CN113675433A - Multi-mode fuel cell test bench heat management system and control method thereof - Google Patents

Multi-mode fuel cell test bench heat management system and control method thereof Download PDF

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CN113675433A
CN113675433A CN202110970137.XA CN202110970137A CN113675433A CN 113675433 A CN113675433 A CN 113675433A CN 202110970137 A CN202110970137 A CN 202110970137A CN 113675433 A CN113675433 A CN 113675433A
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outlet
cooling
loop
threshold value
inlet
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CN113675433B (en
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邓波
杜坤
毛占鑫
何云强
许向国
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Caic New Energy Technology Co ltd
China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co Ltd
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China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H01M8/04358—Temperature; Ambient temperature of the coolant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04768—Pressure; Flow of the coolant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04955—Shut-off or shut-down of fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly discloses a multi-mode fuel cell test bench thermal management system and a control method thereof. Including host computer engine module, heating module, cooling module, coolant pump and pipe, engine module passes through the pipe intercommunication with the coolant pump to pass through the pipe intercommunication with heating module and form heating circuit, pass through the pipe intercommunication with cooling module and form cooling circuit, the flow has the coolant liquid in the pipe. The upper computer selects the working mode, and controls the on-off of each loop and the flow of the circulating cooling liquid under different conditions, so that the power test range of the engine is widened, the temperature response speed is improved, and the detection of the starting of the fuel cells with different powers can be served.

Description

Multi-mode fuel cell test bench heat management system and control method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a multi-mode fuel cell test bench heat management system and a control method thereof.
Background
The fuel cell has the characteristics of high energy conversion efficiency, low working temperature, low noise, zero pollution and the like, the utilization rate of the fuel cell shows a explosive growth trend in the year, and a chemical reaction power device directly converts chemical energy into electric energy by performing electrochemical reaction on hydrogen and oxygen in a fuel cell engine.
With the increasing commercialization process of fuel cell engines, a great number of fuel cell engine manufacturers are developed, manufactured and produced, and in order to ensure the reliability, safety and market competition of the fuel cell engines, third-party detection and authentication are required before the fuel cell engines leave factories. The certification process needs to test the performance of the fuel cell engine from multiple aspects, comprehensively grasp the running state of the fuel cell engine through the test, and make the quality judgment of performance indexes of all aspects.
When the fuel cell engine is detected, a third-party detection mechanism is required to be additionally provided with a test board compatible with the detected engine, and the detection process is required to truly reflect the performance of the engine in all aspects. However, for an engine detection mechanism, the received engine to be detected has different technical routes of developers and different requirements on the thermal management characteristics of the engine, so that more problems are brought to the adaptability of an engine test bench; and secondly, the requirements of the engine temperature and the temperature difference control interval are different, so that the hardware configuration and the software control method of the thermal management system are difficult to meet simultaneously. Therefore, the problems of small test power coverage range and narrow temperature difference control range exist in the test of the existing fuel cell engine.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-mode heat management system for a fuel cell engine test bench, which widens the power test range of an engine and improves the temperature control precision.
The basic scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a multi-mode fuel cell test board thermal management system comprises an upper computer, an engine module, a heating module, a cooling module, a coolant pump and a guide pipe, wherein the engine module is communicated with the coolant pump through the guide pipe and is communicated with the heating module through the guide pipe to form a heating loop, the engine module is communicated with the cooling module through the guide pipe to form a cooling loop, and coolant flows in the guide pipe;
the engine module comprises a tested fuel cell engine, an inlet temperature sensor and an outlet temperature sensor are respectively arranged at the inlet end and the outlet end of the fuel cell engine, and the inlet temperature sensor and the outlet temperature sensor are electrically connected with an upper computer and used for detecting the inlet temperature and the outlet temperature and uploading the detected temperatures to the upper computer;
the heating module comprises a heating device, a heating loop control device and a heating loop flow device which are electrically connected with an upper computer, the heating loop control device is used for controlling the on-off of the heating loop, the heating loop flow device is used for controlling the flow of the cooling liquid entering the heating module, and the heating device is used for heating the cooling liquid entering the heating module;
the cooling module comprises a cooling device, a cooling loop control device and a cooling loop flow device which are electrically connected with the controller, wherein the cooling loop control device is used for controlling the on-off of the cooling loop, the cooling loop flow device is used for controlling the flow of cooling liquid entering the cooling loop, and the cooling device is used for cooling the cooling liquid entering the cooling loop;
the upper computer comprises a mode selection module, a temperature acquisition module, a temperature judgment module and a system control module;
the mode selection module is used for selecting a working mode;
the temperature acquisition module is used for acquiring the inlet temperature and the outlet temperature detected by the inlet temperature sensor and the outlet temperature sensor;
the temperature judging module is preset with inlet threshold values of inlet temperatures and outlet threshold values of outlet temperatures in various working modes, and judges the relationship between the inlet temperature and the inlet threshold value and the relationship between the outlet temperature and the outlet threshold value in the current working mode;
the system control module comprises an on-off control module, a device control module and a flow control module;
the on-off control module is used for sending control instructions to the heating loop control device and the cooling loop control device according to the selected working mode;
the device control module is used for sending control instructions to the heating device and the cooling device according to the relationship between the inlet temperature and the inlet threshold value and the relationship between the outlet threshold value and the outlet temperature of the current working mode;
and the flow control module is used for sending control instructions to the heating loop flow device and the cooling loop flow device according to the relation between the inlet threshold and the inlet temperature and the relation between the outlet threshold and the outlet temperature which are currently used for the current working mode.
The principle and the advantages of the invention are as follows: the fuel cell engine generates heat in the detection process, the heat management system is required to consume and transfer the heat, or the heat management system is required to supply certain heat, so that the cooling liquid in the guide pipe is heated through the heating module in the heating loop, and certain heat is provided for the fuel cell engine. The cooling liquid in the conduit is cooled by a cooling module in the cooling circuit, thereby transferring heat generated by the fuel cell engine. The inlet temperature of the cooling liquid before flowing into the fuel cell engine and the outlet temperature of the cooling liquid after flowing out of the fuel cell engine are detected through the inlet temperature sensor and the outlet temperature sensor, and the detected temperatures are fed back to the upper computer. The heating loop control device blocks the heating loop when the cooling liquid is not required to be heated; the cooling circuit control device blocks the cooling circuit when the cooling liquid does not need to be heated.
The upper computer selects a working mode through the mode selection module, and the on-off control module controls the on-off of the heating loop and the cooling loop through the heating loop control device and the cooling loop control device according to the selected working mode, so that heat transfer to the fuel cell engine is controlled or heat is provided for the fuel cell engine. The device control module controls the heating device and the cooling device according to a preset inlet threshold value and a detected inlet temperature of a current working mode and a relation between a preset outlet threshold value and a detected outlet temperature, the flow control module controls the flow of cooling liquid in the heating loop and the cooling loop through the heating loop flow device and the cooling loop flow device according to a preset inlet threshold value and a detected inlet temperature of the current working mode and a relation between the preset outlet threshold value and the detected outlet temperature, and therefore heating and cooling efficiency is regulated and controlled. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the power test range of the engine is widened by changing the running state and the control mode of each hardware, the temperature response speed is improved, and the method can be used for detecting the starting of the fuel cells with different powers.
Further, the cooling module comprises an air cooling module and a liquid cooling module, wherein the air cooling module and the liquid cooling module are connected in parallel to form an air cooling loop and a liquid cooling loop respectively; the cooling device comprises an air cooling device and a liquid cooling device, the cooling loop control device comprises an air cooling control device and a liquid cooling control device, and the cooling loop flow device comprises an air cooling flow device and a liquid cooling flow device;
the air cooling loop comprises an air cooling device, an air cooling control device and an air cooling flow device;
the liquid cooling loop comprises a liquid cooling device, a liquid cooling control device and a liquid cooling flow device; the liquid cooling device comprises a hot side, a cold source channel, a cold source control device and a cold source flow device, wherein the hot side of the liquid cooling device is communicated with the liquid cooling loop, the cold side is communicated with a cold source inlet and a cold source outlet to form a cold source branch, the cold source channel flows with the cold source, the cold source control device is used for controlling the opening and closing of the cold source branch, and the cold source flow device is used for controlling the flow of a cold source in the cold source branch.
Carry out the cold source through forced air cooling and liquid cooling two kinds of modes to the coolant liquid to forced air cooling and liquid cooling all have solitary return circuit, can operate simultaneously, also can operate alone. The air cooling loop cools the cooling liquid through the air cooling device, the air cooling loop is suitable for radiating the engine with low power heat load in the test process, the liquid cooling device cools the cooling liquid through the liquid cooling device, the air cooling loop is suitable for the engine with medium and high power heat load and radiating in the test, and the upper computer can control the cooling efficiency when the air cooling loop is switched on by controlling the air cooling device. When the liquid cooling loop is opened, the cooling efficiency of the liquid cooling device can be controlled by controlling the flow device of the cold source. Through two modes of air cooling and liquid cooling, the engine test heat load in a wider range can be covered.
Furthermore, the control devices are all electromagnetic valves, the flow devices are all regulating valves, and the system control module controls the opening and closing of the open-close control loop of the electromagnetic valves and controls the flow by controlling the opening of the regulating valves;
the heating loop flow device, the liquid cooling flow device and the cold source flow device are all combined valve groups and comprise a high flow valve and a low flow valve, the adjustable flow and range of the high flow valve are larger than those of the low flow valve, and the high flow valve and the low flow valve are connected in parallel;
the upper computer also comprises an opening judgment module which is preset with a lowest opening and a highest opening and used for acquiring the opening of the high flow valve and judging the relation between the opening and the lowest opening and the highest opening;
the flow control module controls the opening degree of the high flow valve according to the relation between the outlet threshold value and the outlet temperature of the working mode, and is further used for controlling the opening degree of the low flow valve to be reduced when the opening degree of the high flow valve is smaller than the lowest opening degree, and controlling the opening degree of the low flow valve to be increased when the opening degree of the high flow valve is larger than the highest opening degree.
The electromagnetic valve is used as a control device to control the opening and closing of the loop, and the regulating valve is used as a flow device to regulate the flow in the opening and closing control loop of the regulating valve. Surely, heating circuit flow device, cold night flow device and cold source flow device are combination formula valves, and high flow valve's adjustable flow and range are greater than low flow valve's adjustable flow and range, cooperate through high flow valve and low flow valve, and high flow valve carries out the coarse adjustment to large-traffic coolant liquid and cold source to the quick regulation response demand of adaptation rapid heating up or cooling process, and low flow valve is to cooperating high flow valve and is carried out the regulation that becomes more meticulous to the flow, thereby makes and to carry out the adjustment that becomes more meticulous to the coolant liquid flow in the full power scope. The opening degree judging module of the upper computer helps the flow control module to regulate and control the high flow valve and the low flow valve by acquiring the opening degree of the high flow valve.
Further, the working modes comprise a medium-high power cold machine starting test mode, a medium-high power heat machine starting test mode, a low-power steady-state test mode, a low-power rapid loading and unloading test mode and a high-power rapid loading and unloading test mode;
when the working module is in a medium-high power cold machine starting test mode, the system control module controls the cold source branch of the heating loop and the air cooling loop to be turned off, controls the liquid cooling loop to be turned on, controls the cold source branch to be turned on when the outlet temperature is equal to an outlet threshold value, then controls the flow of the refrigeration source in the cold source branch to be reduced when the outlet temperature is less than the outlet threshold value, and controls the flow of the refrigeration source in the cold source branch to be increased when the outlet temperature is greater than the outlet threshold value;
when the working mode is a medium-high power heat engine starting test mode, the system control module controls the air cooling loop and the liquid cooling loop to be turned off, the heating loop is turned on, when the outlet temperature is smaller than an outlet threshold value, the heating device is controlled to be turned on, when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, the heating device is controlled to be turned off, and when the outlet temperature is smaller than the outlet threshold value, the heating device is controlled to be turned on;
when the working mode is a low-power steady-state testing mode, the system control module controls the liquid cooling loop, the cold source branch and the heating loop to be switched off, the air cooling loop is switched on, when the outlet temperature is smaller than an outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be reduced, and when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be increased;
when the working mode is a low-power rapid loading and unloading test mode, the system control module controls the liquid cooling loop and the cold source branch to be switched off, the heating loop and the air cooling loop to be switched on, and controls the power of the air cooling device to be reduced when the outlet temperature is smaller than an outlet threshold value, controls the power of the air cooling device to be increased when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, controls the heating device to be switched on when the inlet temperature is smaller than an inlet threshold value, and controls the heating device to be switched off when the inlet temperature is larger than the inlet threshold value;
when the working mode is a high-power rapid loading and unloading test mode, the system control module controls the liquid cooling loop, the air cooling loop and the cold source branch to be opened, the heating loop to be closed, and when the outlet temperature is smaller than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be reduced, when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be increased, when the inlet temperature is smaller than the inlet threshold value, the flow of the control cooling source in the cold source branch is reduced, and when the inlet temperature is larger than the inlet threshold value, the flow of the control cooling source in the cold source branch is increased.
When the engine is started in the test mode of the medium-high power cold machine, the engine generates heat and is heated up by itself in the starting process, the external heat is not needed, so that the heating loop is turned off, the heating is not carried out, when the outlet temperature is equal to the outlet threshold value, the engine is naturally heated up to the working temperature required to be detected, because the heat load of the tested engine is medium-high power, the cold source branch and the liquid cooling loop are turned on, at the moment, only the liquid cooling loop forms a closed loop, the engine is cooled through the flowing of cooling liquid, and the cooling liquid which receives and transmits the heat of the engine is cooled through an external cold source. When the outlet temperature is lower than the outlet threshold value, the flow of the control cooling source in the cold source branch is reduced, the cooling efficiency is lowered, the temperature of the engine is increased, when the outlet temperature is higher than the outlet threshold value, the flow of the control cooling source in the cold source branch is increased, the cooling efficiency is improved, the temperature of the engine is reduced, and therefore the working temperature of the engine is in a proper range after the cold machine is started.
When the medium-high power heat engine starts the test mode, the engine heat engine is required to be started, therefore, a heating loop needs to be opened, the heating module heats the cooling liquid, the heating loop forms a closed loop, the heated cooling liquid flows through the engine to enable the engine to be rapidly heated, when the outlet temperature is greater than the outlet threshold value, the heating device is closed, and when the outlet temperature is less than the outlet threshold value, the heating device is opened, so that the heat engine starting test is carried out on the fuel cell engine.
When the working mode is a low-power steady-state test mode, the heat load of the tested engine is low power and is in a steady-state test, at the moment, only the air cooling circuit is required to be opened to form a closed loop, only the air cooling circuit is used, the flow of the cooling liquid in the whole circuit is reduced, the temperature response speed of the cooling liquid is favorably improved, the temperature performance of low-power heat exchange is improved, when the outlet temperature is smaller than an outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is reduced, the cooling efficiency is lowered, therefore, when the temperature of the engine rises, and the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is increased, the cooling efficiency is improved, and therefore, the temperature of the engine is lowered.
When the working mode is a low-power rapid loading and unloading test mode, the heat load of the tested engine is low power, and in the loading and unloading test, if only an air cooling loop is relied on, the temperature rise or the temperature drop of the cooling liquid is easy to generate temperature response delay in the load changing process of the engine, and simultaneously, larger overshoot is generated to cause temperature instability. Therefore, at the moment, the air cooling device and the heating device are required to be matched, the air cooling loop and the heating loop are respectively opened to form a closed loop, the air cooling device is associated with the outlet temperature, when the outlet temperature is smaller than an outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be reduced, and when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be improved. The heating device is matched with the inlet temperature, when the inlet temperature is smaller than the inlet threshold value, the heating device is controlled to be started, and when the inlet temperature is larger than the inlet threshold value, the heating device is controlled to be closed, so that the temperature response rate of the low-power loading and unloading process is improved, larger overshoot is avoided, and the working temperature of the engine is stable.
When the working mode is a high-power rapid loading and unloading test mode, the thermal load of the tested engine is high power, heating is not needed at the moment, but if only a liquid cooling heat exchanger is relied on, the temperature rise or the temperature reduction of cooling liquid is easy to generate temperature response delay in the load changing process, and simultaneously, larger overshoot is generated to cause temperature instability, so that liquid cooling and air cooling are matched at the moment, an air cooling loop and a liquid cooling loop are simultaneously opened to form a closed loop, the air cooling device is related with the outlet temperature, when the outlet temperature is smaller than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is reduced, and when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is increased. The liquid cooling device is associated with the inlet temperature, when the inlet temperature is smaller than an inlet threshold value, the flow of the control cooling source in the cold source branch is reduced, and when the inlet temperature is larger than the inlet threshold value, the flow of the control cooling source in the cold source branch is increased. Therefore, the temperature response rate in the high-power load increasing and reducing process is improved, and larger overshoot is avoided, so that the working temperature of the engine is stable.
Further, the inlet end of the fuel cell engine is also connected with an engine inlet valve, an expansion water tank and a deionizer, and the outlet end of the engine is also connected with an engine outlet valve.
The engine inlet valve and the engine outlet valve block the engine and a system in the process of disassembling and stopping the engine, the expansion water tank supplies cooling liquid in the loops and balances the volume change of the cooling liquid caused by factors such as temperature, pressure and the like, and the deionizer adsorbs and removes ionic impurities generated by the precipitation of metal ions of each loop and pipeline valve, so that the conductivity of the cooling liquid is in a reasonable range.
The invention also discloses a control method of the multi-mode fuel cell test bench thermal management system, and the multi-mode fuel cell test bench thermal management system comprises the following steps:
a mode setting step: setting the working mode of the system;
a temperature acquisition step: acquiring an inlet temperature at an inlet end and an outlet temperature at an outlet end of a fuel cell engine;
a temperature judgment step: judging the relationship between the inlet temperature and the inlet threshold value and the relationship between the outlet temperature and the outlet threshold value according to the inlet threshold value and the outlet threshold value preset in the current mode;
on-off control step: controlling the on-off of each loop according to the selected working mode;
and (3) efficiency control step: and controlling the working modes of the heating device and the cooling device and the flow of the cooling liquid in the heating loop and the liquid cooling loop according to the relationship between the inlet temperature and the inlet threshold value and the relationship between the outlet temperature and the outlet threshold value.
Further, the on-off control step comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining working modes, wherein the working modes comprise a medium-high power cold machine starting test mode, a medium-high power heat machine starting test mode, a low-power steady-state test mode, a low-power rapid loading and unloading test mode and a high-power rapid loading and unloading test mode;
step two: when the working mode is a medium-high power cold machine starting test mode, the heating loop and the air cooling loop are controlled to be closed, and the liquid cooling loop and the cold source branch are controlled to be opened;
step three: when the working mode is a medium-high power heat engine starting test mode, the air cooling loop and the liquid cooling loop are controlled to be closed, and the heating loop is switched on;
step four: when the working mode is a low-power steady-state test mode, the liquid cooling loop, the cold source branch and the heating loop are controlled to be closed, and the air cooling loop is controlled to be opened;
step five: when the working mode is a low-power rapid loading and unloading test mode, the liquid cooling loop and the cold source branch are controlled to be closed, and the heating loop and the air cooling loop are controlled to be opened;
step six: and when the working mode is a high-power rapid loading and unloading test mode, the liquid cooling loop, the air cooling loop and the cold source branch are controlled to be switched on, and the heating loop is switched off.
Further, the efficiency controlling step includes the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: the working mode is a medium-high power heat engine starting test mode, the flow of the cooling source in the cold source branch is reduced when the outlet temperature is less than an outlet threshold value, and the flow of the cooling source in the cold source branch is increased when the outlet temperature is greater than the outlet threshold value;
step two: the working mode is a medium-high power heat engine starting test mode, when the outlet temperature is smaller than an outlet threshold value, the heating device is controlled to be started, and when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, the heating device is controlled to be stopped;
step three: the working mode is a low-power steady-state testing mode, when the outlet temperature is smaller than an outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be reduced, when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be increased, when the inlet temperature is smaller than an inlet threshold value, the heating device is controlled to be started, and when the inlet temperature is larger than the inlet threshold value, the heating device is controlled to be stopped;
step four: the working mode is a low-power rapid loading and unloading test mode, when the outlet temperature is smaller than an outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be reduced, when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be increased, when the inlet temperature is smaller than an inlet threshold value, the heating device is controlled to be started, and when the inlet temperature is larger than the inlet threshold value, the heating device is controlled to be stopped;
step five: the working mode is a high-power rapid loading and unloading test mode, when the outlet temperature is smaller than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be reduced, when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be increased, when the inlet temperature is smaller than the inlet threshold value, the flow of the control cooling source in the cold source branch is reduced, and when the inlet temperature is larger than the inlet threshold value, the flow of the control cooling source in the cold source branch is increased.
Further, the efficiency controlling step further includes the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: when the flow of the heating loop, the liquid cooling loop and the cold source loop is regulated, the opening degree of a high flow valve is obtained;
step two: judging the relation between the high flow valve and the lowest opening degree and the highest opening degree according to the preset lowest opening degree and the preset highest opening degree;
step three: when the opening degree of the high flow valve is equal to the lowest opening degree, if the opening degree needs to be reduced continuously, the opening degree of the low flow valve is controlled to be reduced;
and step four, when the opening degree of the high flow valve is equal to the highest opening degree, if the opening degree needs to be increased continuously, controlling the opening degree of the low flow valve to be increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a thermal management system of a multi-mode fuel cell test bench and a control method thereof according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a combined flow valve set control method according to an embodiment of the thermal management system and the control method for a multi-mode fuel cell test stand of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a middle and high power cold machine start-up test mode control method according to an embodiment of a thermal management system of a multi-mode fuel cell test bench and a control method thereof of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a middle and high power heat engine start test mode control method according to an embodiment of a thermal management system of a multi-mode fuel cell test bench and a control method thereof of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a low power steady state test mode control method of an embodiment of a thermal management system for a multi-mode fuel cell test stand and a control method thereof of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a low-power rapid load-reducing test mode control method according to an embodiment of the thermal management system for a multi-mode fuel cell test stand and the control method thereof of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a flowchart of a middle and high power rapid loading and unloading test mode control method according to an embodiment of a thermal management system of a multi-mode fuel cell test bench and a control method thereof of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:
the reference numbers in the drawings of the specification include: the device comprises an engine module 1, a heating module 2, a cooling module 3, a cooling liquid pump 4, an expansion water tank 5, a deionizer 6, a cold source inlet 7, a cold source outlet 8, a fuel cell engine 11, an engine inlet valve 12, an engine outlet valve 13, an inlet temperature sensor 14, an outlet temperature sensor 15, a heater 21, a heater inlet valve bank 22, a heater inlet high flow valve 22A, a heater inlet low flow valve 22B, a heater outlet valve 23, a liquid cooling heat exchanger 31, an air cooling heat exchanger 32, a liquid cooling inlet valve bank 33, a liquid cooling inlet high flow valve 33A, a liquid cooling inlet low flow valve 33B, a liquid cooling outlet valve 34, an air cooling inlet valve 35, an air cooling outlet valve 36, a cold source inlet valve bank 37, a cold source inlet high flow valve 37A, a cold source inlet low flow valve 37B and a cold source outlet valve 38.
The embodiment is basically as shown in the attached figure 1: the device comprises an engine module 1, a heating module 2 and a cooling module 3 which are communicated through a conduit, wherein the engine module 1 comprises a tested fuel cell engine, an engine inlet valve 12 and an inlet temperature sensor 14 are arranged at the inlet end of the engine, an engine outlet valve 13 and an outlet temperature sensor 15 are arranged at the outlet end of the engine, the outlet end of the fuel cell engine 11 is communicated with the inlet end of a coolant pump 4, the conduit is divided into two branches L1 and L2 after being discharged from the outlet end of the coolant pump 4, and the L1 branch is communicated with the heating module 2 and then is communicated with the inlet end of the fuel cell engine 11 to form a heating loop. The branch L2 is communicated with the cooling module 3 and then communicated with the inlet end of the fuel cell engine 11 to form a cooling loop.
The heating module comprises a heating device, a heating loop control device and a heating loop flow device, wherein the heating device is used for heating the cooling liquid entering the heating module 2, in the embodiment, the heating device is a heater 21, the inlet end of the heating device is communicated with the cooling liquid pump 4, and the outlet end of the heating device is communicated with the inlet end of the fuel cell engine 11; the heating loop control device is used for controlling the on-off of a heating loop, in the embodiment, the heating loop control device is a heater outlet valve 23, specifically an electromagnetic valve, and is arranged at an outlet end of the heating device, the heating loop flow device is used for controlling the flow of cooling liquid entering the heating module, in the embodiment, the heating loop flow device is a heater inlet valve group 22 and is arranged at an inlet end of the heater 21, the heating loop flow device comprises a heater inlet high flow valve 22A and a heater inlet low flow valve 22B which are connected in parallel, and the adjustable flow and the range of the heater inlet high flow valve 22A are larger than those of the heater inlet low flow valve 22B.
The cooling module 3 comprises an air cooling module and a liquid cooling module, the conduit is divided into two branches L21 and L22 in the cooling module 3, the branch L21 is communicated with the air cooling module and then communicated with the inlet end of the fuel cell engine 11 to form an air cooling loop, the branch L22 is communicated with the liquid cooling module and then communicated with the inlet end of the fuel cell engine 11 to form a liquid cooling loop, and the air cooling loop and the liquid cooling loop are connected in parallel.
The air cooling module comprises an air cooling device, an air cooling control device and an air cooling flow device, the air cooling control device and the air cooling flow device, in the embodiment, the air cooling device is used for performing air cooling for cooling liquid, the air cooling heat exchanger 32 specifically comprises a fan with adjustable air speed, the air cooling control device is an air cooling outlet valve 36, specifically is an electromagnetic valve, is arranged at the outlet end of the air cooling heat exchanger 32 and is used for controlling the on-off of an air cooling loop, and the air cooling flow device is an air cooling inlet valve 35, specifically is a single adjusting valve and is used for controlling the flow of the cooling liquid flowing into the air cooling device.
The liquid cooling module comprises a liquid cooling device, a liquid cooling control device and a liquid cooling flow device. In this embodiment, the liquid cooling device is liquid cooling heat exchanger 31, including hot survey, the cold side, cold source controlling means, cold source flow device, wherein the hot side intercommunication is in the liquid cooling return circuit, liquid cooling controlling means is used for being liquid cooling outlet valve 34, specifically the solenoid valve, locate the exit end of hot side, be used for controlling the break-make of liquid cooling return circuit, liquid cooling flow device is liquid cooling import valves 33, be used for controlling the flow of coolant liquid in the liquid cooling return circuit, locate the entrance point of hot side, including parallelly connected liquid cooling import high flow valve 33A and liquid cooling import low flow valve 33B, liquid cooling import high flow valve 33A's adjustable flow and range are greater than liquid cooling import low flow valve 33B's adjustable flow and range.
The entrance point of cold side has cold source import 7 through the pipe intercommunication, and the exit end intercommunication has cold source export 8, and outside cold source flows into the cold side from cold source import 7, flows out from cold source export 8 after the cold side heat transfer, forms the cold source branch road. The liquid cooling control device is used to control the on/off of the cooling source branch, in this example, the cooling source control device is a cooling source outlet valve 38, which is an electromagnetic valve and is arranged at the outlet end of the cold side. The cold source flow device is used for controlling the flow of a cold source in a cold source branch, and in the embodiment, the cold source flow device is a cold source inlet valve group 37 and is arranged at the inlet end of the cold source, and comprises a cold source inlet high flow valve 37A and a cold source inlet low flow valve 37B which are connected in parallel, wherein the adjustable flow and the range of the cold source inlet high flow valve 37A are larger than those of the cold source inlet low flow valve 22B.
The inlet end of the fuel cell generator is also connected with an expansion water tank 5 which is used for supplying cooling liquid in the loop and balancing the volume change of the cooling liquid caused by factors such as temperature, pressure and the like; and the deionizer 6 is used for adsorbing and removing ionic impurities generated by the precipitation of metal ions of each loop and pipeline valve, so that the conductivity of the cooling liquid is in a reasonable range.
The cold source heat exchanger is characterized by further comprising an upper computer, wherein the upper computer is electrically connected with the engine inlet temperature sensor 14, the outlet temperature sensor 15, the heater 21, the heater inlet valve bank 22, the heater outlet valve 23, the air cooling heat exchanger 32, the liquid cooling inlet valve bank 33, the liquid cooling outlet valve bank 34, the air cooling inlet valve 35, the cold air outlet valve 36, the cold source inlet valve bank 37 and the cold source outlet valve 38.
The upper computer comprises a mode selection module, a temperature acquisition module, a temperature judgment module and a system control module, wherein the system control module comprises an on-off control module, a device control module and a flow control module.
The mode selection module is used for selecting a working mode and sending an operation instruction of the working mode, wherein the working mode comprises a medium and high power cold machine starting test mode, a medium and high power heat machine starting test mode, a low power steady state test mode, a low power rapid loading and unloading test mode and a high power rapid loading and unloading test mode;
the temperature acquisition module is used for acquiring inlet temperature and outlet temperature detected by the inlet temperature sensor and the outlet temperature sensor;
the temperature judgment module is preset with an inlet threshold value of the inlet temperature and an outlet threshold value of the outlet temperature in each working mode, and judges the relationship between the inlet temperature and the inlet threshold value and the relationship between the outlet temperature and the outlet threshold value in the current working mode;
the on-off control module is used for sending control instructions to the heater outlet valve 23, the liquid cooling outlet valve 34, the air cooling outlet valve 36 and the cold source outlet valve 38 according to the selected working mode, and controlling the on-off of the heating loop, the air cooling loop, the liquid cooling loop and the cold source branch in different working modes by controlling the on-off of each outlet valve.
The device control module is used for sending control instructions to the heater 21, the air-cooled heat exchanger 32 and the liquid-cooled heat exchanger 31 according to the relationship between the inlet threshold and the inlet temperature and the relationship between the outlet threshold and the outlet temperature of the current working mode, and specifically, controlling whether to heat the cooling liquid or not by controlling the on and off of the heater 21; the air cooling system controls the rotating speed of the air speed in the air cooling heat exchanger 32, controls the cooling liquid cooling efficiency in the air cooling loop, controls the opening and closing of the cold source outlet valve 38 in the liquid cooling heat exchanger, controls whether the cooling liquid in the liquid cooling loop is subjected to liquid cooling, and controls the opening of the cold source inlet valve group to control the flow of the external cold source flowing into the cold side so as to control the liquid cooling efficiency of the cooling liquid in the liquid cooling loop.
And the flow control module is used for sending control instructions according to the relationship between the inlet threshold and the inlet temperature and the relationship between the outlet threshold and the outlet temperature of the current working mode, sending the control instructions to the heater inlet valve group 22, the liquid cooling inlet valve group 33, the air cooling inlet valve 35 and the cold source inlet valve group 37, and controlling the flow of the cooling liquid in the heating circuit, the air cooling circuit, the liquid cooling circuit and the cold source branch by controlling the opening degree of each inlet valve group or each inlet valve.
The heater inlet valve group 22, the liquid cooling inlet valve group 33 and the cold source inlet valve group 37 can accurately regulate the flow in a wide range through two regulating valves connected in parallel, and the specific working logic is as shown in fig. 2:
the high flow valve is mainly used for roughly adjusting the large flow, the adjustable flow of the high flow valve is large, the range of the range is large, the precision of the adjustment in a bottom crossing flow area (corresponding to the opening degree D less than 20% in the implementation) and a high flow area (corresponding to the opening degree D more than 80% in the embodiment) is limited, therefore, the low flow valve is matched with the high flow valve to accurately adjust and control the whole flow range, when the flow is adjusted and controlled, the high flow valve controls the opening degree to be adjusted within the range of 20% to 80% according to the relation between the detected outlet temperature or inlet temperature and the corresponding outlet threshold value or inlet threshold value, when the opening degree D of the high flow valve is less than 20%, the opening degree of the low flow valve is reduced, otherwise, the opening degree of the low flow valve is maintained, when the opening degree D > 80% of the high flow valve, the opening degree of the low flow valve is increased, otherwise, the opening degree of the low flow valve is maintained, and maintaining the flow before the shutdown command is not received. Thereby realizing the accurate regulation and control of the flow.
The operation conditions of the system control module in each working mode are as follows:
the first mode is as follows: medium-high power cold machine start test mode
The specific logic of the control method of the working mode is shown in fig. 3, the heat load of the fuel cell engine tested by the working mode is medium and high power, and the engine is not required to be started by a heat engine, namely the engine generates heat and naturally heats up in the starting process of the engine without supplementing heat by the outside, so that the heating module 2, the air cooling module and the liquid cooling module do not work in the starting process of the cold machine, the heater outlet valve 23 is controlled to be closed, the heater 21 is controlled to be closed, and no cooling liquid flows in a heating loop; the air-cooled outlet valve 36 is closed, and the air-cooled heat exchanger 32 is closed, so that no cooling liquid circulates in the air-cooled loop; the liquid cooling outlet valve 34 is opened, the cold source outlet valve 38 is closed, it is ensured that cooling liquid circulates in the liquid cooling loop, no external cold source circulates in the cold source branch, at this time, although cooling liquid circulates in the liquid cooling loop, the cold source branch does not have external cold source circulation, namely, the liquid cooling heat exchanger 31 does not work, cooling treatment is not performed on the cooling liquid in the liquid cooling loop, the fuel cell engine 11 naturally heats up, and the outlet temperature sensor 15 detects the outlet temperature of the cooling liquid flowing out of the fuel cell engine 11 in real time and feeds the outlet temperature back to the upper computer. And when the outlet temperature is equal to the outlet threshold value, it indicates that the fuel cell engine 11 is started, and at this time, the cold source outlet valve 38 is opened, so that the cold source circulates in the external cold source in the cold source branch, that is, the liquid cooling heat exchanger 31 starts to cool the coolant in the liquid cooling loop. And when outlet temperature is greater than the export threshold value, the aperture of control cold source inlet valves 37 increases, thereby make the outside cold source flow in the cold source branch road bigger, make cooling efficiency higher, consequently the outlet temperature that detects can reduce gradually, and when the outlet temperature that detects is less than the export threshold value, the aperture of control cold source inlet valves 37 reduces, thereby it is littleer to make the outside cold source flow in the cold source branch road, make cold source efficiency lower, consequently the outlet temperature that detects also can rise gradually, and continue to circulate before not receiving the shutdown instruction. The working temperature of the fuel cell engine 11 after cold start is ensured to be in a reasonable range by controlling the flow of the external cold source.
And a second mode: medium-high power heat engine starting test mode
The specific logic of the control method of the operation mode is shown in fig. 4, and the measured thermal load of the fuel cell engine 11 in the operation mode is medium and high power, and heat is required to be supplied to the fuel cell engine 11 from the outside, namely, the heater 21 is required to heat the cooling liquid. Therefore, in this mode, the heater outlet valve 23 is first controlled to open to ensure that the coolant flows through the heating circuit, and the heater 21 is controlled to open to ensure that the coolant in the heating circuit is heated. The air-cooled outlet valve 36 is closed to ensure that no cooling liquid circulates in the air-cooled loop; the liquid cooling outlet valve 34 is closed to ensure that no cooling liquid circulates in the liquid cooling loop. That is, only the heating circuit is turned on at this time, and the heater 21 heats the coolant in the heating circuit, thereby helping the fuel cell engine 11 to be warmed up quickly. The outlet temperature sensor 15 detects the outlet temperature of the coolant flowing out of the fuel cell engine 11 in real time, controls the heater 21 to be turned off when the outlet temperature is greater than an outlet threshold, controls the heater 21 to be turned on when the outlet temperature is less than the outlet threshold, and further circulates until a medium and high power heat engine start completion instruction is received, enters the state described in the first mode, and continues to circulate before a shutdown instruction is not received.
And a third mode: low power steady state test mode
The specific logic of the control method of the working mode is shown in fig. 5, the thermal load of the fuel cell engine 11 in the current mode is low power and is in a stable test state, the air-cooled outlet valve 36 is controlled to be opened in the mode to ensure that the cooling liquid flows in the air-cooled loop, the air-cooled heat exchanger 32 is controlled to be opened to ensure that the cooling liquid in the air-cooled loop is cooled by air, the heater outlet valve 23 is controlled to be closed to ensure that the cooling liquid does not flow in the heating loop, and the liquid-cooled outlet valve 34 and the cold source outlet valve 38 are controlled to be closed to ensure that the cooling liquid does not flow in the liquid-cooled loop. Therefore, only the air cooling loop forms a closed loop, and the flow of the cooling liquid in the loop is reduced due to the fact that only the air cooling loop is opened, so that the temperature response rate of the cooling liquid is improved, and the temperature performance of low-power heat exchange is improved. The outlet temperature sensor 15 detects the outlet temperature of the coolant after flowing out of the fuel cell engine 11, and when the outlet temperature is lower than the temperature threshold, the rotation speed of the fan in the air-cooled heat exchanger 32 is controlled to be reduced, and the air volume is reduced, so that the cooling efficiency of the coolant in the air-cooled circuit is reduced, and the detected outlet temperature gradually rises and approaches the outlet threshold. When the detected outlet temperature is higher than the outlet threshold value, the wind speed and the rotation speed in the air-cooled heat exchanger 32 are controlled to be increased, the wind volume is increased, the cooling efficiency of the cooling liquid in the air-cooled loop is increased, the detected outlet is reduced, the outlet threshold value is approached, and the circulation is continued before the shutdown instruction is not received. Thereby ensuring that the operating temperature of the fuel cell engine 11 is within a reasonable range during the low power steady state test.
And a fourth mode: low power fast load-unload test mode
The specific logic of the control method of this operation mode is shown in fig. 6, and the thermal load of the fuel cell engine 11 is low power, and in this mode, the air-cooling circuit and the heating circuit are required to be simultaneously turned on. Because when the engine is loaded or unloaded quickly, if only the air-cooled heat exchanger 32 is relied on, the temperature rise or the temperature drop of the cooling liquid is easy to generate temperature response delay in the load changing process, and simultaneously, larger overshoot is generated to cause temperature instability, therefore, in the mode, the heater outlet valve 23 is controlled to be opened, and the circulation of the cooling liquid in the heating loop is ensured. And controlling the air-cooled outlet valve 36 to be opened to ensure that the cooling liquid flows in the air-cooled loop, and then regulating and controlling the temperature of the cooling liquid from two aspects. On the one hand, outlet temperature sensor 15 detects the outlet temperature of the coolant liquid after flowing out fuel cell engine 11 in real time, when the outlet temperature that detects is less than the export threshold value, the fan rotational speed of control air-cooled heat exchanger 32 reduces, the amount of wind reduces, the cooling efficiency of air-cooled heat exchanger to the coolant liquid reduces, the outlet temperature that detects can rise gradually, tend to the export threshold value, when the outlet temperature that detects is greater than the export threshold value, the fan rotational speed of control air-cooled heat exchanger 32 increases, the amount of wind increases, the cooling efficiency of air-cooled heat exchanger to the coolant liquid improves, the outlet temperature that detects also can improve, tend to the export threshold value. On the other hand, the inlet temperature sensor 14 detects the inlet temperature of the coolant before flowing into the fuel cell engine 11 in real time, controls the heater 21 to start when the inlet temperature is less than the inlet threshold, heats the coolant flowing therethrough, gradually increases the detected inlet temperature toward the inlet threshold, and controls the heater 21 to turn off when the detected inlet temperature is greater than the inlet threshold, and continues the cycle before receiving no shutdown instruction. By adjusting the rotating speed of the fan in the heater 21 and the air-cooled heat exchanger 32, the temperature response rate in the low-power load increasing and reducing process is improved, larger overshoot is avoided, and the working temperature of the engine is stable.
And a fifth mode: high power fast load-up/down test mode
The specific logic of the control method of the working mode is shown in fig. 7, the thermal load of the fuel cell engine 11 measured in the working mode is high power, and in the working mode, the air cooling refrigeration loop and the liquid cooling loop are required to work simultaneously, because when the engine is loaded or unloaded quickly, if only a water cooling heat exchanger is relied on, the temperature rise or the temperature fall of the cooling liquid is easy to send temperature response delay in the load changing process, and meanwhile, larger overshoot is generated, so that the temperature is unstable. Therefore, the air cooling loop and the liquid cooling loop are both opened in the process of high-power quick loading or load reduction, and a closed loop is formed. And controlling the liquid cooling outlet valve 34 to be opened to ensure that the cooling liquid flows through the liquid cooling loop, and controlling the air cooling outlet valve 36 to be opened to ensure that the cooling liquid flows through the air cooling loop. And regulate and control the temperature of the cooling liquid from two aspects, when the outlet temperature that outlet temperature sensor 15 detects is less than the outlet threshold, control the fan rotational speed of the air-cooled heat exchanger 32 to reduce, the air volume reduces, the coolant heat dissipating capacity that flows through it reduces, the outlet temperature detected will reduce gradually, approach to the outlet threshold, when the outlet temperature detected is greater than the outlet threshold, control the fan rotational speed of the air-cooled heat exchanger 32 to increase, the air volume increases, the coolant heat dissipating capacity that flows through it increases, the outlet temperature detected will rise gradually, approach to the outlet threshold. On the other hand, when the inlet temperature detected by the inlet temperature sensor 14 is less than the inlet threshold, the opening of the cold source inlet valve group 37 is controlled to decrease, so that the heat dissipation rate of the cooling liquid flowing into the liquid cooling heat exchanger 31 decreases, the detected inlet temperature rises and approaches the inlet threshold, when the detected inlet temperature is greater than the inlet threshold, the opening of the liquid cooling inlet valve group 33 is controlled to increase, the heat dissipation rate of the cooling liquid flowing into the liquid cooling heat exchanger 31 increases, the detected inlet temperature falls and approaches the set value, and the cycle is continued until the shutdown instruction is not received. By controlling the opening degree of the cooling source inlet valve 37 and the rotating speed of the fan in real time, the temperature response rate in the load increasing and reducing process is improved, and large overshoot is avoided, so that the working temperature of the engine is stable during a high-power load increasing and load reducing test.
The invention also discloses a control method of the multi-mode fuel cell test bench thermal management system, and the multi-mode fuel cell test bench thermal management system comprises the following steps:
a mode setting step: setting the working mode of the system;
a temperature acquisition step: acquiring an inlet temperature at an inlet end and an outlet temperature at an outlet end of a fuel cell engine;
a temperature judgment step: judging the relationship between the inlet temperature and the inlet threshold value and the relationship between the outlet temperature and the outlet threshold value according to the inlet threshold value and the outlet threshold value preset in the current mode;
on-off control step: controlling the on-off of each loop according to the selected working mode;
and (3) efficiency control step: and controlling the working modes of the heating device and the cooling device and the flow of the cooling liquid in the heating loop and the liquid cooling loop according to the relationship between the inlet temperature and the inlet threshold value and the relationship between the outlet temperature and the outlet threshold value.
The on-off control step comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining working modes, wherein the working modes comprise a medium-high power cold machine starting test mode, a medium-high power heat machine starting test mode, a low-power steady-state test mode, a low-power rapid loading and unloading test mode and a high-power rapid loading and unloading test mode;
step two: when the working mode is a medium-high power cold machine starting test mode, the heating loop and the air cooling loop are controlled to be closed, and the liquid cooling loop and the cold source branch are controlled to be opened;
step three: when the working mode is a medium-high power heat engine starting test mode, the air cooling loop and the liquid cooling loop are controlled to be closed, and the heating loop is switched on;
step four: when the working mode is a low-power steady-state test mode, the liquid cooling loop, the cold source branch and the heating loop are controlled to be closed, and the air cooling loop is controlled to be opened;
step five: when the working mode is a low-power rapid loading and unloading test mode, the liquid cooling loop and the cold source branch are controlled to be closed, and the heating loop and the air cooling loop are controlled to be opened;
step six: and when the working mode is a high-power rapid loading and unloading test mode, the liquid cooling loop, the air cooling loop and the cold source branch are controlled to be switched on, and the heating loop is switched off.
The efficiency controlling step includes the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: the working mode is a medium-high power heat engine starting test mode, the flow of the cooling source in the cold source branch is reduced when the outlet temperature is less than an outlet threshold value, and the flow of the cooling source in the cold source branch is increased when the outlet temperature is greater than the outlet threshold value;
step two: the working mode is a medium-high power heat engine starting test mode, when the outlet temperature is smaller than an outlet threshold value, the heating device is controlled to be started, and when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, the heating device is controlled to be stopped;
step three: the working mode is a low-power steady-state testing mode, when the outlet temperature is smaller than an outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be reduced, when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be increased, when the inlet temperature is smaller than an inlet threshold value, the heating device is controlled to be started, and when the inlet temperature is larger than the inlet threshold value, the heating device is controlled to be stopped;
step four: the working mode is a low-power rapid loading and unloading test mode, when the outlet temperature is smaller than an outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be reduced, when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be increased, when the inlet temperature is smaller than an inlet threshold value, the heating device is controlled to be started, and when the inlet temperature is larger than the inlet threshold value, the heating device is controlled to be stopped;
step five: the working mode is a high-power rapid loading and unloading test mode, when the outlet temperature is smaller than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be reduced, when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be increased, when the inlet temperature is smaller than the inlet threshold value, the flow of the control cooling source in the cold source branch is reduced, and when the inlet temperature is larger than the inlet threshold value, the flow of the control cooling source in the cold source branch is increased.
The efficiency controlling step further comprises the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: when the flow of the heating loop, the liquid cooling loop and the cold source loop is regulated, the opening degree of a high flow valve is obtained;
step two: judging the relation between the high flow valve and the lowest opening degree and the highest opening degree according to the preset lowest opening degree and the preset highest opening degree;
step three: when the opening degree of the high flow valve is equal to the lowest opening degree, if the opening degree needs to be reduced continuously, the opening degree of the low flow valve is controlled to be reduced;
and step four, when the opening degree of the high flow valve is equal to the highest opening degree, if the opening degree needs to be increased continuously, controlling the opening degree of the low flow valve to be increased.
The foregoing are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and no attempt is made to show structural details of the invention in more detail than is necessary for the fundamental understanding of the art, the description taken with the drawings making apparent to those skilled in the art how the several forms of the invention may be embodied in practice with the teachings of the invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several changes and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.

Claims (9)

1. A multi-mode fuel cell test bench thermal management system is characterized in that: the engine module is communicated with the coolant pump through a guide pipe, is communicated with the heating module through the guide pipe to form a heating loop, is communicated with the cooling module through the guide pipe to form a cooling loop, and flows with cooling liquid in the guide pipe;
the engine module comprises a tested fuel cell engine, an inlet temperature sensor and an outlet temperature sensor are respectively arranged at the inlet end and the outlet end of the fuel cell engine, and the inlet temperature sensor and the outlet temperature sensor are electrically connected with an upper computer and used for detecting the inlet temperature and the outlet temperature and uploading the detected temperatures to the upper computer;
the heating module comprises a heating device, a heating loop control device and a heating loop flow device which are electrically connected with an upper computer, the heating loop control device is used for controlling the on-off of the heating loop, the heating loop flow device is used for controlling the flow of the cooling liquid entering the heating module, and the heating device is used for heating the cooling liquid entering the heating module;
the cooling module comprises a cooling device, a cooling loop control device and a cooling loop flow device which are electrically connected with the controller, wherein the cooling loop control device is used for controlling the on-off of the cooling loop, the cooling loop flow device is used for controlling the flow of cooling liquid entering the cooling loop, and the cooling device is used for cooling the cooling liquid entering the cooling loop;
the upper computer comprises a mode selection module, a temperature acquisition module, a temperature judgment module and a system control module;
the mode selection module is used for selecting a working mode;
the temperature acquisition module is used for acquiring the inlet temperature and the outlet temperature detected by the inlet temperature sensor and the outlet temperature sensor;
the temperature judging module is preset with inlet threshold values of inlet temperatures and outlet threshold values of outlet temperatures in various working modes, and judges the relationship between the inlet temperature and the inlet threshold value and the relationship between the outlet temperature and the outlet threshold value in the current working mode;
the system control module comprises an on-off control module, a device control module and a flow control module;
the on-off control module is used for sending control instructions to the heating loop control device and the cooling loop control device according to the selected working mode;
the device control module is used for sending control instructions to the heating device and the cooling device according to the relationship between the inlet temperature and the inlet threshold value and the relationship between the outlet threshold value and the outlet temperature of the current working mode;
and the flow control module is used for sending control instructions to the heating loop flow device and the cooling loop flow device according to the relation between the inlet threshold and the inlet temperature and the relation between the outlet threshold and the outlet temperature which are currently used for the current working mode.
2. The multi-mode fuel cell test stand thermal management system of claim 1, wherein: the cooling module comprises an air cooling module and a liquid cooling module, and the air cooling module and the liquid cooling module are connected in parallel to form an air cooling loop and a liquid cooling loop respectively; the cooling device comprises an air cooling device and a liquid cooling device, the cooling loop control device comprises an air cooling control device and a liquid cooling control device, and the cooling loop flow device comprises an air cooling flow device and a liquid cooling flow device;
the air cooling loop comprises an air cooling device, an air cooling control device and an air cooling flow device;
the liquid cooling loop comprises a liquid cooling device, a liquid cooling control device and a liquid cooling flow device; the liquid cooling device comprises a hot side, a cold source channel, a cold source control device and a cold source flow device, wherein the hot side of the liquid cooling device is communicated with the liquid cooling loop, the cold side is communicated with a cold source inlet and a cold source outlet to form a cold source branch, the cold source channel flows with the cold source, the cold source control device is used for controlling the opening and closing of the cold source branch, and the cold source flow device is used for controlling the flow of a cold source in the cold source branch.
3. The multi-mode fuel cell test stand thermal management system of claim 2, wherein: the control devices are all electromagnetic valves, the flow devices are all regulating valves, and the system control module controls the opening and closing of the open-close control loop of the electromagnetic valves and controls the flow by controlling the opening of the regulating valves;
the heating loop flow device, the liquid cooling flow device and the cold source flow device are all combined valve groups and comprise a high flow valve and a low flow valve, the adjustable flow and range of the high flow valve are larger than those of the low flow valve, and the high flow valve and the low flow valve are connected in parallel;
the upper computer also comprises an opening judgment module which is preset with a lowest opening and a highest opening and used for acquiring the opening of the high flow valve and judging the relation between the opening and the lowest opening and the highest opening;
the flow control module controls the opening degree of the high flow valve according to the relation between the outlet threshold value and the outlet temperature of the working mode, and is further used for controlling the opening degree of the low flow valve to be reduced when the opening degree of the high flow valve is smaller than the lowest opening degree, and controlling the opening degree of the low flow valve to be increased when the opening degree of the high flow valve is larger than the highest opening degree.
4. The multi-mode fuel cell test stand thermal management system of claim 3, wherein: the working modes comprise a medium-high power cold machine starting test mode, a medium-high power heat machine starting test mode, a low-power steady-state test mode, a low-power rapid loading and unloading test mode and a high-power rapid loading and unloading test mode;
when the working module is in a medium-high power cold machine starting test mode, the system control module controls the cold source branch of the heating loop and the air cooling loop to be turned off, controls the liquid cooling loop to be turned on, controls the cold source branch to be turned on when the outlet temperature is equal to an outlet threshold value, then controls the flow of the refrigeration source in the cold source branch to be reduced when the outlet temperature is less than the outlet threshold value, and controls the flow of the refrigeration source in the cold source branch to be increased when the outlet temperature is greater than the outlet threshold value;
when the working mode is a medium-high power heat engine starting test mode, the system control module controls the air cooling loop and the liquid cooling loop to be turned off, the heating loop is turned on, when the outlet temperature is smaller than an outlet threshold value, the heating device is controlled to be turned on, when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, the heating device is controlled to be turned off, and when the outlet temperature is smaller than the outlet threshold value, the heating device is controlled to be turned on;
when the working mode is a low-power steady-state testing mode, the system control module controls the liquid cooling loop, the cold source branch and the heating loop to be switched off, the air cooling loop is switched on, when the outlet temperature is smaller than an outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be reduced, and when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be increased;
when the working mode is a low-power rapid loading and unloading test mode, the system control module controls the liquid cooling loop and the cold source branch to be switched off, the heating loop and the air cooling loop to be switched on, and controls the power of the air cooling device to be reduced when the outlet temperature is smaller than an outlet threshold value, controls the power of the air cooling device to be increased when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, controls the heating device to be switched on when the inlet temperature is smaller than an inlet threshold value, and controls the heating device to be switched off when the inlet temperature is larger than the inlet threshold value;
when the working mode is a high-power rapid loading and unloading test mode, the system control module controls the liquid cooling loop, the air cooling loop and the cold source branch to be opened, the heating loop to be closed, and when the outlet temperature is smaller than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be reduced, when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be increased, when the inlet temperature is smaller than the inlet threshold value, the flow of the control cooling source in the cold source branch is reduced, and when the inlet temperature is larger than the inlet threshold value, the flow of the control cooling source in the cold source branch is increased.
5. The multi-mode fuel cell test stand thermal management system of claim 4, wherein: the inlet end is further connected with an engine inlet valve, an expansion water tank and a deionizer, and the outlet end is further connected with an engine outlet valve.
6. A control method of a thermal management system of a multi-mode fuel cell test bench, using a thermal management system of a multi-mode fuel cell test bench according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
a mode setting step: setting the working mode of the system;
a temperature acquisition step: acquiring an inlet temperature at an inlet end and an outlet temperature at an outlet end of a fuel cell engine;
a temperature judgment step: judging the relationship between the inlet temperature and the inlet threshold value and the relationship between the outlet temperature and the outlet threshold value according to the inlet threshold value and the outlet threshold value preset in the current mode;
on-off control step: controlling the on-off of each loop according to the selected working mode;
and (3) efficiency control step: and controlling the working modes of the heating device and the cooling device and the flow of the cooling liquid in the heating loop and the liquid cooling loop according to the relationship between the inlet temperature and the inlet threshold value and the relationship between the outlet temperature and the outlet threshold value.
7. The control method of the multi-mode fuel cell test bench thermal management system according to claim 6, wherein: the on-off control step comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining working modes, wherein the working modes comprise a medium-high power cold machine starting test mode, a medium-high power heat machine starting test mode, a low-power steady-state test mode, a low-power rapid loading and unloading test mode and a high-power rapid loading and unloading test mode;
step two: when the working mode is a medium-high power cold machine starting test mode, the heating loop and the air cooling loop are controlled to be closed, and the liquid cooling loop and the cold source branch are controlled to be opened;
step three: when the working mode is a medium-high power heat engine starting test mode, the air cooling loop and the liquid cooling loop are controlled to be closed, and the heating loop is switched on;
step four: when the working mode is a low-power steady-state test mode, the liquid cooling loop, the cold source branch and the heating loop are controlled to be closed, and the air cooling loop is controlled to be opened;
step five: when the working mode is a low-power rapid loading and unloading test mode, the liquid cooling loop and the cold source branch are controlled to be closed, and the heating loop and the air cooling loop are controlled to be opened;
step six: and when the working mode is a high-power rapid loading and unloading test mode, the liquid cooling loop, the air cooling loop and the cold source branch are controlled to be switched on, and the heating loop is switched off.
8. The control method of the multi-mode fuel cell test bench thermal management system according to claim 7, wherein: the efficiency controlling step includes the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: the working mode is a medium-high power heat engine starting test mode, the flow of the cooling source in the cold source branch is reduced when the outlet temperature is less than an outlet threshold value, and the flow of the cooling source in the cold source branch is increased when the outlet temperature is greater than the outlet threshold value;
step two: the working mode is a medium-high power heat engine starting test mode, when the outlet temperature is smaller than an outlet threshold value, the heating device is controlled to be started, and when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, the heating device is controlled to be stopped;
step three: the working mode is a low-power steady-state testing mode, when the outlet temperature is smaller than an outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be reduced, when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be increased, when the inlet temperature is smaller than an inlet threshold value, the heating device is controlled to be started, and when the inlet temperature is larger than the inlet threshold value, the heating device is controlled to be stopped;
step four: the working mode is a low-power rapid loading and unloading test mode, when the outlet temperature is smaller than an outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be reduced, when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be increased, when the inlet temperature is smaller than an inlet threshold value, the heating device is controlled to be started, and when the inlet temperature is larger than the inlet threshold value, the heating device is controlled to be stopped;
step five: the working mode is a high-power rapid loading and unloading test mode, when the outlet temperature is smaller than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be reduced, when the outlet temperature is larger than the outlet threshold value, the power of the air cooling device is controlled to be increased, when the inlet temperature is smaller than the inlet threshold value, the flow of the control cooling source in the cold source branch is reduced, and when the inlet temperature is larger than the inlet threshold value, the flow of the control cooling source in the cold source branch is increased.
9. The control method of the multi-mode fuel cell test bench thermal management system according to claim 8, wherein: the efficiency controlling step further comprises the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: when the flow of the heating loop, the liquid cooling loop and the cold source loop is regulated, the opening degree of a high flow valve is obtained;
step two: judging the relation between the high flow valve and the lowest opening degree and the highest opening degree according to the preset lowest opening degree and the preset highest opening degree;
step three: when the opening degree of the high flow valve is equal to the lowest opening degree, if the opening degree needs to be reduced continuously, the opening degree of the low flow valve is controlled to be reduced;
and step four, when the opening degree of the high flow valve is equal to the highest opening degree, if the opening degree needs to be increased continuously, controlling the opening degree of the low flow valve to be increased.
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