CN113258096A - Fuel cell thermal management system - Google Patents

Fuel cell thermal management system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113258096A
CN113258096A CN202010089140.6A CN202010089140A CN113258096A CN 113258096 A CN113258096 A CN 113258096A CN 202010089140 A CN202010089140 A CN 202010089140A CN 113258096 A CN113258096 A CN 113258096A
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China
Prior art keywords
branch
temperature
water pump
fuel cell
water
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Pending
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CN202010089140.6A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王博
周飞鲲
何东轩
李剑铮
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Guangzhou Automobile Group Co Ltd
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Guangzhou Automobile Group Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202010089140.6A priority Critical patent/CN113258096A/en
Publication of CN113258096A publication Critical patent/CN113258096A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
    • B60L58/32—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
    • B60L58/33—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
    • B60L58/32—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
    • B60L58/34—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04037—Electrical heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H01M8/04358—Temperature; Ambient temperature of the coolant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04417—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of the coolant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04701—Temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04768—Pressure; Flow of the coolant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Abstract

The invention discloses a fuel cell thermal management system. The fuel cell thermal management system comprises a pile temperature control loop, a sensor module arranged on the pile temperature control loop, a controller connected with the sensor module and the pile temperature control loop, wherein the pile temperature control loop comprises a temperature control main loop connected with a fuel cell, an expansion water tank and a first water pump which are connected with the temperature control main loop, a low-temperature heat dissipation loop connected with the first water pump, and a second water pump connected with the low-temperature heat dissipation loop and the temperature control main loop, the expansion water tank is connected with the first water pump, the sensor module is arranged on the temperature control main loop, and the first water pump and the second water pump are connected with the controller.

Description

Fuel cell thermal management system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cell auxiliary management, in particular to a fuel cell thermal management system.
Background
The fuel cell automobile is an automobile taking a fuel cell as power, and the fuel cell automobile has the advantages of less gas pollution and noise pollution in the running process because the fuel cell takes fuel and oxygen as raw materials and has no mechanical transmission parts. Among them, a fuel cell is a chemical device that directly converts chemical energy of fuel into electrical energy, and converts the chemical energy of fuel into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction.
In a fuel cell, a plurality of unit cells are stacked in series to form a cell stack, which is a place where electrochemical reactions occur. Because the heat that the cell pile produced in taking place electrochemical reaction process is great, in order to avoid too high heat to damage fuel cell, need set up the pile temperature control loop that links to each other with the cell pile, with the coolant liquid that flows in through pile temperature control loop, take away the heat that the cell pile formed, be equipped with the flow of water pump control coolant liquid in pile temperature control loop, in order to realize the heat dissipation, but when the pump lift is higher, can make the spare part pressure-bearing that links to each other with the water pump export great, there is the leakage risk during long-term operation, influence the life of spare part. Particularly, when the water pump is arranged at the water inlet of the cell stack, the pressure resistance of the cell stack is limited, and the rotating speed of the water pump needs to be limited, so that the heat dissipation effect of the fuel cell heat management system is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a fuel cell heat management system, which aims to solve the problem that the service life and the heat dissipation effect are influenced because parts connected with a water pump have large bearing pressure in the heat dissipation process of the conventional fuel cell heat management system.
The utility model provides a fuel cell thermal management system, includes pile temperature control circuit, sets up sensor module on the pile temperature control circuit, with the sensor module with the controller that the pile temperature control circuit links to each other, pile temperature control circuit include the control by temperature change major loop that links to each other with fuel cell, with expansion tank and the first water pump that the control by temperature change major loop links to each other, with the low temperature heat dissipation circuit that the first water pump links to each other, with low temperature heat dissipation circuit with the second water pump that the control by temperature change major loop links to each other, expansion tank with first water pump links to each other, the sensor module sets up on the control by temperature change major loop, first water pump with the second water pump with the controller links to each other.
Preferably, the temperature control main loop comprises a first temperature control branch and a second temperature control branch which are arranged in parallel; the first temperature control branch comprises a battery stack, a water inlet of the battery stack is connected with the second water pump, and a water outlet of the battery stack is connected with the expansion water tank and the first water pump; the second temperature control branch comprises an ion exchanger and a water air cooler which are arranged in series, one end of the ion exchanger is connected with the second water pump, and one end of the water air cooler is connected with the expansion water tank and the first water pump.
Preferably, the temperature control main circuit further comprises a third temperature control branch connected in parallel with the first temperature control branch and the second temperature control branch; the third temperature control branch comprises an electric two-way valve and an anode heat exchanger which are arranged in series; the electric two-way valve is connected with the controller, and one end of the electric two-way valve is connected with the second water pump; and one end of the anode heat exchanger is connected with the expansion water tank and the first water pump.
Preferably, the first temperature control branch further comprises a particle filter connected with the cell stack in series, and the particle filter is arranged at a water inlet of the cell stack.
Preferably, the sensor module comprises a first temperature and pressure sensor arranged at the water inlet of the cell stack and a second temperature and pressure sensor arranged at the water outlet of the cell stack.
Preferably, the low-temperature heat dissipation loop comprises a heat dissipation branch, an energy storage branch and a heat exchange branch which are arranged in parallel; the heat dissipation branch, the energy storage branch and the heat exchange branch are connected with the second water pump through an electric four-way valve; the first water pump is connected with the heat dissipation branch, the energy storage branch and the heat exchange branch, or the first water pump is arranged on the heat dissipation branch.
Preferably, the heat dissipation branch comprises a battery radiator, and an output end of the battery radiator is connected with the expansion water tank.
Preferably, the energy storage branch comprises a phase change energy storage device.
Preferably, the heat exchange branch comprises a heat exchange exchanger and a heat exchange control loop connected with the heat exchange exchanger.
Preferably, the heat exchange control loop is a warm air control loop, and the warm air control loop comprises an electric heater, a warm air radiator, a warm air kettle and a warm air water pump which are connected with the heat exchange exchanger in series.
The embodiment of the invention provides a fuel cell thermal management system, wherein a temperature control main loop, a first water pump, a low-temperature heat dissipation loop and a second water pump are arranged in series, the first water pump is arranged between the temperature control main loop and the low-temperature heat dissipation loop, the second water pump is arranged between the low-temperature heat dissipation loop and the temperature control main loop, and the rotating speeds of the first water pump and the second water pump can be respectively adjusted according to sensor measurement data of the temperature control main loop acquired by a sensor module in real time so as to control the pile entering flow and pile entering water pressure of cooling liquid in a pile temperature control loop, ensure the pressure balance in the pile temperature control loop and avoid the problems of overhigh local pressure and uncontrollable pile entering pressure.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive labor.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is another schematic diagram of a fuel cell thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an electric four-way valve according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 10. a temperature control main loop; 11. a battery stack; 12. a particulate filter; 13. an ion exchanger; 14. a water air intercooler; 15. an electric two-way valve; 16. an anode heat exchanger; 20. an expansion tank; 30. a first water pump; 40. a low temperature heat dissipation loop; 41. a battery heat sink; 42. a phase change energy storage device; 43. a heat exchange exchanger; 44. an electric heater; 45. a warm air radiator; 46. a warm air kettle; 47. a warm air water pump; 50. a second water pump; 60. an electric four-way valve; 61. a first loop interface; 62. a second loop interface; 63. a third loop interface; 64. a fourth loop interface; 71. a first temperature and pressure sensor; 72. and a second temperature and pressure sensor.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "radial", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 and 2 show a fuel cell thermal management system in an embodiment of the invention. The fuel cell thermal management system comprises a galvanic pile temperature control loop, a sensor module arranged on the galvanic pile temperature control loop, a controller connected with the sensor module and the galvanic pile temperature control loop, the galvanic pile temperature control loop comprises a temperature control main loop 10 connected with a fuel cell, an expansion water tank 20 and a first water pump 30 connected with the temperature control main loop 10, a low-temperature heat dissipation loop 40 connected with the first water pump 30, a second water pump 50 connected with the low-temperature heat dissipation loop 40 and the temperature control main loop 10, the expansion water tank 20 is connected with the first water pump 30, the sensor module is arranged on the temperature control main loop 10, and the first water pump 30 and the second water pump 50 are connected with the controller.
The stack temperature control loop is a loop which is connected with the fuel cell and is used for controlling the temperature of the fuel cell so as to prevent the fuel cell from generating a large amount of heat to damage the fuel cell in the electrochemical reaction process. In this example, the temperature control circuit of the stack is a circuit for controlling the temperature by transferring the cooling liquid through the cooling liquid pipeline in a heat conduction manner. The cooling liquid pipeline is a pipeline for conveying cooling liquid, and understandably, heat conduction is carried out in the temperature control loop of the electric pile through the cooling liquid flowing in the cooling liquid pipeline, so that temperature control is realized.
The sensor module is a functional module which is arranged on the temperature control loop of the galvanic pile and is used for collecting the measurement data of the sensors such as temperature, pressure and the like. The controller is a device in a fuel cell thermal management system for implementing temperature control.
As an example, the sensor module collects sensor measurement data such as water temperature and water pressure values on the temperature control loop of the electric pile in real time and sends the sensor measurement data to the controller; the controller inquires N preset control logics according to the received sensor measurement data, determines the preset control logics matched with the sensor measurement data as target control logics, and controls electric devices in the pile temperature control loop to work according to the target control logics so as to realize temperature control on the fuel cell, avoid overhigh temperature of the fuel cell, influence on normal use of the fuel cell and reduce the service life of the fuel cell.
The temperature control main loop 10 is a part of the temperature control loop of the stack connected with the fuel cell, namely, the temperature control main loop 10 is in contact with the fuel cell so as to transfer heat through the temperature control main loop 10. Because the temperature control main loop 10 is connected with the fuel cell, when the temperature is regulated and controlled each time, the cooling liquid flowing through the temperature control main loop 10 can take away the heat generated in the working process of the fuel cell, so as to realize the purpose of temperature regulation and control.
The expansion tank 20 is a component of the fuel cell thermal management system for storing and supplying coolant, which is here dedicated to the fuel cell. The expansion water tank 20 can contain water expansion amount, so that water pressure fluctuation of the fuel cell thermal management system caused by water expansion is reduced, and the safety and reliability of system operation are improved; when the water level of the expansion water tank 20 is lowered due to water leakage or temperature reduction of the fuel cell thermal management system, water is supplemented to the fuel cell thermal management system, and the purposes of stabilizing the system pressure of the fuel cell thermal management system and removing air released by water in the heating process can be achieved.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the first water pump 30 and the expansion tank 20 are disposed at a water outlet of the temperature-controlled main circuit 10, specifically, the temperature-controlled main circuit 10 is connected to the first water pump 30 through a liquid delivery pipe, the temperature-controlled main circuit 10 is connected to the expansion tank 20 through an air overflow pipe, and the expansion tank 20 is connected to the first water pump 30 through a water supply pipe. In the process of temperature regulation and control, high-temperature cooling liquid output from a water outlet of the temperature control main loop 10 can be conveyed to the first water pump 30 through a liquid conveying pipeline and then input to the low-temperature heat dissipation loop 40 for heat dissipation and temperature reduction treatment; moreover, the gaseous cooling liquid overflowing from the water outlet of the temperature control main loop 10 can be input into the expansion water tank 20 through an overflow pipeline, so that the expansion water tank 20 can be used for recycling the cooling liquid, and the safety and reliability of the system work can be guaranteed.
The low-temperature heat dissipation loop 40 is a loop in the temperature control loop of the stack for realizing the functions of temperature reduction and heat dissipation. In this example, the temperature control main circuit 10 and the low temperature heat dissipation circuit 40 are connected by a coolant pipeline, so that the coolant in the coolant pipeline flows between the temperature control main circuit 10 and the low temperature heat dissipation circuit 40, so as to input the high temperature coolant output by the temperature control main circuit 10 connected with the fuel cell into the low temperature heat dissipation circuit 40, perform cooling processing by the low temperature heat dissipation circuit 40, so as to output low temperature coolant, and then input the low temperature coolant into the temperature control main circuit 10, so as to reduce the temperature of the fuel cell.
The first water pump 30 and the second water pump 50 are electronic water pumps for controlling the flow rate of the cooling liquid in the temperature control loop of the stack to realize temperature control of the fuel cell. As an example, the first water pump 30 is disposed between the water outlet of the temperature control main circuit 10 and the low-temperature heat dissipation circuit 40, the second water pump 50 is disposed between the low-temperature heat dissipation circuit 40 and the water inlet of the temperature control main circuit 10, the controller is connected to the first water pump 30 and the second water pump 50, and the controller can respectively control the rotation speeds of the first water pump 30 and the second water pump 50 according to a target control logic determined by sensor measurement data on the stack temperature control circuit, which is acquired by the sensor module in real time, so as to control the stack entering flow rate and the stack entering water pressure of the cooling liquid in the stack temperature control circuit, ensure pressure balance in the stack temperature control circuit, and avoid the problems of excessive local pressure and uncontrollable stack entering pressure. It is understood that the rotational speeds of the first and second water pumps 30 and 50 may be the same or different.
In the fuel cell thermal management system provided by this embodiment, temperature control main loop 10, first water pump 30, low temperature heat dissipation loop 40 and second water pump 50 are connected in series and set up, make first water pump 30 set up between temperature control main loop 10 and low temperature heat dissipation loop 40, second water pump 50 sets up between low temperature heat dissipation loop 40 and temperature control main loop 10, can be according to the sensor measurement data of temperature control main loop 10 that the sensor module gathered in real time, adjust the rotational speed of first water pump 30 and second water pump 50 respectively, with the income pile flow and the income pile water pressure of control coolant liquid in the control loop of control of temperature of electric pile, guarantee that pressure is balanced in the control loop of temperature of electric pile, avoid the too high and uncontrollable problem of income pile pressure of local pressure.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the temperature-controlled main circuit 10 includes a first temperature-controlled branch and a second temperature-controlled branch arranged in parallel; the first temperature control branch comprises a battery cell stack 11, a water inlet of the battery cell stack 11 is connected with a second water pump 50, and a water outlet of the battery cell stack 11 is connected with an expansion water tank 20 and a first water pump 30; the second temperature control branch comprises an ion exchanger 13 and a water air cooler 14 which are arranged in series, one end of the ion exchanger 13 is connected with a second water pump 50, and one end of the water air cooler 14 is connected with an expansion water tank 20 and a first water pump 30.
Wherein the first temperature control branch is a branch for transmitting cooling liquid connected with the fuel cell. Specifically, the first temperature control branch includes a cell stack 11, specifically, a branch for connecting the cell stack 11 of the fuel cell to perform temperature control. When the fuel cell thermal management system works, low-temperature cooling liquid in the cooling liquid pipeline flows in from a water inlet of the cell stack 11, and is in heat conduction with the cell stack 11 when flowing through the cell stack 11, so that the temperature of the cooling liquid is increased, the temperature of the cell stack 11 is reduced, and high-temperature cooling liquid flows out from a water outlet of the cell stack 11, and the purpose of adjusting the temperature of the cell stack 11 is achieved.
Wherein the second temperature control branch is a branch connected with the fuel cell and used for transmitting cooling liquid. Specifically, the second temperature control branch comprises an ion exchanger 13 and an air water cooler 14 which are arranged in series, wherein one end of the ion exchanger 13 is connected with the second water pump 50, and the other end is connected with the air water cooler 14; one end of the water air cooler 14 is connected to the ion exchanger 13, and the other end is connected to the expansion tank 20 and the first water pump 30. When the fuel cell thermal management system works, low-temperature cooling liquid in a cooling liquid pipeline flows in from a water inlet of the ion exchanger 13, then flows into the water-air intercooler 14 from the ion exchanger 13, the ion exchanger 13 is adopted to reduce the conductivity of the cooling liquid, and the water-air intercooler 14 is used to reduce the air inlet temperature of the cell stack 11, so that the temperature of a second temperature control branch where the ion exchanger 13 and the water-air intercooler 14 are located is regulated and controlled by the cooling liquid.
The ion exchanger 13 may be a resin tank filled with ion exchange resin particles, a filter screen may be disposed inside the resin tank, and an exchanger inlet and an exchanger outlet are disposed on two sides of the resin tank, respectively. It is understood that the ion exchange resin particles provided inside the ion exchanger 13 are ion exchangers, and the ion exchanger 13 can recover the ion exchange capacity by regeneration after the ion exchanger is failed. The water-air intercooler 14 uses water as a cooling medium for cooling the pressurized air at the outlet of the air compressor, so that the temperature of the air entering the cell stack 11 meets the working requirement of the cell stack 11.
In the fuel cell thermal management system provided by this embodiment, the cell stack 11 is a place where electrochemical reaction occurs in the fuel cell, so that a large amount of heat can be generated in the working process of the fuel cell, a first temperature control branch is formed based on the cell stack 11, and the first temperature control branch is not connected in series with other devices which can generate energy in the working process, thereby being beneficial to ensuring the efficiency and effect of temperature regulation and control on the cell stack 11. In the process of regulating and controlling the temperature of the ion exchanger 13 and the water air cooler 14, the flow demand of the ion exchanger 13 is close to that of the water air cooler 14, and the ion exchanger 13 and the water air cooler 14 are connected in series, so that the flow loss of the cooling liquid can be effectively reduced; moreover, the second temperature control branch formed by connecting the ion exchanger 13 and the water air intercooler 14 in series is connected in parallel with the first temperature control branch, so that the interference of the first temperature control branch on the temperature regulation process of the second temperature control branch can be avoided, and the efficiency and the effect of temperature regulation and control on the second temperature control branch can be guaranteed. For example, if the ion exchanger 13 or the water-air cooler 14 is connected in series with the cell stack 11, so that the low-temperature coolant input at the water inlet of the cell stack 11 is the high-temperature coolant output at the water outlets of the ion exchanger 13 and the water-air cooler 14, and the temperature of the low-temperature coolant input at the water inlet of the cell stack 11 is higher than that of the low-temperature coolant input at the water outlet of the cell stack 11 by the second water pump 50, so that more coolant flow needs to be consumed and the efficiency is lower in the process of cooling the cell stack 11.
Further, the ion exchanger 13 and the water air cooler 14 are connected in series in the second temperature control branch, so that the problems that the flow demand of the system is increased and the flow resistance loss is large due to the flow demand generated by the fact that the ion exchanger 13 and the water air cooler 14 only occupy one working branch can be avoided. For example, if the inlet of the primary temperature control loop 10 receives a total coolant flow demand of S, the coolant flow demand on the first temperature control branch is I1The flow demand of the cooling liquid on the second temperature control branch is I2At this time, the flow rate through the ion exchanger 13 and the water air cooler 14 are both I2If the system flow demand required by the first temperature control branch and the second temperature control branch is S ═ I1+I2. Correspondingly, if the ion exchanger 13 and the air water cooler 14 are connected in parallel with the cell stack 11 respectively to form three temperature control branches, at this time, if the total flow rate of the cooling liquid received by the water inlet of the temperature control main circuit 10 is S, the flow rate demand of the cooling liquid on the first temperature control branch is I1The flow requirements of the cooling liquid flowing through the ion exchanger 13 and the water air cooler 14 are I21And I22If the system flow requirement is S ═ I1+I21+I22If the flow demand of the ion exchanger 13 is close to that of the water air cooler 14 in the temperature regulation process of the ion exchanger 13 and the water air cooler 14, I21≈I22≈I2Therefore, it is considered that connecting the ion exchanger 13 and the water air cooler 14 in parallel with the cell stack 11 respectively leads to an increase in the flow demand of the system, i.e., the ion exchanger 13 and the water air cooler 14 occupy only one working branch, which results in a large waste.
In an embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the temperature-controlled main circuit 10 further includes a third temperature-controlled branch connected in parallel with the first temperature-controlled branch and the second temperature-controlled branch; the third temperature control branch comprises an electric two-way valve 15 and an anode heat exchanger 16 which are arranged in series; the electric two-way valve 15 is connected with the controller, and one end of the electric two-way valve 15 is connected with the second water pump 50; one end of the anode heat exchanger 16 is connected to the expansion tank 20 and the first water pump 30.
The third temperature control branch is connected with the fuel cell and used for transmitting cooling liquid, and is connected with the first temperature control branch and the second temperature control branch in parallel, so that mutual interference in the temperature control regulation process is avoided, and the efficiency and the effect of temperature regulation and control of each temperature control branch are guaranteed. The third temperature control branch comprises an electric two-way valve 15 and an anode heat exchanger 16 which are arranged in series, wherein one end of the electric two-way valve 15 is connected with the second water pump 50, and the other end of the electric two-way valve is connected with the anode heat exchanger 16; the anode heat exchanger 16 is connected at one end to the electric two-way valve 15 and at the other end to the expansion tank 20 and the first water pump 30.
In this example, the electric two-way valve 15 is a two-way valve for controlling the opening degree of the valve body, and the electric two-way valve 15 is connected to the controller, and is used for controlling the electric two-way valve 15 to open or close according to the sensor measurement data collected by the sensor module, so as to determine whether to connect the anode heat exchanger 16 in parallel with the first temperature control branch and the second temperature control branch for temperature regulation. The anode heat exchanger 16 is an exchanger for exchanging heat between the coolant and the anode hydrogen gas, and the anode heat exchanger 16 may be a plate heat exchanger.
In this embodiment, the electric two-way valve 15 and the anode heat exchanger 16 are connected in series to form a third temperature control branch, which is used to control the electric two-way valve 15 to be turned on or turned off according to the sensor measurement data acquired by the sensor module in real time, so that the temperature in the anode heating process can be kept low, and the anode heating process can be better adapted to the working environment. For example, when the temperature of the working environment of the fuel cell is low, the anode heat exchanger 16 needs to work, and at this time, the opening of the electric two-way valve 15 can be controlled, the flow rate of the coolant flowing through the anode heat exchanger 16 is controlled, so that the temperature of the reactor hydrogen is close to the temperature of the coolant, and condensed water generated in the mixing process of low-temperature gas and high-temperature gas is avoided, thereby ensuring the reliability of the anode working process; when the temperature of the working environment of the fuel cell is higher, the working temperature of hydrogen entering the stack is also higher, the anode heat exchanger 16 does not need to work, and the electric two-way valve 15 can be controlled to be closed, so that the cooling liquid does not pass through the anode heat exchanger 16, and unnecessary flow loss is reduced.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the first temperature control branch further includes a particulate filter 12 connected in series with the cell stack 11, and the particulate filter 12 is disposed at the water inlet of the cell stack 11. The particulate filter 12 is a device for realizing a filtering function. In this example, the particle filter 12 and the cell stack 11 are connected in series to form a first temperature control branch, specifically, the particle filter 12 is disposed at a water inlet of the cell stack 11, so that the cooling fluid input by the cooling fluid pipeline needs to flow through the particle filter 12 and then flow into the cell stack 11, so as to filter the fixed impurity particles in the cooling fluid. It will be appreciated that integrating the particulate filter 12 in the first temperature-controlled branch in which the cell stack 11 is located, instead of the second water pump 50, between the inputs to the temperature-controlled main circuit 10 avoids the large losses of flow resistance that result during the installation in the temperature-controlled main circuit 10. In addition, the particle filter 12 is integrated in the first temperature control branch where the cell stack 11 is located, which contributes to saving the arrangement space and facilitating replacement. In this example, the particulate filter 12 is specifically a Y-type particulate filter 12, and can be connected to the stack manifold of the cell stack 11, so that the filter cartridge can be replaced without discharging the coolant, and the filter cartridge replacement process is simple and convenient.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the sensor module includes a first temperature and pressure sensor 71 disposed at the water inlet of the cell stack 11 and a second temperature and pressure sensor 72 disposed at the water outlet of the cell stack 11.
The first temperature and pressure sensor 71 and the second temperature and pressure sensor 72 are temperature and pressure integrated sensors capable of collecting temperature and pressure. Because the heat that produces among the fuel cell in the working process of cell stack 11 is the biggest, the influence that carries out the temperature regulation and control to fuel cell is bigger, consequently, set up first warm-pressing sensor 71 at the water inlet of cell stack 11, set up second warm-pressing sensor 72 at the delivery port of cell stack 11, make first warm-pressing sensor 71 and second warm-pressing sensor 72 can gather sensor measured data such as the temperature at cell stack 11 both ends and pressure in real time, so that carry out the temperature regulation and control in-process based on sensor measured data, it is more accurate to the temperature regulation and control process of cell stack 11, the heat that more effectively avoids cell stack 11 to produce causes the damage to fuel cell.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the low temperature heat dissipation circuit 40 includes a heat dissipation branch, an energy storage branch and a heat exchange branch arranged in parallel; the heat radiation branch, the energy storage branch and the heat exchange branch are connected with a second water pump 50 through an electric four-way valve 60; the first water pump 30 is connected to the heat dissipation branch, the energy storage branch and the heat exchange branch, or the first water pump 30 is disposed on the heat dissipation branch.
As shown in fig. 1, the first water pump 30 is connected to the heat dissipation branch, the energy storage branch and the heat exchange branch, and the heat dissipation branch, the energy storage branch and the heat exchange branch are connected to the second water pump 50 through the electric four-way valve 60, so that the high-temperature coolant flowing out of the first water pump 30 flows through the heat dissipation branch, the energy storage branch and the heat exchange branch respectively; the low-temperature coolant after being processed by the heat dissipation branch, the energy storage branch and the heat exchange branch flows into the second water pump 50, so that the purpose of temperature regulation and control can be realized based on the heat conduction of the coolant. Understandably, first water pump 30 and second water pump 50 all with the branch road that dispels the heat, energy storage branch road and the parallelly connected setting of heat exchange branch road, the accessible is adjusted first water pump 30 and the rotational speed of second water pump 50, the pressure of the coolant liquid of the branch road that dispels the heat, energy storage branch road and heat exchange branch road of effective control flowing through, avoids local pressure too high and leads to the branch road that dispels the heat, energy storage branch road and heat exchange branch road to damage.
As shown in fig. 2, the first water pump 30 is disposed on the heat dissipation branch; the heat dissipation branch, the energy storage branch and the heat exchange branch are connected with the second water pump 50 through the electric four-way valve 60, so that the cooling liquid output by the expansion water tank 20 flows through the heat dissipation branch through the first water pump 30 and directly flows into the energy storage branch and the heat exchange branch; the coolant after being processed by the heat dissipation branch, the energy storage branch and the heat exchange branch flows into the second water pump 50, so that the purpose of temperature regulation and control can be realized based on the heat conduction of the coolant. Because a large amount of heat generated in the working process of the fuel cell can damage the fuel cell, the heat dissipation of the fuel cell is the primary purpose of the thermal management system of the fuel cell, is the most important branch in the low-temperature heat dissipation loop 40, so that the use frequency of the branch is higher than that of other branches, and the second water pump 50 is arranged on the heat dissipation branch, so that the damage of the heat dissipation branch caused by overhigh local pressure can be effectively avoided; moreover, when the energy storage branch and the heat exchange branch need to be controlled to work, only the second water pump 50 needs to be controlled to work, the first water pump 30 does not need to be controlled to work, the control difficulty of the water pumps is reduced, the performance of the water pumps can be matched, and the two water pumps can work at the optimal efficiency point as much as possible.
The heat dissipation branch is a branch in the low-temperature heat dissipation loop 40 for implementing a heat dissipation function. As an example, the heat dissipation branch includes a battery radiator 41, and an output end of the battery radiator 41 is connected to the expansion tank 20. The battery radiator 41 is a device for dissipating heat generated during the operation of the fuel cell, and the battery radiator 41 may be an automobile radiator. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, an input end of the battery radiator 41 is connected to the first water pump 30, an output end of the battery radiator 41 is connected to the second water pump 50, and an output end of the battery radiator 41 is connected to the expansion tank 20 through an air overflow pipe, so as to input air overflowing during the operation of the battery radiator 41 into the expansion tank 20, so that the expansion tank 20 performs subsequent water replenishment according to the water expansion amount.
In this example, the temperature control main circuit 10, the expansion tank 20, the first water pump 30, the heat dissipation branch, the second water pump 50, and the temperature control main circuit 10 form a closed circuit through a cooling liquid pipeline, that is, a first working cycle is formed, and the heat dissipation branch is used to cool and dissipate the cooling liquid flowing in the first working cycle to take away the heat generated in the working process of the fuel cell, so as to achieve the purpose of cooling and dissipating the heat generated in the working process of the fuel cell by using the cooling liquid in the first working cycle. Understandably, the controller can ensure pressure balance in the working process of the first working cycle by controlling the rotating speeds of the first water pump 30 and the second water pump 50, and avoid the influence on the service life of parts due to the fact that the local parts bear larger pressure due to overhigh local pressure.
The energy storage branch is a branch of the low-temperature heat dissipation loop 40 for absorbing and storing heat generated during the operation of the fuel cell. As an example, the energy storage branch includes a phase change energy storage device 42, wherein the phase change energy storage device 42 is a device that absorbs and stores energy by using a phase change material to change phase at a phase change temperature. In this example, when the second working cycle of the energy storage branch works, the high-temperature coolant output from the temperature control main loop 10 is input into the phase change energy storage device 42, so that the phase change material in the phase change energy storage device 42 absorbs heat in the high-temperature coolant to perform phase change, and the heat dissipation capability of the fuel cell thermal management system can be effectively increased.
As shown in fig. 1, the temperature-controlled main circuit 10, the expansion tank 20, the first water pump 30, the energy storage branch, the second water pump 50 and the temperature-controlled main circuit 10 form a closed circuit through the cooling liquid pipeline, that is, a second working cycle is formed; alternatively, as shown in fig. 2, the temperature-controlled main circuit 10, the expansion tank 20, the energy storage branch, the second water pump 50 and the temperature-controlled main circuit 10 form a closed circuit through the cooling liquid pipeline, that is, a second working cycle is formed. The heat that the coolant liquid that utilizes the energy storage branch road to flow in the second working cycle brought absorbs and stores to the heat that the coolant liquid in the realization utilizes the second working cycle formed in to the fuel cell working process cools down, improves the radiating effect.
Wherein, the heat exchange branch road is the branch road that is used for realizing utilizing the heat that produces in the fuel cell working process to carry out heat exchange with other parts among the low temperature heat dissipation return circuit 40, can understand ground, through the setting of heat exchange branch road, can make full use of the heat that forms in the fuel cell working process carry out the heat exchange, realizes the make full use of to the heat, avoids extravagant.
As an example, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the heat exchange branch includes a heat exchange exchanger 43 and a heat exchange control circuit connected to the heat exchange exchanger 43. The heat exchanger 43 is a device for transferring heat from a hot fluid to a cold fluid to meet the specified process requirement, and in this example, the heat exchanger 43 is specifically a liquid-liquid heat exchanger to exchange heat between the cooling liquid and the cooling liquid. The heat exchange control loop is a preset control loop capable of exchanging heat with heat generated in the working process of the fuel cell, and can be particularly understood as a control loop needing to utilize the heat. Generally speaking, because the fuel cell can generate heat in the working process, in order to realize the purpose of heat exchange, the heat exchanger 43 can be adopted to transfer the heat generated in the working process of the fuel cell to other heat exchange control loops which need heat, so as to realize the full utilization of the heat in the working process of the fuel cell and avoid heat loss.
As shown in fig. 1, the temperature-controlled main circuit 10, the expansion tank 20, the first water pump 30, the heat exchange branch, the second water pump 50 and the temperature-controlled main circuit 10 form a closed circuit through the cooling liquid pipeline, that is, a third working cycle is formed; alternatively, as shown in fig. 2, the temperature controlled main circuit 10, the expansion tank 20, the heat exchange branch, the second water pump 50 and the temperature controlled main circuit 10 form a closed circuit through the cooling liquid pipeline, that is, a third operation cycle is formed. The heat exchange branch is used for exchanging heat brought by the coolant flowing in the third working cycle, so that the waste heat heating function is realized, and the heat formed in the working process of the fuel cell is cooled by the coolant in the third working cycle. Specifically, when the third working cycle in which the heat exchange branch is located works, the high-temperature coolant output from the temperature control main loop 10 flows through the heat exchange exchanger 43, and exchanges heat with the heat exchange control loop through the heat exchange exchanger 43 to transfer heat to the heat exchange control loop, so that waste heat utilization of heat generated in the working process of the fuel cell is realized, the purpose of heat dissipation in the working process of the fuel cell is realized, the waste heat utilization is realized, and energy waste is avoided.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the heat exchange control loop is a warm air control loop that includes an electric heater 44, a warm air radiator 45, a warm air water tank 46, and a warm air water pump 47 in series with the heat exchange exchanger 43.
In this example, the heat exchange control circuit connected to the heat exchange exchanger 43 includes, but is not limited to, a warm air control circuit, which is a control circuit for implementing air-conditioning heating in a fuel cell vehicle and is a control circuit for receiving energy to perform heating. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the warm air control circuit includes an electric heater 44, a warm air radiator 45, a warm air water tank 46, and a warm air water pump 47 connected in series to the heat exchanger 43. The electric heater 44 is a PTC heater that can rapidly heat the fluid after being energized. The warm air radiator 45 is a radiator provided in the warm air control circuit. The warm air kettle 46 is a kettle provided in the warm air control circuit. The warm air water pump 47 is a water pump which is arranged in the warm air control loop and is used for controlling the flow of cooling liquid, and the warm air water pump 47 is connected with the controller and is used for adjusting the rotating speed of the warm air water pump 47 according to the control of the controller. In this embodiment, the electric heater 44, the warm air radiator 45, the warm air kettle 46, and the warm air water pump 47 are connected in series to form a fourth operation cycle.
The electric four-way valve 60 is a four-way valve for controlling the opening degree of the valve body, the electric four-way valve 60 is connected with the heat dissipation branch, the energy storage branch, the heat exchange branch and the second water pump 50, at least one of the three branches of the heat dissipation branch, the energy storage branch and the heat exchange branch is used for being switched and controlled to be connected with the second water pump 50, so that the temperature control loop of the electric pile works in a first working cycle, a second working cycle or a third working cycle, and corresponding functions are realized by the heat dissipation branch, the energy storage branch and the heat exchange branch.
As shown in fig. 3, the electric four-way valve 60 includes a first circulation interface 61, a second circulation interface 62, a third circulation interface 63 and a fourth circulation interface 64, the first circulation interface 61 is connected to the heat dissipation branch, the second circulation interface 62 is connected to the energy storage branch, the third circulation interface 63 is connected to the heat exchange branch, the fourth circulation branch is connected to the second water pump 50, and the controller is connected to the electric four-way valve 60 for switching and controlling at least one of the first circulation interface 61, the second circulation interface 62 and the third circulation interface 63 to be connected to the fourth circulation interface 64 according to the sensor measurement data collected by the sensor module, so as to switch and control at least one of the heat dissipation branch, the energy storage branch and the heat exchange branch to be connected to the second water pump 50.
In the fuel cell thermal management system provided by the above embodiment, the water outlet of the temperature control main circuit 10 is connected to the input end of the low temperature heat dissipation circuit 40 through the first water pump 30, the output end of the low temperature heat dissipation circuit 40 is connected to the water inlet of the temperature control main circuit 10 through the second water pump 50, and double water pump setting is adopted, so that the rotating speeds of the first water pump 30 and the second water pump 50 can be adjusted according to sensor measurement data acquired by a sensor module arranged on the temperature control main circuit 10, thereby ensuring pressure balance in the stack temperature control circuit, and avoiding damage to components due to overhigh local pressure. The low-temperature heat dissipation loop 40 includes a heat dissipation branch, an energy storage branch and a heat exchange branch which are arranged in parallel, when the low-temperature heat dissipation loop is connected with the second water pump 50, the temperature control main loop 10 and the first water pump 30, a first working cycle, a second working cycle and a third working cycle are respectively formed, moreover, the heat exchange branch includes a warm air control loop connected with the heat exchange exchanger 43, and an electric heater 44, a warm air radiator 45, a warm air kettle 46 and a warm air water pump 47 in the warm air control loop are connected in series to form a fourth working cycle. The following describes the operation of the fuel cell thermal management system with reference to specific application scenarios:
(1) when the fuel cell is in cold start, that is, when the fuel cell is powered on and started, because the fuel cell does not perform an electrochemical reaction, the temperature is low, at this time, the controller may control the conduction of the third circulation interface 63 and the fourth circulation interface 64 in the electric four-way valve 60, so as to enable the third working cycle where the heat exchange branch is located to work, and control the fourth working cycle where the warm air control loop is located to work, at this time, the first working cycle and the second working cycle do not work, the heating function is turned on by controlling the electric heater 44 in the warm air control loop, heat generated in the heating process of the electric heater 44 is transferred to the third working cycle through the heat exchange exchanger 43, and heat is transferred to the fuel cell through the cooling liquid in the third working cycle, so as to shorten the cold start time of the fuel cell, and achieve the cold start auxiliary heating function.
(2) After the cold start of the fuel cell is completed and operated, when the output power of the cell stack 11 is high, the temperature of the cooling liquid is high, but the temperature of the cooling liquid is not close to the upper limit of the allowable operation temperature, the controller may control the first circulation interface 61 and the fourth circulation interface 64 in the electric four-way valve 60 to be connected, at this time, the first circulation operation, the second circulation operation, the third circulation operation and the fourth circulation operation do not work, and the battery radiator 41 in the first circulation operation is used for heat dissipation, so as to dissipate the excess heat generated during the operation of the fuel cell.
(3) When the output power of the battery cell stack 11 is high and the temperature of the cooling liquid is high and approaches the upper limit of the allowable operating temperature, the controller controls the conduction of the second circulation interface 62 and the fourth circulation interface 64 in the electric four-way valve 60 while keeping the conduction of the first circulation interface 61 and the fourth circulation interface 64 in the electric four-way valve 60, so that the first working cycle and the second working cycle operate simultaneously, and the third working cycle and the fourth working cycle do not operate. At this time, during the first operation cycle, the heat is dissipated by using the cell radiator 41 in the first operation cycle to dissipate the excess heat generated during the operation of the fuel cell; in the second working cycle, the phase-change material in the phase-change energy storage device 42 absorbs the heat in the high-temperature coolant to change the phase, so that the heat dissipation capability of the fuel cell thermal management system can be effectively increased, and the sustainable time of the peak power output of the cell stack 11 can be prolonged, thereby realizing the phase-change energy storage function.
(4) When the temperature of the cooling liquid output by the cell stack 11 is high and the air conditioning system needs heating, the controller can control the conduction of the third circulation interface 63 and the fourth circulation interface 64 in the electric four-way valve 60 while keeping the conduction of the first circulation interface 61 and the fourth circulation interface 64 in the electric four-way valve 60, so that the first working cycle and the third working cycle work simultaneously, and control the fourth working cycle to work, and the heat can be dissipated at the cell radiator 41 of the first working cycle, so that the redundant heat formed in the working process of the fuel cell is dissipated, and the redundant heat formed by the fuel cell is transferred to the warm air control loop through the heat exchange exchanger 43, so as to reduce the power of the electric heater 44, so as to realize waste heat utilization, and achieve the purpose of energy conservation.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not substantially depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present invention, and are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a fuel cell thermal management system, includes pile temperature control circuit, sets up sensor module on the pile temperature control circuit, with the sensor module with the controller that the pile temperature control circuit links to each other, its characterized in that, pile temperature control circuit include the control by temperature change major loop that links to each other with fuel cell, with expansion tank and the first water pump that the control by temperature change major loop links to each other, with the low temperature heat dissipation circuit that the first water pump links to each other, with low temperature heat dissipation circuit with the second water pump that the control by temperature change major loop links to each other, expansion tank with first water pump links to each other, the sensor module sets up on the control by temperature change major loop, first water pump with the second water pump with the controller links to each other.
2. The fuel cell thermal management system of claim 1, wherein the temperature controlled primary loop comprises a first temperature controlled branch and a second temperature controlled branch arranged in parallel; the first temperature control branch comprises a battery stack, a water inlet of the battery stack is connected with the second water pump, and a water outlet of the battery stack is connected with the expansion water tank and the first water pump; the second temperature control branch comprises an ion exchanger and a water air cooler which are arranged in series, one end of the ion exchanger is connected with the second water pump, and one end of the water air cooler is connected with the expansion water tank and the first water pump.
3. The fuel cell thermal management system of claim 2, wherein the temperature controlled primary loop further comprises a third temperature controlled branch in parallel with the first temperature controlled branch and the second temperature controlled branch; the third temperature control branch comprises an electric two-way valve and an anode heat exchanger which are arranged in series; the electric two-way valve is connected with the controller, and one end of the electric two-way valve is connected with the second water pump; and one end of the anode heat exchanger is connected with the expansion water tank and the first water pump.
4. The fuel cell thermal management system of claim 2, wherein the first temperature-controlled branch further comprises a particulate filter in series with the cell stack, the particulate filter being disposed at a water inlet of the cell stack.
5. The fuel cell thermal management system of claim 2, wherein the sensor module comprises a first temperature and pressure sensor disposed at a water inlet of the cell stack and a second temperature and pressure sensor disposed at a water outlet of the cell stack.
6. The fuel cell thermal management system of claim 1, wherein the low temperature heat rejection circuit comprises a heat rejection branch, an energy storage branch, and a heat exchange branch arranged in parallel; the heat dissipation branch, the energy storage branch and the heat exchange branch are connected with the second water pump through an electric four-way valve; the first water pump is connected with the heat dissipation branch, the energy storage branch and the heat exchange branch, or the first water pump is arranged on the heat dissipation branch.
7. The fuel cell thermal management system of claim 6, wherein the heat rejection bypass comprises a battery radiator, an output of the battery radiator being connected to the expansion tank.
8. The fuel cell thermal management system of claim 6, wherein the energy storage branch comprises a phase change energy storage device.
9. The fuel cell thermal management system of claim 6, wherein the heat exchange branch comprises a heat exchange exchanger and a heat exchange control loop coupled to the heat exchange exchanger.
10. The fuel cell thermal management system of claim 9, wherein the heat exchange control loop is a warm air control loop comprising an electric heater, a warm air radiator, a warm air kettle, and a warm air pump in series with the heat exchange exchanger.
CN202010089140.6A 2020-02-12 2020-02-12 Fuel cell thermal management system Pending CN113258096A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113645811A (en) * 2021-08-18 2021-11-12 潍柴动力股份有限公司 Controller assembly, vehicle and controller cooling method
CN114188564A (en) * 2021-12-09 2022-03-15 中国人民解放军32181部队 Heat extraction system of fuel cell

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113645811A (en) * 2021-08-18 2021-11-12 潍柴动力股份有限公司 Controller assembly, vehicle and controller cooling method
CN113645811B (en) * 2021-08-18 2023-08-18 潍柴动力股份有限公司 Controller cooling method
CN114188564A (en) * 2021-12-09 2022-03-15 中国人民解放军32181部队 Heat extraction system of fuel cell

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