CN108068651B - 车辆、尤其是电动车辆或混合动力车辆，以及用于对车辆的储能电池单元充电的方法 - Google Patents

车辆、尤其是电动车辆或混合动力车辆，以及用于对车辆的储能电池单元充电的方法 Download PDF

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CN108068651B
CN108068651B CN201711114509.9A CN201711114509A CN108068651B CN 108068651 B CN108068651 B CN 108068651B CN 201711114509 A CN201711114509 A CN 201711114509A CN 108068651 B CN108068651 B CN 108068651B
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charge pump
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T·克里斯托夫
D·赫尔克
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/53—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells in combination with an external power supply, e.g. from overhead contact lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/06—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
    • H02M3/07—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
    • B60W10/26—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/30—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of auxiliary equipment, e.g. air-conditioning compressors or oil pumps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/06—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
    • H02M3/07—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps
    • H02M3/073—Charge pumps of the Schenkel-type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/50—Charging stations characterised by energy-storage or power-generation means
    • B60L53/53—Batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/91—Electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/92—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明提出一种车辆、尤其是电动车辆或混合动力车辆，该车辆具有用于通过外部电压源对车辆集成式储能电池单元充电的充电装置，其中，该充电装置具有用于设定输入电压与输出电压之间的电压比的电荷泵，其中，该电荷泵提供至少两个离散的电压比。

Description

车辆、尤其是电动车辆或混合动力车辆，以及用于对车辆的储 能电池单元充电的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种车辆、尤其是电动车辆或混合动力车辆，并且涉及一种用于对车辆的储能电池单元充电的方法。
背景技术
电动车辆或混合动力车辆在现有技术中众所周知。所述车辆通常由电动机器驱动，该电动机器进而由储能电池单元(例如，高压电池)供电。为此，储能电池单元充电必须被定期充电，并且为此目的，被连接至外部电源，例如充电站。在一些情况下，需要倍压(外部电源的电压被加倍)以便为储能电池单元提供足够的充电电压。所述倍压尤其由充电装置执行，在充电过程中，该充电装置在储能电池单元与外部电源之间互连。例如，通过简单的电荷泵可以在此实现简单倍压。
从现有技术中进一步已知的是，在充电过程中调整充电电压。通常由DC电压转换器执行这种类型的电压调整。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种车辆，该车辆具有尽可能紧凑且轻便并且使得可以比在使用简单的电荷泵充电的情况下更有效地对储能电池单元进行充电的充电装置。
本发明的目的是由下述1-7实现的：
1.一种车辆、尤其是电动车辆或混合动力车辆，该车辆具有用于通过外部电压源对车辆集成式储能电池单元进行充电的充电装置，其中，该充电装置包括用于设定输入电压与输出电压之间的电压比的电荷泵，其特征在于，该电荷泵具有用于设定不同的电压比的至少两个中间电路。
2.如上述1所述的车辆，其中，该输出电压被施加至该储能电池单元，并且当对该储能电池单元充电时，该外部电压源的电压被施加至该电荷泵作为该输入电压。
3.如上述1或2所述的车辆，其中，该电荷泵具有两个中间电路，这些中间电路可以并联或串联连接以用于设定不同的电压比。
4.如上述1或2所述的车辆，其中，该充电装置具有用于自动设定这些电压比的控制装置。
5.如上述1或2所述的车辆，其中，配置该电荷泵，以使得能设定多个离散的电压比。
6.如上述1或2所述的车辆，其中，提供该车辆集成式储能电池单元以用于对电动机器供电。
7.一种用于对车辆集成式储能电池单元、尤其是对如以上1-6之一所述的车辆中的车辆集成式储能电池单元充电的方法，其中，具有至少两个中间电路的电荷泵是用来在输入电压与输出电压之间的多个离散的电压比之间变化的。
本发明的目的由车辆(尤其是电动车辆或混合动力车辆)实现，该车辆具有用于通过外部电压源对车辆集成式储能电池单元进行充电的充电装置，其中，该充电装置包括用于设定输入电压与输出电压之间的电压比的电荷泵，其中，该电荷泵具有用于设定不同电压比的至少两个中间电路(Zwischenschaltkreisen)。
与现有技术相比，根据本发明的电荷泵具有至少两个中间电路。与简单的电荷泵相比，根据本发明的电荷泵具有的优点是，它可以在充电过程中在不同的离散电压比之间变化，其结果是可以至少部分地调整输入电压以便适应优化的充电电压，并且因此能实现短的充电时间。与DC-DC电压转换器相比，根据本发明的电荷泵具有的优点是，它具有较小复杂性并且可以易于实现，其结果是就重量和成本而言存在对应的优点。
外部电源优选地是充电站，储能电池单元被电连接至该充电站。在这种情况下，充电装置尤其在储能电池单元与充电站之间互连。在此，充电装置被优选地集成在车辆中。进一步提出的是，配置该充电装置以便在充电过程中在输入电压与输出电压之间的至少两个电压比之间变化。与简单的电荷泵相比，通过互连主网格和副网格来在输出处实现倍压，尤其提出的是在根据本发明的电荷泵中副网格具有至少两个中间电路。取决于中间电路如何相对于彼此互连，副网格相应地有助于在充电装置的输出处形成电压。设置用于将电路彼此互连的开关。进一步提出的是，每个中间电路具有二极管和中间电路电容器。在此，用于设定相应的电压比所需的电能被存储在相应的中间电路电容器中。
本发明的有利实施方案和改进将参见附图从上述2-6以及说明书中显现出来。
根据本发明的进一步实施方案，提出的是，输出电压被施加至储能电池单元，并且当对储能电池单元充电时，外部电源的电压被施加至电荷泵作为输入电压。
根据本发明的进一步实施方案，提出的是，电荷泵具有两个中间电路，这两个中间电路可以并联或串联连接以用于设定不同的电压比。优选地存在恰好两个中间电路，并且输出电压是输入电压的两倍或输入电压的1.5倍。这两个中间电路不仅可以并联或串联地放电，而且理论上，可以仅有一个放电而第二个保持充电。
根据本发明的进一步实施方案，提出的是，充电装置具有用于自动设定电压比的控制装置。在充电过程中，可以例如使用控制装置来以及时的方式在两个电压比之间改变。
根据本发明的进一步实施方案，提出的是，配置电荷泵，以使得可以设定多个固定电压比。随着中间电路的数量的增加，可以在此设定能潜在地设定的电压比的数量。中间电路的数量优选地与应用或车辆特定要求相适配。
本发明的进一步主题是一种用于对车辆集成式储能电池单元(尤其是根据本发明的车辆中的车辆集成式储能电池单元)充电的方法，其中，具有多个中间电路的电荷泵被用来在输入电压与输出电压之间的多个固定电压比之间变化。
附图说明
本发明的进一步细节、特征和优点将从附图中以及从基于附图的优选的实施方案的以下说明中显现出来。在此，附图仅仅展示了本发明的、不对本发明的基本概念进行限制的示例性实施方案。
图1示出了根据本发明的示例性实施方案的充电站与车辆。
图2示出了用于图1的车辆的电荷泵。
在不同的附图中，相同部分总是配备有相同的参考符号，并且因此在各自的情况下总体上也仅指定或提及一次。
具体实施方式
图1展示了根据本发明的示例性实施方案的充电站4与车辆1。在此，充电站4用作外部电压源，该外部电压源被用来对集成在车辆1中的储能电池单元2充电。所述储能电池单元尤其是用作驱动车辆的电动机器的电源的储能电池单元2。为了对这种类型的储能电池单元2充电，需要比较高的充电电压，例如800V。储能电池单元2被连接至充电站4以便被充电。为此目的，车辆1具有接口，例如通过该接口该储能电池单元2被连接至充电站4。为了尽可能最好的充电过程，充电装置3在车辆集成式储能电池单元2与充电站4之间互连。这样确保了充电站4提供的电压被转换成适当的充电电压。在这种情况下，充电站提供的电压被施加至充电装置3作为输入电压8，并且充电装置将优化的充电电压提供给储能电池单元2作为输出电压9。如果期望的是连续地设定输入电压8与输出电压9之间的电压比，该电压比进而允许在充电过程中最优地调整充电电压，则需要DC-DC电压转换器或DC-DC转换器，该转换器比较重、填充安装空间且购买价格高。然而，简单的电荷泵(其中，充电站提供的电压仅仅是重复，尤其是加倍)在充电过程中不能调整充电电压。
因此，根据本发明，提供了一种具有至少两个中间电路5的电荷泵，所述中间电路是并联或串联连接的，其结果是可以在充电过程中在不同的离散的或固定的电压比之间变化。结果，可以有利地使用比较简单的电路来在充电过程中提供随时间变化的充电电压，而不必求助于填充安装空间的、比较重的DC-DC电压转换器。在此，尤其提出的是，随中间电路5的数量的增加而增加的、可以被潜在设定的电压比的数量。在这种情况下，尤其可以想到的是使中间电路5的数量与相应的应用相适配，其结果是根据要求可以总体上从中间电路5的数量和电路的复杂性中实现平衡比。
图2展示了用于来自图1的车辆1的具有两个中间电路5的电荷泵的电路图的实施例。在此，提出的是，输出电压9是跨主电容器11和副电容器12分接的。在这种情况下，主电容器11是主网格6的一部分，副电容器是副网格7的一部分。副网格7进而包括两个中间电路5，每个中间电路都具有二极管14和中间电路电容器10。取决于所述两个中间电路5是彼此并联连接还是串联连接的，适当的电压将跨副电容器12降低。提供了可以关闭或打开的开关13，用于互连这些中间电路5并且由此用于在充电过程中改变电压比。换言之：可以通过中间电路5的相对彼此的连接来确定跨副电容器12的电压降，其结果是可以通过主电容器11和副电容器12设定电压降，该电压降确定总电压。其结果是，可以改变输入电压8与输出电压9之间的电压比。具体地讲，当中间电路5串联连接时，输入电压8可以被加倍，当中间电路5并联连接时，可以设置对应于输入电压8的1.5倍的输出电压9。此外，提出的是，至少部分地定期切换电路中设置的开关13以便对中间电路电容器10充电。

Claims (7)

1.一种车辆（1），该车辆具有用于通过外部电压源对车辆集成式储能电池单元（2）进行充电的充电装置（3），其中，该充电装置（3）包括用于设定输入电压（8）与输出电压（9）之间的电压比的电荷泵，其特征在于，该电荷泵具有至少两个中间电路（5），这些中间电路能够并联或串联连接以用于设定不同的电压比；其中输出电压（9）是跨主电容器（11）和副电容器（12）分接的，主电容器（11）是主网格（6）的一部分，副电容器（12）是副网格（7）的一部分，副网格（7）进而包括所述至少两个中间电路（5），每个中间电路都具有二极管（14）和中间电路电容器（10）。
2.如权利要求1所述的车辆（1），其中，该输出电压（9）被施加至该储能电池单元（2），并且当对该储能电池单元（2）充电时，该外部电压源的电压被施加至该电荷泵作为该输入电压（8）。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的车辆（1），其中，该充电装置（3）具有用于自动设定这些电压比的控制装置。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的车辆（1），其中，配置该电荷泵，以使得能设定多个离散的电压比。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的车辆（1），其中，提供该车辆集成式储能电池单元（2）以用于对电动机器供电。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的车辆（1），其中所述车辆（1）是电动车辆或混合动力车辆。
7.一种用于对如以上权利要求之一所述的车辆（1）中的车辆集成式储能电池单元（2）充电的方法，其中，具有至少两个中间电路（5）的电荷泵是用来在输入电压（8）与输出电压（9）之间的多个离散的电压比之间变化的。
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