CN108025498B - 一种涂覆流体的方法和设备 - Google Patents

一种涂覆流体的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN108025498B
CN108025498B CN201680052618.XA CN201680052618A CN108025498B CN 108025498 B CN108025498 B CN 108025498B CN 201680052618 A CN201680052618 A CN 201680052618A CN 108025498 B CN108025498 B CN 108025498B
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巴斯蒂安·荷美尔
约瑟夫·格拉吉尔
英戈·埃德雷尔
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种应用流体的设备和方法，尤其涉及一种用于制造三维物体的方法，其中配备有一涂布机(5)，其包括一刀片(1)、一流体出口和一容器(2)，其中所述刀片以一种能够以旋转运动的形式进行振动的方式在所述构造区域移动，其特征在于，所述振动是由一种线性驱动器(4)的冲程引起的。

Description

一种涂覆流体的方法和设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种应用流体的设备和方法，尤其涉及一种用于制造三维物体的方法。
背景技术
欧洲专利EP 0 431 924 B1描述了一种基于计算机数据来生成三维物体的方法。在该方法中，借助于涂布机(重涂器)将薄层颗粒材料沉积在平台上，并且借助于打印头在其上选择性地打印粘合剂材料。其上印有粘合剂的颗粒区域在粘合剂和任选的附加硬化剂的影响下粘合并固化。接下来，将构造平台下降一个层厚或者将涂布机/打印头单元升高并且涂覆新的一层颗粒材料，后者也如上所述可选择地进行印刷。重复这些步骤直到得到想要的物体的高度。因此，所述打印和固化区域形成一三维物体(模制件)。
由固化的颗粒材料制成的物体，在其制成之后被嵌入在松散的颗粒材料中，随后从该材料中释放出来。为此例如可以使用抽吸装置。这样就留下了所需的物体，然后将其上附着的粉末除去，例如手动刷掉它们。
基于粉状材料的3D打印和使用打印头引入流体是层状构造技术中最快捷的方法。
该方法能够处理处理不同的流体，例如颗粒材料，其包括例如作为非穷尽例子的天然生物原材料，聚合物塑料材料、金属、陶瓷和沙子。
其他基于粉状的快速成型处理，例如选择性激光烧结或电子束烧结，以相似的方式工作，同样一层一层地涂覆松散的颗粒材料并使用可控制的物理辐射源选择性地硬化它。
此外，还有其他方法，例如熔融沉积成型(FDM)层构造方法，其中每个部件的横截面使用一种液体介质来构造，这种液体介质会在喷嘴外固化，将构造平台的位置相对于之前的位置进行一层厚度的改变，并且重复这些步骤直到部件完成。
下面，所有这些处理将被概括成术语“3维打印方法”或“3D打印方法”。
其中一些方法使用了不同的涂层选项。在一些方法中，整个层所需要的颗粒材料被放置在薄刀片前面。然后后者在构造区域上移动，将放置在其前面的材料铺开，从而使其光滑。另一种类型的层涂覆是在刀片移动时在其面前连续放置少量颗粒材料。为此，所述刀片通常安装在可移动筒仓的下面。在所述刀片上方或旁边，提供有可调间隙，所述颗粒材料可以通过该可调间隙从筒仓中流出。通过在筒仓/刀片系统中引入振动来促进流动。
使用振动刀片功能原理的传统涂布机通常仅用于涂覆特定的材料。在这种情况下，振动由偏心机构产生。一种材料/参数的变化，例如振动幅度的变化，需要通过相当复杂的外部机构来分别对振动刀片或振动进行力学适配。在这种情况下，现有技术提供了偏心交换以改变振动的幅度。涂布机的角度可以通过旋转整个涂布机和/或通过机械地改变涂布机与偏心器之间的距离来调整。
因此，本发明的目的在于提供一能够容易地及可靠地调节振动幅度的设备和方法。本发明的另一个目的是提供一种设备和方法，所述设备和方法能够在涂布过程中可选地容易地调节涂布机的角度。
发明内容
在一个方面，本发明涉及一种通过设备将流体，尤其是用于制造三维模型的方法中的流体，涂覆到构造区域上的方法其中配备有一涂布机，其包括一刀片、一流体出口和一容器，其中刀片以一种能够以旋转运动的形式进行振动的方式在构造区域移动，其中，所述振动由一种线性驱动器的冲程来实现。
在另一个方面，本发明还涉及一种将流体，尤其是用于制造三维模型的方法中的流体，涂覆到构造区域上的设备其中配备有一涂布机，其包括一刀片、一流体出口和一容器，其中刀片以一种能够以旋转运动的形式进行振动的方式在构造区域移动，其中一线性驱动器产生冲程，所述冲程用于产生振动。
在进一步的方面，本发明涉及一种将流体的涂布机，尤其是用于制造三维模型的方法中的流体，涂覆到构造区域上的涂布机所述涂布机包括一刀片、一流体出口和一容器，其中所述刀片以一种有够以旋转运动的形式进行振动的方式在构造区域移动，其中一线性驱动器产生冲程，所述冲程用于产生振动。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明所述一种带振动刀片的涂布机在静止状态(图1a)和振动状态(图1b)下的示意图。
图2是根据本发明所述一优选的实施例的一种带振动刀片的涂布机的示意图。
图3是根据本发明所述一优选的实施例的一种带振动刀片的涂布机的示意图，其中涂布机在角度调整后以第一角度(图3a)和第二角度(图3b)示出。
图4是根据本发明所述另一优选的实施例的一种带锁定装置的涂布机的示意图。
图5是图4带锁定装置的涂布机在振动位置(图5a)和锁定位置(图5b)时的示意图。
图6是通过涂布机角度的调整流体被压实的示意图。
图7示出了涂布机在直线、垂直位置(图7a)和倾斜位置(图7b)时被填充的示意图。
图8示出了涂布机在运行状态和在提升状态的示意图。
附图标记列表：
1.刀片
2.容器
3.涂布机支点
4.冲程产生
5.涂布机
6.连接点
7.用于角度调节的驱动器移动
8.振动
9.锁定装置
10.材料锥体
600.构造区域
601.涂布机角度
602.层厚度
603.最终层厚度
801.提升距离。
具体实施方式
以下将更精确地定义几个术语。除此之外所使用的术语所具有的含义对本领域的技术人员来说是已知的。
在本发明的意义上，“3D打印方法”是现有技术中已知的所有方法，其能够在三维模具中构造部件并且与所述处理组件和设备兼容。
本发明意义上的“施加选择性粘合剂”或“施加选择性粘合剂系统”可以在施加每次颗粒材料后或不规则地，即在施加颗粒材料之后非线性及平行地进行，这取决于模制物品的要求及对模制物品生产的优化的要求。因此，“施加选择性粘合剂”或“施加选择性粘合剂系统”可以在模制物品生产过程中单独调整。
在本发明意义上的一种“模制物品”或“部件”是指通过根据本发明所述方法或/和根据本发明所述设备制造的并且表现出尺寸稳定性的所有三维物体。
用于执行根据本发明所述方法的“设备”可以是任何包括所需部件的已知3D打印设备。共同组件包括涂布机、构造区域、用于移动构造区域或其他部件的装置、一计量设备和加热装置及其他本领域技术人员已知的部件，将不会在这里进行详细讨论。
作为“流体”，用于3D打印而已知的所有流动材料都可以被使用，特别是以粉末、熔渣或液体的形式。这些流体可以包括例如沙子、陶瓷粉末、玻璃粉和其他的无机材料粉末、金属粉末、塑料材料、木材颗粒、纤维材料、纤维素或/和乳糖粉末，以及其他类型的有机、粉状材料。颗粒材料优选为干燥状态时可以自由流动的粉末，但也可以使用粘合的耐切割的粉末。这种粘合性也可以由添加粘合剂材料或辅助材料引起。
一“构造区域”为平面或者在广义上是指几何位置，在构造过程中通过用颗粒材料反复涂覆而在其上或其中不断垒高颗粒材料层。所述构造区域通常由底部即构造平台和墙及一开放的顶部表面即构造平面组成。
所述“打印头”由各种组件组成。这些组件包括打印模块，所述打印模块与打印头对齐。所述打印头与机械对齐。这能够使喷嘴的位置通过机器的坐标系来指定。
“涂布机”或“重涂器”指的是通过其将流体涂覆到构造区域中或构造区域上的单元。所述单元可以由流体容器及流体涂覆单元组成，其中，根据本发明，所述流体单元包括一流体出口及一涂覆刀片。
本发明意义上的一“刀片”、“振动刀片”或“涂覆刀片”指的是使涂覆的流体变平的部件。
本发明意义上的一“流体出口”指的是开口，通过该开头所述流体被涂覆于所述构造区域上。所述“流体出口”包括至少一个排料缺口，但也可以包括多个排料缺口。所述“流体出口”可以和一个或两个流体容器优选地形成一个单元。
在这种情况下，所述“容器”或“流体容器”指的是接收流体的容器。这种容器可以在所述刀片振动时被配置成振动或不振动。在某些实施例中，所述刀片构成了容器的一部分。
一“线性驱动器”被理解为一个用于产生刀片振动的驱动器，并且所述刀片的附着点实现一种相互之间近似线性的振动移动。
所述“冲程”被理解为所述驱动器的最大线性移动。根据本发明，这种移动会产生振动的振幅。优选地，所述冲程还能够分别地实现所述涂覆刀片或涂布机的角度调节，或者可选地关闭所述流体出口。
本发明意义上的“角度调节”指的是在构造区域和涂覆刀片之间的角度调节，并且“涂布机角度”指的是构造现场的法线与连接支点和刀片的线所包围的角度。所述涂布机靠近这条作为零线的线振动。
本发明意义上的旋转运动形式的振动是刀片或涂覆刀片通过一个支点的移动，所述移动优选地由一种驱动器产生。
以下将对本发明各方面进行说明。
在一个方面，本发明涉及一种通过设备将流体，尤其是用于制造三维模型物体的方法中的流体，涂覆到构造区域上的方法其中配置有一涂布机，其包括一带流体出口和一容器的刀片，及其中所述刀片通过一种旋转运动的形式实现振动的方式在所述构造区域移动，及其中，所述振动通过一线性驱动器产生冲程来实现。
使用本发明所述的一种方法，所述刀片的振动范围被延伸。这是通过使用一可以以自由可控/可调节的方式产生线性冲程的线性驱动器实现的。
所述冲程的自由可控/可调节能够容易地调节振动的振幅。为此，现有技术涂布机需要复杂的运动学或修改的连接(如偏心)。
根据本发明一优选的实施例，所述驱动器可以产生至少3倍的振动振幅的冲程，在这种情况下，所述冲程能够容易地调节以产生更大振动振幅，尽管其也可以分别地实现涂覆刀片或涂布机的角度调节，或可选地关闭流体出口。
根据本发明所述的一种方法，所述冲程优选地通过电、电动、静电、气动、液压和/或机械方式产生。其也可以通过使用机械杠杆系统来完成。
根据本发明所述一实施例，至少在一个支轴上完成所述涂布机与所述设备的连接。这样的一个实施例已经证明是有利的因为其能够相对容易地产生振动。
根据本发明所述方法，优选地在不移动任何连接点的情况下并且可选地甚至在涂覆过程中实现相对于构造区域的涂布机角度的调节。所述涂布机角度的调节在这里可以通过改变所述驱动器的起始位置来实现。
这是有利的，因为涂布机相对于构造区域的角度对涂覆效果是非常重要的并且还需要适用于不同的材料。在现有技术的涂布机中，整个涂布机需要旋转以调整它或者需要移动连接点。
根据本发明一优选实施例，涂布机角度的调节现也可以在设备运行或涂覆过程中执行。
根据本发明，通过选择大冲程，甚至可以通过旋转刀片使涂覆刀片离开构造区域。这既不要求任何额外的升起设备也不要求降低构造区域来达到足够的距离。
根据本发明所述一特别优选的实施例，涂覆可以在两个移动方向上进行。这是因为能够容易地调节涂覆角度，因此便于根据移动方向来调节涂布机的角度，从而能够在两个方向上涂覆。
在另一个方面，本发明还涉及一种将流体，尤其是用于制造三维模型物体的方法中的流体，涂覆到构造区域上的设备，其中配置有一涂布机，其包括一刀片、一流体出口和一容器，其中所述刀片可以通过以一种旋转运动的形式来实现振动的方式在所述构造区域移动，并且其中一线性驱动器产生冲程，所述冲程用于产生所述振动。
所述驱动器优选地设置成产生至少3倍的振动振幅的冲程。
所述冲程可以通过电、电动、静电、气动、液压和/或机构系统的方式产生。
所述涂布机优选地以至少一个支点与所述设备相连。
根据本发明所述另一个优选实施例，用相对于所述刀片的辅助件来关闭最大振幅的外部区域中的涂布机的开口，所述辅助件与所述驱动器相对。因此，通过旋转所述涂布机来关闭所述涂布的开口是可能的，从而能够在特定的位置进行选择性的涂覆和/或防止容器的意外泄漏。
在另一个方面，本发明涉及一种将流体，尤其是用于制造三维模型物体的方法中的流体，涂覆到构造区域上的涂布机上其中所述涂布机包括一刀片和一容器，并且其中所述刀片可以通过一种旋转运动的形式来实现振动的方式在所述构造区域移动，其中一线性驱动器产生冲程，所述冲程用于产生所述振动。
以下将对优选实施例进行描述。
下面结合代表优选实施例的例子，对本发明进行详细说明。
图1示出了根据现有技术的一带有振动刀片的涂布机在静止状态和在振动状态下的示意图。
一涂布机5包括一刀片1；一流体出口；一容器2，所述涂布机5通过一连接6，一支点3与一设备相连，用于制造三维模型部件。图1a示出了静止状态及图1b示出了振动状态。所述振动的振幅通过偏心机构来确定。由于所述振动是相对较小的，所以一个小移动振幅是通过偏心机构来设置的。
图2表示根据本发明一优选实施例的一带有振动刀片1涂布机5示意图。在示出的实施例中，所述涂布机5也同样与所述设备通过支点3相连。所述容器2设置于所述刀片1的上方及，根据该实施例，与所述刀片1一起振动。现在，所述冲程通过一线性驱动器4来产生，所述线性驱动器4又分别地依次通过一支点6与所述刀片1或所述涂布机5相连。刺激驱动器4能够相对容易地产生不同选择的振动，从而使振动的范围扩大。
根据本文所示的该实施例，任何设置在所述支点3下的部件都振动。因此，所述容器2和所述刀片1振动。根据本发明，所述容器2的振动不是完全必须的。然而，一种所述容器2的振动可以使流体达到更好的流化。
图3示出了根据本发明一优选实施例的一带振动刀片的涂布机的示意图。在该图中，涂布机在角度调节后以第一角度(图3a)和第二角度(图3b)示出。显而易见的是，两个实施例的振动移动是相同的。这些振动移动是相对小的移动8。为了分别调节所述刀片1或涂布机5的角度，可以执行大驱动器运动7，然后在其周围的振动器依次振动。在这种情况下，所述支点3负责引导并稳定刀片移动。其刚度和移动的自由度对涂覆结果有实质性的影响。
图4是根据本发明另一优选的实施例一带锁定装置9的涂布机5示意图。图5是图4带锁定装置的涂布机在振动位置(图5a)和锁定位置(图5b)时的示意图。
由于线性驱动器4有冲程相对较大的可能性，所述涂布机5可以向左旋转到能够使其在“锁定位置”9被锁住的左侧。
图6示出了所述流体通过所述涂布机角度的调节被压实的示意图。在这种情况下，所述流体从位于所述刀片2上方的所述容器1中流出，到位于所述刀片下方的构造区域600上，并通过以涂布机角度601倾斜的刀片，从原始层厚602被压实到最终层厚度603。
根据本发明，实现涂布机的填充的改进是可能的。图7示出了涂布机在直线、垂直位置(图7a)和倾斜位置(图7b)时被填充的示意图。
已经证实，通过在填充期间选择性倾斜容器2，所述容器中的材料锥体可以被改变，使得其在随后的涂覆位置的直线化之后，材料锥体10具有一个更好的形状，从而显著得缩小流化(通过接通涂布机5)之后颗粒流出容器边缘的不良效果。
通过容器2在倾斜位置的短暂的初始振动，另外还可以在涂布机5返回其用于涂覆(图7)的角度位置之前进一步优化材料锥体10和/或丢弃一些颗粒材料。
如图8所示，例如通过旋转刀片将所述涂覆刀片2从构造区域600提升一段距离。在图8的左侧，所述涂布机5在运行，并且右侧为在提升状态下的涂布机5。在传统的涂布机中，这需要一提升设备或降低构造区域以达到足够的距离。根据优选的实施例，所述刀片1可以通过所述驱动器轻微地旋转，直到离所述区域600达到一定距离801。

Claims (16)

1.一种通过设备将流体涂覆到构造区域上的方法，其中配备有一涂布机，其包括一刀片、一流体出口和一容器，其中所述刀片以一种能够以旋转运动的形式进行振动的方式在所述构造区域移动，其特征在于，所述振动是由一种线性驱动器的冲程引起的；
至少在一个支点上进行所述涂布机和所述设备的连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述流体是用于制作三维成型的物体的方法中的流体。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述驱动器可以产生至少3倍的振动的振幅的冲程。
4.根据前面所述权利要求中的任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述驱动器的冲程是通过电、气动、液压和/或机械方式产生的。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在不移动任何连接点的情况下实现相对于构造区域的涂布机角度的调节。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，在不移动任何连接点的情况下并且在涂覆过程中实现相对于构造区域的涂布机角度的调节。
7.根据权利要求5所述方法，其特征在于，涂布机角度的调节是通过移动所述驱动器的起始位置来实现的。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，可以在两个运动方向上进行涂覆。
9.一种将流体涂覆到构造区域上的设备，其中配备有一涂布机，其包括一刀片、一流体出口和一容器，其中所述刀片以一种能够以旋转运动的形式进行振动的方式在所述构造区域移动，其特征在于，一线性驱动器产生冲程，所述冲程用于产生所述振动；至少在一个支点上进行所述涂布机和所述设备的连接。
10.根据权利要求9所述的设备，其特征在于，所述流体是用于制作三维成型的物体的方法中的流体。
11.根据权利要求9所述的设备，其特征在于，所述驱动器可以产生至少3倍于振动的振幅的冲程，更优选的特征在于，提供电、电动、静电、气动、液压和/或机械系统来产生冲程，更优选的特征在于，所述涂布机用至少一个支轴与所述设备相连，更优选的特征在于，用相对于所述刀片的辅助件来关闭最大振幅的外部区域中的涂布机的开口，所述辅助件与所述驱动器相对。
12.根据权利要求9所述的设备，其特征在于，提供电、气动、液压和/或机械系统来产生冲程。
13.根据权利要求9所述的设备，其特征在于，所述涂布机用至少一个支轴与所述设备相连。
14.根据权利要求9所述的设备，其特征在于，用相对于所述刀片的辅助件来关闭最大振幅的外部区域中的涂布机的开口，所述辅助件与所述驱动器相对。
15.一种通过设备将流体涂覆到构造区域上的涂布机，所述涂布机包括一刀片、一流体出口和一容器，其中所述刀片以一种能够以旋转运动的形式进行振动的方式在所述构造区域移动，其特征在于，一线性驱动器产生冲程，所述冲程用于产生振动；至少在一个支点上进行所述涂布机和所述设备的连接。
16.根据权利要求15所述的涂布机，其特征在于，所述流体是用于制作三维成型的物体的方法中的流体。
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