so as to maintain the optimal working temperature in the fuel cell device, and the other part of the cooling liquid enters the hydrogen storage device through the third liquid outlet end to generate hydrogen through endothermic reaction, so that hydrogen is provided for electrochemical reaction of the reactor. The fuel cell waste heat utilization system can reasonably adapt to the temperature of cold and hot sources and greatly improve the energy utilization rate.
In one embodiment, the circulating pipeline comprises a main pipeline, a first branch pipeline and a second branch pipeline, the first branch pipeline and the second branch pipeline are all arranged in parallel with the main pipeline, the three pipelines are provided with junction points at positions close to the first liquid outlet, the first liquid inlet and the first liquid outlet are all connected with the main pipeline, and the second branch pipeline is provided with a first electric heater.
In one embodiment, the device further comprises a first temperature control valve, the first temperature control valve is arranged on the main path, the first temperature control valve is provided with a second liquid inlet, a third liquid inlet and a second liquid outlet, the second liquid inlet is connected with the main path, the third liquid inlet is connected with the first branch path, and the second liquid outlet is connected with the main path.
In one embodiment, the heat exchanger is disposed on the main path and located between the first liquid outlet and the first temperature control valve.
In one embodiment, the device further comprises a second temperature control valve, the second temperature control valve is arranged on the main road and located between the first temperature control valve and the first liquid inlet, the second temperature control valve is provided with a fourth liquid inlet, a fifth liquid inlet and a third liquid outlet, the fourth liquid inlet is connected with the main road, the fifth liquid inlet is connected with the second branch road, and the third liquid outlet is connected with the main road.
In one embodiment, the device further comprises a radiator and a first water pump, wherein the radiator is arranged on the main road, the radiator is arranged between the first temperature control valve and the second temperature control valve, and the first water pump is arranged between the second temperature control valve and the first liquid inlet.
In one embodiment, the circulation pipeline further comprises a third branch, the third branch is connected with the fuel cell device and the radiator, a deionizing device and a liquid storage tank close to the water inlet end of the first water pump are arranged on the third branch, a pipeline for cooling liquid to flow to the main pipeline is arranged on the liquid storage tank, and the liquid storage tank is connected with the fuel cell device and the radiator and is located above the fuel cell device and the radiator.
In one embodiment, the hydrogen storage device comprises a solid hydrogen storage tank connected to the heat exchanger and to the reactor;
the hydrogen storage device further comprises a fourth branch, the fourth branch is connected with the heat exchanger, and a second water pump, a second electric heater and the solid hydrogen storage tank are further arranged on the fourth branch in sequence.
In one embodiment, the cooling device further comprises a liquid discharge valve, a first temperature-pressure sensor and a second temperature-pressure sensor, wherein the liquid discharge valve can be used for discharging cooling liquid in the cooling liquid circulating device to the outside, the first temperature-pressure sensor is arranged on the cooling liquid circulating device and is close to the first liquid inlet, and the second temperature-pressure sensor is arranged on the cooling liquid circulating device and is close to the first liquid outlet.
An energy system comprising the fuel cell device and the fuel cell waste heat utilization system according to any one of the above technical solutions.
The energy system comprises a fuel cell device and a fuel cell waste heat utilization system, wherein the fuel cell device comprises a reactor and a hydrogen storage device and is used for generating electricity by a hydrogen fuel cell, the fuel cell waste heat utilization system comprises a cooling liquid circulation device and a heat exchanger, cooling liquid in the cooling liquid circulation device flows to the fuel cell device through a first liquid outlet through a first liquid inlet, flows out of the fuel cell device through the first liquid outlet, and brings heat generated in the reaction process of the fuel cell device out of the reactor through the cooling liquid circulation device so as to maintain the optimal working temperature in the fuel cell device. After the cooling liquid flowing out to the cooling liquid circulation device through the first liquid outlet through the first liquid inlet end exchanges heat through the heat exchanger, one part of the cooling liquid flows into the fuel cell device again through the first liquid inlet end so as to maintain the optimal working temperature in the fuel cell device, and the other part of the cooling liquid enters the hydrogen storage device through the third liquid outlet end to generate hydrogen through endothermic reaction, so that hydrogen is provided for electrochemical reaction of the reactor. The energy system can reasonably adapt to the temperature of cold and hot sources and greatly improve the energy utilization rate.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an energy system according to the present invention.
Reference numerals:
100. a fuel cell waste heat utilization system;
110. a fuel cell device; 111. a reactor; 112. a first liquid inlet; 113. a first liquid outlet;
120. a cooling liquid circulation device; 121. a first liquid inlet end; 122. a first liquid outlet end; 123. a main road; 124. a first branch; 125. a second branch; 126. a third branch; 127. a first electric heater; 128. a first temperature control valve; 129. a second temperature control valve;
1281. a second liquid inlet; 1282. a third liquid inlet; 1283. a second liquid outlet;
1291. a fourth liquid inlet; 1292. a fifth liquid inlet; 1293. a third liquid outlet;
130. a heat exchanger; 131. a second liquid inlet end; 132. a second liquid outlet end; 133. a third liquid outlet end;
140. a hydrogen storage device; 141. a solid hydrogen storage tank; 142. a fourth branch; 143. a second water pump; 144. a second electric heater;
151. a heat sink; 152. a first water pump; 153. a deionizer; 154. a liquid storage tank; 155. a liquid discharge valve; 156. a first temperature and pressure sensor; 157. a second temperature and pressure sensor;
160. an energy system.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the invention will be readily understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The present invention may be embodied in many other forms than described herein and similarly modified by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, whereby the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "fixed" or "disposed" on another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like are used herein for illustrative purposes only and are not meant to be the only embodiment.
The following describes the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a fuel cell waste heat utilization system 100, wherein the fuel cell waste heat utilization system 100 is used together with a fuel cell device 110, the fuel cell device 110 comprises a reactor 111 and a hydrogen storage device 140, and the power generation of the hydrogen fuel cell is realized through the electrochemical reaction of the reactor 111. The fuel cell waste heat utilization system 100 includes a coolant circulation device 120 and a heat exchanger 130, wherein the coolant circulation device 120 has a circulation line through which a coolant flows, and heat generated during a reaction of the fuel cell device 110 is carried out of the reactor 111 through the circulation line of the coolant circulation device 120 to maintain an optimal operating temperature within the fuel cell device 110. Specifically, the fuel cell device 110 has a first liquid inlet 112 and a first liquid outlet 113, the first liquid inlet 112 and the first liquid outlet 113 are connected to the coolant circulation device 120 through pipes, the first liquid inlet 112 is used for cooling liquid to flow into the fuel cell device 110 from the coolant circulation device 120, and the first liquid outlet 113 is used for cooling liquid to flow out from the fuel cell device 110 to the coolant circulation device 120, wherein:
the cooling liquid circulation device 120 has a circulation pipeline, the circulation pipeline has two opposite ends, the first liquid inlet 121 and the first liquid outlet 122 are respectively located at two ends of the circulation pipeline, the first liquid inlet 112 is connected with the first liquid outlet 122, and the cooling liquid can flow from the cooling liquid circulation device 120 into the fuel cell device 110 through the first liquid outlet 122 and the first liquid inlet 112; the first liquid outlet 113 is connected to the first liquid inlet 121, and the cooling liquid can flow from the first liquid outlet 113 and the first liquid inlet 112, and then from the fuel cell device 110 into the cooling liquid circulation device 120, so as to realize circulation flow of the cooling liquid in the fuel cell device 110 and the cooling liquid circulation device 120.
The heat exchanger 130 has a second liquid inlet 131, a second liquid outlet 132 and a third liquid outlet 133, the second liquid inlet 131 is connected to the cooling liquid circulation device 120, and the second liquid outlet 132 is also connected to the cooling liquid circulation device 120. The cooling fluid in the cooling fluid circulation device 120 may flow into the heat exchanger 130 through the second fluid inlet end 131 and flow out of the heat exchanger 130 through the second fluid outlet end 132. The third liquid outlet end 133 is connected to the hydrogen storage device 140 through a pipe, and part of the cooling liquid after heat exchange in the heat exchanger 130 can flow into the hydrogen storage device 140 through the third liquid outlet end 133, so as to provide the hydrogen to the hydrogen storage device 140 to generate the required heat for the endothermic reaction, and provide the hydrogen to the fuel cell device 110.
The above-mentioned fuel cell waste heat utilization system 100 is used in combination with the fuel cell device 110, the fuel cell device 110 includes a reactor 111 and a hydrogen storage device 140 for generating electricity by hydrogen fuel cells, the fuel cell waste heat utilization system 100 includes a coolant circulation device 120 and a heat exchanger 130, the coolant in the coolant circulation device 120 flows to the fuel cell device 110 through a first liquid outlet 122 via a first liquid inlet 112, and flows out of the fuel cell device 110 through a first liquid outlet 113, and the heat generated in the reaction process of the fuel cell device 110 is carried out of the reactor 111 by the coolant circulation device 120 to maintain the optimal working temperature in the fuel cell device 110. After the cooling liquid flowing out to the cooling liquid circulation device 120 through the first liquid outlet 113 through the first liquid inlet 121 exchanges heat through the heat exchanger 130, a part of the cooling liquid flows back to the fuel cell device 110 through the first liquid inlet 112 to maintain the optimal working temperature in the fuel cell device 110, and the other part of the cooling liquid enters into the hydrogen storage device 140 through the third liquid outlet 133 to generate hydrogen through endothermic reaction, so as to provide hydrogen for the electrochemical reaction of the reactor 111. The fuel cell waste heat utilization system 100 can reasonably adapt to the temperature of cold and heat sources, and greatly improves the energy utilization rate.
To achieve continuous supply of hydrogen gas by the hydrogen storage device 140 to the reactor 111, a preferred embodiment is shown in fig. 1, in which the hydrogen storage device 140 includes a solid hydrogen storage tank 141, the solid hydrogen storage tank 141 is connected to the heat exchanger 130 through a pipe, and the solid hydrogen storage tank 141 is connected to the reactor 111 through a pipe. Part of the coolant after heat exchange in the heat exchanger 130 flows to the solid hydrogen storage tank 141 to provide the required heat for the endothermic reaction of the solid hydrogen storage tank 141 to generate hydrogen, and the solid hydrogen storage tank 141 provides hydrogen for the electrochemical reaction of the reactor 111 through a pipe.
In order to monitor the temperature and pressure of the coolant flowing into and out of the fuel cell device 110 in real time, as shown in fig. 1, the fuel cell waste heat utilization system 100 further includes a first temperature and pressure sensor 156 and a second temperature and pressure sensor 157, wherein the first temperature and pressure sensor 156 is disposed on the coolant circulation device 120, and the first temperature and pressure sensor 156 is close to the first liquid inlet 112, and the temperature and pressure of the coolant flowing into the fuel cell device 110 can be monitored by the first temperature and pressure sensor 156, so as to adjust the temperature and pressure flowing into the fuel cell device 110 in real time, so as to maintain the optimal working temperature and pressure in the fuel cell device 110. Similarly, the second temperature and pressure sensor 157 is disposed on the coolant circulation device 120, and the second temperature and pressure sensor 157 is close to the first liquid outlet 113, so that the temperature and pressure of the coolant flowing out of the fuel cell device 110 can be monitored by the second temperature and pressure sensor 157, and the temperature and pressure of the coolant flowing out of the fuel cell device 110 can be adjusted in real time to maintain the optimal operating temperature and pressure in the fuel cell device 110.
In order to reduce the temperature rise time during the start-up of the fuel cell apparatus 110, as shown in fig. 1, the circulation line of the coolant circulation apparatus 120 includes a main line 123, a first branch line 124 and a second branch line 125, the first branch line 124 and the second branch line 125 are all arranged in parallel with the main line 123, and the main line 123, the first branch line 124 and the second branch line 125 have junction points near the first liquid outlet 113, and the first liquid inlet 112 and the first liquid outlet 113 are all connected with the main line 123. It will be appreciated that the coolant flows from the fuel cell device 110 to the main circuit 123 through the first liquid outlet 113, and at the junction of the main circuit 123, the first branch 124 and the second branch 125, the coolant is controlled to selectively flow to one or more of the main circuit 123, the first branch 124 and the second branch 125, which can be freely selected according to the specific working process. The first electric heater 127 is disposed on the second branch 125, during the starting process of the fuel cell device 110, the temperature of the cooling liquid flowing in the cooling liquid circulation device 120 is low, and the cooling liquid can not provide the heat required for the starting and generating of the fuel cell device 110, at this time, the first electric heater 127 can be started, the cooling liquid flows in the second branch 125, the cooling liquid flowing in the second branch 125 is heated by the first electric heater 127, so that the cooling liquid can reach the preset temperature in a short time, the cooling liquid can circulate to the fuel cell device 110 to provide the heat, and the heating time of the starting process of the fuel cell device 110 is reduced.
To control the flow ratio of the coolant when passing through the main path 123 and the first branch path 124, specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the fuel cell waste heat utilization system 100 further includes a first thermo valve 128. The first temperature control valve 128 is disposed on the main path 123, the first temperature control valve 128 has a second liquid inlet 1281, a third liquid inlet 1282 and a second liquid outlet 1283, and the second liquid inlet 1281 is connected with the main path 123, so as to ensure that the cooling liquid in the main path 123 can flow into the first temperature control valve 128 through the second liquid inlet 1281; the third liquid inlet 1282 is connected with the first branch 124 to ensure that the cooling liquid in the first branch 124 can enter the first temperature control valve 128 through the third liquid inlet 1282; the second liquid outlet 1283 is connected with the main path 123, so as to ensure that the cooling liquid gathered in the first temperature control valve 128 can flow out to the main path 123 through the second liquid outlet 1283 to participate in circulation.
It should be noted that, the first temperature control valve 128 is a regulating valve capable of regulating the flow rate of the liquid medium, and when the cooling liquid passes through the first temperature control valve 128, the first temperature control valve 128 can automatically regulate the opening and closing of the first temperature control valve 128 according to the temperature feedback of the first temperature sensor 156, so as to control the flow rate of the cooling liquid flowing into the main path 123 through the second liquid outlet 1283 to participate in circulation.
To control the flow ratio of the coolant when passing through the main passage 123 and the second passage 125, specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the fuel cell waste heat utilization system 100 further includes a second thermo valve 129. The second temperature control valve 129 is arranged on the main path 123, the first temperature control valve 128 is provided with a fourth liquid inlet 1291, a fifth liquid inlet 1292 and a third liquid outlet 1293, and the fourth liquid inlet 1291 is connected with the main path 123 so as to ensure that the cooling liquid in the main path 123 can flow into the second temperature control valve 129 through the fourth liquid inlet 1291; the fifth liquid inlet 1292 is connected with the second branch 125 to ensure that the cooling liquid in the second branch 125 can enter the second temperature control valve 129 through the fifth liquid inlet 1292; third liquid outlet 1293 is connected with main path 123 to ensure that the cooling liquid gathered in second temperature control valve 129 can flow out to main path 123 via third liquid outlet 1293 to participate in circulation.
It should be noted that, at the initial stage of starting the fuel cell device 110, the coolant flows into the second temperature control valve 129 after being heated by the first electric heater 127 of the second branch line 125, and then flows into the main line 123, and as the operation of the fuel cell device 110 becomes stable, the coolant flow in the second branch line 125 needs to be controlled by the second temperature control valve 129 to gradually decrease, and the coolant flow in the main line 123 and the first branch line 124 gradually increase. The second temperature control valve 129 is a regulating valve capable of regulating the flow rate of the liquid medium, and when the cooling liquid passes through the second temperature control valve 129, the second temperature control valve 129 can automatically regulate the opening and closing of the second temperature control valve 129 according to the temperature feedback of the first temperature sensor 156, so as to control the flow rate of the cooling liquid flowing into the main path 123 through the third liquid outlet 1293 to participate in circulation.
In addition, as shown in fig. 1, the heat exchanger 130 is disposed on the main path 123, and the heat exchanger 130 is located between the first liquid outlet 113 and the first thermo valve 128. The fuel cell utilization system further includes a radiator 151, the radiator 151 is disposed on the main path 123, and the radiator 151 is located between the first thermo valve 128 and the second thermo valve 129. When the fuel cell device 110 works stably, the first branch 124 and the second branch 125 are closed, and the cooling liquid mainly participates in the pile reaction of the fuel cell device 110 and the endothermic reaction of the hydrogen storage device 140 through the main path 123; since the stack reaction of the fuel cell device 110 is a great deal of heat release, the temperature of the cooling liquid flowing out from the first liquid outlet 113 to the main path 123 is high, a part of the cooling liquid needs to be further dissipated by the radiator 151 after exchanging heat through the heat exchanger 130, and the cooling liquid can be circulated to participate in the stack reaction of the fuel cell device 110 after the temperature of the cooling liquid is reduced to a proper temperature by the radiator 151. And the other part of the cooling liquid exchanges heat through the heat exchanger 130 and flows into the hydrogen storage device 140 for the solid hydrogen storage tank 141 to generate hydrogen through endothermic reaction, so as to provide hydrogen for the fuel cell device 110. Because the cooling liquid flows in the main path 123, the cooling liquid is circulated to participate in the dual heat dissipation of the heat exchanger 130 and the radiator 151 of the fuel cell device 110, and compared with the conventional heat dissipation mode only using the radiator 151, the requirement on the volume, the power and the like of the radiator 151 is not high in the embodiment, the installation space and the cost of the fuel cell waste heat utilization system 100 can be saved, and in addition, when one of the radiator 151 or the heat exchanger 130 is damaged, the normal use of the fuel cell device 110 is not excessively affected.
It should be noted that, the radiator 151 also has an inlet (not shown) into which the cooling liquid flows and an outlet (not shown) from which the cooling liquid flows, and the opposite opening positions of the inlet and the outlet are as far as possible, so that the path of the cooling liquid flowing in the radiator 151 is as long as possible, so as to ensure that the heat dissipation effect of the cooling liquid is relatively good.
To exhaust the bubbles inside the fuel cell device 110 and the radiator 151, specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the circulation line of the coolant circulation device 120 further includes a third branch 126, the third branch 126 is connected to the fuel cell device 110 through a pipe, and the third branch 126 is connected to the radiator 151 through a pipe, and a deionizer 153 and a tank 154 are further disposed on the third branch 126. Before the fuel cell device 110 is started, the fuel cell device 110 and the radiator 151 are filled with air, after the cooling liquid is added, air bubbles are generated after the air in the fuel cell device 110 and the radiator 151 is pressurized, the air bubbles can enter the liquid storage tank 154 through the third branch 126 and are dissolved in the cooling liquid to participate in circulation, and impurities such as conductive ions in the cooling liquid can be removed through the deionizer 153. In addition, the fuel cell waste heat utilization system 100 further includes a first water pump 152 disposed on the main path 123, the first water pump 152 is located between the second temperature control valve 129 and the first liquid inlet 112, and the liquid tank 154 is close to the first water pump 152, and the liquid tank 154 is provided with a pipe for supplying the coolant to the main path 123. The cooling liquid stored in the liquid storage tank 154 may be transferred to the main passage 123 through a pipe, and the flow rate and the flow velocity of the cooling liquid may be increased and the circulation of the cooling liquid may be achieved by the pressurization of the first water pump 152. The liquid tank 154 is connected with the fuel cell device 110 and the radiator 151 through pipelines, and because the density of bubbles generated in the fuel cell device 110 and the radiator 151 is low, the liquid tank 154 is positioned above the fuel cell device 110 and the radiator 151, and the bubbles can smoothly overflow to the liquid tank 154 to be discharged out of the fuel waste heat utilization system 100, so that the heat dissipation effect of the radiator 151 is prevented from being influenced due to the fact that a large amount of bubbles are accumulated at the air outlets of the fuel cell device 110 and the radiator 151, and the first water pump 152 can idle, and the fuel cell device 110 cannot work normally.
It should be noted that, the fuel cell device 110 and the radiator 151 are both provided with air outlets for discharging air bubbles, and the air outlets are connected to the third branch 126. In addition, the liquid storage tank 154 is located at the highest point of the fuel cell waste heat utilization system 100, that is, the liquid level position of the liquid storage tank 154 is the highest liquid level position of the fuel cell waste heat utilization system 100, so that the water pressure of the cooling liquid is greater, and the cooling liquid can flow into the pipeline of the main path 123 more smoothly to participate in circulation.
In order to fully utilize the waste heat generated by the fuel cell device 110, in a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the hydrogen storage device 140 further includes a fourth branch 142, the fourth branch 142 is connected to the heat exchanger 130, and a second water pump 143, a second electric heater 144, and a solid hydrogen storage tank 141 are sequentially disposed on the fourth branch 142. Part of the cooling liquid exchanged by the heat exchanger 130 can flow to the fourth branch 142, and then the flow rate and the flow velocity of the cooling liquid are increased by the pressurization of the second water pump 143, the circulation of the cooling liquid is realized, and the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 141 generates hydrogen after the endothermic reaction by heating of the second electric heater 144, and the hydrogen is supplied to the fuel cell device 110 through a pipeline to generate electricity through the electric pile reaction.
In order to drain the coolant in the fuel cell waste heat utilization system 100, as shown in fig. 1, the fuel cell waste heat utilization system 100 further includes a drain valve 155, and when the fuel cell device 110 needs to be repaired or replaced, the drain valve 155 is opened, and the coolant in the coolant circulation device 120 is drained to the outside through the drain valve 155. It should be noted that, the drain valve 155 is disposed at the lowest point of the fuel cell waste heat utilization system 100, that is, the drain valve 155 is located below other components in the fuel cell waste heat utilization system 100, so that the cooling liquid can be more drained to the outside.
In addition, the invention also provides an energy system 160, as shown in fig. 1, the energy system 160 includes the fuel cell device 110 and the fuel cell waste heat utilization system 100 according to any of the above technical solutions.
The energy system 160 includes a fuel cell device 110 and a fuel cell waste heat utilization system 100, where the fuel cell device 110 includes a reactor 111 and a hydrogen storage device 140, and is used for generating electricity by hydrogen fuel cells, and the fuel cell waste heat utilization system 100 includes a coolant circulation device 120 and a heat exchanger 130, and the coolant in the coolant circulation device 120 flows to the fuel cell device 110 through a first liquid outlet 122 via a first liquid inlet 112, flows out of the fuel cell device 110 through a first liquid outlet 113, and brings heat generated in the reaction process of the fuel cell device 110 out of the reactor 111 through the coolant circulation device 120 to maintain an optimal operating temperature in the fuel cell device 110. After the cooling liquid flowing out to the cooling liquid circulation device 120 through the first liquid outlet 113 through the first liquid inlet 121 exchanges heat through the heat exchanger 130, a part of the cooling liquid flows back to the fuel cell device 110 through the first liquid inlet 112 to maintain the optimal working temperature in the fuel cell device 110, and the other part of the cooling liquid enters into the hydrogen storage device 140 through the third liquid outlet 133 to generate hydrogen through endothermic reaction, so as to provide hydrogen for the electrochemical reaction of the reactor 111. The energy system 160 can reasonably adapt to the temperature of cold and hot sources, and greatly improves the energy utilization rate.
The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a fuel cell waste heat utilization system, uses with the fuel cell device is supporting, the fuel cell device is used for hydrogen fuel cell power generation, the fuel cell device includes reactor and hydrogen storage device, and has first inlet and first liquid outlet, its characterized in that, fuel cell waste heat utilization system includes coolant circulation device, heat exchanger and first temperature detect valve, wherein:
the cooling liquid circulating device is provided with a circulating pipeline, a first liquid inlet end and a first liquid outlet end, wherein the first liquid inlet end and the first liquid outlet end are positioned at two ends of the circulating pipeline, the first liquid inlet end is connected with the first liquid outlet end, the first liquid outlet end is connected with the first liquid inlet end, the circulating pipeline comprises a main pipeline, a first branch pipeline and a second branch pipeline, the first branch pipeline and the second branch pipeline are all arranged in parallel with the main pipeline, an intersection point is formed at the position, close to the first liquid outlet, of the first branch pipeline, the first liquid inlet end and the first liquid outlet end are connected with the main pipeline, and a first electric heater is arranged on the second branch pipeline;
the heat exchanger and the first temperature control valve are both arranged on the main path, the heat exchanger is positioned between the first liquid outlet and the first temperature control valve and is provided with a second liquid inlet end, a second liquid outlet end and a third liquid outlet end, the second liquid inlet end and the second liquid outlet end are both connected with the circulating pipeline, and the third liquid outlet end is connected with the hydrogen storage device.
2. The fuel cell waste heat utilization system of claim 1, wherein the first temperature control valve has a second liquid inlet, a third liquid inlet and a second liquid outlet, the second liquid inlet is connected with the main path, the third liquid inlet is connected with the first branch path, and the second liquid outlet is connected with the main path.
3. The fuel cell waste heat utilization system of claim 1, wherein the first temperature control valve is a regulating valve that regulates a flow of the liquid medium.
4. The fuel cell waste heat utilization system of claim 2, further comprising a second temperature control valve disposed on the main circuit and between the first temperature control valve and the first liquid inlet, the second temperature control valve having a fourth liquid inlet, a fifth liquid inlet, and a third liquid outlet, the fourth liquid inlet being connected to the main circuit, the fifth liquid inlet being connected to the second branch circuit, the third liquid outlet being connected to the main circuit.
5. The fuel cell waste heat utilization system of claim 4, further comprising a radiator and a first water pump disposed on the main circuit, the radiator being located between the first temperature control valve and the second temperature control valve, the first water pump being located between the second temperature control valve and the first liquid inlet.
6. The fuel cell waste heat utilization system according to claim 5, wherein the circulation line further comprises a third branch line, the third branch line connects the fuel cell device and the radiator, a deionizer and a liquid storage tank near the water inlet end of the first water pump are arranged on the third branch line, the liquid storage tank is provided with a pipeline for flowing the coolant to the main line, and the liquid storage tank connects the fuel cell device and the radiator and is located above the fuel cell device and the radiator.
7. The fuel cell waste heat utilization system of claim 1, wherein the hydrogen storage device comprises a solid state hydrogen storage tank connected to the heat exchanger and to the reactor;
the hydrogen storage device further comprises a fourth branch, the fourth branch is connected with the heat exchanger, and a second water pump, a second electric heater and the solid hydrogen storage tank are further arranged on the fourth branch in sequence.
8. The fuel cell waste heat utilization system according to claim 1, further comprising a drain valve for draining the coolant in the coolant circulation device to the outside.
9. The fuel cell waste heat utilization system of claim 1, further comprising a first warm-pressing sensor and a second warm-pressing sensor, wherein the first warm-pressing sensor is disposed on the cooling liquid circulation device and is close to the first liquid inlet, and the second warm-pressing sensor is disposed on the cooling liquid circulation device and is close to the first liquid outlet.
10. An energy system comprising the fuel cell device and the fuel cell waste heat utilization system according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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