CN109216944B

CN109216944B - Small multi-beam panel antenna

Info

Publication number: CN109216944B
Application number: CN201811085853.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 魏瑰; 周继华; 王将宏; 刘航; 赵涛; 唐先建; 钟志强; 殷志宏; 王翰墨; 杨鹏; 廖西斌; 刘中全; 胡丹耀; 徐德涛; 王韬
Original assignee: Chongqing Jinmei Communication Co Ltd
Current assignee: Chongqing Jinmei Communication Co Ltd
Priority date: 2018-09-18
Filing date: 2018-09-18
Publication date: 2021-04-16
Anticipated expiration: 2038-09-18
Also published as: CN109216944A

Abstract

The invention provides a small multi-beam panel antenna which is characterized by comprising a 3 multiplied by 3 array consisting of nine array elements, a single-pole four-throw switch, a double-pole four-throw switch, two paths of power dividers, three paths of power dividers, a first phase shifter and a second phase shifter, wherein the single-pole four-throw switch is connected with the two paths of power dividers; the central array element is a first branch circuit independently, four array elements at four corners are sequentially connected with the single-pole four-throw switch and the first phase shifter to form a second branch circuit, the other four array elements are sequentially connected with the double-pole four-throw switch, the two-way power divider and the second phase shifter to form a third branch circuit, and the three branch circuits are connected to the three-way power divider in a junction mode. By using the switch selection and the phase shifter, four array elements at each corner of the planar array can form a beam deviating from the normal line, and four beams deviating from the normal line can be formed in total.

Description

Small multi-beam panel antenna

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a multi-beam antenna technology, and more particularly, to a beam switching antenna.

Background

High gain directional antennas are limited in application due to the inherent narrow beam. On the one hand, narrow beams make the coverage of wireless networks smaller, and a multi-surface antenna is needed for covering a larger range, thus making the system complex. On the other hand, the narrow beam makes the antenna more difficult to align to the preset area, especially when the directional antenna is positioned on the moving platform; although this problem can be solved by using a servo tracking system, the servo system is bulky, expensive, and complicated in tracking control.

The beam switching antenna is a simple implementation mode of a multi-beam antenna, and under the action of a microwave switch, the scanning use of a plurality of beams is realized, so that a larger communication range is covered. In the design, a plurality of inherent antennas or inherent beams can be selected and used by using a microwave switch, and parameters such as the number of array elements, feeding positions, feeding amplitudes, feeding phases and the like can be switched and selected by using the microwave switch, so that the array is reconstructed, and a plurality of beams are realized.

The patent 'a directional diagram reconfigurable antenna and phased array thereof' (application number 201711248743.0) realizes the reconfiguration of an antenna structure and a directional diagram by selecting four feeding points through a microwave switch, obtains four beams pointing to different directions, and can realize the one-dimensional scanning of a linear array beam in a certain range and the two-dimensional scanning of a planar array beam in a certain range. Patent "two-dimensional electronic scanning antenna" (application number 201410677780.3) is in the row of plane array, the line array, through tapping different positions on the transmission line of connecting the both sides array element to make the both sides array element form different feed phase differences, be equivalent to realizing a plurality of phase shifters, reuse microwave switch and select the use to tap (move the looks ware), thereby formed the phase place to the certain law of all array elements, realize the scanning of antenna beam.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a small multi-beam panel antenna, which comprises a 3 multiplied by 3 array consisting of nine array elements, a single-pole four-throw switch, a double-pole four-throw switch, two paths of power dividers, three paths of power dividers, a first phase shifter and a second phase shifter, wherein the single-pole four-throw switch is connected with the two paths of power dividers; the central array element is a first branch circuit independently, four array elements at four corners are sequentially connected with the single-pole four-throw switch and the first phase shifter to form a second branch circuit, the other four array elements are sequentially connected with the double-pole four-throw switch, the two-way power divider and the second phase shifter to form a third branch circuit, and the three branch circuits are connected to the three-way power divider in a junction mode.

When the antenna works, one array element is provided in the first branch, one array element is provided in the second branch under the action of the single-pole four-throw switch selectively, phase shift is provided by the first phase shifter, and two array elements are provided in the third branch under the action of the double-pole four-throw switch selectively, and phase shift is provided by the second phase shifter. Finally, four array elements of one corner of the planar array are selected, and the four array elements can be regarded as three linear arrays of which the feeding phases are gradually lagged on oblique lines, so that an oblique beam which is deviated to the corner is formed.

The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:

the microwave switch selectively uses array elements in the large array, four small arrays are realized, the action of the phase shifter is assisted, four inclined narrow beams can be formed, and the space coverage of wireless signals in a wide angle range is realized under the combined action of the four beams.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 2, array element selection and beam pattern;

FIG. 3, a schematic view of a beam coverage area;

fig. 4, beam joint coverage pattern;

fig. 5, beam joint coverage pattern.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and examples.

As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a small multi-beam panel antenna, which includes a 3 × 3 array composed of nine array elements, a single-pole four-throw switch, a double-pole four-throw switch, two power dividers, a three power divider, a first phase shifter, and a second phase shifter; the central array element is a first branch circuit independently, four array elements at four corners are sequentially connected with the single-pole four-throw switch and the first phase shifter to form a second branch circuit, the other four array elements are sequentially connected with the double-pole four-throw switch, the two-way power divider and the second phase shifter to form a third branch circuit, and the three branch circuits are connected to the three-way power divider in a junction mode. By using the switch selection and the phase shifter, four array elements at each corner of the planar array can form a beam deviating from the normal line, and four beams deviating from the normal line can be formed in total.

One specific embodiment: f. of₀The central frequency is adopted, the array element spacing is 0.6 lambda, the phase offset of the first phase shifter is-150 degrees, the phase offset of the second phase shifter is-75 degrees, and the two paths of power dividers are used for equal-power division; the power ratios of three branch ports of the three-way power divider are respectively 1:1:2, and the three branch ports are respectively connected with the first branch circuit, the second branch circuit and the third branch circuit.

The array element No. 1 at the center is a first branch circuit and works at each moment. Four array elements No. 6-9 on four corners, a single-pole four-throw switch and a first phase shifter are sequentially connected to form a second branch, one array element is selected to work at each moment, and the phase of the phase shifter is-150 degrees. And the rest four array elements No. 2-5, the double-pole four-throw switch, the two-way power divider and the second phase shifter are used as a third branch, two array elements are selected to work at each moment, and the phase of the phase shifter is-75 degrees. Finally, four array elements at one corner of the planar array are selected to form a small array, the feeding amplitudes of the four array elements are the same, and four small arrays can be formed.

1. The array elements of No. 2, No. 3 and No. 6 have feeding phases of 0 degree, 75 degrees and 150 degrees in sequence, the feeding amplitudes are the same, and formed beams incline towards the upper right to cover a first quadrant area;

1. 3, 4 and 7 array elements, the feeding phases are 0 degrees, -75 degrees, -150 degrees in sequence, the feeding amplitudes are the same, and formed beams incline towards the upper left to cover a second quadrant area;

1. the array elements of No. 4, 5 and 8 have feeding phases of 0 degrees, 75 degrees and 150 degrees in sequence, the feeding amplitudes are the same, and formed beams incline towards the lower left to cover a third quadrant area;

1. the

number

5, 2 and 9 array elements have feeding phases of 0 DEG, -75 DEG and-150 DEG in sequence, the feeding amplitudes are the same, and formed beams are inclined towards the lower right and cover a fourth quadrant area.

As shown in fig. 2, the beam of the small array composed of array elements No. 1, 2, 3 and 6 is an axisymmetric spindle shape with 3dB beam width of about 40 °, the inclination angle is 19 °, and the maximum simulation gain is 13.1 dBi. The four small arrays are selected on the same principle, and the four beams are well consistent and only have different directions of inclination angles.

As shown in fig. 3, the four small circles indicate areas where the four beams spatially cover one quadrant each, and the large circles indicate areas where the four beams cooperate to cover a larger area in space.

As shown in fig. 4, the combined coverage pattern of the beam in the azimuth direction of 45 ° or 135 ° deviates from the normal of the antenna array by ± 32.5 °, the maximum simulation gain is 13.1dBi, the minimum simulation gain is 10.1dBi, and the simulation gain at the normal is 10 dBi.

As shown in fig. 5, the combined coverage pattern of the beam in the azimuth direction of 0 ° or 90 ° deviates from the normal of the antenna array by ± 32.5 °, the maximum simulation gain is 11.7dBi, the minimum simulation gain is 8.7dBi, and the simulation gain at the normal is 10 dBi.

Claims

1. A small multi-beam panel antenna is characterized by comprising a 3 x 3 array consisting of nine array elements, a single-pole four-throw switch, a double-pole four-throw switch, two power dividers, three power dividers, a first phase shifter and a second phase shifter; the central array element is a first branch circuit alone, four array elements at four corners are sequentially connected with the single-pole four-throw switch and the first phase shifter to form a second branch circuit, the other four array elements are sequentially connected with the double-pole four-throw switch, the two-way power divider and the second phase shifter to form a third branch circuit, the three branch circuits are respectively connected to three branch circuit ports of the three-way power divider, and a combining port of the three-way power divider is an input/output port of an antenna.

2. The antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the four branch ports of the single-pole four-throw switch are respectively connected to four array elements at four corners, the combining port of the single-pole four-throw switch is connected to one port of the first phase shifter, and the other port of the first phase shifter is connected to one branch port of the three-way power divider.

3. The antenna of claim 1, wherein four of the branch ports of the double-pole four-throw switch are connected to the remaining four array elements, two of the combining ports of the double-pole four-throw switch are connected to two of the branch ports of the two-way power divider, respectively, the combining port of the two-way power divider is connected to one port of the second phase shifter, and the other port of the second phase shifter is connected to one of the branch ports of the three-way power divider.