CN112421218B

CN112421218B - Multi-beam switching antenna

Info

Publication number: CN112421218B
Application number: CN202011354583.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 魏瑰; 胡丹耀; 叶荣飞; 周继华; 曾纪; 王将宏; 杨星; 廖东元; 刘中全; 王伟; 唐先建; 吴建; 颜宏; 陈思源; 沈灿; 徐彬彬
Original assignee: Chongqing Jinmei Communication Co Ltd
Current assignee: Chongqing Jinmei Communication Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-11-27
Filing date: 2020-11-27
Publication date: 2022-08-16
Anticipated expiration: 2040-11-27
Also published as: CN112421218A

Abstract

The invention provides a multi-beam switching antenna which is characterized by comprising three identical sector antennas which are rotationally and symmetrically arranged along an axis, wherein each sector antenna provides a directional beam with an azimuth plane of 120 degrees, the three directional beams can be combined into one omnidirectional beam by utilizing switch switching, and the omnidirectional beam and the three directional beams can be switched for use, so that lower-gain omnidirectional coverage or high-gain sector coverage on the azimuth plane is realized.

Description

Multi-beam switching antenna

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a multi-beam antenna technology, and more particularly, to a beam switching antenna.

Background

High gain directional antennas are limited in application due to the inherent narrow beam. On one hand, narrow beams make the coverage of a wireless network smaller, and a multi-surface antenna is needed to cover a larger range, so that the system is complicated, and on the other hand, the narrow beams make the antenna more difficult to align to a predetermined area.

The beam switching antenna is a simple implementation mode of a multi-beam antenna, and under the action of a microwave switch, the scanning use of a plurality of beams is realized, so that a larger communication range is covered. In the design, a plurality of inherent antennas or inherent beams can be selected and used by using a microwave switch, and parameters such as the number of array elements, a feeding position, a feeding amplitude, a feeding phase and the like can be switched and selected by using the microwave switch, so that the array is reconstructed, and a plurality of beams are realized.

The patent "triangular prism eight port PHS base station antenna" (application number 200420085995.8) uses partial array elements in three sectors to synthesize omnidirectional beam, and uses partial array elements to form sector beam, so that the antenna has multi-polarization and multi-port simultaneously. The patent 'a directional diagram reconfigurable antenna and phased array thereof' (application number 201711248743.0) realizes the reconfiguration of an antenna structure and a directional diagram by selecting four feeding points through a microwave switch, obtains four beams pointing to different directions, and can realize the one-dimensional scanning of a linear array beam in a certain range and the two-dimensional scanning of a planar array beam in a certain range. Patent "two-dimensional electronic scanning antenna" (application number 201410677780.3) is in the row of plane array, the line array, through tapping different positions on the transmission line of connecting the both sides array element to make the both sides array element form different feed phase differences, be equivalent to realizing a plurality of phase shifters, reuse microwave switch and select the use to tap (move the looks ware), thereby formed the phase place to the certain law of all array elements, realize the scanning of antenna beam.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a multi-beam switching antenna, which comprises a first sector antenna, a second sector antenna, a third sector antenna, a first single-pole double-throw switch, a second single-pole double-throw switch, a third single-pole double-throw switch, a single-pole four-throw switch and a three-way power divider, wherein the first sector antenna is connected with the first sector antenna; three combining ports of the three single-pole double-throw switches are respectively connected with the first sector antenna, the second sector antenna and the third sector antenna, first shunt ports of the three single-pole double-throw switches are respectively connected with the first shunt port, the second shunt port and the third shunt port of the single-pole four-throw switch, and second shunt ports of the three single-pole double-throw switches are respectively connected with three shunt ports of the three-way power divider; the combining port of the three-way power divider is connected with the fourth branch port of the single-pole four-throw switch, and the combining port of the single-pole four-throw switch is an input/output port of the multi-beam switching antenna.

The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows: by utilizing the integration of the three-sector antenna, three directional beams can be combined into one omnidirectional beam through switching, and the omnidirectional beam and the three directional beams can be switched for use, so that lower-gain omnidirectional coverage or high-gain sector coverage on an azimuth plane is realized, and the antenna has stronger universality and can be suitable for more application scenes.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of three sector antennas;

FIG. 3, three directional beam azimuth patterns;

fig. 4, omni-directional beam azimuth pattern.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and examples.

As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a multi-beam switching antenna, which includes a first sector antenna, a second sector antenna, a third sector antenna, a first single-pole double-throw switch, a second single-pole double-throw switch, a third single-pole double-throw switch, a single-pole four-throw switch, and a three-way power divider; three combining ports of the three single-pole double-throw switches are respectively connected with the first sector antenna, the second sector antenna and the third sector antenna, first shunt ports of the three single-pole double-throw switches are respectively connected with the first shunt port, the second shunt port and the third shunt port of the single-pole four-throw switch, and second shunt ports of the three single-pole double-throw switches are respectively connected with three shunt ports of the three-way power divider; the combining port of the three-way power divider is connected with the fourth branch port of the single-pole four-throw switch, and the combining port of the single-pole four-throw switch is an input/output port of the multi-beam switching antenna.

The three sector antennas are completely identical in structure and performance and are sequentially arranged by rotating 120 degrees around the same axis, each sector antenna provides a directional beam with an azimuth plane of 120 degrees, and the three beams jointly cover 360 degrees of the azimuth plane.

The three single-pole double-throw switches have the same structure, performance and working state, and when the three single-pole double-throw switches work, the first shunt ports of the three switches are conducted at the same time or the second shunt ports of the three switches are conducted at the same time.

When directional beams are used, the first branch ports of the three single-pole double-throw switches are simultaneously conducted, and the three-way power divider does not work. When the single-pole four-throw switch selects the first shunt port to be conducted, the directional wave beam of the first sector antenna is selected and used; when the single-pole four-throw switch selects the second shunt port to be conducted, the directional wave beam of the second sector antenna is selected and used; when the single-pole four-throw switch selects the third shunt port to be conducted, the directional wave beam of the third sector antenna is selected and used.

When the omnidirectional wave beam is used, the second shunt ports of the three single-pole double-throw switches are simultaneously conducted, and the three power dividers work. Signals of the three sector antennas are synthesized through the three power dividers to form omnidirectional beams, and the single-pole four-throw switch selects the fourth branch port to be conducted, so that the omnidirectional beams are used.

As shown in fig. 2, the three sector antennas have the same structure and are sequentially arranged by rotating 120 ° around the same axis, and the sector antennas are adjacent to each other by 120 °.

As shown in fig. 3, the performance of the three sector antennas is the same, and each sector antenna provides a directional beam with 120 ° azimuth plane, and the three beams collectively cover 360 ° azimuth plane.

As shown in fig. 4, the three sector antennas implement constant-amplitude in-phase feeding through three power dividers, and are combined into an approximately omnidirectional beam in azimuth, and the average gain of the omnidirectional beam is about 4.7dB lower than the maximum gain of a single directional beam.

Claims

1. A multi-beam switching antenna is characterized by comprising a first sector antenna, a second sector antenna, a third sector antenna, a first single-pole double-throw switch, a second single-pole double-throw switch, a third single-pole double-throw switch, a single-pole four-throw switch and a three-way power divider; three combining ports of the three single-pole double-throw switches are respectively connected with the first sector antenna, the second sector antenna and the third sector antenna, first shunt ports of the three single-pole double-throw switches are respectively connected with the first shunt port, the second shunt port and the third shunt port of the single-pole four-throw switch, and second shunt ports of the three single-pole double-throw switches are respectively connected with three shunt ports of the three-way power divider; the combining port of the three-way power divider is connected with the fourth branch port of the single-pole four-throw switch, and the combining port of the single-pole four-throw switch is an input/output port of the multi-beam switching antenna; the three single-pole double-throw switches have the same structure, performance and working state, and when the three single-pole double-throw switches work, the first shunt ports of the three switches are conducted at the same time or the second shunt ports of the three switches are conducted at the same time.

2. The multiple beam switching antenna of claim 1 wherein the first, second and third sector antennas are identical in structure and performance and are arranged sequentially rotated 120 ° about the same axis, each sector antenna providing a directional beam with 120 ° of azimuth, the three beams collectively covering 360 ° of azimuth.