CN108084621A - 吸音材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

吸音材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108084621A
CN108084621A CN201810006520.1A CN201810006520A CN108084621A CN 108084621 A CN108084621 A CN 108084621A CN 201810006520 A CN201810006520 A CN 201810006520A CN 108084621 A CN108084621 A CN 108084621A
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张发腾
康宁
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AAC Technologies Pte Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提出一种吸音材料及其制备方法，该吸音颗粒包括多孔粉末内核和包裹所述多孔粉末内核的胶黏剂；通过使用具有内圈和外圈的喷头对多孔粉末分散溶液和胶黏剂分散溶液同时进行喷雾造粒成型，从而制备具有多孔粉末内核和包括该多孔粉末内核的胶黏剂结构的多孔颗粒；利用本发明所制备的多孔颗粒作为发声器件吸音材料，其具有强度高、不易破碎的特点，提高了发声器件的性能，并且所使用的总胶黏剂的量相比传统方法少，有效节约了成本。

Description

吸音材料及其制备方法
【技术领域】
本发明涉及吸音材料及其制备方法，特别是一种胶黏剂分布不均匀的吸音颗粒及其制备方法。
【背景技术】
在移动电话等便携式电子产品快速发展的过程中，用户对产品的功能性要求越来越强，由于腔体为封闭结构且腔体体积比较小，所以发声器件的谐振频率较高，导致发声器件的低频性能差，难以产生出浑厚的低音效果。目前业内普遍采用多孔粉料制成多孔颗粒，并将这些颗粒置于音腔中，达到降低发声器的f0，改善低音效果。
但是扬声器使用多孔材料时，存在多孔颗粒在腔体中碰撞破碎情况，破碎的部分多孔颗粒进入到扬声器中，产生杂音的问题。为解决此问题，最直接的方法是增加胶黏剂含量，但会产生多孔颗粒含量低，效果变差的问题。
基于这些问题，有必要提供一种新的吸音材料及其制备方法，有效避免因为多孔颗粒破裂失效、提高吸音效果。
【发明内容】
基于上述问题，经过反复实验，本发明提出一种胶黏剂分布于颗粒表面的吸音颗粒及其制备方法。
具体地，本发明提出的方案如下：
一种吸音材料，所述吸音材料包括多孔粉末内核和包裹所述多孔粉末内核的胶黏剂。
优选地，所述多孔粉末包括多孔硅胶、分子筛、多孔石墨、多孔炭黑中的至少一种。
优选地，所述胶黏剂包括聚苯乙烯乳液、聚苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯乳液、聚丙烯酸酯乳液、聚醋酸乙烯酯-丙烯酸酯乳液、聚丁二烯-苯乙烯乳液、聚乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯乳液、聚乙烯醇水溶液、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮水溶剂、聚丙烯酸水溶液、聚丙烯酰胺水溶液、蛋白质水溶液、改性纤维素水溶液、可溶性淀粉溶液中的至少一种。
一种吸音材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
配制多孔粉末分散水溶液；
配制胶黏剂分散水溶液；
将所述多孔粉末分散水溶液和所述胶黏剂分散水溶液按照比例喷雾造粒成型，其中，所述喷雾造粒成型采用具有双圈喷头结构的喷雾造粒喷头，内圈喷头用于所述多孔粉末分散水溶液的喷雾造粒成型，外圈喷头用于胶黏剂分散水溶液的喷雾造粒成型。
优选地，所述多孔粉末包括多孔硅胶、分子筛、多孔石墨、多孔炭黑中的至少一种。
优选地，所述胶黏剂包括聚苯乙烯乳液、聚苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯乳液、聚丙烯酸酯乳液、聚醋酸乙烯酯-丙烯酸酯乳液、聚丁二烯-苯乙烯乳液、聚乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯乳液、聚乙烯醇水溶液、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮水溶剂、聚丙烯酸水溶液、聚丙烯酰胺水溶液、蛋白质水溶液、改性纤维素水溶液、可溶性淀粉溶液中的至少一种。
优选地，所述多孔粉末分散水溶液中多孔粉末与水的比例为(0.8-1.2):1。
优选地，所述胶黏剂为50％固含量胶黏剂、所述胶黏剂分散水溶液中50％固含量胶黏剂与水的比例为1:(1.5-3)。
优选地，所述多孔粉末分散水溶液与胶黏剂分散水溶液的比例为(4-8):1。
优选地，所述喷雾造粒的喷雾压力为0.02-0.1MPa，所述喷雾造粒的干燥温度为50-150℃。
本发明的有益效果是：形成了胶黏剂包裹多孔粉末的吸声材料，该吸声材料具有良好的强度，能够避免吸声材料破碎对电声器件性能的影响。
【附图说明】
图1为本发明所使用的喷雾造粒喷头示意图。
图2为本发明所制备的吸音材料结构示意图。
图3为灌装本发明所制备的吸音材料的扬声器的阻抗曲线。
图4为灌装本发明所制备的吸音材料的扬声器的频率响应曲线。
【具体实施方式】
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合具体实施方式对本发明做详细说明，使本发明的上述及其它目的、特征和优势将更加清晰。
本发明提出一种多孔吸音颗粒的制备方法，使用喷雾干燥技术成型多孔颗粒。其中所使用的喷头具有如图1所示结构，包括外圈喷头1和内圈喷头2，内圈喷头2用于喷多孔粉末与分散剂、外圈喷头1用于喷胶黏剂与分散剂，由此能够制得具有胶黏剂包裹多孔粉末结构的多孔颗粒。利用本发明所提出的方法制得的多孔吸音颗粒具有如图2所示结构，其中中心部分为多孔粉末4、四周为包裹的胶黏剂3。本发明所制备的多孔颗粒作为扬声器吸音材料具有强度高、不易破碎的特点，并且所使用的总胶黏剂的量相比传统方法少，有效节约了成本。
适用于本发明的多孔粉末可以包括但不限于：多孔硅胶材料、分子筛材料、多孔石墨材料、多孔炭黑；特别优选地，选用分子筛材料。
适用于本发明的胶黏剂可以包括但不限于：聚苯乙烯乳液、聚苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯乳液、聚丙烯酸酯乳液、聚醋酸乙烯酯-丙烯酸酯乳液、聚丁二烯-苯乙烯乳液、聚乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯乳液、聚乙烯醇水溶液、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮水溶剂、聚丙烯酸水溶液、聚丙烯酰胺水溶液、蛋白质水溶液、改性纤维素水溶液、可溶性淀粉溶液；特别优选地：选用丙烯酸酯乳液、丁二烯-苯乙烯乳液。
在具体制备中，多孔粉料、胶黏剂(以干胶计)、水按照如下配比：100:(6-16):(200-1000)，优选地:100:(8-12):(300-500)。
喷雾压力：所用到的喷雾压力为:0.02-0.1MPa，优选地:0.08MPa。
干燥温度：所用到的干燥温度为:50-150℃，优选的:80-120℃。
实施例1
配制作为吸声原料的多孔粉末的分散溶液a，其中多孔粉末与水1：1形成分散溶液a；
配制胶黏剂的分散溶液b，其中采用包括50％固含量的胶黏剂、与水按照1：1.5的配比形成分散的溶液b；
溶液a与溶液b按照6：1的比例、即胶黏剂比例为5.88％，经具有外圈喷头1和内圈喷头2的喷枪进行喷雾造粒成型。其中，外圈喷头1喷溶液b，内圈喷头2喷溶液a。经成型后的吸声颗粒，通过筛分选取350μm-450μm颗粒，用于强度测试和灌入发声器件测试性能及模拟跌落看碎粉情况。
实施例2
配制作为吸声原料的多孔粉末的分散溶液a，其中多孔粉末与水1：0.8形成分散溶液a；
配制胶黏剂的分散溶液b，其中包括50％固含量的胶黏剂、与水按照1：2的配比形成分散的溶液b；
溶液a与溶液b按照7.5：1的比例、即胶黏剂比例为4％，经具有外圈喷头1和内圈喷头2的喷枪进行喷雾造粒成型。其中，外圈喷头1喷溶液b，内圈喷头喷溶液a。经成型后的吸声颗粒，通过筛分选取350μm-450μm颗粒，用于强度测试和灌入发声器件测试性能及模拟跌落看碎粉情况。
实施例3
配制作为吸声原料的多孔粉末的分散溶液a，其中多孔粉末与水1：1.2形成分散溶液a；
配制胶黏剂的分散溶液b，其中包括50％固含量的胶黏剂、与水按照1：2.9的配比形成分散的溶液b；
溶液a与溶液b按照4：1的比例、即胶黏剂比例为7.05％，经具有外圈喷头1和内圈喷头2的喷枪进行喷雾造粒成型。其中，外圈喷头1喷溶液b，内圈喷头2喷溶液a。经成型后的吸声颗粒，通过筛分选取350μm-450μm颗粒，用于强度测试和灌入发声器件测试性能及模拟跌落看碎粉情况。
传统喷雾造粒成型时，将多孔粉末和胶黏剂配制成均匀液体喷雾造粒成型，如此形成的多孔颗粒中多孔粉末和胶黏剂没有明确的界限，而是形成均匀整体。
参见图3，测试空腔发声器件、灌装了传统胶黏剂分布均匀成型的吸声颗粒的发声器件、以及灌装了本发明所制备的胶黏剂成型时分布在外圈的吸声颗粒的发声器件的阻抗曲线，由测试结果可知：应用本发明所制备的吸声颗粒的发声器件具有最低的f0，且对应f0处的阻抗最低。
参见图4，测试空腔发声器件、灌装了传统胶黏剂分布均匀成型的吸声颗粒的发声器件、以及灌装了本发明所制备的胶黏剂成型时分布在外圈的吸声颗粒的发声器件的频率响应曲线，可见，在低频阶段，应该本发明的吸声颗粒的发声器件具有更好的增益。
对本发明所制备的吸声颗粒灌装到发声器件里，进行跌落测试，经过模拟跌落4万次，拆开查看mesh，并无粉末漏出且mesh表面无脱落的细粉。可见本发明所制备的吸声颗粒具有极好的强度。
以上所述的仅是本发明的实施方式，在此应当指出，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明创造构思的前提下，还可以做出改进，但这些均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种吸音材料，其特征在于，所述吸音材料包括多孔粉末内核和包裹所述多孔粉末内核的胶黏剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的吸音材料，其特征在于，所述多孔粉末包括多孔硅胶、分子筛、多孔石墨、多孔炭黑中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的吸音材料，其特征在于，所述胶黏剂包括聚苯乙烯乳液、聚苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯乳液、聚丙烯酸酯乳液、聚醋酸乙烯酯-丙烯酸酯乳液、聚丁二烯-苯乙烯乳液、聚乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯乳液、聚乙烯醇水溶液、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮水溶剂、聚丙烯酸水溶液、聚丙烯酰胺水溶液、蛋白质水溶液、改性纤维素水溶液、可溶性淀粉溶液中的至少一种。
4.一种吸音材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
配制多孔粉末分散水溶液；
配制胶黏剂分散水溶液；
将所述多孔粉末分散水溶液和所述胶黏剂分散水溶液按照比例喷雾造粒成型，其中，所述喷雾造粒成型采用具有双圈喷头结构的喷雾造粒喷头，内圈喷头用于所述多孔粉末分散水溶液的喷雾造粒成型，外圈喷头用于胶黏剂分散水溶液的喷雾造粒成型。
5.根据权利要求4所述的吸音材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述多孔粉末包括多孔硅胶、分子筛、多孔石墨、多孔炭黑中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求4所述的吸音材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述胶黏剂包括聚苯乙烯乳液、聚苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯乳液、聚丙烯酸酯乳液、聚醋酸乙烯酯-丙烯酸酯乳液、聚丁二烯-苯乙烯乳液、聚乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯乳液、聚乙烯醇水溶液、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮水溶剂、聚丙烯酸水溶液、聚丙烯酰胺水溶液、蛋白质水溶液、改性纤维素水溶液、可溶性淀粉溶液中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求4所述的吸音材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述多孔粉末分散水溶液中多孔粉末与水的比例为(0.8-1.2):1。
8.根据权利要求4所述的吸音材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述胶黏剂为50％固含量胶黏剂、所述胶黏剂分散水溶液中50％固含量胶黏剂与水的比例为1:(1.5-3)。
9.根据权利要求4所述的吸音材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述多孔粉末分散水溶液与胶黏剂分散水溶液的比例为(4-8):1。
10.根据权利要求4所述的吸音材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述喷雾造粒的喷雾压力为0.02-0.1MPa，所述喷雾造粒的干燥温度为50-150℃。
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