CN116344861A - Proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system - Google Patents
Proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system Download PDFInfo
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- CN116344861A CN116344861A CN202310314452.6A CN202310314452A CN116344861A CN 116344861 A CN116344861 A CN 116344861A CN 202310314452 A CN202310314452 A CN 202310314452A CN 116344861 A CN116344861 A CN 116344861A
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 153
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 152
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 151
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003584 silencer Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 22
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04126—Humidifying
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
- H01M8/04164—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal by condensers, gas-liquid separators or filters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
- H01M8/04723—Temperature of the coolant
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention discloses a proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system, which comprises a fuel cell system, wherein the fuel cell system comprises a galvanic pile assembly, a hydrogen system, an air system and a cooling system; the cooling system comprises a first cooling circulation loop, wherein the first cooling circulation loop comprises a first plate heat exchanger and a second plate heat exchanger which are arranged in parallel; a heating system comprising a first heating circuit and a second heating circuit; the first heat supply loop comprises the first plate heat exchanger, and the second side of the first plate heat exchanger is connected with first heat supply equipment; the second heating circuit comprises the second plate heat exchanger, and the second side of the second plate heat exchanger is connected with second heating equipment. The invention combines the heat generated by the proton exchange membrane fuel cell with the daily life of the user, so that the heat utilization is maximized, and the energy utilization efficiency of the system is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system.
Background
The fuel cell cogeneration system is an energy supply technology for supplying electric energy and heat energy to users by utilizing a fuel cell power generation technology, has the advantages of high efficiency, low noise, small volume, low emission and the like, is suitable for a kilowatt-to-megawatt distributed power generation system close to the users, has the comprehensive energy utilization efficiency of more than 80 percent, and is one of important application of the fuel cell technology in the non-traffic field. The current global fuel cell technology route and application in the cogeneration field mainly comprise Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) and Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC). Among them, proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) are favored because of their high efficiency and environmental protection.
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell has the structural components of a proton exchange membrane, a Catalyst Layer (CL), a microporous layer (MPL), a Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL), a bipolar plate (BPP) and the like from the center to the two sides, and the power generation principle is that hydrogen loses electrons at an anode and is oxidized, and oxygen combines with hydrogen ions passing through the proton exchange membrane and electrons transmitted by an external circuit at a cathode to generate water and emit a large amount of heat. How to treat the heat is one of the most important problems in commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The energy conversion efficiency of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is about 50%, which means that 50% of energy is released in the form of heat energy, and the released heat is very large. How to use the heat generated by the proton exchange membrane fuel cell to realize the cogeneration so as to meet the requirements of the electric energy and the heat energy of the daily life of users, and has high research value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system, which aims to combine the heat generated by a proton exchange membrane fuel cell with the daily life of a user, maximize the heat utilization and improve the energy utilization efficiency of the system.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system, comprising:
the fuel cell system comprises a pile assembly, a hydrogen system, an air system and a cooling system, wherein the hydrogen system, the air system and the cooling system are all connected with the pile assembly; the hydrogen system is used for supplying and discharging hydrogen required by the electric pile assembly; the air system is used for supplying and exhausting air required by the electric pile assembly; the cooling system comprises a first cooling circulation loop, the first cooling circulation loop comprises a first plate heat exchanger and a second plate heat exchanger which are arranged in parallel, the first side of the first plate heat exchanger and the first time of the second plate heat exchanger are connected with the electric pile assembly, and a first liquid flows in the first cooling circulation loop and is used for cooling the electric pile assembly;
A heating system comprising a first heating circuit and a second heating circuit;
the first heat supply loop comprises the first plate heat exchanger, the second side of the first plate heat exchanger is connected with first heat supply equipment, and second liquid flows in the first heat supply loop and is used as a heat source of the first heat supply equipment; wherein the first plate heat exchanger is used for exchanging heat between the first liquid and the second liquid so that the temperature of the first liquid is reduced and the temperature of the second liquid is increased;
the second heat supply loop comprises the second plate heat exchanger, the second side of the second plate heat exchanger is connected with second heat supply equipment, and third liquid flows in the second heat supply loop and is used as a heat source of the second heat supply equipment; the second plate heat exchanger is used for exchanging heat between the first liquid and the third liquid so that the temperature of the first liquid is reduced and the temperature of the third liquid is increased.
Optionally, the pile assembly includes hydrogen inlet and hydrogen export, the hydrogen system includes hydrogen source and the hydrogen circulation loop that is linked together, hydrogen circulation loop cluster is equipped with the hydrogen circulating pump, the air inlet of hydrogen circulating pump with the hydrogen export intercommunication, the air outlet of hydrogen circulating pump with the hydrogen inlet intercommunication.
Optionally, the electric pile assembly comprises an air inlet and an air outlet, and the air system comprises an air inlet branch and an air outlet branch; the air inlet branch is sequentially provided with a first side of an air filter, an air compressor, an intercooler and a humidifier in series, and the first side of the humidifier is communicated with the air inlet; the air outlet branch is sequentially provided with a second side of the humidifier, a back pressure valve, a mixing chamber, a first gas-liquid separator and a silencer in series, the silencer is communicated with the outside, and the second side of the second humidifier is communicated with the air outlet.
Optionally, the hydrogen circulation loop is further provided with a second gas-liquid separator in series, and the second gas-liquid separator is positioned between the hydrogen outlet and the hydrogen circulation pump; the hydrogen circulation loop further comprises a drainage branch, the output end of the drainage branch is connected with the mixing chamber, the input end of the drainage branch is connected with the liquid output end of the second gas-liquid separator, and a drainage valve is arranged on the drainage branch.
Optionally, the pile assembly includes coolant inlet and coolant outlet, first cooling circulation loop is in proper order the cluster is equipped with first water pump, first filter, cooling device and parallelly connected setting first plate heat exchanger and second plate heat exchanger, first water pump with coolant inlet intercommunication, first plate heat exchanger's first side with second plate heat exchanger's first side all with coolant outlet intercommunication.
Optionally, the cooling device comprises a third plate heat exchanger, a first side of the third plate heat exchanger is arranged in the first cooling circulation loop, a second side of the third plate heat exchanger is connected with the cooling tower in series to form a second cooling circulation loop, and a fourth liquid flows in the second cooling circulation loop, wherein the third plate heat exchanger is used for exchanging heat between the first liquid and the fourth liquid so that the temperature of the first liquid is reduced and the temperature of the fourth liquid is increased.
Optionally, the cooling system further comprises a third cooling circulation loop, an inlet end of the third cooling circulation loop is arranged between the first water pump and the cooling liquid inlet, and an outlet end of the third cooling circulation loop is arranged between the first plate heat exchanger and the second plate heat exchanger which are arranged in parallel and the cooling liquid outlet; the third cooling circulation loop flows through the intercooler.
Optionally, the cooling system further comprises a first heating branch and a second heating branch, wherein an inlet end of the first heating branch is arranged between the first plate heat exchanger and the second plate heat exchanger which are connected in parallel and the cooling device through a first three-way valve, and an outlet end of the first heating branch is arranged between the cooling device and the first filter; a water heater is arranged on the first heating branch; the inlet end of the second heating branch is arranged between the first three-way valve and the water heater, the outlet end of the second heating branch is arranged between the cooling device and the first filter, and a first electromagnetic valve is arranged on the second heating branch.
Optionally, the cooling system further includes a first voltage stabilizing branch, an inlet end of the first voltage stabilizing branch is disposed between the cooling liquid outlet and the first plate heat exchanger and the second plate heat exchanger, which are disposed in parallel, an outlet end of the first voltage stabilizing branch is disposed between the cooling device and the first filter, and the first voltage stabilizing branch is sequentially connected with a deionizer and a first expansion tank in series.
Optionally, the first heat supply loop is sequentially connected with the second side of the first plate heat exchanger, the first heat supply device, the second water pump, the second electromagnetic valve and the second filter in series; the first heating circuit further comprises a first adjusting branch, the inlet end of the first adjusting branch is arranged between the second electromagnetic valve and the second filter, and the outlet end of the first adjusting branch is arranged between the first plate heat exchanger and the first heating equipment through a second three-way valve; wherein the first heating device comprises a floor heating device.
Optionally, the first heating circuit includes a second voltage stabilizing branch, an inlet end and an outlet end of the second voltage stabilizing branch are respectively disposed at two ends of the first heating device, and a second expansion tank is disposed on the second voltage stabilizing branch.
Optionally, the second heat supply loop is sequentially connected with a second side of the second plate heat exchanger, the second heat supply device, a third water pump, a third electromagnetic valve and a third filter in series; the second heating circuit further comprises a second adjusting branch, the inlet end of the second adjusting branch is arranged between the third electromagnetic valve and the third filter, and the outlet end of the third adjusting branch is arranged between the second plate heat exchanger and the second heating equipment through a third three-way valve; the second heating equipment comprises heating equipment and a hot water storage tank which are arranged in parallel.
Optionally, the second heating circuit includes a third voltage stabilizing branch, an inlet end and an outlet end of the third voltage stabilizing branch are respectively disposed at two ends of the second heating device, and a third expansion tank is disposed on the third voltage stabilizing branch.
Optionally, the hot water storage tank comprises a first water inlet, a second water inlet, a third water inlet, a first water outlet and a second water outlet; the first water inlet and the first water outlet are communicated with the second heat supply loop; the second water inlet is communicated with the liquid output end of the first gas-liquid separator, and the third water inlet is connected with an external tap water pipeline; the second water outlet is connected with a domestic water pipeline.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the cooling system is provided with a first plate heat exchanger and a second plate heat exchanger which are connected in parallel; the cooling system and the first heat supply loop/the second heat supply loop are mutually crosslinked through the first plate heat exchanger/the second plate heat exchanger, so that the first liquid with high heat after cooling the electric pile assembly exchanges heat with the second liquid/the third liquid through the first plate heat exchanger/the second plate heat exchanger, on one hand, the temperature of the first liquid is reduced so as to be used as the cooling liquid of the electric pile assembly again for recycling, and on the other hand, the temperature of the second liquid/the third liquid is increased so as to be used as the heat source of the first heat supply device/the second heat supply device, and therefore, the heat generated by the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is combined with daily life of a user, heat utilization is maximized, and the energy utilization efficiency of the system is improved. In addition, the flow of the second liquid/the third liquid flowing through the first plate heat exchanger/the second plate heat exchanger is controlled, so that the first heat supply equipment and the second heat supply equipment meet different temperature requirements.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of a PEMFC cogeneration system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell system in an embodiment of a PEM hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a first heating circuit in an embodiment of a PEMFC cogeneration system according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a second heating circuit in an embodiment of a PEMFC cogeneration system according to the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another connection between a first heating branch and a second heating branch in an embodiment of a PEM hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system according to the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of another connection between a first heating branch and a second heating branch in an embodiment of a cogeneration system for a PEM hydrogen fuel cell according to the present invention;
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system with multiple sets of fuel cells in an embodiment of the invention.
The names of the components marked in the figures are as follows:
the achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments.
Detailed Description
The following description of the present invention will be made more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is shown, however, some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that, if directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) are included in the embodiments of the present invention, the directional indications are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement conditions, etc. between the components in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indications are correspondingly changed.
Furthermore, the description of "first," "second," etc. in this disclosure is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to base that the technical solutions can be realized by those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent and not within the scope of protection claimed in the present invention.
The embodiment discloses a proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system, referring to fig. 1-4, comprising a fuel cell system 1, wherein the fuel cell system 1 comprises a galvanic pile assembly 2, a hydrogen system 3, an air system 4 and a cooling system 5, and the hydrogen system 3, the air system 4 and the cooling system 5 are all connected with the galvanic pile assembly 2; the hydrogen system 3 is used for supplying and discharging hydrogen required by the electric pile assembly 2; the air system 4 is used for supplying and exhausting air required by the electric pile assembly 2; the cooling system 5 comprises a first cooling circulation loop 6, the first cooling circulation loop 6 comprises a first plate heat exchanger 8 and a second plate heat exchanger 9 which are arranged in parallel, a first side of the first plate heat exchanger 8 and a first time of the second plate heat exchanger 9 are connected with the electric pile assembly 2, and a first liquid flows in the first cooling circulation loop 6; a heating system 10, the heating system 10 comprising a first heating circuit 11 and a second heating circuit 12; the first heating circuit 11 comprises a first plate heat exchanger 8, the second side of the first plate heat exchanger 8 being connected to a first heating device 13, a second liquid being flowing in the first heating circuit 11, the second liquid being intended to serve as a heat source for the first heating device 13; wherein the first plate heat exchanger 8 is used for exchanging heat between the first liquid and the second liquid so that the temperature of the first liquid decreases and the temperature of the second liquid increases; the second heating circuit 12 comprises a second plate heat exchanger 9, the second side of the second plate heat exchanger 9 being connected to a second heating device 14, a third liquid being flowing in the second heating circuit 12, the third liquid being intended to serve as a heat source for the second heating device 14; wherein the second plate heat exchanger 9 is arranged to exchange heat between the first liquid and the third liquid such that the temperature of the first liquid decreases and the temperature of the third liquid increases.
The cooling system 5 is provided with a first plate heat exchanger 8 and a second plate heat exchanger 9 which are connected in parallel; the cooling system 5 and the first heat supply loop 11/the second heat supply loop 12 are mutually crosslinked through the first plate heat exchanger 8/the second plate heat exchanger 9, so that the first liquid with high heat after cooling the electric pile assembly 2 exchanges heat with the second liquid/the third liquid through the first plate heat exchanger 8/the second plate heat exchanger 9, on one hand, the temperature of the first liquid is reduced so as to be recycled as the cooling liquid of the electric pile assembly 2, and on the other hand, the temperature of the second liquid/the third liquid is increased so as to be used as the heat source of the first heat supply device 13/the second heat supply device 14, thereby combining the heat generated by the proton exchange membrane fuel cell with the daily life of a user, maximizing the heat utilization and improving the energy utilization efficiency of the system. The first plate heat exchanger 8\the second plate heat exchanger 9 and a third plate heat exchanger 6031 appearing later are provided with two flow passages and four connectors, wherein one flow passage (a first side) flows through high-temperature liquid, and the other flow passage (a second side) flows through low-temperature liquid, and the high-temperature liquid and the low-temperature liquid exchange heat through the plate. Because the plate heat exchanger belongs to the prior art, the specific structure of the plate heat exchanger is not described in detail in the application.
In addition, the first heating equipment 13 is selected as the floor heating equipment 1301, the second heating equipment 14 is selected as the heating equipment 1401 and the hot water storage tank 1402, the inlet temperature required by the floor heating equipment 1301 is 60-50 ℃, the outlet temperature is 50-40 ℃, and the temperature difference is not more than 10 ℃; and the heating device 1401 requires an inlet temperature of 80 ℃, an outlet temperature of 60 ℃ and a temperature difference of 20 ℃. Since the inlet and outlet temperatures required by the floor heating device 1301 and the heating device 1402 are not identical, the floor heating device 1301 cannot be simply used in parallel with the heating device 1402. The flow rate of the second liquid/third liquid flowing through the first plate heat exchanger 8/second plate heat exchanger 9 can be controlled, so that the different temperature requirements of the first heat supply device 13 (floor heating device 1301) and the second heat supply device 14 (heating device 1401) can be met.
The voltage generated by the fuel cell system 1 is boosted by DCDC (i.e., boosting DC), and then is connected in parallel with the power cell to be commonly connected to a PCS energy storage converter (not shown in the drawing), the energy storage converter is connected to a power distribution cabinet, and the power distribution cabinet is connected to an electricity utilization end. Since the high voltage components of the fuel cell system 1 require dc high voltage power for start-up, a power cell (not shown) is required to provide the start-up high voltage power; since the power-variable response speed of the fuel cell system 1 is slow, a power cell is required to compensate for the situation of abrupt change of electric power; meanwhile, when the fuel cell system 1 is damaged, the power cell can maintain power supply for a period of time, so that the damage of equipment at the power end caused by the power failure of the power supply end of the fuel cell system 1 is prevented.
As a preferred version of the above embodiment, the stack assembly 2 includes an air inlet 203 and an air outlet 204, and the air system 4 includes an air inlet branch 401 and an air outlet branch 402; the air inlet branch 401 is sequentially provided with an air filter 4011, an air compressor 4013, an intercooler 4014 and a first side of a humidifier 403 in series, and the first side of the humidifier 403 is communicated with the air inlet 203; the outlet branch 402 is sequentially connected with a second side of the humidifier 403, a back pressure valve 4021, a mixing chamber 4022, a first gas-liquid separator 4023 and a muffler 4024 in series, the muffler 4024 is communicated with the outside, and a second side of the second humidifier 403 is communicated with the air outlet 204. So set up, utilize air cleaner 4011 to filter the impurity in the air, utilize air flowmeter 4012 to monitor air flow information, increase the power of air compressor 4013 when the air flow is not enough to and reduce the power of air compressor 4013 when the air flow exceeds the anticipated, ensure that pile assembly 2 can normally operate. The tail water and tail exhaust generated by the reaction of the electric pile assembly 2 are converged by the mixing chamber 4022 and then are discharged out of the fuel cell system 1 after being subjected to gas-liquid separation by the first gas-liquid separator 4023, and the muffler 4024 is used for reducing noise and improving the environmental protection of the fuel cell system 1.
As a preferred solution of the foregoing embodiment, the pile assembly 2 includes a hydrogen inlet 201 and a hydrogen outlet 202, the hydrogen system 3 includes a hydrogen source 301 and a hydrogen circulation loop 302 which are connected to each other, the hydrogen circulation loop 302 is serially provided with a hydrogen circulation pump 3021, an air inlet end of the hydrogen circulation pump 3021 is connected to the hydrogen outlet 202, and an air outlet end of the hydrogen circulation pump 3021 is connected to the hydrogen inlet 201. So set up, during operation, hydrogen source 301 is used for providing the hydrogen that pile assembly 2 needs, and hydrogen circulation loop 302 cluster is equipped with hydrogen circulation pump 3021, and hydrogen circulation pump 3021's inlet end and hydrogen export 202 intercommunication, hydrogen circulation pump 3021's outlet end and hydrogen entry 201 intercommunication to realize the hydrogen injection and the hydrogen exhaust to pile assembly 2, make hydrogen obtain circulating effective utilization through hydrogen circulation pump 3021 circulation.
Further, the hydrogen circulation loop 302 is further provided with a second gas-liquid separator 3022 in series, and the second gas-liquid separator 3022 is located between the hydrogen outlet 202 and the hydrogen circulation pump 3021; the hydrogen circulation circuit 302 further includes a drain branch 303, an output end of the drain branch 303 is connected to the mixing chamber 4022, an input end of the drain branch 303 is connected to a liquid output end of the second gas-liquid separator 3022, and a drain valve 3031 is provided on the drain branch 303. So set up, when pile assembly 2 is in operation, drain valve 3031 opens, and hydrogen enters pile assembly 2 from hydrogen source 301 through hydrogen inlet 201, and part of the hydrogen and tail drainage after the reaction enter second gas-liquid separator 3022, and second gas-liquid separator 3022 separates hydrogen and tail drainage. The separated tail drain enters the mixing chamber 4022 through the drain branch 303, and is discharged outside the fuel cell system 1 after being converged in the mixing chamber 4022. The separated hydrogen enters the hydrogen inlet 201 again through the hydrogen circulating pump 3021, and the recycling of the hydrogen is realized.
As a preferred solution of the foregoing embodiment, the electric pile assembly 2 includes the cooling liquid inlet 205 and the cooling liquid outlet 206, the first cooling circulation loop 6 is sequentially connected with the first water pump 601, the first filter 602, the cooling device 603, and the first plate heat exchanger 8 and the second plate heat exchanger 9 arranged in parallel, the first water pump 601 is communicated with the cooling liquid inlet 205, and the first side of the first plate heat exchanger 8 and the first side of the second plate heat exchanger 9 are both communicated with the cooling liquid outlet 206. So set up, utilize first water pump 601 as the power supply of first liquid, drive first liquid circulation flow in first cooling circulation circuit 6 to ensure the cooling of pile assembly 2. Meanwhile, if the thermal management system contains impurities, the liquid flow channel in the electric pile assembly 2 is easy to be blocked, so that the electric pile assembly 2 is damaged, and therefore, the first filter 602 is required to be arranged in the thermal management system to remove the impurities, so that the impurities are prevented from entering the electric pile assembly 2 to cause damage.
Further, the cooling device 603 comprises a third plate heat exchanger 6031, a first side of the third plate heat exchanger 6031 is arranged in the first cooling circulation loop 6, a second side of the third plate heat exchanger 6031 is connected in series with the cooling tower 6032 to form a second cooling circulation loop 6033, and a fourth liquid flows in the second cooling circulation loop 6033, wherein the third plate heat exchanger 6031 is used for exchanging heat between the first liquid and the fourth liquid so that the temperature of the first liquid decreases and the temperature of the fourth liquid increases. So configured, in the related art, the cooling device 603 in the cooling system 5 mainly adopts a radiator, which has high noise and high failure rate, and is relatively unsuitable for a high-power system of several hundred kw or more. The present embodiment uses the cooling tower 6032 to dissipate heat instead of the radiator, so that the above-mentioned disadvantages can be avoided. Specifically, the first cooling circulation loop 6 and the second cooling circulation loop 6033 are mutually crosslinked through the third plate heat exchanger 6031, so that the first liquid with high heat after cooling the electric pile assembly 2 exchanges heat with the fourth liquid through the third plate heat exchanger 6031, on one hand, the temperature of the first liquid is reduced so as to be used as the cooling liquid of the electric pile assembly 2 again, on the other hand, the temperature of the fourth liquid is increased, the fourth liquid after heating is cooled again through the cooling tower 6032, and preparation is made for subsequently cooling the first liquid, thereby realizing cooling of the first liquid and ensuring normal operation of the electric pile assembly 2.
Further, the cooling system 5 further comprises a third cooling circulation loop 15, wherein an inlet end of the third cooling circulation loop 15 is arranged between the first water pump 601 and the cooling liquid inlet 205, and an outlet end of the third cooling circulation loop 15 is arranged between the first plate heat exchanger 8 and the second plate heat exchanger 9 which are arranged in parallel and the cooling liquid outlet 206; the third cooling circulation loop 15 flows through the intercooler 4014. So set up, consider that the outside air is compressed through air compressor 4013 and then the temperature rises to form high-temperature high-pressure air, and it is required to cool down by intercooler 4014. Two flow channels are arranged in the intercooler 4014, one flow channel flows through air, the other flow channel flows through first liquid, and the high-temperature and high-pressure air compressed by the air compressor 4013 is cooled by the first liquid so as to meet the air temperature requirement of the inlet of the electric pile assembly 2. Because the intercooler 4014 belongs to the prior art, detailed description of specific structures thereof is omitted herein.
Further, the cooling system 5 further comprises a first heating branch 16 and a second heating branch 17, wherein an inlet end of the first heating branch 16 is arranged between the first plate heat exchanger 8 and the second plate heat exchanger 9 which are connected in parallel and the cooling device 603 through a first three-way valve 1601, and an outlet end of the first heating branch 16 is arranged between the cooling device 603 and the first filter 602; a water heater 1602 is provided on the first heating branch 16; the inlet end of the second heating branch 17 is arranged between the first three-way valve 1601 and the water heater 1602, the outlet end of the second heating branch 17 is arranged between the cooling device 603 and the first filter 602, and the second heating branch 17 is provided with a first solenoid valve 1702. The purpose of the second heating branch 17 is to solve the problem that the flow resistance of the water heater 1602 is too large, and the flow resistance of the water heater 1602 used in the industry is relatively large at present, if there is no second heating branch 17, when the required flow of the electric pile assembly 2 is large and the required flow of the third plate heat exchanger 6031 is small, the first heating branch 16 needs to have a large flow, and the water heater 1602 has a large flow resistance, so if the water heater 1602 has a large flow, the requirement can be met only by needing a high lift of the first water pump 601, and the lift of the first water pump 601 is too high, so that the power consumption of the first water pump 601 is greatly increased, the efficiency of the fuel cell system 1 is reduced, and meanwhile, the cost of the first water pump 601 is also increased, so that the second heating branch 17 is increased to split a part of the first liquid flowing through the first heating branch 16, so as to solve the technical problem.
The cooling system 5 mainly controls the temperature of the pile assembly 2 to a proper working temperature and a proper working temperature difference, and specifically comprises constant temperature control of the pile outlet temperature of cooling liquid (first liquid) and temperature difference control of an inlet and an outlet of the pile assembly 2;
(1) the concrete control mode of the constant temperature control of the cooling liquid outlet pile temperature is as follows:
before the fuel cell system 1 is started, the first water pump 601 in the cooling system 5 is started at a certain low rotation speed; by determining the coolant off-stack temperature (i.e., the temperature detected by the second temperature sensor (disposed at the coolant outlet 206)), if the first liquid off-stack temperature is less than or equal to 5 ℃ in winter, the water heater 1602 is turned on; closing the first solenoid valve 1702 so that the first liquid does not flow through the second heating branch 17; the first three-way valve 1601 is set at a default opening 0 (the first three-way ball valve: when the valve is at the opening 0, the parallel branch of the water heater 1602 and the first electromagnetic valve 1702 is fully opened, the third plate heat exchanger 6031 is fully closed, the first liquid only flows to the parallel branch of the water heater 1602 and the first electromagnetic valve 1702, when the valve is at the opening 100, the parallel branch of the water heater 1602 and the first electromagnetic valve 1702 is fully closed, the third plate heat exchanger 6031 is fully opened, and the first liquid only flows to the third plate heat exchanger 6031); cooling tower 6032 is not started. The first liquid is heated by the water heater 1602 to gradually rise in temperature, when the temperature rises to a temperature (5 ℃ assumed) at which the electric pile assembly 2 can be started, namely, the first liquid outlet temperature is more than 5 ℃, the electric pile assembly 2 is started to enable the electric pile assembly 2 to react to generate electricity, if a user has no requirement on the time from starting to stably operate at the optimal working temperature of the fuel cell system 1, the water heater 1602 can be closed after the electric pile assembly 2 is started, and the water temperature is heated to the optimal temperature by the heat of the electric pile assembly 2. If the customer has a requirement on the time from starting to stable operation at the optimal working temperature of the fuel cell system 1, after the electric pile assembly 2 is started, the water heater 1602 continues to heat, when the water heater 1602 heats the water temperature to a higher temperature (assuming that the first liquid pile-out temperature is more than 60 ℃) and then closes the water heater 1602, the water temperature continues to heat and heat up by the reaction of the electric pile assembly 2, when the water temperature continues to heat up to be close to a proper target temperature (assuming that the first liquid pile-out temperature is more than 75 ℃), the first electromagnetic valve 1702 is opened, the cooling tower 6032 is started, the opening of the first three-way valve 1601 is gradually opened, the flow rate of the first liquid entering the third plate heat exchanger 6031 is regulated by regulating the opening of the first three-way valve 1601 under different power working conditions of the fuel cell system 1, so as to control the heat exchange amount of the third plate heat exchanger 6031, and further control the mixed temperature of the two branches, the mixed temperature entering the electric pile is kept constant at the target temperature, and the opening of the first three-way valve 1601 is regulated by comparing the target temperature of the first liquid pile-out temperature with the actual temperature detected by the first temperature sensor, and the opening of the first three-way valve 1601 is controlled automatically.
(2) The specific control mode of the temperature difference control of the inlet and outlet of the electric pile assembly 2 is as follows:
under different operating powers of the fuel cell system 1, the flow of the first cooling circulation loop 6 is regulated mainly by regulating the rotating speed of the first water pump 601, so as to control the temperature difference between the inlet and the outlet of the electric pile assembly 2. The target temperature difference of the inlet and the outlet of the galvanic pile assembly 2 is compared with the difference between the temperatures actually detected by the first temperature sensor (arranged at the cooling liquid inlet 205) and the second temperature sensor (arranged at the cooling liquid outlet 206), and the rotating speed of the first water pump 601 is adjusted through a PID algorithm, so that the actual temperature difference is rapidly controlled to the target temperature difference.
Furthermore, the first heating branch 16 and the second heating branch 17 may also be arranged as shown in fig. 5, i.e. with the inlet end of the first heating branch 16 being arranged between the first plate heat exchanger 8 and the second plate heat exchanger 9 connected in parallel and the cooling liquid outlet 206 via a first three-way valve 1601, the remainder being arranged in accordance with the embodiments described above. At this time, the temperature constant control of the coolant (first liquid) outlet of the fuel cell system 1 and the temperature difference control of the inlet and outlet of the stack assembly 2 are the same as described above.
Furthermore, the first heating branch 16 and the second heating branch 17 may also be arranged as shown in fig. 6, i.e. the inlet end of the first heating branch 16 is arranged between the first plate heat exchanger 8 and the second plate heat exchanger 9 connected in parallel and the cooling liquid outlet 206 via a first three-way valve 1601, the outlet end of the first heating branch 16 is arranged between the cooling device 603 and the first filter 602; the inlet end of the second heating branch 17 is arranged between the first plate heat exchanger 8 and the second plate heat exchanger 9 connected in parallel and the cooling device 603 via a fourth three-way valve 1701, and the outlet end of the second heating branch 17 is arranged between the cooling device 603 and the first filter 602. At this time, the first three-way valve 1601 has only a switching value, and cannot adjust different opening degrees; when first three-way valve 1601 is in the closed state, water heater 1602 is in the conducting state and the plate heat exchanger is in the non-conducting state; when first three-way valve 1601 is in an open state, water heater 1602 is in a non-conducting state and the plate heat exchanger is in a conducting state. At this time, the temperature constant control of the coolant (first liquid) outlet of the fuel cell system 1 differs from the temperature difference control of the inlet and outlet of the stack assembly 2. The specific control mode is as follows: after the first three-way valve 1601 is opened, the first liquid flows through the plate heat exchanger, at this time, the cooling tower 6032 is started, the fourth three-way valve 1701 is gradually opened, under different power working conditions of the fuel cell system 1, the flow entering the third plate heat exchanger 6031 is adjusted by adjusting the opening of the fourth three-way valve 1701, so as to control the heat exchange amount of the third plate heat exchanger 6031, further control the temperature after mixing the two branches, ensure that the temperature entering the electric pile assembly 2 after mixing is constant at the target temperature, specifically compare the target temperature of the discharged pile of the cooling liquid with the actual temperature detected by the temperature sensor, adjust the opening of the fourth three-way valve 1701 by a PID control algorithm, and automatically control the discharged pile temperature to the target temperature.
Further, the cooling system 5 further includes a first pressure stabilizing branch 18, an inlet end of the first pressure stabilizing branch 18 is disposed between the cooling liquid outlet 206 and the first plate heat exchanger 8 and the second plate heat exchanger 9 disposed in parallel, an outlet end of the first pressure stabilizing branch 18 is disposed between the cooling device 603 and the first filter 602, and the first pressure stabilizing branch 18 is sequentially connected in series with the deionizer 1801 and the first expansion tank 1802. The first expansion tank 1802 is mainly used for providing a first liquid expansion space, water replenishment, pressure stabilization, exhaust, etc. in the cooling system 5. The reliability and stability of the fuel cell cooling system 5 are improved by providing the first voltage stabilizing branch 18. Meanwhile, since the electric pile assembly 2 of the fuel cell system 1 is sensitive to the conductivity, the electric conductivity of the first liquid is too high after passing through the electric pile assembly 2, so that the insulation resistance of the whole system is reduced, a deionizing device 1801 is required to be arranged to specially remove conductive ions in the first liquid, reduce the electric conductivity of the first liquid of the whole system, improve the insulation resistance of the system, prolong the service life of the electric pile assembly 2, and improve the electrical safety of the system.
As a preferable scheme of the above embodiment, the first heat supply circuit 11 is sequentially connected in series with the second side of the first plate heat exchanger 8, the first heat supply device 13, the second water pump 1101, the second solenoid valve 1102, and the second filter 1103; the first heating circuit 11 further comprises a first regulating branch 19, the inlet end of the first regulating branch 19 being arranged between the second solenoid valve 1102 and the second filter 1103, the outlet end of the first regulating branch 19 being arranged between the first plate heat exchanger 8 and the first heating device 13 via a second three-way valve 1901; wherein the first heating device 13 comprises a floor heating device. So set up, utilize second water pump 1101 to be the power supply of second liquid, drive the circulation flow of second liquid in first heating circuit 11 to ensure to provide the heat source for ground heating equipment. Furthermore, the second filter 1103 is used for filtering impurities in the first heating circuit 11, avoiding clogging of the first plate heat exchanger 8.
Wherein, the inlet temperature required by the floor heating equipment is 60-50 ℃, the outlet temperature is 50-40 ℃, and the temperature difference is less than 10 ℃. The specific control mode of inlet temperature constant temperature control and inlet and outlet temperature difference control of the floor heating equipment is as follows:
(1) constant temperature control of inlet temperature of floor heating equipment:
the constant temperature control of the inlet temperature of the floor heating equipment is mainly controlled by the opening of a second three-way valve 1901, the second three-way valve 1901 is an electric three-way valve with two inlets and one outlet, the opening of the second three-way valve 1901 is adjusted, the flow entering the first plate heat exchanger 8 is adjusted, so that the heat exchange quantity of the first plate heat exchanger 8 is controlled, the temperature of second liquid after the first heat supply loop 11 and the first adjusting branch 19 are further controlled to be mixed, the temperature of the second liquid entering the floor heating equipment is kept constant at the target temperature, and the inlet temperature of the floor heating equipment is compared with the actual temperature detected by a third temperature sensor (arranged at the inlet end of the first heat supply equipment 13), the opening of the second three-way valve 1901 is adjusted by a PID control algorithm, and the inlet temperature of the floor heating equipment is automatically controlled to the target temperature.
(2) Controlling the temperature difference between an inlet and an outlet of floor heating equipment:
if the second water pump 1101 with the fixed rotation speed is selected, the opening of the second electromagnetic valve 1102 is controlled to adjust the flow of the floor heating device, so as to control the inlet-outlet temperature difference of the floor heating device. The target temperature difference of the ground heating inlet and outlet is compared with the difference between the temperatures actually detected by a third temperature sensor (arranged at the inlet end of the first heat supply equipment 13) and a fourth temperature sensor (arranged at the outlet end of the first heat supply equipment 13), and the opening degree of the second electromagnetic valve 1102 is adjusted through a PID algorithm, so that the actual temperature difference is rapidly controlled to the target temperature difference.
If the second water pump 1101 with adjustable rotation speed is selected, the rotation speed of the second water pump 1101 is mainly adjusted, so that the flow of the floor heating equipment is adjusted, and the temperature difference between the inlet and the outlet of the floor heating equipment is controlled. The temperature difference between the inlet and outlet target temperature differences of the floor heating equipment and the temperature actually detected by a third temperature sensor (arranged at the inlet end of the first heating equipment 13) and a fourth temperature sensor (arranged at the outlet end of the first heating equipment 13) is compared, and the rotating speed of the second water pump 1101 is adjusted through a PID algorithm, so that the actual temperature difference is rapidly controlled to the target temperature difference.
Further, the first heating circuit 11 includes a second pressure stabilizing branch 20, an inlet end and an outlet end of the second pressure stabilizing branch 20 are respectively disposed at two ends of the first heating device 13, and a second expansion tank 2001 is disposed on the second pressure stabilizing branch 20. The second expansion tank 2001 mainly serves to provide a second liquid expansion space, water supply, pressure stabilization, exhaust, etc. in the first heating circuit 11.
Further, the second side of the first plate heat exchanger 8, the first heat supply device 13, the second water pump 1101, the second solenoid valve 1102 and the front and rear sides of the second filter 1103 are provided with stop valves. So set up, when changing spare part, prevent through the stop valve that second liquid from flowing out in the first heating circuit 11, conveniently change spare part. Without a stop valve, the first heating circuit 11 needs to be drained, water added and exhausted again every time parts are replaced, and maintenance is extremely troublesome.
As a preferred solution of the above embodiment, the second heat supply circuit 12 is provided with the second side of the second plate heat exchanger 9, the second heat supply device 14, the third water pump 1201, the third solenoid valve 1202 and the third filter 1203 in series; the second heating circuit 12 further comprises a second regulating branch 21, the inlet end of the second regulating branch 21 being arranged between the third solenoid valve 1202 and the third filter 1203, the outlet end of the third regulating branch being arranged between the second plate heat exchanger 9 and the second heating device 14 via a third three-way valve 2101; the second heating apparatus 14 includes a heating apparatus 1401 and a hot water storage tank 1402 which are arranged in parallel. So arranged, after the third liquid is heated by the second plate heat exchanger 9, the third liquid passes through the hot water storage tank 1402 and the heating equipment 1401, the hot water storage tank 1402 and the heating equipment 1401 are connected in parallel, a fourth electromagnetic valve 1403 is added to a branch of the heating equipment 1401, when the heating equipment 1401 has heating requirements, the fourth electromagnetic valve 1403 is opened, and the third liquid flows through the heating equipment 1401; when the heating device 1401 has no heating demand, the fourth solenoid valve 1403 is closed and the third liquid does not flow through the heating device 1401.
Wherein, the inlet temperature of the heating equipment 1401 is 80 ℃, the outlet temperature is 60 ℃, and the temperature difference is controlled at 20 ℃. The specific control manner of the inlet temperature constant control and the inlet and outlet temperature difference control of the heating device 1401 is the same as that of the floor heating device 1301, and thus will not be described in detail.
Further, the second heating circuit 12 includes a third pressure stabilizing branch 22, the inlet end and the outlet end of the third pressure stabilizing branch 22 are respectively disposed at two ends of the second heating device 14, and a third expansion tank 2201 is disposed on the third pressure stabilizing branch 22. The third expansion tank 2201 is mainly used for providing a third liquid expansion space, water supplementing, pressure stabilizing, air exhausting and the like in the second heating circuit 12.
Further, the second side of the second plate heat exchanger 9, the second heat supply device 14, the third water pump 1201, the third solenoid valve 1202 and the third filter 1203 are provided with shut-off valves on both front and rear sides. So set up, when changing spare part, prevent through the stop valve that the third liquid in the second heating circuit 12 from flowing out, conveniently change spare part. Without a shut-off valve, the second heating circuit 12 would need to be re-drained, water added and exhausted every time parts are replaced, which is extremely troublesome to maintain.
Further, the hot water storage tank 1402 includes a first water inlet, a second water inlet, a third water inlet, a first water outlet, and a second water outlet; the first water inlet and the first water outlet are communicated with the second heating loop 12; the second water inlet is communicated with the liquid output end of the first gas-liquid separator 4023, and the third water inlet is connected with an external tap water pipeline 23; the second water outlet is connected with a domestic water pipeline 24. Wherein, the hot water storage tank is internally provided with a high liquid level sensor and a low liquid level sensor (not shown in the drawing), and the total number of the ports is 5. The first water inlet and the first water outlet are connected to the second heating circuit 12, and form a circulation circuit together with the plate heat exchanger and the third water pump 1201; the third water inlet is connected with a tap water pipeline 23, an electromagnetic valve is arranged on the tap water pipeline 23, when the low liquid level sensor detects that the liquid level is low, the electromagnetic valve is opened to supplement water source for the hot water storage tank 1402, and when the high liquid level sensor detects that the water level rises to the high liquid level, the electromagnetic valve is closed to stop supplying water for the hot water storage tank 1402; wherein the second water outlet is connected to the domestic water pipeline 24, and can provide daily hot water requirements (bath, wash basin, etc.); the second water inlet is connected to the liquid output end of the first gas-liquid separator 4023, tail exhaust gas and tail drain water are separated through the first gas-liquid separator 4023, and the separated tail drain water is introduced into the hot water supply storage tank 1402 for use through the tail drain pipeline 26, so that the tail drain water has a relatively high temperature, can be just used for domestic hot water, and simultaneously is equivalent to utilizing heat of the tail drain water.
The tail drainage pipeline 26 is sequentially provided with a fourth water pump 2601 and a water storage tank 2602, and tail drainage is conveyed to the hot water storage tank 1402 by taking the fourth water pump 2601 as a power source. There are two control modes depending on the type of the water storage tank 2602:
mode one: the reservoir 2602 is provided with only a low level sensor, controlled as follows: through test calibration, the time for water in the water storage tank 2602 to accumulate to the highest liquid level when the water storage tank is stably operated under different operating powers is long; the system records the length of time it takes for the water in the reservoir 2602 to accumulate to the maximum level from start-up to steady operation. Assuming that the time taken for the system to accumulate water in the water storage tank 2602 to the highest liquid level from start-up to steady operation at a certain P power is X1 seconds, and the time taken for steady operation at a certain P power is X2 seconds; when the system is started up for X1, the fourth water pump 2601 is started to transport water in the water storage tank 2602 to the hot water storage tank 1402, when the liquid level sensor of the water storage tank 2602 detects that the liquid level is low, the fourth water pump 2601 stops working, timing is restarted after the fourth water pump 2601 stops working every time, after X2 seconds, the fourth water pump 2601 is started again, and the fourth water pump 2601 is started and stopped repeatedly in a circulating mode to transport water in the water storage tank 2602 to the hot water storage tank 1402.
Mode two: the water storage tank 2602 is provided with a high-low liquid level sensor, and is controlled as follows: when the water storage tank 2602 detects a high liquid level, the fourth water pump 2601 is turned on; when a low liquid level is detected, the fourth water pump 2601 is turned off.
As a preferred version of the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, a cogeneration scheme is disclosed with multiple sets of fuel cell systems 1, each set of fuel cell systems 1 being connected in parallel with a first heating circuit 11; each set of fuel cell system 1 is connected with the second heat supply loop 12 in parallel, and tail drainage of each set of fuel cell system 1 is connected with a hot water storage tank in parallel and is utilized.
It should be noted that, other contents of the co-generation system of the proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell disclosed in the present invention are the prior art, and are not described herein.
The foregoing is merely an alternative embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all applications of the present invention directly/indirectly in other related technical fields are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system is characterized in that: comprising the following steps:
the fuel cell system comprises a pile assembly, a hydrogen system, an air system and a cooling system, wherein the hydrogen system, the air system and the cooling system are all connected with the pile assembly; the hydrogen system is used for supplying and discharging hydrogen required by the electric pile assembly; the air system is used for supplying and exhausting air required by the electric pile assembly; the cooling system comprises a first cooling circulation loop, the first cooling circulation loop comprises a first plate heat exchanger and a second plate heat exchanger which are arranged in parallel, the first side of the first plate heat exchanger and the first time of the second plate heat exchanger are connected with the electric pile assembly, and a first liquid flows in the first cooling circulation loop and is used for cooling the electric pile assembly;
A heating system comprising a first heating circuit and a second heating circuit;
the first heat supply loop comprises the first plate heat exchanger, the second side of the first plate heat exchanger is connected with first heat supply equipment, and second liquid flows in the first heat supply loop and is used as a heat source of the first heat supply equipment; wherein the first plate heat exchanger is used for exchanging heat between the first liquid and the second liquid so that the temperature of the first liquid is reduced and the temperature of the second liquid is increased;
the second heat supply loop comprises the second plate heat exchanger, the second side of the second plate heat exchanger is connected with second heat supply equipment, and third liquid flows in the second heat supply loop and is used as a heat source of the second heat supply equipment; the second plate heat exchanger is used for exchanging heat between the first liquid and the third liquid so that the temperature of the first liquid is reduced and the temperature of the third liquid is increased.
2. The proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system according to claim 1, wherein: the electric pile assembly comprises a hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet, the hydrogen system comprises a hydrogen source and a hydrogen circulation loop which are communicated, the hydrogen circulation loop is provided with a hydrogen circulation pump in series, the air inlet end of the hydrogen circulation pump is communicated with the hydrogen outlet, and the air outlet end of the hydrogen circulation pump is communicated with the hydrogen inlet.
3. The proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system according to claim 1, wherein: the electric pile assembly comprises an air inlet and an air outlet, and the air system comprises an air inlet branch and an air outlet branch; the air inlet branch is sequentially provided with a first side of an air filter, an air compressor, an intercooler and a humidifier in series, and the first side of the humidifier is communicated with the air inlet; the air outlet branch is sequentially provided with a second side of the humidifier, a back pressure valve, a mixing chamber, a silencer and a first gas-liquid separator in series, the gas output end of the first gas-liquid separator is communicated with the outside, and the second side of the second humidifier is communicated with the air outlet.
4. The proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system according to claim 1, wherein: the electric pile assembly comprises a cooling liquid inlet and a cooling liquid outlet, wherein a first water pump, a first filter, a cooling device and a first plate heat exchanger and a second plate heat exchanger which are arranged in parallel are sequentially arranged in series in the first cooling circulation loop, the first water pump is communicated with the cooling liquid inlet, and the first side of the first plate heat exchanger and the first side of the second plate heat exchanger are communicated with the cooling liquid outlet.
5. The co-generation system of proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cells of claim 4, wherein: the cooling device comprises a third plate heat exchanger, a first side of the third plate heat exchanger is arranged in the first cooling circulation loop, a second side of the third plate heat exchanger is connected with the cooling tower in series to form a second cooling circulation loop, and fourth liquid flows in the second cooling circulation loop, wherein the third plate heat exchanger is used for exchanging heat between the first liquid and the fourth liquid so that the temperature of the first liquid is reduced and the temperature of the fourth liquid is increased.
6. The proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system of claim 5, wherein: the cooling system further comprises a third cooling circulation loop, wherein the inlet end of the third cooling circulation loop is arranged between the first water pump and the cooling liquid inlet, and the outlet end of the third cooling circulation loop is arranged between the first plate heat exchanger and the second plate heat exchanger which are arranged in parallel and the cooling liquid outlet; the third cooling circulation loop flows through the intercooler.
7. The proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system of claim 5, wherein: the cooling system further comprises a first heating branch and a second heating branch, wherein the inlet end of the first heating branch is arranged between the first plate heat exchanger and the second plate heat exchanger which are connected in parallel and the cooling device through a first three-way valve, and the outlet end of the first heating branch is arranged between the cooling device and the first filter; a water heater is arranged on the first heating branch; the inlet end of the second heating branch is arranged between the first three-way valve and the water heater, the outlet end of the second heating branch is arranged between the cooling device and the first filter, and a first electromagnetic valve is arranged on the second heating branch.
8. The proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system according to claim 1, wherein: the first heat supply loop is sequentially connected with the second side of the first plate heat exchanger, the first heat supply equipment, the second water pump, the second electromagnetic valve and the second filter in series; the first heating circuit further comprises a first adjusting branch, the inlet end of the first adjusting branch is arranged between the second electromagnetic valve and the second filter, and the outlet end of the first adjusting branch is arranged between the first plate heat exchanger and the first heating equipment through a second three-way valve; wherein the first heating device comprises a floor heating device.
9. The proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system according to claim 1, wherein: the second heat supply loop is sequentially connected with a second side of the second plate heat exchanger, the second heat supply equipment, a third water pump, a third electromagnetic valve and a third filter in series; the second heating circuit further comprises a second adjusting branch, the inlet end of the second adjusting branch is arranged between the third electromagnetic valve and the third filter, and the outlet end of the third adjusting branch is arranged between the second plate heat exchanger and the second heating equipment through a third three-way valve; the second heating equipment comprises heating equipment and a hot water storage tank which are arranged in parallel.
10. The proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system according to claim 9, wherein: the hot water storage tank comprises a first water inlet, a second water inlet, a third water inlet, a first water outlet and a second water outlet; the first water inlet and the first water outlet are communicated with the second heat supply loop; the second water inlet is communicated with the liquid output end of the first gas-liquid separator, and the third water inlet is connected with an external tap water pipeline; the second water outlet is connected with a domestic water pipeline.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310314452.6A CN116344861A (en) | 2023-03-28 | 2023-03-28 | Proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116960399A (en) * | 2023-09-20 | 2023-10-27 | 爱德曼氢能源装备有限公司 | Megawatt hydrogen fuel cell distributed power generation system |
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| CN116960399B (en) * | 2023-09-20 | 2023-12-12 | 爱德曼氢能源装备有限公司 | Megawatt hydrogen fuel cell distributed power generation system |
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