CN108069857A - 一种用于甲醇气相羰基化制乙酸甲酯的活性炭负载铱基催化剂及其应用 - Google Patents
一种用于甲醇气相羰基化制乙酸甲酯的活性炭负载铱基催化剂及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108069857A CN108069857A CN201611003648.XA CN201611003648A CN108069857A CN 108069857 A CN108069857 A CN 108069857A CN 201611003648 A CN201611003648 A CN 201611003648A CN 108069857 A CN108069857 A CN 108069857A
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 230000006315 carbonylation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000005810 carbonylation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000009827 Prunus armeniaca Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 244000018633 Prunus armeniaca Species 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910021638 Iridium(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910021380 Manganese Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011565 manganese chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Manganese chloride Chemical compound Cl[Mn]Cl GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- UPWOEMHINGJHOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxocobaltiooxy)cobalt Chemical group O=[Co]O[Co]=O UPWOEMHINGJHOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021592 Copper(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910007932 ZrCl4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- OKJPEAGHQZHRQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triiodomethane Natural products IC(I)I OKJPEAGHQZHRQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000856 hastalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical compound IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021639 Iridium tetrachloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910006213 ZrOCl2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Ir]=O HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese oxide Inorganic materials [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(II) nitrate Inorganic materials [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000357 manganese(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroiridium Chemical compound Cl[Ir](Cl)Cl DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011686 zinc sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Zr](Cl)(Cl)Cl DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
- IPCAPQRVQMIMAN-UHFFFAOYSA-L zirconyl chloride Chemical compound Cl[Zr](Cl)=O IPCAPQRVQMIMAN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000004224 protection Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Chemical compound [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Peracetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)OO KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910007928 ZrCl2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007172 homogeneous catalysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920013683 Celanese Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010054949 Metaplasia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001093 Zr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005815 base catalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001728 carbonyl compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003889 chemical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007809 chemical reaction catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007210 heterogeneous catalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002815 homogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001505 inorganic iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010813 internal standard method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015689 metaplastic ossification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009972 noncorrosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethylene Natural products C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004817 pentamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002717 polyvinylpyridine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003752 zinc compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/36—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reaction with carbon monoxide or formates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/46—Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
- B01J23/468—Iridium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/64—Platinum group metals with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/656—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/6562—Manganese
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/8913—Cobalt and noble metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/8926—Copper and noble metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/617—500-1000 m2/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/64—Pore diameter
- B01J35/647—2-50 nm
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/64—Pore diameter
- B01J35/651—50-500 nm
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
一种活性炭负载的用于甲醇气相羰基化制乙酸甲酯的铱基催化剂及应用。该催化剂由主催化剂、助催化剂和载体三部分组成,主催化剂活性组分为铱,助催化剂为含钴、锰、锆、铜、锌的化合物中的一种或两种以上,载体为椰壳或杏壳活性炭中的一种或两种。按本发明提供一种活性炭负载的含钴、锰、锆、铜、锌的化合物中的一种或两种以上为助催化剂的用于甲醇气相羰基化制乙酸甲酯的铱基催化剂。该催化剂用于固定床反应器中,在一定的温度和压力以及本催化剂作用下,CH3OH和CO可高活性、高选择性地转化为乙酸甲酯。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于化工催化剂技术领域,具体涉及一种活性炭负载的由钴、锰、锆、铜、锌的化合物中的一种或两种以上为助剂的铱基催化剂及其在固定床甲醇气相羰基化制乙酸甲酯反应中的应用。
背景技术
乙酸甲酯在国际上逐渐代替丙酮、丁酮、乙酸乙酯、环戊烷等。因为它不属于限制使用的有机污染物排放,可以达到涂料、油墨、树脂、胶粘剂厂新的环保标准。乙酸甲酯加氢合成乙醇也是目前煤制乙醇的主要途径之一。其制备方法主要有(1)醋酸与甲醇以硫酸为催化剂直接进行酯化反应生成醋酸甲酯粗制品,再用氯化钙脱水,碳酸钠中和,分馏得到醋酸甲酯成品。(2)二甲醚在H-MOR分子筛催化剂上经羰基化合成,但分子筛容易积碳失活,且时空收率很低。(3)甲醇羰基化制备乙酸时,乙酸甲酯作为副产物存在,但选择性较低,分离成本高。所以目前工业可行的乙酸甲酯合成路线绝大本分要经过乙酸这一中间步骤。
目前,乙酸的工业化生产中甲醇羰基化工艺占主导地位,目前采用该工艺的乙酸生产装置的生产能力已占乙酸总生产能力的94%。在过去50年里,甲醇羰基化生产乙酸的工业化过程大致经历了三个发展阶段:
第一阶段:BSAF公司1960年利用钴催化剂在较高的反应温度和压力下(250℃,60MPa)首先实现了用甲醇羰基化法生产乙酸的工业化生产。该方法生产的乙酸纯度不高,主要副产物是高级醇、高级醛和高级羧酸,产物分离成本较高。第二阶段:Monsanto公司开发了活性和选择性更高的铑-碘化物(RhI3)催化体系。反应的温度和压力也比较低(175℃左右,3.0MPa),乙酸以甲醇为基准的选择率在99%以上,以CO为基准的选择率也达到了90%以上。装置耐腐蚀要求很高,需要全锆合金反应釜。第三阶段:Ir催化剂的工业化是甲醇羰基化法生产乙酸。该工艺大大提高了催化剂的稳定性,反应在水含量较低的条件下进行,并减少了液体副产物的生成,提高了CO的转化率。Celanese化学公司通过添加高浓度的无机碘化物(主要是碘化锂),提高了Rh催化剂的稳定性,加入碘化锂与碘甲烷助剂后,可使反应器中水含量显著降低(约4%~5%),同时又可维持较高的羰基化速率,使新工艺的分离成本显著降低。
日本千代田(Chiyoda)公司和UOP公司联合开发了Acetica工艺,该工艺基于一种多相Rh催化剂,其中活性Rh络合物以化学方法固定在聚乙烯基吡啶树脂上。中国科学院化学研究所袁国卿研究组合成的强弱配位键螯合性高分子催化剂也形成了自主知识产权体系,该催化剂体系具有高稳定性、高活性等特点,能提高CO利用的选择性。
虽然均相Rh基和Ir基催化体系取得了很好的工业应用,取得了相当高的催化活性和选择性,乙酸的选择性大于99%。但是均相催化剂体系从其诞生起,就呈现出了一定的缺点,比如,贵金属催化剂易流失、产物与催化剂分离困难、催化剂循环及回收复杂等。
针对上述均相反应催化体系不足,一部分研究者则把目光投向了负载型非均相催化体系。与均相催化体系相比,非均相催化体系有着天然的优势,比如,催化剂与产物分离方便,催化剂浓度不受溶解度限制,可以通过增加催化剂浓度来提高产能等。负载型非均相催化体系按照载体不同可以大致分为聚合物载体、活性炭载体、无机氧化物载体等体系,但负载型催化剂体系存在着活性比均相催化体系的低、活性成分易脱除、对载体要求较高等问题。
因此,目前甲醇羰基化合成乙酸的可挖掘潜力有限。甲醇经羰基化高选择性的制乙酸甲酯直接跳过乙酸合成路线,即避免了使用昂贵的锆材,又缩减了酯化工艺,节省大量生产成本。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种活性炭负载的由钴、锰、锆、铜、锌的化合物中的一种或两种以上化合物为助催化剂的铱基催化剂及其在固定床甲醇气相羰基化制乙酸甲酯反应中的应用,主产物为乙酸甲酯。
本发明的技术方案为:
一种用于甲醇经羰基化制乙酸甲酯的催化剂及其制备方法,其特征在于该催化剂由主催化剂、助催化剂和载体三部分组成,主催化剂活性组分为铱,助剂为由钴、锰、锆、铜、锌的化合物中的一种或两种以上化合物为助催化剂的,载体为椰壳炭,椰壳炭的比表面积为500~1000m2/g,平均孔径为1~200nm,杏壳炭的比表面积为600~1200m2/g,平均孔径为1~200nm。
根据权利要求1所述的催化剂,其特征在于,所述的主催化剂的铱的前驱体为Ir2O3、IrO2、Ir(OH)3、Ir(OH)4、IrCl3、IrCl4、H2IrCl6、[Ir(CO)2I2]-、[Ir(CO)2I2]-中的一种或两种以上(优选IrCl3和H2IrCl6),其中主活性组分铱的含量为催化剂重量的0.1~5.0%。
根据权利要求1所述的催化剂,其特征在于助剂的前驱体为Co2O3,Co(NO3)2、MnO、MnO2、Mn3O4、MnCl2、C4H6MnO4、Mn(NO3)2、MnSO4、ZrCl4、ZrOCl2,Zr(NO3)4、CuO、Cu(NO3)2,CuCl2,ZnO,ZnSO4、ZnCl2中的一种或两种以上(优选MnCl2、ZrCl4和ZnCl2),含量为催化剂重量的0.1~30.0%。
根据权利要求1所述的催化剂,其特征在于,所述的载体为椰壳炭或杏壳炭中的一种或两种,其中椰壳炭的比表面积为550~900m2/g,平均孔径最佳为5~100nm;杏壳炭的比表面积为650~1000m2/g,平均孔径最佳为5~100nm。
根据权利要求1所述的一种甲醇经羰基化制乙酸甲酯的催化剂,其特征在于将IrCl3或H2IrCl6及助剂的氧化物或氯化物前驱体溶解在含盐酸的水、乙醇或丙酮的一种或两种溶剂中,然后浸渍于活性炭上,浸渍2~4h,然后在60~80℃水浴蒸干溶剂,烘箱中100~120℃烘干8h,氮气保护下250~400℃焙烧4h。
根据权利要求8所述的乙酸甲酯的制备方法,其特征在于CO和泵入的甲醇等反应物进入到装有本发明的颗粒状催化剂的固定床反应器中,进行甲醇羰基化反应,主要产物为乙酸甲酯,有微量或少量的乙酸副产物生成。
根据权利要求8所述的乙酸甲酯的制备方法,羰基化反应的温度在180~280℃,0.5~3.5MPa,液体体积空速在0.1~15h-1。
根据权利要求9所述的乙酸甲酯的制备方法,助催化剂反应物还包括碘甲烷,其为甲醇重量的5~35.0%。
根据权利要求10所述的乙酸甲酯的制备方法,其特征在于采用的主反应器材质为哈氏合金。
权利要求1所述的一种用于甲醇经羰基化制乙酸甲酯的催化剂用于以甲醇/CO为原料转化为乙酸甲酯的反应,原料气中需要加入一定量的H2,CO和H2的体积比例在2~35。
本发明的有益效果为:
与现有的技术相比,本发明的多相催化剂在产物分离方面相对简单。同时反应液相产物中,反应副产物只有工艺水和少量或微量的乙酸,水含量较低且还有大量未反应的甲醇和无腐蚀性的乙酸甲酯,因此,产物的腐蚀性较低,反应装置的核心部分的材质只需要哈氏合金,具有投资低的优势。同时甲醇的转化率和乙酸甲酯选择性均较高且反应压力低,装置运行成本低。
具体实施方式
下述实施例说明但不限制本发明要保护的内容。
实施例1
量取5mL浓HCl加入10mL去离子水,称取0.24g IrCl3在上述15mL盐酸溶液中溶解,然后浸渍10.0g椰壳炭。80℃水浴蒸发溶剂,120℃烘箱烘干8h,300℃氮气保护焙烧4h,得到活性炭负载的铱基催化剂。
实施例2
量取5mL浓HCl加入10mL去离子水,称取0.24g IrCl3和0.1g MnCl2在上述15mL盐酸溶液中溶解,然后浸渍10.0g椰壳炭。80℃水浴蒸发溶剂,120℃烘箱烘干8h,300℃氮气保护焙烧4h,得到活性炭负载的铱基催化剂。
实施例3
量取5mL浓HCl加入10mL去离子水,称取0.24g IrCl3和0.1g Co(NO3)2在上述15mL盐酸溶液中溶解,然后浸渍10.0g椰壳炭。80℃水浴蒸发溶剂,120℃烘箱烘干8h,300℃氮气保护焙烧4h,得到活性炭负载的铱基催化剂。
实施例4
量取5mL浓HCl加入10mL去离子水,称取0.24g IrCl3和0.1gZrCl4在上述15mL盐酸溶液中溶解,然后浸渍10.0g椰壳炭。80℃水浴蒸发溶剂,120℃烘箱烘干8h,300℃氮气保护焙烧4h,得到活性炭负载的铱基催化剂。
实施例5
量取5mL浓HCl加入10mL去离子水,称取0.24g IrCl3和0.1g Cu(NO3)2在上述15mL盐酸溶液中溶解,然后浸渍10.0g椰壳炭。80℃水浴蒸发溶剂,120℃烘箱烘干8h,300℃氮气保护焙烧4h,得到活性炭负载的铱基催化剂。
实施例6
量取5mL浓HCl加入10mL去离子水,称取0.24g IrCl3和0.1g ZnO在上述15mL盐酸溶液中溶解,然后浸渍10.0g椰壳炭。80℃水浴蒸发溶剂,120℃烘箱烘干8h,300℃氮气保护焙烧4h,得到活性炭负载的铱基催化剂。
实施例7
量取5mL浓HCl加入10mL去离子水,称取0.24g IrCl3、0.1g Co2O3和0.1g MnCl2在上述15mL盐酸溶液中溶解,然后浸渍10.0g椰壳炭。80℃水浴蒸发溶剂,120℃烘箱烘干8h,300℃氮气保护焙烧4h,得到活性炭负载的铱基催化剂。
实施例8
量取5mL浓HCl加入10mL去离子水,称取0.24g IrCl3、0.1g ZnCl2和0.1g ZrCl2在上述15mL盐酸溶液中溶解,然后浸渍10.0g椰壳炭。80℃水浴蒸发溶剂,120℃烘箱烘干8h,300℃氮气保护焙烧4h,得到活性炭负载的铱基催化剂。
实施例9
量取5mL浓HCl加入10mL去离子水,称取0.24g IrCl3、0.1g MnCl2和0.1g ZrCl2在上述15mL盐酸溶液中溶解,然后浸渍10.0g椰壳炭。80℃水浴蒸发溶剂,120℃烘箱烘干8h,300℃氮气保护焙烧4h,得到活性炭负载的铱基催化剂。
实施例10
量取5mL浓HCl加入10mL去离子水,称取0.24g IrCl3、0.1g MnCl2和0.1g ZnCl2在上述15mL盐酸溶液中溶解,然后浸渍10.0g椰壳炭。80℃水浴蒸发溶剂,120℃烘箱烘干8h,300℃氮气保护焙烧4h,得到活性炭负载的铱基催化剂。
实施例11
量取5mL浓HCl加入10mL去离子水,称取0.24g IrCl3、0.1g CuCl2和0.1g ZnCl2在上述15mL盐酸溶液中溶解,然后浸渍10.0g椰壳炭。80℃水浴蒸发溶剂,120℃烘箱烘干8h,300℃氮气保护焙烧4h,得到活性炭负载的铱基催化剂。
实施例12
量取5mL浓HCl加入10mL去离子水,称取0.24g IrCl3、0.1g MnCl2和0.1g CuCl2在上述15mL盐酸溶液中溶解,然后浸渍10.0g椰壳炭。80℃水浴蒸发溶剂,120℃烘箱烘干8h,300℃氮气保护焙烧4h,得到活性炭负载的铱基催化剂。
实施例13
量取5mL浓HNO3加入10mL去离子水,称取0.24g IrCl3、0.1g MnCl2在上述15mL硝酸溶液中溶解,然后浸渍10.0g椰壳炭。80℃水浴蒸发溶剂,120℃烘箱烘干8h,300℃氮气保护焙烧4h,得到活性炭负载的铱基催化剂。
实施例14
量取5mL浓H2SO4加入10mL去离子水,称取0.24g IrCl3、0.1g MnCl2在上述15mL硫酸溶液中溶解,然后浸渍10.0g椰壳炭。80℃水浴蒸发溶剂,120℃烘箱烘干8h,300℃氮气保护焙烧4h,得到活性炭负载的铱基催化剂。
应用案例为制备的催化剂在以甲醇、CO为原料制备乙酸甲酯反应中的应用
催化剂的活化:在催化剂使用前,在反应器中CO/H2=4,GHSV=7500h-1中进行原位还原活化,条件为:常压,5℃/min从室温升温至230℃,保持1小时,得到活化后的铱基催化剂。
羰基化反应条件为:235℃,2.5Mpa,CH3OH/CO/H2=4/4/1(摩尔比),甲醇LHSV=10h-1。反应尾气经冷阱冷却后,气相产物进行在线分析,色谱仪器为安捷伦7890B GC,PQ填充柱,TCD检测器。液相产物离线分析,FFAP毛细管色谱柱,FID检测器。内标法分析,异丁醇为内标物。
使用实施例1-13制备得到的铱基催化剂,按照上述操作制备乙酸甲酯,甲醇的转化率以及乙酸甲酯的选择性如表1。
表1甲醇的转化率以及乙酸甲酯的选择性
实施例 | 甲醇转化率(%) | 乙酸甲酯选择性*(%) |
1 | 20 | 80 |
2 | 55 | 87 |
3 | 40 | 97 |
4 | 50 | 90 |
5 | 45 | 96 |
6 | 53 | 98 |
7 | 58 | 95 |
8 | 53 | 91 |
9 | 48 | 90 |
10 | 70 | 93 |
11 | 60 | 95 |
12 | 50 | 91 |
13 | 68 | 90 |
14 | 75 | 95 |
*以转化的甲醇计,其它产物主要为乙酸。
Claims (10)
1.一种活性炭负载的铱基催化剂,其特征在于:该催化剂由主催化剂、助催化剂和载体三部分组成;
主催化剂为铱化合物中的一种或两种以上(优选氯化物、氯铱酸);
助催化剂为钴、锰、锆、铜、锌的化合物中的一种或两种以上(优选锰的氯化物和氧化物);
载体为椰壳炭或杏壳炭中的一种或两种;
铱占催化剂总质量的0.01~5.0wt%,优选占比0.1~5.0wt%,最佳占比的0.5~3.0wt%;助催化剂为催化剂总质量的0.1~30.0wt%,优选为占比为0.1~15wt%,最佳占比0.5~5wt%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的铱基催化剂,其特征在于:
所述的载体为椰壳活性炭或杏壳活性炭中的一种或两种,椰壳炭的比表面积为500~1100m2/g,椰壳炭的优选比表面积为550~900m2/g,椰壳炭的平均孔径为1~200nm,椰壳炭的优选平均孔径为2~100nm;杏壳炭的比表面积为600~1200m2/g,杏壳炭的优选比表面积为650~1000m2/g,杏壳炭的平均孔径为1~200nm,杏壳炭的优选平均孔径为2~100nm。
3.一种权利要求1-2任一所述铱基催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:
用酸的存在下,将铱的前驱体和助剂的前驱体溶解成溶液,溶剂为水、乙醇或丙酮中的一种或两种,得到的溶液浸渍于活性炭上,浸渍时间为2~4h,再在60~100℃水浴蒸干溶剂,烘箱中100~120℃烘干,惰性气体保护下250~400℃焙烧1~4h。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
所述酸为盐酸、硝酸、或者硫酸,优选摩尔浓度为12mol/L的浓盐酸、14.4mol/L的浓硝酸或者18mol/L的浓硫酸中的任意一种。
5.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
所述铱的前驱体为Ir2O3、IrO2、Ir(OH)3、Ir(OH)4、IrCl3、IrCl4、H2IrCl6、[Ir(CO)2I2]-、[Ir(CO)2I2]-中的一种或两种以上,(优选IrCl3和H2IrCl6);
助剂的前驱体为Co2O3,Co(NO3)2、MnO、MnO2、Mn3O4、MnCl2、C4H6MnO4、Mn(NO3)2、MnSO4、ZrCl4、ZrOCl2,Zr(NO3)4、CuO、Cu(NO3)2,CuCl2,ZnO,ZnSO4、ZnCl2中的一种或两种以上(优选MnCl2、ZrCl4和ZnCl2)。
6.一种权利要求1-2任一所述的铱催化剂在甲醇气相羰基化制备乙酸、乙酸甲酯或其混合物中的应用,其中乙酸甲酯为所需的主产物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于:
催化剂在使用前需要在氮气或氩气等惰性气氛进行焙烧,其焙烧温度为250~400℃,焙烧时间为1~4h;催化剂在使用前需要进行活化,在合成气中活化温度为200~280℃,时间为1~3h,合成气为CO与H2摩尔比为1~5,优选3~4。
8.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于:
反应温度为180~280℃,反应压力0.5~6.5MPa;反应液体体积空速为0.1~15h-1,CO和甲醇的摩尔比为0.25~2,H2和CO的体积比为0.01~2。
9.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于:
反应器中需要加入助催化剂碘甲烷,助催化剂的加入量为甲醇的5~35.0wt%。
10.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于:
采用的主反应器材质为哈氏合金。
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CN111036233A (zh) * | 2018-10-12 | 2020-04-21 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 宽温型甲醇合成催化剂及其制法和用法 |
CN113941329A (zh) * | 2020-07-16 | 2022-01-18 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种用于甲醇无卤素气相羰基化制备醋酸及醋酸酯的催化剂制备方法与应用 |
CN114621090A (zh) * | 2020-12-11 | 2022-06-14 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种采用冷凝反应器制备丙酸甲酯的方法 |
CN115819217A (zh) * | 2022-11-25 | 2023-03-21 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种甲醇连续反应制备乙酸的工艺方法及装置 |
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CN111036233A (zh) * | 2018-10-12 | 2020-04-21 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 宽温型甲醇合成催化剂及其制法和用法 |
CN111036233B (zh) * | 2018-10-12 | 2022-11-29 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 宽温型甲醇合成催化剂及其制法和用法 |
CN113941329A (zh) * | 2020-07-16 | 2022-01-18 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种用于甲醇无卤素气相羰基化制备醋酸及醋酸酯的催化剂制备方法与应用 |
CN114621090A (zh) * | 2020-12-11 | 2022-06-14 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种采用冷凝反应器制备丙酸甲酯的方法 |
CN114621090B (zh) * | 2020-12-11 | 2023-08-25 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种采用冷凝反应器制备丙酸甲酯的方法 |
CN115819217A (zh) * | 2022-11-25 | 2023-03-21 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种甲醇连续反应制备乙酸的工艺方法及装置 |
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