CN108023178B - directional diagram reconfigurable antenna and phased array thereof - Google Patents
directional diagram reconfigurable antenna and phased array thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108023178B CN108023178B CN201711248743.0A CN201711248743A CN108023178B CN 108023178 B CN108023178 B CN 108023178B CN 201711248743 A CN201711248743 A CN 201711248743A CN 108023178 B CN108023178 B CN 108023178B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/24—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
- H01Q3/247—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching by switching different parts of a primary active element
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
Abstract
the invention discloses a directional diagram reconfigurable antenna and a phased array thereof, and belongs to the technical field of microwave antennas. The invention provides a directional pattern reconfigurable antenna based on a slotted sector patch, the antenna can realize four modes of radiation directional patterns through a reconfigurable feed network, the beam scanning in the azimuth plane is realized, the directional pattern reconfigurable antenna is utilized to carry out reasonable array combination, and the directional pattern can carry out one-dimensional and two-dimensional large-angle beam scanning in the elevation plane. The invention has simple and novel structure and convenient array, and can be widely applied to the fields of mobile communication, satellite communication, radar and the like.
Description
Technical Field
the invention belongs to the technical field of microwave antennas, and particularly relates to a directional diagram reconfigurable antenna and a phased array thereof.
background
The phased array antenna has the characteristic of fast beam scanning, so that the phased array antenna has irreplaceable effects in the fields of radar detection, satellite communication and the like. However, the equipment of phased array antenna systems is complex and the currently common phased array antennas have a limited scanning range, typically limited to ± 50 °. If omnidirectional space detection is required, a plurality of array surface antennas are required to be configured in the system, so that the post-processing complexity and the engineering cost of the phased array system are increased. Therefore, a planar phased array antenna having a large angle scanning characteristic has become a research focus in the field of today's phased array antennas.
The concept of reconfigurable antenna was first proposed by d.schaubert in its patent, and in 1999, with the subsidy of the re-configurable aperture plan (RECAP) of the united states defense advanced program, the reconfigurable antenna technology has developed to some extent, but is limited to theoretical research. With the development of related technologies such as a PCB (printed circuit board) manufacturing technology, a switching technology and the like in recent years, more and more reconfigurable antennas realize the reconfiguration of antenna parameters by electrically changing the switching state by utilizing the loading of devices such as PIN (personal identification number) diodes, variable capacitance diodes, MEMS (micro-electromechanical systems) switches and the like, so that the application field of the reconfigurable technology is expanded. The research of the domestic reconfigurable antenna technology is mainly developed by a professor team in the Wang of electronic technology university at the early stage of twenty-first century, and the theory and technology of the reconfigurable antenna are developed to the present, and the reconfigurable antenna technology is mature and widely applied, such as a satellite communication system, a mobile communication system, electronic information, radar, Ground Moving Target Identification (GMTI) and the like.
because the common patch antenna is limited by self radiation beams, the best scanning angle range of a phased array is limited within +/-45 degrees, so that in order to realize the phased array antenna with large-angle scanning, the literature 'research on the phased array large-angle scanning characteristics based on a directional diagram reconfigurable technology' discloses a research scheme of planar phased array large-angle scanning introducing the directional diagram reconfigurable technology, and experiments prove that the scheme can realize the large-angle scanning of +/-75 degrees. From this point on, research on the directional diagram reconfigurable technology in large-angle scanning is rapidly developed.
The document 'An Azimuth-Pattern-configurable Antenna with Enhanced Gain and Front-to-Back Ratio' discloses a Reconfigurable Antenna, wherein four working modes are realized by reconfiguring a feed network, and meanwhile, working units of An artificial structure at the bottom layer of a dielectric substrate are changed, so that the directivity can be Enhanced and the radiation Gain can be improved to different degrees; however, the antenna has a complex overall structure, a large size, a large number of required switches and a complicated state for controlling the switches.
The document 'Compact Pattern-Reconfigurable monomer Antenna Using Parasitic Strips' discloses a directional Pattern Reconfigurable Antenna, wherein the positions or the number of reflectors and directors are changed by changing the on-off states of PIN diodes, so that the radiation direction of the Antenna is changed, the radiation directional Pattern is deflected to different directions, and eight modes of radiation beams of the azimuth plane are realized; however, the antenna structure is a three-dimensional structure, and has a large volume, poor matching performance, large central frequency offset and a complex external bias circuit.
the document 2-D Planar Beam-antenna Based on Beam-Beam Elements discloses a Phased Array antenna, which changes the current distribution by using the strong electromagnetic coupling effect between a radiation Array and a parasitic layer and reconstructing the pixel structure of the parasitic layer, thereby widening the Beam width of an Array antenna unit and realizing two-dimensional large-Angle Scanning of the Phased Array antenna; however, the phased array antenna array has a high profile, a large volume, a low radiation gain of the array antenna unit, and a complex design of a parasitic layer, and can be realized only by an optimization algorithm.
The document "a Novel Wide-Angle Scanning Phased Array Based on Dual-Mode Pattern-Reconfigurable Elements" discloses a Phased Array antenna, which can realize one-dimensional large-Angle Scanning of a Phased Array from-81 degrees to +81 degrees by controlling the working Mode of a Reconfigurable unit; however, the array antenna reconfigurable unit has large frequency offset of different working modes, and the array antenna unit has low radiation gain and can only realize one-dimensional scanning.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a directional diagram reconfigurable antenna and a phased array thereof.
the technical problem proposed by the invention is solved as follows:
A directional diagram reconfigurable antenna comprises four sector radiation patches 1, 2, 3 and 4, four rectangular parasitic patches 5, 6, 7 and 8, a circular parasitic patch 9, a first dielectric substrate 16, a metal floor 15, a second dielectric substrate 14, four feed probes 10, 11, 12 and 13 and a feed network 17; each fan-shaped radiation patch is provided with two gaps; the four fan-shaped radiation patches and the four rectangular parasitic patches are arranged in a crossed manner at equal intervals; the circular parasitic patch is positioned in the center of the four fan-shaped radiating patches; the four rectangular parasitic patches are arranged in parallel with the periphery of the first dielectric substrate 16; four fan-shaped radiating patches 1, 2, 3 and 4, four rectangular parasitic patches 5, 6, 7 and 8 and a circular parasitic patch 9 are all positioned on the upper surface of the first medium substrate 16; the metal floor 15 is positioned on the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate 16 and on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 14; the feed network 17 is positioned on the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate 14; the four feed probes 10, 11, 12 and 13 extend out from a feed network 17, penetrate through a first dielectric substrate 16, a metal floor 15 and a second dielectric substrate 14 and are respectively connected with the four fan-shaped radiation patches 1, 2, 3 and 4;
The feed network 17 comprises three microstrip lines 33, 34, 35, four feed branches 36, 37, 38, 39, six PIN diode switches 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, four capacitors 29, 30, 31, 32, five inductors 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, five direct current bias lines P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5; the first microstrip line 33 is connected with the second microstrip line 35 and the third microstrip line 34 through the first PIN diode switch 18 and the second PIN diode switch 19 respectively; the four feeding branches are respectively arranged on two sides of the first microstrip line 33 and are distributed in mirror symmetry; the first microstrip line 33 is connected with the first dc bias line P1 through the fifth inductor 28; the second microstrip line 35 is connected with the first feeding branch 36 and the second feeding branch 37 through the third PIN diode switch 20, the first capacitor 29, the fourth PIN diode switch 21 and the second capacitor 30 respectively; the third microstrip line 34 is connected with the third feeding branch 38 and the fourth feeding branch 39 through the sixth PIN diode switch 23, the third capacitor 31, the fifth PIN diode switch 22 and the fourth capacitor 32 respectively; a second direct current bias line P2 is connected between the third PIN diode switch 20 and the first capacitor 29 through the first inductor 24; a third direct current bias line P3 is connected between the fourth PIN diode switch 21 and the second capacitor 30 through a second inductor 25; a fourth direct current bias line P4 is connected between the sixth PIN diode switch 23 and the third capacitor 31 through a third inductor 26; a fifth direct current bias line P5 is connected between the fifth PIN diode switch 22 and the fourth capacitor 32 through a fourth inductor 27;
The first feed probe 10 is connected to the end of the first feed branch 36, the second feed probe 11 is connected to the end of the fourth feed branch 39, the third feed probe 12 is connected to the end of the third feed branch 38, and the fourth feed probe 13 is connected to the end of the second feed branch 37;
the positions of the positive and negative electrodes of the direct current bias voltages connected with the four groups of direct current bias lines P1 and P2, P1 and P3, P1 and P4, and P1 and P5 are changed, so that the on-off states of the four groups of switches 18 and 20, 18 and 21, 19 and 23, 19 and 22 are changed, the working states of the feed probes 10, 11, 12 and 13 are changed, different fan-shaped radiation patches are excited, and four working modes of the antenna are obtained;
a large-angle scanning phased array of a directional diagram reconfigurable antenna rotates a radiation patch and a feed structure of the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna anticlockwise by 32 degrees and uses the radiation patch and the feed structure as a unit antenna; the feed structure of the unit antenna adopts a feed network 17 or coaxial feed; the unit antennas are arranged in a one-dimensional linear or two-dimensional planar array.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The directional diagram reconfigurable antenna adopts the design that an excitation patch is separated from a feed network; the feed network is arranged on the back of the bottom dielectric substrate, so that the influence of the bias circuit on the radiation performance of the antenna can be reduced, and the feed position can be conveniently changed; directional diagrams of four modes can be obtained by controlling the on-off state of a switch of the feed network, so that the beam is covered in all directions on the azimuth plane of the upper half space; the working frequency of the antenna is basically kept unchanged in different modes, and directional diagram beams can be deflected to different directions according to requirements; compared with a common directional diagram reconfigurable antenna, the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna has higher gain; the antenna has novel and simple structure, small volume, light weight and easy processing and integration;
(2) The radiation patch of the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna is of a sector structure, and the size of the antenna can be reduced by forming slots with different numbers or different shapes on the patch, so that the array interval is reduced, and the radiation grating lobe of the array is reduced;
(3) In the directional diagram reconfigurable array, the reconfigurable unit rotates anticlockwise by a certain angle, so that the radiation directional diagram of the reconfigurable unit deflects to an XOZ or YOZ plane; the radiation gain of the antenna unit is high, so that the radiation gain of the array can be improved;
(4) The design of the array units adopts the double-layer dielectric plate, so that the coupling effect among the array units can be reduced, and good matching can be kept during angle scanning;
(5) The directional diagram reconfigurable antenna can adopt the design of a single-layer dielectric plate, and the coaxial feed replaces a feed network, so that the high-gain and the omni-directional coverage of the wave beam in the upper half space can be realized, and the complexity of the antenna is reduced;
(6) The main radiation beams of the reconfigurable antenna unit are respectively deflected to the XOZ plane and the YOZ plane, and good one-dimensional and two-dimensional phased array large-angle scanning can be realized through a reasonable array.
drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna feed network according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional radiation pattern of four modes of operation, wherein (a) the LD mode; (b) LU mode; (c) an RD mode; (d) RU mode;
FIG. 4 is a graph of four operating modes of the reconfigurable antenna, wherein (a) the azimuth plane radiation pattern, (b) S 11 is plotted against frequency;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a linear arrangement structure of the phased array according to the second embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an array unit in the phased array according to the second embodiment;
Fig. 7 is a diagram of operating characteristics of four operating modes of the unit antenna in the second embodiment, in which (a) a directional pattern in the LD mode, (b) a directional pattern in the LU mode, (c) a directional pattern in the RD mode, (d) a directional pattern in the RU mode, (e) a variation of S 11 with frequency is illustrated;
FIG. 8 is a graph of the linear array scanning characteristics of the second embodiment, wherein (a) the S 11 of each antenna element varies with frequency at a scanning angle of-74 °, (b) the YOZ negative half-plane angle scan variation in RD mode;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a planar two-dimensional phased array structure according to the third embodiment;
Fig. 10 is a diagram of scanning characteristics of the phased array according to the third embodiment, wherein (a) the YOZ negative half-plane angle scan and (b) the variation of S 11 is obtained when the scan angle theta is-74 °.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
The structure diagram of the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna is shown in fig. 1, and the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna comprises four sector radiation patches 1, 2, 3 and 4, four rectangular parasitic patches 5, 6, 7 and 8, a circular parasitic patch 9, a first dielectric substrate 16, a metal floor 15, a second dielectric substrate 14, four feed probes 10, 11, 12 and 13 and a feed network 17; each fan-shaped radiation patch is provided with two gaps; the four fan-shaped radiation patches and the four rectangular parasitic patches are arranged in a crossed manner at equal intervals; the circular parasitic patch is positioned in the center of the four fan-shaped radiating patches; the four rectangular parasitic patches are arranged in parallel with the periphery of the first dielectric substrate 16;
Four fan-shaped radiating patches 1, 2, 3 and 4, four rectangular parasitic patches 5, 6, 7 and 8 and a circular parasitic patch 9 are all positioned on the upper surface of the first medium substrate 16; the metal floor 15 is positioned on the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate 16 and on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 14; the feed network 17 is positioned on the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate 14; the four feed probes 10, 11, 12 and 13 extend out from a feed network 17, penetrate through a first dielectric substrate 16, a metal floor 15 and a second dielectric substrate 14 and are respectively connected with the four fan-shaped radiation patches 1, 2, 3 and 4;
the structure of the feed network 17 is shown in fig. 2, and includes three microstrip lines 33, 34, 35, four feed branches 36, 37, 38, 39, six PIN diode switches 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, four capacitors 29, 30, 31, 32, five inductors 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, five dc bias lines P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5; the first microstrip line 33 is connected with the second microstrip line 35 and the third microstrip line 34 through the first PIN diode switch 18 and the second PIN diode switch 19 respectively; the four feeding branches are respectively arranged on two sides of the first microstrip line 33 and are distributed in mirror symmetry; the first microstrip line 33 is connected with the first dc bias line P1 through the fifth inductor 28; the second microstrip line 35 is connected with the first feeding branch 36 and the second feeding branch 37 through the third PIN diode switch 20, the first capacitor 29, the fourth PIN diode switch 21 and the second capacitor 30 respectively; the third microstrip line 34 is connected with the third feeding branch 38 and the fourth feeding branch 39 through the sixth PIN diode switch 23, the third capacitor 31, the fifth PIN diode switch 22 and the fourth capacitor 32 respectively; a second direct current bias line P2 is connected between the third PIN diode switch 20 and the first capacitor 29 through the first inductor 24; a third direct current bias line P3 is connected between the fourth PIN diode switch 21 and the second capacitor 30 through a second inductor 25; a fourth direct current bias line P4 is connected between the sixth PIN diode switch 23 and the third capacitor 31 through a third inductor 26; a fifth direct current bias line P5 is connected between the fifth PIN diode switch 22 and the fourth capacitor 32 through a fourth inductor 27;
the first feed probe 10 is connected to the end of the first feed branch 36, the second feed probe 11 is connected to the end of the fourth feed branch 39, the third feed probe 12 is connected to the end of the third feed branch 38, and the fourth feed probe 13 is connected to the end of the second feed branch 37;
The positions of the positive and negative electrodes of the direct current bias voltages connected with the four groups of direct current bias lines P1 and P2, P1 and P3, P1 and P4, and P1 and P5 are changed, so that the on-off states of the four groups of switches 18 and 20, 18 and 21, 19 and 23, 19 and 22 are changed, the working states of the feed probes 10, 11, 12 and 13 are changed, different fan-shaped radiation patches are excited, and four working modes of the antenna are obtained.
Example one
the dielectric substrate adopted in the embodiment is polytetrafluoroethylene (F4BM) with a relative dielectric constant of 4.4; the radius of the fan-shaped radiating patch is approximately equal to 0.7 waveguide wavelengths, the angle of the fan-shaped radiating patch is 90 °, and the area of a single fan-shaped radiating patch is approximately 0.324 waveguide wavelength squared.
The feeding ports of the antenna according to the present embodiment in four operating modes are shown in the following table:
And a mode LD: the coaxial probe 12 is fed, the switches 18 and 21 are turned on, the switches 19, 20, 22 and 23 are turned off, the radiation pattern is deviated to phi which is 164 degrees, the angle theta of the normal direction of the deviation unit is 30 degrees, the maximum radiation gain is 7.2dBi, the 3dB beam coverage range is in phi which is 164 degrees, the theta is from-10.2 degrees to 60.0 degrees, the central frequency is 5.3GHz, and the-10 dB bandwidth range is 5.147-5.417 GHz;
the mode LU: coaxial probe 11 feeds, switches 18, 20 are on, switches 19, 21, 22 and 23 are off, the radiation pattern is biased phi to 26 ° and theta to 24 °; the maximum radiation gain is 7.08dBi, the 3dB wave beam coverage range is a 26-degree surface at phi, theta is from-7.2 degrees to 58.3 degrees, the central frequency is 5.3GHz, and the-10 dB bandwidth range is 5.16-5.41 GHz;
Mode RD: the coaxial probe 13 is fed, switches 19, 23 are on, switches 18, 20, 21 and 22 are off, the radiation pattern is deflected in the direction phi of 12 ° by an angle theta of-30 °; the maximum radiation gain is 7.24dBi, the 3dB wave beam coverage range is a 12-degree surface at phi, theta is from-66.4 degrees to 3.5 degrees, the central frequency is 5.3GHz, and the-10 dB bandwidth range is 5.09-5.54 GHz;
Mode RU: the coaxial probe 10 is fed, the switches 19 and 22 are turned on, the switches 18, 20, 21 and 23 are turned off, the radiation pattern is deviated towards phi which is 158 degrees, the deviation angle theta which is-24 degrees, the maximum radiation gain is 7.09dBi, the 3dB wave beam coverage range is on phi which is 158 degrees, the theta is from-58.9 degrees to 7.8 degrees, the central frequency is 5.3GHz, and the-10 dB bandwidth range is 5.16 GHz to 5.41 GHz;
The three-dimensional radiation patterns of the four modes are shown in fig. 3, and the radiation patterns of the S-parameters and the azimuth plane of the four modes are shown in fig. 4.
example two
The present embodiment provides a directional pattern reconfigurable linear phased array, a schematic structural diagram of which is shown in fig. 5, in order to deflect a radiation pattern of a reconfigurable antenna element to an XOZ plane or a YOZ plane, the antenna described in the first embodiment is rotated counterclockwise by 32 °, and the antenna is used as an element antenna; in the feed structure of this embodiment, the feed network is replaced by coaxial feed, in order to achieve good matching, the feed probe needs to deviate from the edge point of the sector patch by a certain distance, the structure of the antenna unit is shown in fig. 6, and the three-dimensional radiation pattern of the S parameter and the resonant frequency point is shown in fig. 7. The radiation patterns of the four modes LU, LD, RU and RD of the antenna unit deviate from the normal direction by 30 degrees and have good matching performance.
the unit antennas are linearly arranged in a 1 x 5 array along the y axis, the interval d s between the unit antennas is about 0.71 wavelength, the edge interval between the unit antennas is about 0.035 wavelength, the dielectric substrate adopted by the embodiment is polytetrafluoroethylene (F4BM) with the relative dielectric constant of 4.4, and one-dimensional large-angle scanning of a YOZ plane can be realized by changing the working mode of reconfigurable units in the array.
When the array carries out angle scanning on a YOZ plane, the unit antennas of the array work in an RD mode; when the YOZ plane is scanned, because the modes RD and LU are rotationally symmetric and the radiation patterns are mirror-symmetric, the second embodiment of the present invention only studies the negative half-plane scanning of the YOZ plane of the linear array, that is, all the working modes of the corresponding array reconfigurable antenna units are RD modes. When the positive half space of the YOZ plane needs to be scanned, the pattern of the array units is in the LU mode.
The angle scanning range of the YOZ negative half-space and the corresponding S 11 change of the array antenna unit at the maximum scanning angle are shown in FIG. 8, the main beam scanning range of the array is-2 degrees to-74 degrees, the 3dB beam coverage range is from-87 degrees to 5 degrees, the maximum radiation gain is 12.295dBi, when the scanning angle reaches the maximum value of-74 degrees, the radiation gain is 11.175dBi, the gain fluctuation range is less than 1.12dB, and the center frequency is 5.28GHz (S 11 < -15dB), so that the antenna has good radiation and matching characteristics.
EXAMPLE III
The present embodiment provides a directional diagram reconfigurable planar two-dimensional phased array, a schematic structural diagram of which is shown in fig. 9, and an antenna element of the directional diagram reconfigurable planar two-dimensional phased array adopts the antenna element described in the second embodiment and also adopts coaxial feeding; arranging the unit antennas in a two-dimensional array of 5 x 5, the unit antennas being spaced apart by approximately 0.71 wavelengths and the unit antennas being spaced apart by approximately 0.035 wavelengths at their edges; the dielectric substrate adopted in the embodiment is polytetrafluoroethylene (F4BM) with a relative dielectric constant of 4.4; by controlling the working mode of the reconfigurable unit in the array, two-dimensional large-angle scanning of the XOZ plane and the YOZ plane can be realized.
when all the elements of the planar two-dimensional array are in the RD mode, the angular scanning at the negative half-plane of YOZ can be realized, the S parameter of the angular scanning range corresponding to the maximum scanning angle is shown in FIG. 10, the negative half-plane scanning angle of YOZ of the two-dimensional array is from-87 degrees to 5 degrees, the good matching can be realized, and when the scanning angle theta is-74 degrees, S 11 is < -15 dB.
when the positive half space of the YOZ plane needs to be scanned, the working modes of the planar two-dimensional array unit are all in an LU mode; when the negative half space of the XOZ plane is scanned, the working modes of the array units are all in an LD mode; when the positive half space of the XOZ plane is scanned, the working modes of the array units are all in RU mode.
because the radiation patterns of the array units are in mirror symmetry (RD and LU, LD and RU), and the whole arrangement structure of the planar two-dimensional array of the third embodiment of the invention is square, when the positive half space of the YOZ plane, the negative half space of the XOZ plane and the positive half space of the XOZ plane are respectively scanned, the scanning performance same as that of the negative half space of the YOZ plane can be realized.
Claims (4)
1. a directional diagram reconfigurable antenna is characterized by comprising four fan-shaped radiating patches (1, 2, 3 and 4), four rectangular parasitic patches (5, 6, 7 and 8), a circular parasitic patch (9), a first dielectric substrate (16), a metal floor (15), a second dielectric substrate (14), four feeding probes (10, 11, 12 and 13) and a feeding structure; each fan-shaped radiation patch is provided with two gaps; the four fan-shaped radiation patches and the four rectangular parasitic patches are arranged in a crossed manner at equal intervals; the circular parasitic patch is positioned in the center of the four fan-shaped radiating patches; the four rectangular parasitic patches are arranged in parallel with the periphery of the first medium substrate (16); four fan-shaped radiation patches (1, 2, 3 and 4), four rectangular parasitic patches (5, 6, 7 and 8) and a circular parasitic patch (9) are all positioned on the upper surface of a first medium substrate (16); the metal floor (15) is positioned on the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate (16) and on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate (14); the feed structure is positioned on the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate (14); the four feed probes (10, 11, 12 and 13) extend out of the feed structure, penetrate through the first dielectric substrate (16), the metal floor (15) and the second dielectric substrate (14) and are respectively connected with the four fan-shaped radiation patches (1, 2, 3 and 4);
The feed structure is a feed network (17), and the feed network (17) comprises three microstrip lines (33, 34, 35), four feed branches (36, 37, 38, 39), six PIN diode switches (18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23), four capacitors (29, 30, 31, 32), five inductors (24, 25, 26, 27, 28) and five direct current bias lines; the first microstrip line (33) is respectively connected with the second microstrip line (35) and the third microstrip line (34) through a first PIN diode switch (18) and a second PIN diode switch (19); the four feed branches are respectively arranged on two sides of the first microstrip line (33) and are distributed in mirror symmetry; the first microstrip line (33) is connected with the first direct current bias line through a fifth inductor (28); the second microstrip line (35) is connected with the first feed branch (36) through a third PIN diode switch (20) and a first capacitor (29); the second microstrip line (35) is connected with the second feed branch (37) through a fourth PIN diode switch (21) and a second capacitor (30); the third microstrip line (34) is connected with the third feed branch (38) through a sixth PIN diode switch (23) and a third capacitor (31); the third microstrip line (34) is connected with the fourth feed branch (39) through a fifth PIN diode switch (22) and a fourth capacitor (32); a second direct current bias line is connected between the third PIN diode switch (20) and the first capacitor (29) through a first inductor (24); a third direct current bias line is connected between the fourth PIN diode switch (21) and the second capacitor (30) through a second inductor (25); a fourth direct current bias line is connected between the sixth PIN diode switch (23) and the third capacitor (31) through a third inductor (26); a fifth direct current bias line is connected between the fifth PIN diode switch (22) and the fourth capacitor (32) through a fourth inductor (27);
The first feed probe (10) is connected with the end of the first feed branch (36), the second feed probe (11) is connected with the end of the fourth feed branch (39), the third feed probe (12) is connected with the end of the third feed branch (38), and the fourth feed probe (13) is connected with the end of the second feed branch (37).
2. The directional diagram reconfigurable antenna according to claim 1, wherein the on-off states of the four sets of switches are changed by changing positions of four sets of direct current bias lines connecting positive and negative poles of direct current bias voltages, the four sets of direct current bias lines being a first direct current bias line and a second direct current bias line, the first direct current bias line and a third direct current bias line, the first direct current bias line and a fourth direct current bias line, the first direct current bias line and a fifth direct current bias line, the four sets of switches being a first PIN diode switch (18) and a third PIN diode switch (20), a first PIN diode switch (18) and a fourth PIN diode switch (21), a second PIN diode switch (19) and a sixth PIN diode switch (23), and a second PIN diode switch (19) and a fifth PIN diode switch (22), and further changing the operating states of the feed probe, different fan-shaped radiation patches are excited to obtain four working modes of the antenna.
3. The pattern reconfigurable antenna of claim 1, wherein by changing the number or shape of slots on the sector radiating patch, the path of current on the sector radiating patch can be changed, thereby changing the radiation pattern of the antenna, while enabling a reduction in the size of the antenna or a change in the operating frequency range of the antenna.
4. a pattern reconfigurable phased array, characterized in that the radiation patch of the pattern reconfigurable antenna according to claim 1 is rotated counterclockwise by 32 ° with respect to the feed structure and is used as an element antenna; the feed structure of the unit antenna is a feed network (17); the unit antennas are arranged in a one-dimensional linear or two-dimensional planar array.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
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| CN108767481B (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2020-05-12 | 电子科技大学 | Wide-beam directional diagram reconfigurable rectifying antenna |
| CN109103607B (en) * | 2018-08-08 | 2021-10-26 | 电子科技大学 | One-dimensional wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on directional diagram reconstruction |
| CN109216944B (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2021-04-16 | 重庆金美通信有限责任公司 | Small multi-beam panel antenna |
| TWI682585B (en) * | 2018-10-04 | 2020-01-11 | 和碩聯合科技股份有限公司 | Antenna device |
| CN109494458A (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2019-03-19 | 重庆大学 | A kind of compact vertical polarized antenna of the low section of directional diagram reconstructable |
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| CN109301510B (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2024-03-12 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Array antenna based on electromagnetic surface |
| CN109904604B (en) * | 2019-02-20 | 2020-09-08 | 湖南大学 | Antenna |
| JP7243483B2 (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2023-03-22 | 日本電気株式会社 | Dual-polarized array antenna and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN110492253A (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2019-11-22 | 西北工业大学 | A kind of directional diagram reconstructable antenna for satellite communication in motion |
| CN110829010A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-02-21 | 华南理工大学 | Dual-circularly-polarized-beam reconfigurable microstrip antenna |
| CN110838614B (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-09-04 | 西南交通大学 | Low-profile dual-polarization wide-angle scanning flat phased array antenna |
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| CN111276811A (en) * | 2020-03-16 | 2020-06-12 | 亳州学院 | MIMO antenna with compact mode diversity |
| CN111430898A (en) * | 2020-04-07 | 2020-07-17 | 成都环宇远景科技有限责任公司 | Low-cost flat-panel phased array antenna for low-earth-orbit satellite communication and method for realizing phased array scanning by using same |
| CN112563739B (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2022-10-14 | 西安理工大学 | Miniaturized multi-polarization reconfigurable antenna with electric modulation |
| CN112803174B (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2022-03-15 | 上海交通大学 | Large-interval phased array based on zero scanning antenna and grating lobe suppression method |
| CN113540828B (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2022-05-17 | 河北工业大学 | Phased array antenna with reconfigurable directional diagram |
| CN114336031A (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2022-04-12 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所 | Directional diagram reconfigurable unit and phased array antenna formed by same |
| CN116231279B (en) * | 2022-12-28 | 2024-04-19 | 深圳市思讯通信技术有限公司 | Compact wave beam reconfigurable antenna for wearable equipment |
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| US9565717B2 (en) * | 2010-03-18 | 2017-02-07 | Drexel University | Reconfigurable antennas and configuration selection methods for AD-HOC networks |
| CN201838722U (en) * | 2010-05-05 | 2011-05-18 | 电子科技大学 | Microstrip patch antenna with reconfigurable directional diagram |
| CN106410416A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2017-02-15 | 南京理工大学 | Frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna based on varactor diodes |
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