CN113793947A - Fuel cell waste heat utilization system and energy system - Google Patents
Fuel cell waste heat utilization system and energy system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113793947A CN113793947A CN202110887683.7A CN202110887683A CN113793947A CN 113793947 A CN113793947 A CN 113793947A CN 202110887683 A CN202110887683 A CN 202110887683A CN 113793947 A CN113793947 A CN 113793947A
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 164
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 163
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
- H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a fuel cell waste heat utilization system and an energy system, wherein the fuel cell waste heat utilization system is matched with a fuel cell device for use, the fuel cell device comprises a reactor and a hydrogen storage device, and is provided with a first liquid inlet and a first liquid outlet, the fuel cell waste heat utilization system comprises a cooling liquid circulating device and a heat exchanger, wherein: the cooling liquid circulating device is provided with a circulating pipeline, a first liquid inlet end and a first liquid outlet end, wherein the first liquid inlet end and the first liquid outlet end are positioned at two end parts of the circulating pipeline; the heat exchanger is provided with a second liquid inlet end, a second liquid outlet end and a third liquid outlet end, the second liquid inlet end and the second liquid outlet end are both connected with the circulating pipeline, and the third liquid outlet end is connected with the hydrogen storage device. The fuel cell waste heat utilization system can maintain the optimal working temperature in the fuel cell device, can reasonably adapt to the temperature of cold and heat sources, and greatly improves the energy utilization rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a fuel cell waste heat utilization system and an energy system.
Background
A fuel cell is a cell that converts chemical energy in a fuel into electrical energy by electrochemically reacting oxygen or other oxidant with the fuel. The hydrogen fuel is the most ideal fuel in the current fuel cell application, and is considered as the most ideal energy source in the 21 st century because of the advantages of high efficiency, water as a fuel product, small pollution to the environment, recyclability, wide fuel source and the like.
The fuel cell stack generates a large amount of heat during operation, and a coolant is used to carry the heat generated during the stack reaction out of the stack to maintain an optimal operating temperature in the stack. The part of heat is low-grade heat and is difficult to use, and the part of heat is usually directly discharged into the environment through a radiator fan, so that on one hand, a large amount of energy waste is caused, and on the other hand, the starting and temperature rising time of the fuel cell is prolonged. In the prior art, the waste heat is generally utilized to produce warm air, so that the heating requirement of a user in winter is met, but the problems of poor cold and heat source temperature matching effect and unsynchronized service time exist in the prior art, and the waste heat utilization causes the increase of the temperature rise time in the starting process of the fuel cell, so that the utilization rate of energy is low.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a fuel cell waste heat utilization system and an energy system for solving the problems of poor cold and heat source matching effect and low energy utilization rate in the fuel cell waste heat utilization process.
The utility model provides a fuel cell waste heat utilization system, uses with fuel cell device is supporting, fuel cell device is used for hydrogen fuel cell electricity generation, fuel cell device includes reactor and hydrogen storage device, and has first inlet and first liquid outlet, fuel cell waste heat utilization system includes coolant liquid circulating device and heat exchanger, wherein:
the cooling liquid circulating device is provided with a circulating pipeline, a first liquid inlet end and a first liquid outlet end, wherein the first liquid inlet end and the first liquid outlet end are positioned at two end parts of the circulating pipeline;
the heat exchanger is provided with a second liquid inlet end, a second liquid outlet end and a third liquid outlet end, the second liquid inlet end and the second liquid outlet end are both connected with the circulating pipeline, and the third liquid outlet end is connected with the hydrogen storage device.
The fuel cell waste heat utilization system comprises a cooling liquid circulating device and a heat exchanger, cooling liquid in the cooling liquid circulating device flows to the fuel cell device through a first liquid outlet end through a first liquid inlet and flows out of the fuel cell device through a first liquid outlet, and heat generated in the reaction process of the fuel cell device is taken out of the reactor through the cooling liquid circulating device to maintain the optimal working temperature in the fuel cell device. After the cooling liquid flowing out to the cooling liquid circulating device through the first liquid inlet end via the first liquid outlet exchanges heat through the heat exchanger, a part of the cooling liquid flows into the fuel cell device again through the first liquid inlet so as to maintain the optimal working temperature in the fuel cell device, and the other part of the cooling liquid enters the hydrogen storage device through the third liquid outlet end to generate endothermic reaction to generate hydrogen so as to provide hydrogen for electrochemical reaction of a reactor. The fuel cell waste heat utilization system can reasonably adapt to the temperature of cold and heat sources, and greatly improves the energy utilization rate.
In one embodiment, the circulation pipeline includes a main path, a first branch path and a second branch path, the first branch path and the second branch path are arranged in parallel with the main path and have an intersection point at a position close to the first liquid outlet, the first liquid inlet and the first liquid outlet are connected with the main path, and the second branch path is provided with a first electric heater.
In one embodiment, the temperature control device further comprises a first temperature control valve, the first temperature control valve is arranged on the main path, the first temperature control valve is provided with a second liquid inlet, a third liquid inlet and a second liquid outlet, the second liquid inlet is connected with the main path, the third liquid inlet is connected with the first branch path, and the second liquid outlet is connected with the main path.
In one embodiment, the heat exchanger is disposed on the main path and between the first liquid outlet and the first temperature control valve.
In one embodiment, the temperature control device further comprises a second temperature control valve, the second temperature control valve is arranged on the main path and is located between the first temperature control valve and the first liquid inlet, the second temperature control valve is provided with a fourth liquid inlet, a fifth liquid inlet and a third liquid outlet, the fourth liquid inlet is connected with the main path, the fifth liquid inlet is connected with the second branch path, and the third liquid outlet is connected with the main path.
In one embodiment, the main road further comprises a radiator and a first water pump, the radiator is arranged on the main road, the radiator is located between the first temperature control valve and the second temperature control valve, and the first water pump is located between the second temperature control valve and the first liquid inlet.
In one embodiment, the circulation pipeline further includes a third branch, the third branch connects the fuel cell device and the radiator, a deionizer and a liquid storage tank near the water inlet end of the first water pump are disposed on the third branch, the liquid storage tank is provided with a pipeline for flowing coolant to the main pipeline, and the liquid storage tank connects the fuel cell device and the radiator and is located above the fuel cell device and the radiator.
In one embodiment, the hydrogen storage device comprises a solid-state hydrogen storage tank connected with the heat exchanger and connected with the reactor;
the hydrogen storage device further comprises a fourth branch, the fourth branch is connected with the heat exchanger, and a second water pump, a second electric heater and the solid hydrogen storage tank are sequentially arranged on the fourth branch.
In one embodiment, the cooling system further comprises a drain valve, a first temperature and pressure sensor and a second temperature and pressure sensor, wherein the drain valve can be used for discharging the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid circulating device to the outside, the first temperature and pressure sensor is arranged on the cooling liquid circulating device and is close to the first liquid inlet, and the second temperature and pressure sensor is arranged on the cooling liquid circulating device and is close to the first liquid outlet.
An energy system comprises the fuel cell device and the fuel cell waste heat utilization system according to any one of the above technical schemes.
The energy system comprises a fuel cell device and a fuel cell waste heat utilization system, wherein the fuel cell device comprises a reactor and a hydrogen storage device and is used for generating power by a hydrogen fuel cell, the fuel cell waste heat utilization system comprises a cooling liquid circulating device and a heat exchanger, cooling liquid in the cooling liquid circulating device flows to the fuel cell device through a first liquid outlet end and flows out of the fuel cell device through a first liquid outlet end, and heat generated in the reaction process of the fuel cell device is taken out of the reactor through the cooling liquid circulating device to maintain the optimal working temperature in the fuel cell device. After the cooling liquid flowing out to the cooling liquid circulating device through the first liquid inlet end via the first liquid outlet exchanges heat through the heat exchanger, a part of the cooling liquid flows into the fuel cell device again through the first liquid inlet so as to maintain the optimal working temperature in the fuel cell device, and the other part of the cooling liquid enters the hydrogen storage device through the third liquid outlet end to generate endothermic reaction to generate hydrogen so as to provide hydrogen for electrochemical reaction of a reactor. The energy system can reasonably adapt to the temperature of cold and heat sources, and greatly improves the energy utilization rate.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy system provided by the present invention.
Reference numerals:
100. a fuel cell waste heat utilization system;
110. a fuel cell device; 111. a reactor; 112. a first liquid inlet; 113. a first liquid outlet;
120. a coolant circulation device; 121. a first liquid inlet end; 122. a first liquid outlet end; 123. a main road; 124. a first branch; 125. a second branch circuit; 126. a third branch; 127. a first electric heater; 128. a first temperature control valve; 129. a second temperature control valve;
1281. a second liquid inlet; 1282. a third liquid inlet; 1283. a second liquid outlet;
1291. a fourth liquid inlet; 1292. a fifth liquid inlet; 1293. a third liquid outlet;
130. a heat exchanger; 131. a second liquid inlet end; 132. a second liquid outlet end; 133. a third liquid outlet end;
140. a hydrogen storage device; 141. a solid-state hydrogen storage tank; 142. a fourth branch; 143. a second water pump; 144. a second electric heater;
151. a heat sink; 152. a first water pump; 153. a deionizer; 154. a liquid storage tank; 155. a drain valve; 156. a first temperature and pressure sensor; 157. a second temperature and pressure sensor;
160. an energy system.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting of the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not denote a unique embodiment.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention is described below by combining the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a fuel cell waste heat utilization system 100, the fuel cell waste heat utilization system 100 is used in combination with a fuel cell device 110, the fuel cell device 110 includes a reactor 111 and a hydrogen storage device 140, and the hydrogen fuel cell power generation is realized through an electrochemical reaction of the reactor 111. The fuel cell waste heat utilization system 100 includes a coolant circulation device 120 and a heat exchanger 130, wherein the coolant circulation device 120 has a circulation pipeline for flowing coolant, and the circulation pipeline of the coolant circulation device 120 carries heat generated during the reaction process of the fuel cell device 110 out of the reactor 111 to maintain an optimal operating temperature in the fuel cell device 110. Specifically, the fuel cell device 110 has a first liquid inlet 112 and a first liquid outlet 113, the first liquid inlet 112 and the first liquid outlet 113 are both connected to the cooling liquid circulation device 120 through a pipe, the first liquid inlet 112 is used for the cooling liquid to flow into the fuel cell device 110 from the cooling liquid circulation device 120, and the first liquid outlet 113 is used for the cooling liquid to flow out from the fuel cell device 110 to the cooling liquid circulation device 120, wherein:
the cooling liquid circulating device 120 has a circulating pipeline, the circulating pipeline has two opposite ends, the first liquid inlet end 121 and the first liquid outlet end 122 are respectively located at the two ends of the circulating pipeline, the first liquid inlet 112 is connected with the first liquid outlet end 122, and the cooling liquid can flow from the cooling liquid circulating device 120 to the fuel cell device 110 through the first liquid outlet end 122 and the first liquid inlet 112; the first liquid outlet 113 is connected to the first liquid inlet 121, so that the cooling liquid can flow from the first liquid outlet 113 and the first liquid inlet 112 to the cooling liquid circulation device 120 from the fuel cell device 110, thereby realizing the circulation flow of the cooling liquid in the fuel cell device 110 and the cooling liquid circulation device 120.
The heat exchanger 130 has a second inlet end 131, a second outlet end 132 and a third outlet end 133, the second inlet end 131 is connected to the cooling liquid circulating device 120, and the second outlet end 132 is also connected to the cooling liquid circulating device 120. The cooling liquid in the cooling liquid circulation device 120 can flow into the heat exchanger 130 through the second liquid inlet end 131, and flow out of the heat exchanger 130 through the second liquid outlet end 132. The third liquid outlet 133 is connected to the hydrogen storage device 140 through a pipe, and a part of the cooling liquid after heat exchange in the heat exchanger 130 can flow into the hydrogen storage device 140 through the third liquid outlet 133 to provide heat required for the hydrogen storage device 140 to generate hydrogen through endothermic reaction, so as to provide hydrogen for the fuel cell device 110.
The fuel cell waste heat utilization system 100 is used in cooperation with the fuel cell device 110, the fuel cell device 110 includes a reactor 111 and a hydrogen storage device 140 for power generation of the hydrogen fuel cell, the fuel cell waste heat utilization system 100 includes a coolant circulation device 120 and a heat exchanger 130, coolant in the coolant circulation device 120 flows to the fuel cell device 110 through a first liquid outlet 122 via a first liquid inlet 112, and flows out of the fuel cell device 110 through a first liquid outlet 113, and heat generated in the reaction process of the fuel cell device 110 is taken out of the reactor 111 by the coolant circulation device 120 to maintain an optimal working temperature in the fuel cell device 110. After the cooling fluid flowing out to the cooling fluid circulation device 120 through the first fluid inlet 121 via the first fluid outlet 113 exchanges heat with the heat exchanger 130, a part of the cooling fluid flows back to the fuel cell device 110 through the first fluid inlet 112 to maintain the optimal operating temperature in the fuel cell device 110, and another part of the cooling fluid enters the hydrogen storage device 140 through the third fluid outlet 133 to generate hydrogen gas through an endothermic reaction, so as to provide hydrogen gas for the electrochemical reaction of the reactor 111. The fuel cell waste heat utilization system 100 can be reasonably adapted to the temperature of cold and heat sources, and the energy utilization rate is greatly improved.
In order to realize that the hydrogen storage device 140 continuously supplies hydrogen to the reactor 111, in a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the hydrogen storage device 140 includes a solid hydrogen storage tank 141, the solid hydrogen storage tank 141 is connected with the heat exchanger 130 through a pipeline, and the solid hydrogen storage tank 141 is connected with the reactor 111 through a pipeline. Part of the coolant after heat exchange in the heat exchanger 130 flows to the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 141 to provide heat required for the endothermic reaction of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 141 to generate hydrogen, and the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 141 provides hydrogen for the electrochemical reaction of the reactor 111 through a pipeline.
In order to monitor the temperature and pressure of the cooling fluid flowing into and out of the fuel cell device 110 in real time, in a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the system 100 for utilizing the waste heat of the fuel cell further includes a first temperature and pressure sensor 156 and a second temperature and pressure sensor 157, the first temperature and pressure sensor 156 is disposed on the cooling fluid circulation device 120, and the first temperature and pressure sensor 156 is close to the first inlet 112, so that the temperature and pressure of the cooling fluid flowing into the fuel cell device 110 can be monitored by the first temperature and pressure sensor 156, and the temperature and pressure flowing into the fuel cell device 110 can be adjusted in real time, so as to maintain the optimal operating temperature and pressure in the fuel cell device 110. Similarly, the second temperature and pressure sensor 157 is disposed on the cooling liquid circulation device 120, and the second temperature and pressure sensor 157 is close to the first liquid outlet 113, so that the temperature and pressure of the cooling liquid flowing out of the fuel cell device 110 can be monitored by the second temperature and pressure sensor 157, and the temperature and pressure of the cooling liquid flowing out of the fuel cell device 110 can be adjusted in real time to maintain the optimal operating temperature and pressure in the fuel cell device 110.
In order to reduce the temperature rise time during the startup process of the fuel cell apparatus 110, in a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the circulation pipeline of the cooling liquid circulation apparatus 120 includes a main path 123, a first branch path 124 and a second branch path 125, the first branch path 124 and the second branch path 125 are both disposed in parallel with the main path 123, the first branch path 124 and the second branch path 125 have a junction at a position close to the first liquid outlet 113, and the first liquid inlet 112 and the first liquid outlet 113 are both connected to the main path 123. It will be appreciated that the coolant flows from the fuel cell device 110 to the main path 123 via the first outlet port 113, and at the intersection of the main path 123, the first branch 124 and the second branch 125, the coolant is controlled to selectively flow to one or more of the main path 123, the first branch 124 and the second branch 125, which can be freely selected according to the specific operation process. The first electric heater 127 is disposed on the second branch 125, and during the starting process of the fuel cell device 110, the temperature of the coolant flowing through the coolant circulating device 120 is low, and the coolant cannot provide the heat required for the starting power generation of the fuel cell device 110, at this time, the first electric heater 127 can be started, and the coolant can flow through the second branch 125, and the coolant flowing through the second branch 125 is heated by the first electric heater 127, so that the coolant can reach a predetermined temperature in a short time, and the coolant can circularly flow into the fuel cell device 110 to provide heat, thereby reducing the temperature rise time during the starting process of the fuel cell device 110.
To control the flow ratio of the cooling liquid when passing through the main path 123 and the first branch path 124, specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the fuel cell residual heat utilization system 100 further includes a first thermostatic valve 128. The first temperature control valve 128 is disposed on the main path 123, the first temperature control valve 128 has a second liquid inlet 1281, a third liquid inlet 1282 and a second liquid outlet 1283, and the second liquid inlet 1281 is connected to the main path 123, so as to ensure that the cooling liquid in the main path 123 can flow into the first temperature control valve 128 through the second liquid inlet 1281; the third fluid inlet 1282 is connected to the first branch 124 to ensure that the cooling fluid in the first branch 124 can enter the first temperature control valve 128 through the third fluid inlet 1282; the second outlet port 1283 is connected to the main path 123 to ensure that the cooling fluid collected in the first temperature control valve 128 can flow out to the main path 123 through the second outlet port 1283 to participate in the circulation.
It should be noted that the first temperature control valve 128 is a regulating valve capable of regulating the flow rate of the liquid medium, and when the cooling liquid passes through the first temperature control valve 128, the first temperature control valve 128 can automatically regulate the opening and closing of the first temperature control valve 128 according to the temperature feedback of the first temperature sensor 156, and control the flow rate of the cooling liquid flowing into the main path 123 through the second liquid outlet 1283 to participate in the circulation.
To control the flow ratio of the cooling liquid passing through the main path 123 and the second branch path 125, specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the fuel cell residual heat utilization system 100 further includes a second thermostatic valve 129. The second temperature control valve 129 is disposed on the main circuit 123, the first temperature control valve 128 has a fourth inlet port 1291, a fifth inlet port 1292 and a third outlet port 1293, and the fourth inlet port 1291 is connected to the main circuit 123, so as to ensure that the cooling liquid in the main circuit 123 can flow into the second temperature control valve 129 through the fourth inlet port 1291; the fifth liquid inlet 1292 is connected with the second branch 125 to ensure that the cooling liquid in the second branch 125 can enter the second temperature control valve 129 through the fifth liquid inlet 1292; the third outlet port 1293 is connected to the main path 123 so as to ensure that the cooling liquid collected in the second thermostatic valve 129 can flow out to the main path 123 through the third outlet port 1293 to participate in the circulation.
It should be noted that, since the coolant is heated by the first electric heater 127 of the second branch 125 and flows into the second thermostat valve 129 and further flows into the main path 123 in the initial startup period of the fuel cell device 110, the flow rate of the coolant in the second branch 125 must be controlled by the second thermostat valve 129 to gradually decrease and the flow rates of the coolant in the main path 123 and the first branch 124 must gradually increase as the operation of the fuel cell device 110 becomes stable. The second temperature control valve 129 is a regulating valve capable of regulating the flow rate of the liquid medium, and when the cooling liquid passes through the second temperature control valve 129, the second temperature control valve 129 can automatically regulate the opening and closing size of the second temperature control valve 129 according to the temperature feedback of the first temperature sensor 156, and control the flow rate of the cooling liquid flowing into the main path 123 through the third liquid outlet 1293 to participate in the circulation.
In addition, as shown in fig. 1, a heat exchanger 130 is provided on the main passage 123, and the heat exchanger 130 is located between the first liquid outlet 113 and the first temperature control valve 128. The fuel cell utilization system further includes a radiator 151, the radiator 151 is provided on the main path 123, and the radiator 151 is located between the first temperature control valve 128 and the second temperature control valve 129. When the fuel cell device 110 is in a stable operation stage, the first branch 124 and the second branch 125 are closed, and the cooling fluid mainly participates in the stack reaction of the fuel cell device 110 and the endothermic reaction of the hydrogen storage device 140 through the main path 123; since the stack reaction of the fuel cell apparatus 110 is a lot of heat release, the temperature of the coolant flowing out from the first liquid outlet 113 to the main path 123 is high, a part of the coolant needs to be further dissipated through the heat sink 151 after exchanging heat through the heat exchanger 130, and the coolant can only circularly participate in the stack reaction of the fuel cell apparatus 110 after the temperature of the coolant is reduced to a proper temperature through the heat sink 151. And the other part of the cooling liquid exchanges heat through the heat exchanger 130 and flows into the hydrogen storage device 140 for the solid hydrogen storage tank 141 to perform endothermic reaction to generate hydrogen gas, so as to provide the hydrogen gas for the fuel cell device 110. Because the coolant flows in the main path 123 and circularly participates in the dual heat dissipation of the reactor reaction of the fuel cell device 110 through the heat exchanger 130 and the heat sink 151, compared with the conventional heat dissipation mode only adopting the heat sink 151, the implementation mode has low requirements on the volume, the power and the like of the heat sink 151, can save the installation space and the cost of the fuel cell waste heat utilization system 100, and cannot generate excessive influence on the normal use of the fuel cell device 110 when one of the heat sink 151 or the heat exchanger 130 is damaged.
It should be noted that the heat sink 151 also has an inlet (not shown) for the cooling liquid to flow in and an outlet (not shown) for the cooling liquid to flow out, and the relative opening positions of the inlet and the outlet are as far as possible, so that the path of the cooling liquid flowing in the heat sink 151 is as long as possible, and the heat dissipation effect of the cooling liquid is relatively good.
To discharge bubbles inside the fuel cell device 110 and the radiator 151, specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the circulation line of the cooling liquid circulation device 120 further includes a third branch 126, the third branch 126 is connected to the fuel cell device 110 through a pipe, and the third branch 126 is connected to the radiator 151 through a pipe, and the third branch 126 is further provided with a deionizer 153 and a tank 154. Before the fuel cell device 110 is started, the fuel cell device 110 and the heat sink 151 are both filled with air, and after the cooling liquid is added, air inside the fuel cell device 110 and the heat sink 151 is pressurized to generate air bubbles, and the air bubbles can enter the liquid storage tank 154 through the third branch 126, be dissolved in the cooling liquid to participate in circulation, and can remove impurities such as conductive ions in the cooling liquid through the deionizer 153. In addition, the fuel cell residual heat utilization system 100 further includes a first water pump 152 disposed on the main path 123, the first water pump 152 is located between the second temperature control valve 129 and the first liquid inlet 112, and a liquid storage tank 154 is close to the first water pump 152, and the liquid storage tank 154 is provided with a pipeline for flowing the coolant to the main path 123. The coolant stored in the reservoir tank 154 may be delivered to the main path 123 through a pipe, and the flow rate and the flow velocity of the coolant are increased and the circulation of the coolant is achieved by the pressurization of the first water pump 152. The liquid storage tank 154 is connected with the fuel cell device 110 and the radiator 151 through a pipeline, because the density of bubbles generated inside the fuel cell device 110 and the radiator 151 is low, the liquid storage tank 154 is positioned above the fuel cell device 110 and the radiator 151, the bubbles can smoothly burst into the liquid storage tank 154 to discharge the fuel waste heat utilization system 100, the heat dissipation effect of the radiator 151 is prevented from being influenced due to a large amount of gas outlets gathered on the fuel cell device 110 and the radiator 151, and the idle running of the first water pump 152 can be caused, and the fuel cell device 110 cannot normally work.
It should be noted that the fuel cell device 110 and the heat sink 151 are both provided with air outlets for discharging bubbles, and the air outlets are connected to the third branch 126. In addition, the liquid storage tank 154 is located at the highest point of the fuel cell waste heat utilization system 100, that is, the liquid level of the liquid storage tank 154 is the highest liquid level of the fuel cell waste heat utilization system 100, so that the water pressure of the cooling liquid is higher, and the cooling liquid can smoothly flow into the main pipeline 123 to participate in circulation.
In order to fully utilize the waste heat generated by the fuel cell device 110, in a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the hydrogen storage device 140 further includes a fourth branch 142, the fourth branch 142 is connected to the heat exchanger 130, and the fourth branch 142 is further sequentially provided with a second water pump 143, a second electric heater 144, and a solid-state hydrogen storage tank 141. Part of the coolant heat-exchanged by the heat exchanger 130 may flow to the fourth branch 142, and then, the coolant may be increased in flow rate and flow velocity by pressurization of the second water pump 143, and circulation of the coolant may be achieved, and the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 141 may generate hydrogen after an endothermic reaction by heating of the second electric heater 144, and the hydrogen may be supplied to the fuel cell apparatus 110 through a pipe to generate power by a stack reaction.
In order to discharge the coolant in the system 100 for utilizing the residual heat from the fuel cell, in a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the system 100 for utilizing the residual heat from the fuel cell further includes a drain valve 155, and when the fuel cell device 110 needs to be repaired or replaced, the drain valve 155 is opened, and the coolant in the coolant circulation device 120 is discharged to the outside through the drain valve 155. The drain valve 155 is disposed at the lowest point of the fuel cell residual heat utilization system 100, that is, the drain valve 155 is located below other components in the fuel cell residual heat utilization system 100, so that the coolant can be discharged to the outside more.
In addition, the present invention further provides an energy system 160, as shown in fig. 1, the energy system 160 includes the fuel cell device 110 and the fuel cell waste heat utilization system 100 according to any one of the above technical solutions.
The energy system 160 includes a fuel cell device 110 and a fuel cell waste heat utilization system 100, the fuel cell device 110 includes a reactor 111 and a hydrogen storage device 140 for generating power by the hydrogen fuel cell, the fuel cell waste heat utilization system 100 includes a coolant circulation device 120 and a heat exchanger 130, the coolant in the coolant circulation device 120 flows to the fuel cell device 110 through a first liquid outlet 122 via a first liquid inlet 112, and flows out of the fuel cell device 110 through a first liquid outlet 113, and the coolant circulation device 120 carries heat generated during the reaction process of the fuel cell device 110 out of the reactor 111 to maintain the optimal operating temperature in the fuel cell device 110. After the cooling fluid flowing out to the cooling fluid circulation device 120 through the first fluid inlet 121 via the first fluid outlet 113 exchanges heat with the heat exchanger 130, a part of the cooling fluid flows back to the fuel cell device 110 through the first fluid inlet 112 to maintain the optimal operating temperature in the fuel cell device 110, and another part of the cooling fluid enters the hydrogen storage device 140 through the third fluid outlet 133 to generate hydrogen gas through an endothermic reaction, so as to provide hydrogen gas for the electrochemical reaction of the reactor 111. The energy system 160 can be reasonably adapted to the temperature of cold and heat sources, and the energy utilization rate is greatly improved.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a fuel cell waste heat utilization system, uses with fuel cell device is supporting, fuel cell device is used for hydrogen fuel cell electricity generation, fuel cell device includes reactor and hydrogen storage device, and has first inlet and first liquid outlet, its characterized in that, fuel cell waste heat utilization system includes coolant liquid circulating device and heat exchanger, wherein:
the cooling liquid circulating device is provided with a circulating pipeline, a first liquid inlet end and a first liquid outlet end, wherein the first liquid inlet end and the first liquid outlet end are positioned at two end parts of the circulating pipeline;
the heat exchanger is provided with a second liquid inlet end, a second liquid outlet end and a third liquid outlet end, the second liquid inlet end and the second liquid outlet end are both connected with the circulating pipeline, and the third liquid outlet end is connected with the hydrogen storage device.
2. The fuel cell waste heat utilization system according to claim 1, wherein the circulation line includes a main path, a first branch path, and a second branch path, the first branch path and the second branch path are both arranged in parallel with the main path, and have an intersection point at a position close to the first liquid outlet, the first liquid inlet and the first liquid outlet are both connected to the main path, and the second branch path is provided with a first electric heater.
3. The fuel cell waste heat utilization system according to claim 2, further comprising a first temperature control valve disposed on the main path, the first temperature control valve having a second liquid inlet, a third liquid inlet, and a second liquid outlet, the second liquid inlet being connected to the main path, the third liquid inlet being connected to the first branch path, and the second liquid outlet being connected to the main path.
4. The fuel cell waste heat utilization system of claim 3, wherein the heat exchanger is disposed on the main path and between the first liquid outlet and the first temperature control valve.
5. The fuel cell waste heat utilization system according to claim 3, further comprising a second temperature control valve disposed on the main path between the first temperature control valve and the first liquid inlet, the second temperature control valve having a fourth liquid inlet, a fifth liquid inlet, and a third liquid outlet, the fourth liquid inlet being connected to the main path, the fifth liquid inlet being connected to the second branch path, and the third liquid outlet being connected to the main path.
6. The fuel cell waste heat utilization system according to claim 5, further comprising a radiator and a first water pump that are provided on the main route, wherein the radiator is located between the first temperature control valve and the second temperature control valve, and the first water pump is located between the second temperature control valve and the first liquid inlet.
7. The fuel cell waste heat utilization system according to claim 6, wherein the circulation line further includes a third branch line, the third branch line connects the fuel cell device and the radiator, a deionizer and a liquid storage tank near a water inlet end of the first water pump are disposed on the third branch line, the liquid storage tank is provided with a pipeline for flowing a coolant to the main line, and the liquid storage tank connects the fuel cell device and the radiator and is located above the fuel cell device and the radiator.
8. The fuel cell waste heat utilization system of claim 1, wherein the hydrogen storage device comprises a solid state hydrogen storage tank connected with the heat exchanger and connected with the reactor;
the hydrogen storage device further comprises a fourth branch, the fourth branch is connected with the heat exchanger, and a second water pump, a second electric heater and the solid hydrogen storage tank are sequentially arranged on the fourth branch.
9. The fuel cell waste heat utilization system according to claim 1, further comprising a drain valve, a first temperature and pressure sensor, and a second temperature and pressure sensor, wherein the drain valve is used for discharging the coolant in the coolant circulation device to the outside, the first temperature and pressure sensor is disposed on the coolant circulation device and is close to the first liquid inlet, and the second temperature and pressure sensor is disposed on the coolant circulation device and is close to the first liquid outlet.
10. An energy system comprising said fuel cell device and a fuel cell waste heat utilization system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN113793947B (en) | 2023-11-14 |
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