CN108047147A - 一类三唑类化合物以及作为杀菌剂的用途 - Google Patents
一类三唑类化合物以及作为杀菌剂的用途 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
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- C07D249/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
- C07D249/08—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及通式为(I)的一类三唑类化合物,其中X为H、C1~C4的直链或者支链的烷基、卤素、硝基、氰基、苯基、三氟甲基、三氯甲基、甲氧基等取代基;数量为1‑3个。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一类三唑类化合物以及用作杀菌剂的用途,属农药化合物制备技术领域。
背景技术:
三唑类杀菌剂是防治植物真菌病害最重要的杀菌剂之一,其作用机理是作用于病原真菌甾醇生物合成中C-14脱甲基化酶,使菌体细胞膜功能受到破坏,从而达到杀菌的目的。丙硫菌唑(prothioconazole)、环菌唑(cyproconazole)、氟环唑(epoxiconazole)、戊唑醇(tebuconazole)、苯醚甲环唑(difenoconazole)、丙环唑(propiconazole)这5个品种2014年全球销售额都是3亿美元以上的产品。现有三环唑类的农药使用年限较久,病原菌已产生抗性,致使三环唑类农药的田间用量逐年增加,但效果仍呈现下降的趋势。因此,市场急需开发具有新结构的三环唑类药剂。
在抗真菌药医药中,有一类咪唑类药物同样能干扰真菌细胞膜的生物合成。本专利选择抗真菌药医药益康唑为先导化合物,根据生物等排性原理,将三唑替代益康唑中的咪唑,同时在苯环上引入了氟原子,合成了一系列三唑化合物,这种结构对植物病原真菌具有很高的杀菌活性,结构上与已报道三唑类杀菌剂差异比较明显,有望开发成为新的杀菌剂。
发明内容
为了合成和开发更高活性的三唑类杀菌剂,本发明的目的在于提供一个系列的三唑化合物,这类化合物具有新的化学结构式以及用作杀菌剂的用途,使之对植物病害有防治作用。
发明人经过不懈的努力,终于获得了一种三唑类化合物以及作为杀菌剂的用途,本发明通过以下技术方案来实现:
一种三唑类化合物,所述的三唑类化合物为取代的1-(2-苄氧基-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)乙基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑(I)化合物,具有通式(I)表示的结构:
优选地,如上所述的一种三唑类化合物,其中所述结构式中的X为H、C1~C4的直链或者支链的烷基、卤素、硝基、氰基、苯基、三氟甲基、三氯甲基、甲氧基取代基,数量为1-3个。
一种三唑类化合物的合成方法,以2-氯-2′,4′-二氟苯乙酮,1,2,4-三唑,取代苄氯等为原料进行反应,获得目标化合物,反应式如下:
本发明的化合物的分子结构和理化性质具体见表1,各化合物的核磁共振氢谱数据和高分辨质谱数据见表2。
表1化合物(I)的分子结构和理化性质
表2化合物(I)的核磁共振氢谱数据和高分辨质谱数据
一种三唑类化合物作为杀菌剂的用途,可用来防治的病害包括纹枯病、炭疽病、油菜菌核病、西瓜枯萎、小麦赤霉病、水稻稻瘟病、番茄早疫病、辣椒疫病、香蕉叶斑病、稻曲病、小麦锈病、梨树黑星病、苹果树斑点落叶病、白粉。
优选地,如上所述的一种三唑类化合物作为杀菌剂的用途,所述的纹枯病为水稻纹枯病,小麦纹枯病和玉米纹枯病;所述炭疽病为葡萄炭疽病、茶树炭疽病、辣椒炭疽病、荔枝树炭疽病、西瓜炭疽病和核桃炭疽病;所述白粉病为小麦白粉病、黄瓜白粉病和苦瓜白粉病。
和现有技术相比,本发明的优点为:本发明合成的一系列化合物是以医药益康唑为母体结构为模板,其化合物结构新颖;生物测定结果表明,化合物对某些病原真菌的杀菌活性比商品化的杀菌剂活性更高或者相当,有较高的商品化前景。
具体实施方式
为能清楚说明本发明方案的技术特点,下面结合具体实施例,对本发明进行阐述。但是本发明的保护范围并不限于这些实施例。凡是不背离本发明构思的改变或等同替代均包括在本发明的保护范围之内。
实施例1合成过程以化合物1为例
取代的1-(2-苄氧基-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)乙基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑的制备方法为:以2-氯-2′,4′-二氟苯乙酮,1,2,4-三唑,取代苄氯为原料进行反应,获得目标化合物,具体步骤为:
(1)2',4'-二氟-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)苯乙酮
将1,2,4-三唑6.8g(0.1mol),无水K2CO3 10.35g(0.075mol),TEBA 1.2g和CH2Cl250mL放在150mL烧瓶中,冰水浴冷却,搅拌,滴入2-氯-2',4'-二氟苯乙酮9.55g(0.05mol)和CH2Cl2 20mL混和液,约0.5h滴完,继续搅拌24h,过滤,滤饼用CH2Cl2洗数次,有机层用水洗(50mL×3),无水Na2SO4干燥,蒸出CH2Cl2,将残留物溶于干燥乙酸乙酯中,滴加浓HNO3,析出固体,过滤,用少量乙酸乙酯洗数次;干燥后将其溶于水,冰浴下用30%NaOH溶液调至pH9,析出固体,过滤,干燥,得白色固体6.4g,收率58%。
(2)1-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1-羟基-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-乙烷
在100mL的四口烧瓶中,加入2′,4′-二氟-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)苯乙酮4.46g(0.02mol),溶剂(甲醇:四氢呋喃=1:1,体积比)25mL,搅拌均匀,加入NaBH4 4.6g(0.12mol),完毕后,室温反应3h。反应混合物用蒸馏水洗涤,乙酸乙酯萃取,旋干,得到淡黄色固体4.2g,收率93%。
(3)于125mL三颈烧瓶中加入中间体1-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1-羟基-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-乙烷1.58g(0.007mol),相转移催化剂TEBA 1.1g,邻氟氯苄1.16g(0.008mol),溶剂甲苯30mL,50%NaOH 10mL,于温度100℃,反应2小时。反应结束后,分出有机层,水洗(50mL×3),无水MgSO4干燥,过滤,旋干,柱层析法分离(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=6:1),得淡黄色晶体1.46g,收率62.5%。实施例2合成过程以化合物2为例
(1)2',4'-二氟-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)苯乙酮:同实施例1。
(2)1-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1-羟基-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-乙烷:同实施例1。
(3)于125mL三颈烧瓶中加入中间体1-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1-羟基-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-乙烷1.58g(0.007mol),相转移催化剂TEBA 1.1g,邻甲基氯苄1.13g(0.008mol),溶剂甲苯30mL,50%NaOH 10mL,于温度100℃,反应2小时。反应结束后,分出有机层,水洗(50mL×3),无水MgSO4干燥,过滤,旋干,柱层析法分离(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=6:1),得白色粉末1.39g,为化合物2,收率60.4%。
实施例3合成过程以化合物3为例
(1)2',4'-二氟-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)苯乙酮:同实施例1。
(2)1-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1-羟基-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-乙烷:同实施例1。
(3)于125mL三颈烧瓶中加入中间体1-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1-羟基-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-乙烷1.58g(0.007mol),相转移催化剂TEBA 1.1g,间甲基氯苄1.13g(0.008mol),溶剂甲苯30mL,50%NaOH 10mL,于温度100℃,反应2小时。反应结束后,分出有机层,水洗(50mL×3),无水MgSO4干燥,过滤,旋干,柱层析法分离(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=6:1),得无色晶体1.32g,为化合物3,收率57.5%。
实施例4合成过程以化合物4为例
(1)2',4'-二氟-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)苯乙酮:同实施例1。
(2)1-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1-羟基-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-乙烷:同实施例1。
(3)于125mL三颈烧瓶中加入中间体1-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1-羟基-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-乙烷1.58g(0.007mol),相转移催化剂TEBA 1.1g,对甲基氯苄1.13g(0.008mol),溶剂甲苯30mL,50%NaOH 10mL,于温度100℃,反应2小时。反应结束后,分出有机层,水洗(50mL×3),无水MgSO4干燥,过滤,旋干,柱层析法分离(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=6:1),得油状物1.50g,为化合物4,收率65.2%。
实施例5合成过程以化合物5为例
(1)2',4'-二氟-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)苯乙酮:同实施例1。
(2)1-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1-羟基-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-乙烷:同实施例1。
(3)于125mL三颈烧瓶中加入中间体1-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1-羟基-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-乙烷1.58g(0.007mol),相转移催化剂TEBA 1.1g,间三氟甲基氯苄1.56g(0.008mol),溶剂甲苯30mL,50%NaOH 10mL,于温度100℃,反应2小时。反应结束后,分出有机层,水洗(50mL×3),无水MgSO4干燥,过滤,旋干,柱层析法分离(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=6:1),得油状物1.84g,为化合物5,收率68.4%。
实施例6合成过程以化合物6为例
(1)2',4'-二氟-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)苯乙酮:同实施例1。
(2)1-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1-羟基-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-乙烷:同实施例1。
(3)于125mL三颈烧瓶中加入中间体1-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1-羟基-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-乙烷1.58g(0.007mol),相转移催化剂TEBA 1.1g,2-(氯甲基)萘1.41g(0.008mol),溶剂甲苯30mL,50%NaOH 10mL,于温度100℃,反应2小时。反应结束后,分出有机层,水洗(50mL×3),无水MgSO4干燥,过滤,旋干,柱层析法分离(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=6:1),得白色粉末1.47g,为化合物6,收率57.6%。
实施例7合成过程以化合物7为例
(1)2',4'-二氟-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)苯乙酮:同实施例1。
(2)1-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1-羟基-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-乙烷:同实施例1。
(3)于125mL三颈烧瓶中加入中间体1-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1-羟基-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-乙烷1.58g(0.007mol),相转移催化剂TEBA 1.1g,对乙基氯苄1.24g(0.008mol),溶剂甲苯30mL,50%NaOH 10mL,于温度100℃,反应2小时。反应结束后,分出有机层,水洗(50mL×3),无水MgSO4干燥,过滤,旋干,柱层析法分离(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=6:1),得油状物1.40g,为化合物7,收率58.3%。
实施例8合成过程以化合物8为例
(1)2',4'-二氟-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)苯乙酮:同实施例1。
(2)1-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1-羟基-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-乙烷:同实施例1。
(3)于125mL三颈烧瓶中加入中间体1-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1-羟基-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-乙烷1.58g(0.007mol),相转移催化剂TEBA 1.1g,对叔丁基氯苄1.46g(0.008mol),溶剂甲苯30mL,50%NaOH 10mL,于温度100℃,反应2小时。反应结束后,分出有机层,水洗(50mL×3),无水MgSO4干燥,过滤,旋干,柱层析法分离(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=6:1),得油状物1.57g,为化合物8,收率60.2%。
实施例9合成过程以化合物9为例
(1)2',4'-二氟-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)苯乙酮:同实施例1。
(2)1-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1-羟基-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-乙烷:同实施例1。
(3)于125mL三颈烧瓶中加入中间体1-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1-羟基-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-乙烷1.58g(0.007mol),相转移催化剂TEBA 1.1g,对甲氧基氯苄1.25g(0.008mol),溶剂甲苯30mL,50%NaOH 10mL,于温度100℃,反应2小时。反应结束后,分出有机层,水洗(50mL×3),无水MgSO4干燥,过滤,旋干,柱层析法分离(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=6:1),得油状物1.53g,为化合物9,收率63.4%。
实施例10合成过程以化合物10为例
(1)2',4'-二氟-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)苯乙酮:同实施例1。
(2)1-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1-羟基-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-乙烷:同实施例1。
(3)于125mL三颈烧瓶中加入中间体1-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1-羟基-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-乙烷1.58g(0.007mol),相转移催化剂TEBA 1.1g,对氟氯苄1.16g(0.008mol),溶剂甲苯30mL,50%NaOH 10mL,于温度100℃,反应2小时。反应结束后,分出有机层,水洗(50mL×3),无水MgSO4干燥,过滤,旋干,柱层析法分离(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=6:1),得油状物1.43g,为化合物10,收率61.5%。
实施例11合成过程以化合物11为例
(1)2',4'-二氟-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)苯乙酮:同实施例1。
(2)1-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1-羟基-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-乙烷:同实施例1。
(3)于125mL三颈烧瓶中加入中间体1-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1-羟基-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-乙烷1.58g(0.007mol),相转移催化剂TEBA 1.1g,间氟氯苄1.16g(0.008mol),溶剂甲苯30mL,50%NaOH 10mL,于温度100℃,反应2小时。反应结束后,分出有机层,水洗(50mL×3),无水MgSO4干燥,过滤,旋干,柱层析法分离(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=6:1),得油状物1.53g,为化合物11,收率65.6%。
实施例12合成过程以化合物12为例
(1)2',4'-二氟-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)苯乙酮:同实施例1。
(2)1-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1-羟基-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-乙烷:同实施例1。
(3)于125mL三颈烧瓶中加入中间体1-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1-羟基-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-乙烷1.58g(0.007mol),相转移催化剂TEBA 1.1g,苄基氯1.01g(0.008mol),溶剂甲苯30mL,50%NaOH 10mL,于温度100℃,反应2小时。反应结束后,分出有机层,水洗(50mL×3),无水MgSO4干燥,过滤,旋干,柱层析法分离(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=6:1),得白色粉末1.34,为化合物12,收率60.6%。
实施例13合成过程以化合物13为例
(1)2',4'-二氟-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)苯乙酮:同实施例1。
(2)1-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1-羟基-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-乙烷:同实施例1。
(3)于125mL三颈烧瓶中加入中间体1-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1-羟基-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-乙烷1.58g(0.007mol),相转移催化剂TEBA 1.1g,对氰基氯苄1.21g(0.008mol),溶剂甲苯30mL,50%NaOH 10mL,于温度100℃,反应2小时。反应结束后,分出有机层,水洗(50mL×3),无水MgSO4干燥,过滤,旋干,柱层析法分离(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=6:1),得油状物1.29,为化合物13,收率54.3%。
对于本发明中的化合物,我们进行了杀菌活性试验。采用菌丝生长速率法测定化合物对多种真菌的培养皿杀菌活性,将培养好的各种病原菌,在无菌操作条件下用直径5mm的打孔器,自菌落边缘切取菌饼,用接种针将菌饼接种于含药培养基平皿中央,菌丝面向下,盖上皿盖,倒置,置于25℃培养箱中培养,待空白对照中的菌落长满至平皿面积三分之二左右时以十字交叉法测量各处理的菌落直径,每个样品重复3次,取平均值。以空白对照菌落直径和药剂处理的菌落直径的差值与空白对照菌落直径的比值计算各药剂处理对病原菌的菌丝生长抑制率。本发明的化合物对水稻纹枯、小麦赤霉、番茄早疫、西瓜枯萎、梨黑斑病、水稻稻瘟和核桃炭疽的初筛试验结果见表3,以及部分初筛高活性化合物对水稻纹枯病、小麦赤霉病和番茄早疫病的EC50值,见表4-6。
表3化合物对7种病原真菌的培养皿杀菌活性试验结果
At the concentration of 0.04mM.
表4部分化合物对水稻纹枯病病菌的EC50
表5部分化合物对小麦赤霉病病菌的EC50
表6部分化合物对番茄早疫病病菌的EC50
我们还采用盆栽法测定化合物4对小麦白粉病的防治效果,种植小麦感病品种郑麦9023,待到3叶期时第一次施药,药后24小时接种白粉病,第一次施药7天后第二次施药,末次施药后14天调查小麦白粉病发病程度,计算病情指数和防效,结果见表7。
调查每株小麦的全部叶片,每个叶片按病斑占叶面积的百分率分级记录。分级标准为:
分级方法:
0级:无病;
1级:病斑面积占整片叶面积的5%以下;
3级:病斑面积占整片叶面积的6%~15%;
5级:病斑面积占整片叶面积的16%~25%;
7级:病斑面积占整片叶面积的26%~50%
9级:病斑面积占整片叶面积的50%以上。
计算方法:
表7部分化合物对小麦白粉病的盆栽实验结果
Claims (5)
1.一类三唑类化合物,其特征在于:具有通式(I)表示的结构:
2.如权利要求1所述的一种三唑类化合物,其特征在于:通式(I)中的X为H、C1~C4的直链或者支链的烷基、卤素、硝基、氰基、苯基、三氟甲基、三氯甲基、甲氧基取代基,数量为1-3个。
3.一类三唑类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于:以2-氯-2′,4′-二氟苯乙酮,1,2,4-三唑,取代苄氯为原料进行反应,获得目标化合物,反应式如下:
4.一类三唑类化合物作为杀菌剂的用途,其特征在于:所述三唑类化合物可用来防治纹枯病、炭疽病、油菜菌核病、西瓜枯萎、小麦赤霉病、水稻稻瘟病、番茄早疫病、辣椒疫病、香蕉叶斑病、稻曲病、小麦锈病、梨树黑星病、苹果树斑点落叶病、白粉。
5.如权利要求4所述的一种三唑类化合物作为杀菌剂的用途,其特征在于:所述的纹枯病为水稻纹枯病,小麦纹枯病和玉米纹枯病;所述炭疽病为葡萄炭疽病、茶树炭疽病、辣椒炭疽病、荔枝树炭疽病、西瓜炭疽病和核桃炭疽病;所述白粉病为小麦白粉病、黄瓜白粉病和苦瓜白粉病。
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