CN113675433B - Multi-mode fuel cell test bench thermal management system and control method thereof - Google Patents

Multi-mode fuel cell test bench thermal management system and control method thereof Download PDF

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CN113675433B
CN113675433B CN202110970137.XA CN202110970137A CN113675433B CN 113675433 B CN113675433 B CN 113675433B CN 202110970137 A CN202110970137 A CN 202110970137A CN 113675433 B CN113675433 B CN 113675433B
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outlet
cooling
loop
threshold value
inlet
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CN113675433A (en
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邓波
杜坤
毛占鑫
何云强
许向国
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Caic New Energy Technology Co ltd
China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co Ltd
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China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H01M8/04358—Temperature; Ambient temperature of the coolant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04768—Pressure; Flow of the coolant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04955—Shut-off or shut-down of fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly discloses a multi-mode fuel cell test bench thermal management system and a control method thereof. The engine module is communicated with the coolant pump through the guide pipe, and is communicated with the heating module through the guide pipe to form a heating loop, and is communicated with the cooling module through the guide pipe to form a cooling loop, and the guide pipe is internally provided with a coolant. The upper computer selects the working mode, controls the on-off of each loop and the flow of circulating cooling liquid under different conditions, widens the power test range of the engine, improves the temperature response speed, and can serve the detection of the starting of fuel cells with different powers.

Description

Multi-mode fuel cell test bench thermal management system and control method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a multi-mode fuel cell test bench thermal management system and a control method thereof.
Background
The fuel cell has the characteristics of high energy conversion efficiency, low working temperature, low noise, zero pollution and the like, the utilization rate of the fuel cell has shown explosive growth trend in the recent years, and the fuel cell engine is a chemical reaction power device which directly converts chemical energy into electric energy through electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen.
Along with the gradual increase of the commercialization process of the fuel cell engine, the development, the manufacture and the production of the fuel cell engine are greatly promoted, and in order to ensure the reliability, the safety and the good order of the market competition of the fuel cell engine, the fuel cell engine is required to be subjected to third party detection authentication before leaving the factory. The authentication process needs to test the performance of the fuel cell engine from multiple aspects, comprehensively grasp the running state of the fuel cell engine through the test, and make the quality judgment of the performance indexes of all aspects.
In the case of inspecting a fuel cell engine, a third party inspection mechanism is required to be additionally equipped with a test stand compatible with the inspected engine, and the inspection process is required to truly reflect the performance of the engine in all aspects. However, for the engine detection mechanism, the received detected engine has different requirements on the thermal management characteristics of the engine due to different technical routes of developers, so that more problems are brought to the suitability of an engine test bench; secondly, the requirements of the engine temperature and the temperature difference control interval are different, so that the hardware configuration and the software control method of the thermal management system are difficult to meet simultaneously. Therefore, the existing fuel cell engine test has the problems of small test power coverage range and narrow temperature difference control range.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is to provide a multi-mode heat management system of a fuel cell engine test board, which widens the power test range of the engine and improves the temperature control precision.
The basic scheme provided by the invention is as follows: the heat management system of the multi-mode fuel cell test stand comprises an upper computer, an engine module, a heating module, a cooling liquid pump and a conduit, wherein the engine module is communicated with the cooling liquid pump through the conduit and is communicated with the heating module through the conduit to form a heating loop, and is communicated with the cooling module through the conduit to form a cooling loop, and the conduit is internally provided with cooling liquid;
the engine module comprises a tested fuel cell engine, an inlet temperature sensor and an outlet temperature sensor are respectively arranged at the inlet end and the outlet end of the fuel cell engine, and the inlet temperature sensor and the outlet temperature sensor are electrically connected with an upper computer and are used for detecting inlet temperature and outlet temperature and uploading the detected temperature to the upper computer;
the heating module comprises a heating device, a heating loop control device and a heating loop flow device which are all electrically connected with the upper computer, wherein the heating loop control device is used for controlling the on-off of a heating loop, the heating loop flow device is used for controlling the flow of cooling liquid entering the heating module, and the heating device is used for heating the cooling liquid entering the heating module;
The cooling module comprises a cooling device, a cooling circuit control device, a cooling circuit flow device and a cooling circuit control device, wherein the cooling device, the cooling circuit control device and the cooling circuit flow device are all electrically connected with the upper computer, the cooling circuit control device is used for controlling the on-off of the cooling circuit, the cooling circuit flow device is used for controlling the flow of cooling liquid entering the cooling circuit, and the cooling device is used for cooling the cooling liquid entering the cooling circuit;
the upper computer comprises a mode selection module, a temperature acquisition module, a temperature judgment module and a system control module;
the mode selection module is used for selecting a working mode;
the temperature acquisition module is used for acquiring the inlet temperature and the outlet temperature detected by the inlet temperature sensor and the outlet temperature sensor;
the temperature judging module is preset with inlet thresholds of inlet temperatures and outlet thresholds of outlet temperatures in various working modes, and judges the relation between the inlet temperatures and the inlet thresholds of the current working mode and the relation between the outlet temperatures and the outlet thresholds;
the system control module comprises an on-off control module, a device control module and a flow control module;
the on-off control module is used for sending control instructions to the heating loop control device and the cooling loop control device according to the selected working mode;
The device control module is used for sending control instructions to the heating device and the cooling device according to the relation between the inlet temperature and the inlet threshold value and the relation between the outlet threshold value and the outlet temperature of the current working mode;
and the flow control module is used for sending control instructions to the heating loop flow device and the cooling loop flow device according to the relation between the inlet threshold value and the inlet temperature and the relation between the outlet threshold value and the outlet temperature of the current working mode.
The principle and the advantages of the invention are as follows: the heat generated by the fuel cell engine during the test requires the heat management system to consume and transfer or the heat management system to supply a certain amount of heat, so that the cooling liquid in the conduit is heated by the heating module in the heating loop, thereby providing a certain amount of heat to the fuel cell engine. The coolant in the conduit is cooled by a cooling module in the cooling circuit, thereby transferring heat generated by the fuel cell engine. The inlet temperature before the coolant flows into the fuel cell engine and the outlet temperature after the coolant flows out of the fuel cell engine are detected by the inlet temperature sensor and the outlet temperature sensor, and the detected temperatures are fed back to the upper computer. The heating loop control device blocks the heating loop when the cooling liquid is not required to be heated; the cooling circuit control device blocks the cooling circuit when the cooling liquid does not need to be heated.
The upper computer selects a working mode through the mode selection module, and the on-off control module controls the on-off of the heating loop and the cooling loop through the heating loop control device and the cooling loop control device according to the selected working mode, so as to control the heat transfer of the fuel cell engine or provide heat for the fuel cell engine. The device control module controls the heating device and the cooling device according to the preset inlet threshold value and the detected inlet temperature of the current working mode and the relation between the preset outlet threshold value and the detected outlet temperature, and the flow control module controls the flow of cooling liquid in the heating circuit and the cooling circuit through the heating circuit flow device and the cooling circuit flow device according to the preset inlet threshold value and the detected inlet temperature and the relation between the preset outlet threshold value and the detected outlet temperature of the current working mode, so that the heating and cooling efficiency is regulated and controlled. Compared with the prior art, the engine power test range is widened, the temperature response speed is improved and the detection of the starting of the fuel cells with different powers can be served by changing the running state and the control mode of each hardware.
Further, the cooling module comprises an air cooling module and a liquid cooling module, and the air cooling module and the liquid cooling module are connected in parallel to form an air cooling loop and a liquid cooling loop respectively; the cooling device comprises an air cooling device and a liquid cooling device, the cooling loop control device comprises an air cooling control device and a liquid cooling control device, and the cooling loop flow device comprises an air cooling flow device and a liquid cooling flow device;
the air cooling loop comprises an air cooling device, an air cooling control device and an air cooling flow device;
the liquid cooling loop comprises a liquid cooling device, a liquid cooling control device and a liquid cooling flow device; the liquid cooling device comprises a hot side, a cold source channel, a cold source control device and a cold source flow device, wherein the hot side of the liquid cooling device is communicated in the liquid cooling loop, the cold side is communicated with a cold source inlet and a cold source outlet to form a cold source branch, a cold source flows in the cold source channel, the cold source control device is used for controlling the opening and closing of the cold source branch, and the cold source flow device is used for controlling the flow of the cold source in the cold source branch.
The cooling liquid is cooled by the air cooling mode and the liquid cooling mode, and the air cooling mode and the liquid cooling mode are provided with independent loops, so that the cooling liquid can be operated simultaneously and also can be operated independently. The air cooling loop cools the cooling liquid through the air cooling device, is suitable for radiating the engine with low power heat load in the test process, the liquid cooling device cools the cooling liquid through the liquid cooling device, is suitable for the engine with medium and high power heat load and radiating in the test, and the upper computer can control the cooling efficiency when the air cooling loop is opened by controlling the air cooling device. When the liquid cooling loop is opened, the cooling efficiency of the liquid cooling device can be controlled by controlling the cold source flow device. The engine test heat load can be covered in a wider range through two modes of air cooling and liquid cooling.
Further, the control devices are all electromagnetic valves, the flow devices are all regulating valves, and the system control module controls the flow by controlling the opening and closing of an opening and closing control loop of the electromagnetic valves and controlling the opening of the regulating valves;
the heating loop flow device, the liquid cooling flow device and the cold source flow device are all combined valve groups, and comprise a high flow valve and a low flow valve, wherein the adjustable flow and the range of the high flow valve are larger than those of the low flow valve, and the high flow valve and the low flow valve are connected in parallel;
the upper computer further comprises an opening judging module, wherein the lowest opening and the highest opening are preset, and the opening judging module is used for acquiring the opening of the high flow valve and judging the relation between the opening and the lowest opening and the highest opening;
the flow control module is used for controlling the opening of the high flow valve according to the relation between the outlet threshold value and the outlet temperature of the working mode, and is also used for controlling the opening of the low flow valve to be reduced when the opening of the high flow valve is smaller than the lowest opening, and controlling the opening of the low flow valve to be increased when the opening of the high flow valve is larger than the highest opening.
The electromagnetic valve is used as a control device to control the opening and closing of the loop, the regulating valve is used as a flow device to regulate the flow in the control loop. The heating loop flow device, the cold night flow device and the cold source flow device are combined valve groups, the adjustable flow and the range of the high flow valve are larger than those of the low flow valve, the high flow valve and the low flow valve are matched, coarse adjustment is carried out on the high flow cooling liquid and the cold source by the high flow valve, the rapid adjustment response requirement of the rapid heating or cooling process is met, and the low flow valve is used for carrying out fine adjustment on the flow of the matched high flow valve, so that the flow of the cooling liquid can be finely adjusted in the full power range. The opening judging module of the upper computer helps the flow control module to regulate and control the high flow valve and the low flow valve by acquiring the opening of the high flow valve.
Further, the working modes comprise a medium-high power cold machine starting test mode, a medium-high power heat engine starting test mode, a low-power steady-state test mode, a low-power rapid load and unload test mode and a high-power rapid load and unload test mode;
when the working module is in a medium-high power cold machine starting test mode, the system control module controls the heating circuit and the air cooling circuit cold source branch to be turned off, controls the liquid cooling circuit to be turned on, controls the cold source branch to be turned on when the outlet temperature is equal to the outlet threshold value, then controls the flow of the cold source in the cold source branch to be reduced when the outlet temperature is smaller than the outlet threshold value, and controls the flow of the cold source in the cold source branch to be increased when the outlet temperature is greater than the outlet threshold value;
the system control module controls the air cooling loop and the liquid cooling loop to be turned off and controls the heating device to be turned on when the working mode is a medium-high power heat engine starting test mode and controls the heating device to be turned off when the outlet temperature is smaller than the outlet threshold value and controls the heating device to be turned on when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value and controls the heating device to be turned off when the outlet temperature is smaller than the outlet threshold value;
when the working mode is a low-power steady-state test mode, the system control module controls the liquid cooling loop, the cold source branch and the heating loop to be turned off, the air cooling loop to be turned on, when the outlet temperature is smaller than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be reduced, and when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be increased;
When the working mode is a low-power rapid load and unload test mode, the system control module controls the liquid cooling loop and the cold source branch to be turned off, controls the heating loop and the air cooling loop to be turned on, controls the power of the air cooling device to be reduced when the outlet temperature is smaller than the outlet threshold value, controls the power of the air cooling device to be increased when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, controls the heating device to be turned on when the inlet temperature is smaller than the inlet threshold value, and controls the heating device to be turned off when the inlet temperature is larger than the inlet threshold value;
when the working mode is a high-power rapid load and unload test mode, the system control module controls the liquid cooling loop, the air cooling loop and the cold source branch to be opened, the heating loop to be closed, controls the power of the air cooling device to be reduced when the outlet temperature is smaller than the outlet threshold value, controls the power of the air cooling device to be increased when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, controls the flow of the cold source in the cold source branch to be reduced when the inlet temperature is smaller than the inlet threshold value, and controls the flow of the cold source in the cold source branch to be increased when the inlet temperature is larger than the inlet threshold value.
When the engine is started in a test mode by a medium-high power cold machine, the engine is started to heat up by self heat without external non-heat, so that the heating loop is turned off and is not heated, when the outlet temperature is equal to the outlet threshold value, the engine is naturally heated to the working temperature required to be detected, because the heat load of the tested engine is medium-high power, the cold source branch and the liquid cooling loop are started, at the moment, only the liquid cooling loop forms a closed loop, the cooling liquid flows through the engine to be cooled, and the cooling liquid absorbing the heat of the engine is cooled by the external cold source. When the outlet temperature is smaller than the outlet threshold value, the flow of the control cold source in the cold source branch is reduced, the cooling efficiency is lowered, so that the temperature of the engine is raised, when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, the flow of the control cold source in the cold source branch is increased, the cooling efficiency is improved, so that the temperature of the engine is lowered, and the working temperature of the engine after the cold machine is started is in a proper range.
In the middle-high power heat engine starting test mode, the engine heat engine is required to be started, so that a heating loop is required to be opened, the heating module heats the cooling liquid, the heating loop forms a closed loop, the heated cooling liquid flows through the engine to enable the engine to be quickly heated, when the outlet temperature is higher than the outlet threshold value, the heating device is closed, and when the outlet temperature is lower than the outlet threshold value, the heating device is started, so that the heat engine starting test is performed on the fuel cell engine.
When the working mode is a low-power steady-state test mode, the thermal load of the tested engine is low-power and is in a steady-state test, only the air cooling loop is required to be opened to form a closed loop at the moment, only the air cooling loop is used, the flow of cooling liquid in the whole loop is reduced, the temperature response speed of the cooling liquid is favorably improved, the temperature of low-power heat exchange is increased, when the outlet temperature is smaller than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is reduced, the cooling efficiency is lowered, so that the temperature of the engine is increased, and when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is increased, the cooling efficiency is improved, and the temperature of the engine is lowered.
When the working mode is a low-power rapid load and unload test mode, the thermal load of the tested engine is low power, and in the load and unload test, if the air cooling loop is only relied on, the temperature of the cooling liquid is increased or reduced, the temperature response delay is easily generated in the load changing process of the engine, and meanwhile, the temperature is unstable due to larger overshoot. Therefore, the air cooling device and the heating device are matched, the air cooling circuit and the heating circuit are respectively opened to form a closed loop, the air cooling device is associated with the outlet temperature, when the outlet temperature is smaller than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be reduced, and when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be increased. The heating device is matched with the inlet temperature, when the inlet temperature is smaller than the inlet threshold value, the heating device is controlled to be started, and when the inlet temperature is larger than the inlet threshold value, the heating device is controlled to be closed, so that the temperature response rate of the low-power load and unload process is improved, larger overshoot is avoided, and the working temperature of the engine is stable.
When the working mode is a high-power rapid load-increasing and load-decreasing test mode, the thermal load of the tested engine is high-power, heating is not needed at the moment, but if the temperature rising or the temperature decreasing of the cooling liquid is only dependent on the liquid cooling heat exchanger, temperature response delay is easily generated in the load-changing process, and meanwhile, a large overshoot exists, so that the temperature is unstable, liquid cooling and air cooling are matched, an air cooling loop and the liquid cooling loop are simultaneously opened to form a closed loop, the air cooling device is associated with an outlet temperature, when the outlet temperature is smaller than an outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is regulated, and when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is regulated. The liquid cooling device is associated with the inlet temperature, when the inlet temperature is smaller than an inlet threshold value, the flow of the cold source in the cold source branch is controlled to be reduced, and when the inlet temperature is larger than the inlet threshold value, the flow of the cold source in the cold source branch is controlled to be increased. Therefore, the temperature response rate in the high-power load and unload process is improved, larger overshoot is avoided, and the working temperature of the engine is stable.
Further, the inlet end of the fuel cell engine is also connected with an engine inlet valve, an expansion water tank and a deionizer, and the outlet end of the engine is also connected with an engine outlet valve.
The engine inlet valve and the engine outlet valve block the engine and the system in the process of disassembling and stopping the engine, the expansion water tank supplies the cooling liquid in the loop, the volume change of the cooling liquid caused by temperature, pressure and other factors is balanced, and the deionizer adsorbs and removes ionic impurities generated by metal ion precipitation of each loop and pipeline valve, so that the conductivity of the cooling liquid is in a reasonable range.
The invention also discloses a control method of the multi-mode fuel cell test bench thermal management system, which uses the multi-mode fuel cell test bench thermal management system and comprises the following steps:
mode setting step: setting a working mode of the system;
a temperature acquisition step: acquiring the inlet temperature of the inlet end and the outlet temperature of the outlet end of the fuel cell engine;
temperature judgment: judging the relationship between the inlet temperature and the inlet threshold value and the relationship between the outlet temperature and the outlet threshold value according to the inlet threshold value and the outlet threshold value preset in the current mode;
and on-off control step: controlling the on-off of each loop according to the selected working mode;
an efficiency control step: and controlling the working modes of the heating device and the cooling device and the flow rates of the cooling liquid in the heating circuit and the liquid cooling circuit according to the relation between the inlet temperature and the inlet threshold value and the relation between the outlet temperature and the outlet threshold value.
Further, the on-off control step includes the steps of:
step one: determining a working mode, wherein the working mode comprises a medium-high power cold machine starting test mode, a medium-high power heat engine starting test mode, a low power steady-state test mode, a low power rapid load and unload test mode and a high power rapid load and unload test mode;
step two: when the working mode is a medium-high power cold machine starting test mode, the heating loop and the air cooling loop are controlled to be closed, and the liquid cooling loop and the cold source branch are controlled to be opened;
step three: when the working mode is a medium-high power heat engine starting test mode, the air cooling loop and the liquid cooling loop are controlled to be closed, and the heating loop is controlled to be opened;
step four: when the working mode is a low-power steady-state test mode, the liquid cooling loop, the cold source branch and the heating loop are controlled to be closed, and the air cooling loop is controlled to be opened;
step five: when the working mode is a low-power rapid load and unload test mode, the liquid cooling loop and the cold source branch are controlled to be closed, and the heating loop and the air cooling loop are controlled to be opened;
step six: when the working mode is a high-power rapid load and unload test mode, the liquid cooling loop, the air cooling loop and the cold source branch are controlled to be opened, and the heating loop is controlled to be closed.
Further, the efficiency control step includes the steps of:
step one: the working mode is a medium-high power heat engine starting test mode, when the outlet temperature is smaller than the outlet threshold value, the flow of the cold source in the cold source branch is controlled to be reduced, the heating device is controlled to be started, when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, the flow of the cold source in the cold source branch is controlled to be increased, and the heating device is controlled to be closed;
step two: the working mode is a low-power steady-state test mode, when the outlet temperature is smaller than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be reduced, when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be increased, when the inlet temperature is smaller than the inlet threshold value, the heating device is controlled to be started, and when the inlet temperature is larger than the inlet threshold value, the heating device is controlled to be closed;
step three: the working mode is a low-power rapid load and unload test mode, when the outlet temperature is smaller than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be reduced, when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be increased, when the inlet temperature is smaller than the inlet threshold value, the heating device is controlled to be started, and when the inlet temperature is larger than the inlet threshold value, the heating device is controlled to be closed;
step four: the working mode is a high-power rapid load and unload test mode, when the outlet temperature is smaller than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be reduced, when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be increased, when the inlet temperature is smaller than the inlet threshold value, the flow of the cold source in the cold source branch is controlled to be reduced, and when the inlet temperature is larger than the inlet threshold value, the flow of the cold source in the cold source branch is controlled to be increased.
Further, the efficiency control step further includes the steps of:
step one: when the flow of the heating loop, the liquid cooling loop and the cold source loop is regulated and controlled, the opening of the high-flow valve is obtained;
step two: judging the relation between the high flow valve and the minimum opening and the highest opening according to the preset minimum opening and highest opening;
step three: when the opening of the high flow valve is equal to the minimum opening, if the opening is required to be continuously reduced, controlling the opening of the low flow valve to be reduced;
and step four, when the opening of the high flow valve is equal to the highest opening, if the opening is required to be continuously increased, controlling the opening of the low flow valve to be increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a thermal management system for a multi-mode fuel cell test stand and a control method thereof according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for controlling a combined flow valve assembly of a multi-mode fuel cell test stand thermal management system and a method for controlling the same according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for controlling a medium-high power cold start test mode of an embodiment of a thermal management system for a multi-mode fuel cell test stand and a control method thereof according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method for controlling a medium-high power heat engine start test mode according to an embodiment of a thermal management system for a multi-mode fuel cell test stand and a control method thereof;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a low power steady state test mode control method of an embodiment of a multi-mode fuel cell test stand thermal management system and control method thereof according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a low power fast load/unload test mode control method for a multi-mode fuel cell test stand thermal management system and a control method embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a method for controlling a medium-high power fast load/unload test mode according to an embodiment of a thermal management system for a multi-mode fuel cell test stand and a method for controlling the same.
Detailed Description
The following is a further detailed description of the embodiments:
the labels in the drawings of this specification include: the engine module 1, the heating module 2, the cooling module 3, the coolant pump 4, the expansion tank 5, the deionizer 6, the cold source inlet 7, the cold source outlet 8, the fuel cell engine 11, the engine inlet valve 12, the engine outlet valve 13, the inlet temperature sensor 14, the outlet temperature sensor 15, the heater 21, the heater inlet valve bank 22, the heater inlet high flow valve 22A, the heater inlet low flow valve 22B, the heater outlet valve 23, the liquid cooling heat exchanger 31, the air cooling heat exchanger 32, the liquid cooling inlet valve bank 33, the liquid cooling inlet high flow valve 33A, the liquid cooling inlet low flow valve 33B, the liquid cooling outlet valve 34, the air cooling inlet valve 35, the air cooling outlet valve 36, the cold source inlet valve bank 37, the cold source inlet high flow valve 37A, the cold source inlet low flow valve 37B, and the cold source outlet valve 38.
An example is substantially as shown in figure 1: the fuel cell cooling system comprises an engine module 1, a heating module 2 and a cooling module 3 which are communicated through a conduit, wherein the engine module 1 comprises a fuel cell engine to be tested, an engine inlet valve 12 and an inlet temperature sensor 14 are arranged at the inlet end of the engine, an engine outlet valve 13 and an outlet temperature sensor 15 are arranged at the outlet end of the engine, the outlet end of a fuel cell engine 11 is communicated with the inlet end of a cooling liquid pump 4, the conduit is divided into two branches L1 and L2 after being discharged out of the outlet end of the cooling liquid pump 4, and the branch L1 is communicated with the heating module 2 and then communicated with the inlet end of the fuel cell engine 11 to form a heating loop. The branch L2 communicates with the cooling module 3 and then communicates with the inlet end of the fuel cell engine 11 to form a cooling circuit.
The heating module comprises a heating device, a heating loop control device and a heating loop flow device, wherein the heating device is used for heating the cooling liquid entering the heating module 2, in the embodiment, the heating device is a heater 21, the inlet end of the heating device is communicated with the cooling liquid pump 4, and the outlet end of the heating device is communicated with the inlet end of the fuel cell engine 11; the heating circuit control device is used for controlling on-off of the heating circuit, in this embodiment, the heating circuit control device is a heater outlet valve 23, specifically an electromagnetic valve, and is arranged at an outlet end of the heating device, the heating circuit flow device is used for controlling flow of cooling liquid entering the heating module, in this embodiment, the heating circuit flow device is a heater inlet valve group 22, and is arranged at an inlet end of the heater 21, and comprises a heater inlet high flow valve 22A and a heater inlet low flow valve 22B which are connected in parallel, and adjustable flow and range of the heater inlet high flow valve 22A is larger than that of the heater inlet low flow valve 22B.
The cooling module 3 comprises an air cooling module and a liquid cooling module, the guide pipe is divided into two branches L21 and L22 in the cooling module 3, the branches L21 are communicated with the air cooling module and then are communicated with the inlet end of the fuel cell engine 11 to form an air cooling loop, the branches L22 are communicated with the liquid cooling module and then are communicated with the inlet end of the fuel cell engine 11 to form a liquid cooling loop, and the air cooling loop and the liquid cooling loop are connected in parallel.
The air cooling module comprises an air cooling device, an air cooling control device, an air cooling flow device, an air cooling control device and an air cooling flow device, wherein in the embodiment, the air cooling device is used for cooling liquid, the air cooling module is an air cooling heat exchanger 32, the air cooling module specifically comprises a fan with adjustable air speed, the air cooling control device is an air cooling outlet valve 36, specifically an electromagnetic valve, is arranged at the outlet end of the air cooling heat exchanger 32 and is used for controlling the on-off of an air cooling loop, the air cooling flow device is an air cooling inlet valve 35, specifically a single regulating valve and is used for controlling the flow of cooling liquid flowing into the air cooling device.
The liquid cooling module comprises a liquid cooling device, a liquid cooling control device and a liquid cooling flow device. In this embodiment, the liquid cooling device is a liquid cooling heat exchanger 31, including a heat detector, a cold side, a cold source control device, and a cold source flow device, where the hot side is connected in a liquid cooling loop, the liquid cooling control device is used for controlling on-off of the liquid cooling loop for a liquid cooling outlet valve 34, specifically an electromagnetic valve, and is arranged at an outlet end of the hot side, the liquid cooling flow device is a liquid cooling inlet valve group 33, and is used for controlling flow of cooling liquid in the liquid cooling loop, and is arranged at an inlet end of the hot side, and includes a liquid cooling inlet high flow valve 33A and a liquid cooling inlet low flow valve 33B that are connected in parallel, and an adjustable flow and a range of the liquid cooling inlet high flow valve 33A are greater than an adjustable flow and a range of the liquid cooling inlet low flow valve 33B.
The inlet end of the cold side is communicated with a cold source inlet 7 through a conduit, the outlet end is communicated with a cold source outlet 8, an external cold source flows into the cold side from the cold source inlet 7, and flows out from the cold source outlet 8 after heat exchange of the cold side, so as to form a cold source branch. The liquid cooling control device is used for controlling the breaking of the cold source branch, in this example, the cold source control device is a cold source outlet valve 38, and the outlet end arranged on the cold side is an electromagnetic valve. The cold source flow device is used for controlling the cold source flow in the cold source branch, in this embodiment, the cold source flow device is a cold source inlet valve group 37, and is arranged at the inlet end of the cold source, and comprises a cold source inlet high flow valve 37A and a cold source inlet low flow valve 37B which are connected in parallel, wherein the adjustable flow and the range of the cold source inlet high flow valve 37A are larger than those of the cold source inlet low flow valve 22B.
The inlet end of the fuel cell generator is also connected with an expansion water tank 5 for replenishing the cooling liquid in the loop and balancing the volume change of the cooling liquid due to the factors of temperature, pressure and the like; and the deionizer 6 is used for adsorbing and removing ionic impurities generated by metal ion precipitation of each loop and pipeline valve, so that the conductivity of the cooling liquid is in a reasonable range.
The air cooling system further comprises an upper computer, wherein the upper computer is electrically connected with an engine inlet temperature sensor 14, an outlet temperature sensor 15, a heater 21, a heater inlet valve bank 22, a heater outlet valve 23, an air cooling heat exchanger 32, a liquid cooling inlet valve bank 33, a liquid cooling outlet valve bank 34, an air cooling inlet valve 35, a cold air outlet valve 36, a cold source inlet valve bank 37 and a cold source outlet valve 38.
The upper computer comprises a mode selection module, a temperature acquisition module, a temperature judgment module and a system control module, wherein the system control module comprises an on-off control module, a device control module and a flow control module.
The mode selection module is used for selecting a working mode and sending out an operation instruction of the working mode, wherein the working mode comprises a medium-high power cold machine starting test mode, a medium-high power heat engine starting test mode, a low-power steady-state test mode, a low-power rapid load and unload test mode and a high-power rapid load and unload test mode;
the temperature acquisition module is used for acquiring the inlet temperature and the outlet temperature detected by the inlet temperature sensor and the outlet temperature sensor;
the temperature judging module is preset with an inlet threshold value of inlet temperature and an outlet threshold value of outlet temperature in each working mode, and judges the relation between the inlet temperature and the inlet threshold value of the current working mode and the relation between the outlet temperature and the outlet threshold value;
The on-off control module is used for sending control instructions to the heater outlet valve 23, the liquid cooling outlet valve 34, the air cooling outlet valve 36 and the cold source outlet valve 38 according to the selected working modes, and controlling the on-off of the heating circuit, the air cooling circuit, the liquid cooling circuit and the cold source branch circuit under different working modes by controlling the opening and closing of the outlet valves.
The device control module is configured to send a control instruction to the heater 21, the air-cooled heat exchanger 32 and the liquid-cooled heat exchanger 31 according to a relationship between an inlet threshold value and an inlet temperature in a current working mode, and specifically, control whether to heat the cooling liquid by controlling on and off of the heater 21; the rotational speed of the wind speed in the air-cooled heat exchanger 32 is controlled, the cooling efficiency of the cooling liquid in the air-cooled loop is controlled, the opening and closing of the cold source outlet valve 38 in the liquid-cooled heat exchanger are controlled, whether the cooling liquid in the liquid-cooled loop is cooled or not is controlled, and the opening of the cold source inlet valve group is controlled to control the flow of the external cold source flowing into the cold side so as to control the cooling efficiency of the cooling liquid in the liquid-cooled loop.
The flow control module is configured to send control instructions to the heater inlet valve group 22, the liquid cooling inlet valve group 33, the air cooling inlet valve 35, and the cold source inlet valve group 37 according to a relationship between an inlet threshold value and an inlet temperature of a current working mode, and control flow of the cooling liquid in the heating circuit, the air cooling circuit, the liquid cooling circuit, and the cold source branch by controlling opening of each inlet valve group or inlet valve.
The heater inlet valve group 22, the liquid cooling inlet valve group 33 and the cold source inlet valve group 37 can accurately perform wide-range adjustment on the flow through two parallel adjusting valves, and specific working logic is shown in fig. 2:
the high flow valve is mainly used for rough adjustment of large flow, because the adjustable flow of the high flow valve is large, the range of the measuring range is large, so that the precision in adjustment of the intersection flow region (corresponding to the opening D < 20% in the implementation) and the heightened flow region (corresponding to the opening D < 80% in the embodiment) is limited, therefore, the low flow valve is matched with the high flow valve to accurately adjust and control the flow in the whole range, when the flow is adjusted and controlled, the high flow valve controls the opening to be adjusted in the range of 20-80% according to the relation between the detected outlet temperature or inlet temperature and the corresponding outlet threshold or inlet threshold, when the opening D of the high flow valve is less than 20%, the opening of the low flow valve is adjusted to be reduced, otherwise, the opening of the low flow valve is maintained, when the opening D of the high flow valve is more than 80%, the opening of the low flow valve is adjusted, otherwise, the opening of the low flow valve is maintained, and the flow is maintained before a shutdown instruction is not received. Thereby realizing the accurate regulation and control of the flow.
The system control module has the following operation conditions under each working mode:
mode one: medium-high power cold machine start test mode
The specific logic of the control method of the working mode is shown in figure 3, the heat load of the fuel cell engine tested in the mode is medium and high power, the engine is not required to be started by heat, namely the engine is naturally warmed up by self heat generated by the engine in the starting process of the engine, and external supplementary heat is not needed, so that in the starting process of a cold engine, the heating module 2, the air cooling module and the liquid cooling module do not work, and therefore the heater outlet valve 23 is controlled to be closed, the heater 21 is controlled to be closed, and no cooling liquid is ensured to circulate in a heating loop; the air cooling outlet valve 36 is closed, the air cooling heat exchanger 32 is closed, and no cooling liquid flows in the air cooling loop; the liquid cooling outlet valve 34 is opened, the cold source outlet valve 38 is closed, the liquid cooling loop is guaranteed to have the cooling liquid flowing, no external cold source flows in the cold source branch, at the moment, the cooling liquid in the liquid cooling loop flows, but the cold source branch does not have the external cold source flowing, namely, the liquid cooling heat exchanger 31 does not work, so that the cooling liquid in the liquid cooling loop is not cooled, the fuel cell engine 11 naturally heats up, and the outlet temperature sensor 15 detects the outlet temperature of the cooling liquid flowing out of the fuel cell engine 11 in real time and feeds the outlet temperature back to the upper computer. When the outlet temperature is equal to the outlet threshold, it indicates that the fuel cell engine 11 is started, and at this time, the cold source outlet valve 38 is opened to enable the cold source branch to have the cold source flowing in the external cold source, that is, the liquid cooling heat exchanger 31 starts to cool the cooling liquid in the liquid cooling loop. When the outlet temperature is greater than the outlet threshold, the opening of the cold source inlet valve bank 37 is controlled to be increased, so that the external cold source flow in the cold source branch is larger, the cooling efficiency is higher, and therefore, the detected outlet temperature gradually decreases, and when the detected outlet temperature is less than the outlet threshold, the opening of the cold source inlet valve bank 37 is controlled to be decreased, so that the external cold source flow in the cold source branch is smaller, the cold source efficiency is lower, and therefore, the detected outlet temperature also gradually rises, and continuously circulates until a shutdown instruction is not received. The operating temperature of the fuel cell engine 11 after the cold start is ensured to be within a reasonable range by controlling the flow rate of the external cold source.
Mode two: medium-high power heat engine start test mode
The specific logic of the control method of this operation mode is shown in fig. 4, in which the measured thermal load of the fuel cell engine 11 is medium and high, and the external heat supply of the fuel cell engine 11, that is, the heating of the coolant by the heater 21 is required. In this mode, therefore, the heater outlet valve 23 is first controlled to open, ensuring that the cooling fluid in the heating circuit is circulated, and the heater 21 is turned on, ensuring that the cooling fluid in the heating circuit is heated. The air-cooled outlet valve 36 is closed, ensuring that no cooling liquid is circulated in the air-cooled circuit; the liquid cooling outlet valve 34 is closed to ensure that no cooling liquid is circulated in the liquid cooling circuit. I.e., only the heating circuit is on at this time, and the heater 21 heats the coolant in the heating circuit, thereby helping the fuel cell engine 11 to quickly warm up. The outlet temperature sensor 15 detects the outlet temperature of the coolant flowing out of the fuel cell engine 11 in real time, when the outlet temperature is greater than the outlet threshold, the heater 21 is controlled to be turned off, when the outlet temperature is less than the outlet threshold, the heater 21 is controlled to be turned on, and further circulation is performed until a medium-high power heat engine start completion instruction is received, the state of the first mode is entered, and circulation is continued until a shutdown instruction is not received.
Mode three: low power steady state test mode
The specific logic of the control method of the working mode is shown in fig. 5, and the thermal load of the fuel cell engine 11 in the current mode is low power and is in a stable test state, and in this mode, the air cooling outlet valve 36 is controlled to be opened to ensure that the cooling liquid circulates in the air cooling loop, the air cooling heat exchanger 32 is controlled to be opened to ensure that the cooling liquid in the air cooling loop is cooled by air, the heater outlet valve 23 is controlled to be closed to ensure that the heating loop does not circulate with the cooling liquid, the liquid cooling outlet valve 34 and the cold source outlet valve 38 are controlled to be closed to ensure that the liquid cooling loop does not circulate with the cooling liquid. Therefore, only the air cooling loop forms a closed loop, and the flux of the cooling liquid in the loop is reduced because the air cooling loop is only opened, thereby being beneficial to improving the temperature response rate of the cooling liquid and increasing the temperature performance of low-power heat exchange. The outlet temperature sensor 15 detects the outlet temperature of the coolant after the coolant has flowed out of the fuel cell engine 11, and when the outlet temperature is less than the temperature threshold value, the fan speed in the air-cooled heat exchanger 32 is controlled to decrease, and the air volume is controlled to decrease, so that the cooling efficiency of the coolant in the air-cooled circuit decreases, and the detected outlet temperature gradually increases and approaches the outlet threshold value. When the detected outlet temperature is greater than the outlet threshold value, the wind speed and the rotating speed in the air-cooled heat exchanger 32 are controlled to be increased, and the air quantity is increased, so that the cooling efficiency of the cooling liquid in the air-cooled loop is increased, the detected outlet is reduced, the outlet threshold value is approached, and the circulation is continued until a shutdown command is not received. Thereby ensuring that the operating temperature of the fuel cell engine 11 is within a reasonable range during low power steady state testing.
Mode four: low-power rapid load/unload test mode
The specific logic of this control method for the operation mode is shown in fig. 6, in which the thermal load of the fuel cell engine 11 is low, and in which the air cooling circuit and the heating circuit are required to be simultaneously turned on. Because when the engine is rapidly loaded or rapidly unloaded, if the air-cooled heat exchanger 32 is only relied on, the temperature response of the cooling liquid is easy to be delayed in the load changing process, and meanwhile, the temperature is unstable due to large overshoot, in the mode, the heater outlet valve 23 is controlled to be opened, so that the circulation of the cooling liquid in the heating circuit is ensured. The air-cooled outlet valve 36 is controlled to be opened to ensure that the cooling liquid circulates in the air-cooled loop, and then the temperature of the cooling liquid is regulated and controlled in two aspects. On the one hand, the outlet temperature sensor 15 detects the outlet temperature of the coolant flowing out of the fuel cell engine 11 in real time, when the detected outlet temperature is smaller than the outlet threshold value, the fan speed of the air-cooled heat exchanger 32 is controlled to be reduced, the air volume is reduced, the cooling efficiency of the air-cooled heat exchanger to the coolant is reduced, the detected outlet temperature gradually rises and approaches to the outlet threshold value, when the detected outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, the fan speed of the air-cooled heat exchanger 32 is controlled to be increased, the air volume is increased, the cooling efficiency of the air-cooled heat exchanger to the coolant is increased, and the detected outlet temperature is also increased and approaches to the outlet threshold value. On the other hand, the inlet temperature sensor 14 detects the inlet temperature of the coolant before flowing into the fuel cell engine 11 in real time, controls the heater 21 to be started when the inlet temperature is less than the inlet threshold, heats the coolant flowing therethrough, gradually increases the detected inlet temperature toward the inlet threshold, controls the heater 21 to be turned off when the detected inlet temperature is greater than the inlet threshold, and continues to circulate until a shutdown instruction is not received. By implementing the adjustment of the rotational speed of the fans in the heater 21 and air-cooled heat exchanger 32, the temperature response rate of the low power load shedding process is increased, larger overshoot is avoided, and the engine operating temperature is smoother.
Mode five: high-power rapid load and unload test mode
The specific logic of the control method of the working mode is shown in fig. 7, and the thermal load of the fuel cell engine 11 measured in the mode is high power, in the mode, the air cooling refrigeration loop and the liquid cooling loop are required to work simultaneously, because when the engine is rapidly loaded or unloaded, if the engine only depends on the water cooling heat exchanger, the temperature response delay is easily sent in the load changing process when the temperature of the cooling liquid rises or falls, and meanwhile, the temperature is unstable due to larger overshoot. Therefore, the air cooling loop and the liquid cooling loop are both opened in the process of high-power rapid loading or unloading to form a closed loop. The liquid cooling outlet valve 34 is controlled to be opened, so that the circulation of cooling liquid in the liquid cooling loop is ensured, the air cooling outlet valve 36 is controlled to be opened, and the circulation of cooling liquid in the air cooling loop is ensured. And regulate and control the temperature of coolant liquid from two aspects, when outlet temperature that outlet temperature sensor 15 detected is less than the export threshold value, control the fan rotational speed of forced air cooling heat exchanger 32 and reduce, the amount of wind reduces, and the coolant liquid heat dissipation capacity that flows through it reduces, and the outlet temperature that detects can reduce gradually, approaches to the export threshold value, and when the outlet temperature that detects is greater than the export threshold value, the fan rotational speed of forced air cooling heat exchanger 32 is increased, and the amount of wind increases, and the coolant liquid heat dissipation capacity that flows through it increases, and the outlet temperature that detects can rise gradually, approaches to the export threshold value. On the other hand, when the inlet temperature detected by the inlet temperature sensor 14 is smaller than the inlet threshold value, the opening degree of the cold source inlet valve group 37 is controlled to be reduced, so that the heat dissipation rate of the cooling liquid flowing into the liquid-cooled heat exchanger 31 is reduced, the detected inlet temperature rises and approaches to the inlet threshold value, and when the detected inlet temperature is larger than the inlet threshold value, the opening degree of the liquid-cooled inlet valve group 33 is controlled to be increased, the heat dissipation rate of the cooling liquid flowing into the liquid-cooled heat exchanger 31 is controlled to be increased, the detected inlet temperature is reduced and approaches to the set value, and the circulation is continued until the shutdown command is not received. By controlling the opening degree of the cold source inlet valve 37 and the rotating speed of the fan in real time, the temperature response speed in the load increasing and reducing process is improved, larger overshoot is avoided, and the working temperature of the engine is stable in the high-power load increasing and reducing test.
The invention also discloses a control method of the multi-mode fuel cell test bench thermal management system, which uses the multi-mode fuel cell test bench thermal management system and comprises the following steps:
mode setting step: setting a working mode of the system;
a temperature acquisition step: acquiring the inlet temperature of the inlet end and the outlet temperature of the outlet end of the fuel cell engine;
temperature judgment: judging the relationship between the inlet temperature and the inlet threshold value and the relationship between the outlet temperature and the outlet threshold value according to the inlet threshold value and the outlet threshold value preset in the current mode;
and on-off control step: controlling the on-off of each loop according to the selected working mode;
an efficiency control step: and controlling the working modes of the heating device and the cooling device and the flow rates of the cooling liquid in the heating circuit and the liquid cooling circuit according to the relation between the inlet temperature and the inlet threshold value and the relation between the outlet temperature and the outlet threshold value.
The on-off control step comprises the following steps:
step one: determining a working mode, wherein the working mode comprises a medium-high power cold machine starting test mode, a medium-high power heat engine starting test mode, a low power steady-state test mode, a low power rapid load and unload test mode and a high power rapid load and unload test mode;
Step two: when the working mode is a medium-high power cold machine starting test mode, the heating loop and the air cooling loop are controlled to be closed, and the liquid cooling loop and the cold source branch are controlled to be opened;
step three: when the working mode is a medium-high power heat engine starting test mode, the air cooling loop and the liquid cooling loop are controlled to be closed, and the heating loop is controlled to be opened;
step four: when the working mode is a low-power steady-state test mode, the liquid cooling loop, the cold source branch and the heating loop are controlled to be closed, and the air cooling loop is controlled to be opened;
step five: when the working mode is a low-power rapid load and unload test mode, the liquid cooling loop and the cold source branch are controlled to be closed, and the heating loop and the air cooling loop are controlled to be opened;
step six: when the working mode is a high-power rapid load and unload test mode, the liquid cooling loop, the air cooling loop and the cold source branch are controlled to be opened, and the heating loop is controlled to be closed.
The efficiency control step includes the steps of:
step one: the working mode is a medium-high power heat engine starting test mode, when the outlet temperature is smaller than the outlet threshold value, the flow of the cold source in the cold source branch is controlled to be reduced, the heating device is controlled to be started, when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, the flow of the cold source in the cold source branch is controlled to be increased, and the heating device is controlled to be closed;
Step two: the working mode is a low-power steady-state test mode, when the outlet temperature is smaller than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be reduced, when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be increased, when the inlet temperature is smaller than the inlet threshold value, the heating device is controlled to be started, and when the inlet temperature is larger than the inlet threshold value, the heating device is controlled to be closed;
step three: the working mode is a low-power rapid load and unload test mode, when the outlet temperature is smaller than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be reduced, when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be increased, when the inlet temperature is smaller than the inlet threshold value, the heating device is controlled to be started, and when the inlet temperature is larger than the inlet threshold value, the heating device is controlled to be closed;
step four: the working mode is a high-power rapid load and unload test mode, when the outlet temperature is smaller than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be reduced, when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be increased, when the inlet temperature is smaller than the inlet threshold value, the flow of the cold source in the cold source branch is controlled to be reduced, and when the inlet temperature is larger than the inlet threshold value, the flow of the cold source in the cold source branch is controlled to be increased.
The efficiency control step further includes the steps of:
step one: when the flow of the heating loop, the liquid cooling loop and the cold source loop is regulated and controlled, the opening of the high-flow valve is obtained;
step two: judging the relation between the high flow valve and the minimum opening and the highest opening according to the preset minimum opening and highest opening;
step three: when the opening of the high flow valve is equal to the minimum opening, if the opening is required to be continuously reduced, controlling the opening of the low flow valve to be reduced;
and step four, when the opening of the high flow valve is equal to the highest opening, if the opening is required to be continuously increased, controlling the opening of the low flow valve to be increased.
The foregoing is merely exemplary of the present invention, and the specific structures and features well known in the art are not described in any way herein, so that those skilled in the art will be able to ascertain all prior art in the field, and will not be able to ascertain any prior art to which this invention pertains, without the general knowledge of the skilled person in the field, before the application date or the priority date, to practice the present invention, with the ability of these skilled persons to perfect and practice this invention, with the help of the teachings of this application, with some typical known structures or methods not being the obstacle to the practice of this application by those skilled in the art. It should be noted that modifications and improvements can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the structure of the present invention, and these should also be considered as the scope of the present invention, which does not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the utility of the patent. The protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the content of the claims, and the description of the specific embodiments and the like in the specification can be used for explaining the content of the claims.

Claims (9)

1. A multi-mode fuel cell test stand thermal management system, characterized by: the engine module is communicated with the cooling liquid pump through a conduit, and is communicated with the heating module through the conduit to form a heating loop, and is communicated with the cooling module through the conduit to form a cooling loop, wherein the conduit is internally provided with cooling liquid;
the engine module comprises a tested fuel cell engine, an inlet temperature sensor and an outlet temperature sensor are respectively arranged at the inlet end and the outlet end of the fuel cell engine, and the inlet temperature sensor and the outlet temperature sensor are electrically connected with an upper computer and are used for detecting inlet temperature and outlet temperature and uploading the detected temperature to the upper computer;
the heating module comprises a heating device, a heating loop control device and a heating loop flow device which are all electrically connected with the upper computer, wherein the heating loop control device is used for controlling the on-off of a heating loop, the heating loop flow device is used for controlling the flow of cooling liquid entering the heating module, and the heating device is used for heating the cooling liquid entering the heating module;
The cooling module comprises a cooling device, a cooling circuit control device, a cooling circuit flow device and a cooling circuit control device, wherein the cooling device, the cooling circuit control device and the cooling circuit flow device are all electrically connected with the upper computer, the cooling circuit control device is used for controlling the on-off of the cooling circuit, the cooling circuit flow device is used for controlling the flow of cooling liquid entering the cooling circuit, and the cooling device is used for cooling the cooling liquid entering the cooling circuit;
the upper computer comprises a mode selection module, a temperature acquisition module, a temperature judgment module and a system control module;
the mode selection module is used for selecting a working mode;
the temperature acquisition module is used for acquiring the inlet temperature and the outlet temperature detected by the inlet temperature sensor and the outlet temperature sensor;
the temperature judging module is preset with inlet thresholds of inlet temperatures and outlet thresholds of outlet temperatures in various working modes, and judges the relation between the inlet temperatures and the inlet thresholds of the current working mode and the relation between the outlet temperatures and the outlet thresholds;
the system control module comprises an on-off control module, a device control module and a flow control module;
the on-off control module is used for sending control instructions to the heating loop control device and the cooling loop control device according to the selected working mode;
The device control module is used for sending control instructions to the heating device and the cooling device according to the relation between the inlet temperature and the inlet threshold value and the relation between the outlet threshold value and the outlet temperature of the current working mode;
and the flow control module is used for sending control instructions to the heating loop flow device and the cooling loop flow device according to the relation between the inlet threshold value and the inlet temperature and the relation between the outlet threshold value and the outlet temperature of the current working mode.
2. A multi-mode fuel cell test stand thermal management system as defined in claim 1, wherein: the cooling module comprises an air cooling module and a liquid cooling module, and the air cooling module and the liquid cooling module are connected in parallel to form an air cooling loop and a liquid cooling loop respectively; the cooling device comprises an air cooling device and a liquid cooling device, the cooling loop control device comprises an air cooling control device and a liquid cooling control device, and the cooling loop flow device comprises an air cooling flow device and a liquid cooling flow device;
the air cooling loop comprises an air cooling device, an air cooling control device and an air cooling flow device;
the liquid cooling loop comprises a liquid cooling device, a liquid cooling control device and a liquid cooling flow device; the liquid cooling device comprises a hot side, a cold source channel, a cold source control device and a cold source flow device, wherein the hot side of the liquid cooling device is communicated in the liquid cooling loop, the cold side is communicated with a cold source inlet and a cold source outlet to form a cold source branch, a cold source flows in the cold source channel, the cold source control device is used for controlling the opening and closing of the cold source branch, and the cold source flow device is used for controlling the flow of the cold source in the cold source branch.
3. A multi-mode fuel cell test stand thermal management system as defined in claim 2, wherein: the control devices are all electromagnetic valves, the flow devices are all regulating valves, and the system control module controls the flow by controlling the opening and closing of an opening and closing control loop of the electromagnetic valves and controlling the opening of the regulating valves;
the heating loop flow device, the liquid cooling flow device and the cold source flow device are all combined valve groups, and comprise a high flow valve and a low flow valve, wherein the adjustable flow and the range of the high flow valve are larger than those of the low flow valve, and the high flow valve and the low flow valve are connected in parallel;
the upper computer further comprises an opening judging module, wherein the lowest opening and the highest opening are preset, and the opening judging module is used for acquiring the opening of the high flow valve and judging the relation between the opening and the lowest opening and the highest opening;
the flow control module is used for controlling the opening of the high flow valve according to the relation between the outlet threshold value and the outlet temperature of the working mode, and is also used for controlling the opening of the low flow valve to be reduced when the opening of the high flow valve is smaller than the lowest opening, and controlling the opening of the low flow valve to be increased when the opening of the high flow valve is larger than the highest opening.
4. A multi-mode fuel cell test stand thermal management system according to claim 3, wherein: the working modes comprise a medium-high power cold machine starting test mode, a medium-high power heat engine starting test mode, a low-power steady-state test mode, a low-power rapid load and unload test mode and a high-power rapid load and unload test mode;
when the working module is in a medium-high power cold machine starting test mode, the system control module controls the heating circuit and the air cooling circuit cold source branch to be turned off, controls the liquid cooling circuit to be turned on, controls the cold source branch to be turned on when the outlet temperature is equal to the outlet threshold value, then controls the flow of the cold source in the cold source branch to be reduced when the outlet temperature is smaller than the outlet threshold value, and controls the flow of the cold source in the cold source branch to be increased when the outlet temperature is greater than the outlet threshold value;
the system control module controls the air cooling loop and the liquid cooling loop to be turned off and controls the heating device to be turned on when the working mode is a medium-high power heat engine starting test mode and controls the heating device to be turned off when the outlet temperature is smaller than the outlet threshold value and controls the heating device to be turned on when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value and controls the heating device to be turned off when the outlet temperature is smaller than the outlet threshold value;
When the working mode is a low-power steady-state test mode, the system control module controls the liquid cooling loop, the cold source branch and the heating loop to be turned off, the air cooling loop to be turned on, when the outlet temperature is smaller than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be reduced, and when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be increased;
when the working mode is a low-power rapid load and unload test mode, the system control module controls the liquid cooling loop and the cold source branch to be turned off, controls the heating loop and the air cooling loop to be turned on, controls the power of the air cooling device to be reduced when the outlet temperature is smaller than the outlet threshold value, controls the power of the air cooling device to be increased when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, controls the heating device to be turned on when the inlet temperature is smaller than the inlet threshold value, and controls the heating device to be turned off when the inlet temperature is larger than the inlet threshold value;
when the working mode is a high-power rapid load and unload test mode, the system control module controls the liquid cooling loop, the air cooling loop and the cold source branch to be opened, the heating loop to be closed, controls the power of the air cooling device to be reduced when the outlet temperature is smaller than the outlet threshold value, controls the power of the air cooling device to be increased when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, controls the flow of the cold source in the cold source branch to be reduced when the inlet temperature is smaller than the inlet threshold value, and controls the flow of the cold source in the cold source branch to be increased when the inlet temperature is larger than the inlet threshold value.
5. A multi-mode fuel cell test stand thermal management system as defined in claim 4, wherein: the inlet end is also connected with an engine inlet valve, an expansion water tank and a deionizer, and the outlet end is also connected with an engine outlet valve.
6. A control method of a multi-mode fuel cell test-bed thermal management system using the multi-mode fuel cell test-bed thermal management system of any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
mode setting step: setting a working mode of the system;
a temperature acquisition step: acquiring the inlet temperature of the inlet end and the outlet temperature of the outlet end of the fuel cell engine;
temperature judgment: judging the relationship between the inlet temperature and the inlet threshold value and the relationship between the outlet temperature and the outlet threshold value according to the inlet threshold value and the outlet threshold value preset in the current mode;
and on-off control step: controlling the on-off of each loop according to the selected working mode;
an efficiency control step: and controlling the working modes of the heating device and the cooling device and the flow rates of the cooling liquid in the heating circuit and the liquid cooling circuit according to the relation between the inlet temperature and the inlet threshold value and the relation between the outlet temperature and the outlet threshold value.
7. The method for controlling a thermal management system of a multi-mode fuel cell test stand of claim 6, wherein: the on-off control step comprises the following steps:
step one: determining a working mode, wherein the working mode comprises a medium-high power cold machine starting test mode, a medium-high power heat engine starting test mode, a low power steady-state test mode, a low power rapid load and unload test mode and a high power rapid load and unload test mode;
step two: when the working mode is a medium-high power cold machine starting test mode, the heating loop and the air cooling loop are controlled to be closed, and the liquid cooling loop and the cold source branch are controlled to be opened;
step three: when the working mode is a medium-high power heat engine starting test mode, the air cooling loop and the liquid cooling loop are controlled to be closed, and the heating loop is controlled to be opened;
step four: when the working mode is a low-power steady-state test mode, the liquid cooling loop, the cold source branch and the heating loop are controlled to be closed, and the air cooling loop is controlled to be opened;
step five: when the working mode is a low-power rapid load and unload test mode, the liquid cooling loop and the cold source branch are controlled to be closed, and the heating loop and the air cooling loop are controlled to be opened;
step six: when the working mode is a high-power rapid load and unload test mode, the liquid cooling loop, the air cooling loop and the cold source branch are controlled to be opened, and the heating loop is controlled to be closed.
8. The method for controlling a thermal management system of a multi-mode fuel cell test stand of claim 7, wherein: the efficiency control step includes the steps of:
step one: the working mode is a medium-high power heat engine starting test mode, when the outlet temperature is smaller than the outlet threshold value, the flow of the cold source in the cold source branch is controlled to be reduced, the heating device is controlled to be started, when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, the flow of the cold source in the cold source branch is controlled to be increased, and the heating device is controlled to be closed;
step two: the working mode is a low-power steady-state test mode, when the outlet temperature is smaller than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be reduced, when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be increased, when the inlet temperature is smaller than the inlet threshold value, the heating device is controlled to be started, and when the inlet temperature is larger than the inlet threshold value, the heating device is controlled to be closed;
step three: the working mode is a low-power rapid load and unload test mode, when the outlet temperature is smaller than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be reduced, when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be increased, when the inlet temperature is smaller than the inlet threshold value, the heating device is controlled to be started, and when the inlet temperature is larger than the inlet threshold value, the heating device is controlled to be closed;
Step four: the working mode is a high-power rapid load and unload test mode, when the outlet temperature is smaller than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be reduced, when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be increased, when the inlet temperature is smaller than the inlet threshold value, the flow of the cold source in the cold source branch is controlled to be reduced, and when the inlet temperature is larger than the inlet threshold value, the flow of the cold source in the cold source branch is controlled to be increased.
9. The method for controlling a thermal management system of a multi-mode fuel cell test stand of claim 8, wherein: the efficiency control step further includes the steps of:
step one: when the flow of the heating loop, the liquid cooling loop and the cold source loop is regulated and controlled, the opening of the high-flow valve is obtained;
step two: judging the relation between the high flow valve and the minimum opening and the highest opening according to the preset minimum opening and highest opening;
step three: when the opening of the high flow valve is equal to the minimum opening, if the opening is required to be continuously reduced, controlling the opening of the low flow valve to be reduced;
and step four, when the opening of the high flow valve is equal to the highest opening, if the opening is required to be continuously increased, controlling the opening of the low flow valve to be increased.
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