CN111430898A - Low-cost flat-panel phased array antenna for low-earth-orbit satellite communication and method for realizing phased array scanning by using same - Google Patents

Low-cost flat-panel phased array antenna for low-earth-orbit satellite communication and method for realizing phased array scanning by using same Download PDF

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CN111430898A
CN111430898A CN202010268569.1A CN202010268569A CN111430898A CN 111430898 A CN111430898 A CN 111430898A CN 202010268569 A CN202010268569 A CN 202010268569A CN 111430898 A CN111430898 A CN 111430898A
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phased array
antenna
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杨鹏
尹璐
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Chengdu Huanyu Vision Technology Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters 
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means

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Abstract

The invention discloses a low-cost flat phased array antenna design for low-orbit satellite communication and a method for realizing phased array scanning by using the same, which mainly comprises the following steps: s1, setting N for phased array antennax×NyEach array element is correspondingly provided with Nx×NyA feeding point, connecting said Nx×NyThe feeding points are regularly arranged in a rectangular grid shape: the distance between every two adjacent feeding points in the horizontal direction is dx, and the distance between every two adjacent feeding points in the vertical direction is dy; s2, controlling the on-off of the PIN diodeFeeding power in different directions to each array element respectively to realize equivalent spatial rotation of the array elements; s3, for Nx×NyFeeding is carried out on each array element, and the conducting/breaking of PIN diodes on the antenna units is controlled through direct current to obtain different phase distributions to realize two-dimensional scanning of the phased array.

Description

Low-cost flat-panel phased array antenna for low-earth-orbit satellite communication and method for realizing phased array scanning by using same
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of phased array design, and particularly provides an effective method for low-cost design of a low-earth-orbit satellite communication flat-panel phased array antenna.
Background
With the rapid development of application fields such as mobile broadband and internet of things, the satellite communication technology and information communication industry are also undergoing a change day by day. Satellite communication technology, as its name implies, refers to a communication method that uses an artificial earth satellite as a relay station to implement the reception or transmission of electromagnetic waves by a communication base station on earth, and can achieve radio wave communication between two or more base stations, and has the advantages of wide coverage, large communication capacity, safe information transmission and the like, so that the satellite communication technology plays a critical role in a new-generation communication system, and can see its figure everywhere in civil use as well as military field. The traditional satellite-communication antenna is mainly based on a parabolic reflector antenna which rotates mechanically, the azimuth plane and the pitching plane of the antenna are controlled to point at positions under the driving action of a servo motor, however, with the development of modern informatization, the antenna is influenced by devices such as a servo control system, an electronic compass and a gyroscope, the scanning precision and the response sensitivity are extremely limited, and the antenna is difficult to maintain flexible and maneuvering beam switching to achieve real-time tracking of a high-speed moving antenna carrier. On the other hand, the heavy weight and large volume of the mechanical rotary antenna make the routine maintenance thereof difficult. Meanwhile, the air resistance borne by the platform moving at high speed is large, so that the application scene is limited to a large-scale low-speed moving platform. In order to meet the application requirements of a new generation of satellite communication antenna, in recent years, a widely developed planar electric scanning antenna array guides the direction for the development of the new generation of satellite communication antenna. The planar antenna uses the electric scanning mode to control and form beam, and it is clear from the limitation of volume and weight, and can implement quick and high-efficiency beam switching, and can make up the defects of the above-mentioned mechanical rotary antenna, so that it is key for implementing the development of satellite Internet commercial property.
At present, a plurality of new planar antenna technologies are emerging in the field of Satellite communication, and the technology is particularly suitable for Non-Geostationary Orbit (NGSO) Satellite services and mobile platform applications such as airplanes, ships, automobiles and the like. Planar phased arrays are a class of planar antennas developed from array antennas, in which the phase of the antenna elements is controlled by controllable electronic phase shifters connected behind the antennas, so that a lobe that is originally aligned in one direction can be transformed to project in another direction within a few microseconds. However, this method usually requires a large number of phase shifters and amplifiers, and the feeding network is very complex, resulting in high cost, large loss and low efficiency, which make some civil communications prohibitive. The development of flat reflective arrays and array lenses with electronic beam forming capability also offers many new possibilities for high performance, low cost phased array antenna structures, but the low profile structure of the antenna is difficult to achieve due to the presence of feed antennas. In recent years, digital phased array antennas based on electrical control technology have attracted considerable interest. Since the digital phased array does not need an additional continuous variable phase shifter, the system complexity, temperature instability, cost, weight and variable insertion loss at different phases are greatly reduced. Thus, in many applications, digital phased arrays have become an effective and economical alternative to conventional phased array antennas.
In summary, future satellite communication systems put higher and more stringent requirements on phased array antenna systems thereof: low cost, low profile, large angle electrical scan, which must be satisfied simultaneously. In view of the above challenges, the present invention proposes a new solution from the antenna unit structure to promote the technical development of the new generation of planar satellite communication antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solve the above problems, and provides a low-cost planar phased array antenna design for low-earth orbit satellite communication, and a method for implementing phased array antenna scanning.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a low-cost flat phased array antenna for low-earth orbit satellite communication, comprising: n is a radical ofx×NyThe array element comprises important components including a radiating patch, a switchable-direction feed structure and a metal floor. The array element structure is sequentially provided with a radiation patch, a Rogers 4350B dielectric plate, a feed structure with switchable direction, a Rogers 4350B dielectric plate and a metal floor from top to bottom. FR4 mediumThe board is located below the metal floor, and the lower surface of the board can be used for designing a direct current bias circuit of the PIN diode.
The radiation patch has polarization reconfigurable characteristics, and the PIN diode is adopted to control the on-off of the square cutting angle so as to change the polarization mode of the radiation electromagnetic wave of the antenna, so that the radiation electromagnetic waves of different polarization modes can be obtained, including horizontal polarization, vertical polarization, left-handed polarization and right-handed polarization.
The switchable azimuth feed structure can realize phase change of circularly polarized radiation waves: when the unit rotates horizontally
Figure BDA0002441355380000021
The phase of the radiation field is delayed or retarded according to the rotation direction, and the phase variation of the radiation field is
Figure BDA0002441355380000022
The feed structure adopts a cross structure with four switchable directions, the controllable PIN diode switch is also controlled by the electricity, the feed in different directions is realized through the on-off of direct current, and the effect of the 2-bit digital phase shifter is realized.
The invention also provides a method for scanning the phased array antenna system, which comprises the following steps:
a, setting the phased array antenna to comprise Nx×NyEach array element is correspondingly provided with Nx×NyA feeding point, connecting said Nx×NyThe feeding points are regularly arranged in a rectangular grid shape: the distance between every two adjacent feeding points in the horizontal direction is dx, and the distance between every two adjacent feeding points in the vertical direction is dy;
b, feeding power in different directions to each array element by controlling the on-off of the PIN diode to realize the equivalent physical rotation of the array elements;
c, when the phased array radiates electromagnetic waves normally, utilizing the power division network to carry out N pairsx×NyThe array elements are fed, the phase shift is realized by controlling the connection/disconnection of PIN diodes on the antenna unit through direct current, different phase distributions are obtained, and therefore the two-dimensional scanning of the phased array is realized.
The general technical scheme of the invention mainly realizes the beam scanning of the phased array antenna by an array element equivalent space rotation method. For any radiator unit, the radiation field phase difference of the antenna unit is controlled by a PIN diode switch
Figure 1
Four states, equivalent to a 2-bit phase shifter.
The antenna unit has the advantages that most of the existing antenna units are reconfigurable based on frequency, polarization or directional diagrams, and few antennas with radiation phase control are available; an antenna integrating polarization and phase reconstruction into a whole is not reported at present. The polarization and phase reconfigurable antenna provided by the invention has the characteristics of small volume, multiple modes, simple structure and the like, and can meet different task requirements. At present, in the research on digital phased arrays at home and abroad, the connection between an integrated digital phase-shifting chip and an antenna is mostly adopted, and the integrated structure of the phase shifter and the antenna is rarely mentioned. The invention directly controls the radiation phase and polarization of each antenna unit, realizes high integration of the antenna and the phase shifter, reduces the processing cost and is beneficial to large-scale phased array design.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a phased array antenna configuration of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the phased array antenna array element of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the radiating layer of the phased array antenna element of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a cross-shaped feed layer of an array element of a phased array antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating simulation results of radiation performance of the antenna shown in FIG. 1; wherein the scan angle
Figure BDA0002441355380000032
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating simulation results of radiation performance of the antenna shown in FIG. 1; wherein the scan angle
Figure BDA0002441355380000033
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the phased array antenna is composed of Nx×NyAn array element 1, wherein Nx＝N y6. The invention gets Nx＝NyA 6-phased array is the subject of study, but the method is not limited to 6 × 6 array elements in fig. 1.
Fig. 2-4 are schematic diagrams of an array element structure of a low-cost planar phased-array antenna for low-earth satellite communication, as shown in fig. 2, an array element 1 is composed of 3 layers of dielectric plates, the layers 1 and 2 are rogowski 4350B dielectric plates 5, the dielectric constant is 3.66, the layer 3 is FR4 dielectric plate 6, the dielectric constant is 4.4, the upper surface of the layer 1 rogowski dielectric is a radiation patch 2, as shown in fig. 3, the radiation patch 2 layer includes 4 square cut angles to realize polarization reconfigurable characteristics, the 4 cut angles are respectively controlled by 4 PIN diodes 8, the positive electrode of the switch is connected with the radiation patch, the negative electrode of the switch is connected with the radiation patch 2, and the radiation patch 2 layer is provided with a disturbing square cut angle, 4 isolating cross inductors 7 are further adopted to avoid crosstalk of alternating current signals, the antenna orientation switchable feed structure 3 is arranged between the layers 1 and 2, as shown in fig. 4, the feed diodes 8 are also adopted to control feed points 10 at different positions, the position of the 4 azimuthalls L type probe structure forms an azimuth feed structure, the azimuth of the antenna is connected with a ground through a ground lead wire of a ground lead wire, a positive electrode of a direct current feed diode 3, a positive electrode of a direct current feed point, a positive electrode of a direct current feed line, a positive electrode of a direct current feed diode 3, a positive electrode of a direct current feed diode 3, a positive electrode of a.
Further, the radiation wave polarization/phase reconfigurable characteristic of the array element 1 is explained.
The working mode of the metal corner cut at the upper left in the radiation patch layer is set as mode 1, and the metal corner cut rotating in the clockwise direction worksThe modes are mode 2, mode 3 and mode 4 in this order. When the PIN diode is conducted, the metal corner cutting working mode presents inductance, and otherwise, the metal corner cutting working mode presents capacitance. The size of a proper cutting angle and the width of a gap between the proper cutting angle and the main radiation patch are selected through optimizing simulation, so that different mode resonances form equal amplitude, and the phase difference
Figure BDA0002441355380000041
The antenna now has a circularly polarized radiation characteristic. If the PIN diode switch is completely cut off or completely conducted, the polarization modes of the antenna in the two states are linear polarization. Furthermore, 2-bit phase shift can be realized by controlling a PIN diode switch in the cross structure. Let the PIN diode above the cross feed structure be PIN1, rotate clockwise and be PIN2, PIN3 and PIN4 in proper order. Let the equivalent spatial rotation angle be
Figure BDA0002441355380000042
The PIN diodes 1-4 in4 orientations are sequentially turned on, and the PIN diodes in the other orientations are turned off
Figure BDA0002441355380000043
) Therefore, the phase difference of the radiation formed by the array elements also exists in four states of 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees.
The radiation field calculation based on the 2-bit space phase shift technology provided by the invention is as follows:
Figure BDA0002441355380000044
wherein k is0Is the wave number, N is the number of array elements;
Figure BDA0002441355380000051
wherein θ and
Figure BDA0002441355380000052
the pitch angle and the azimuth angle under the spherical coordinate system are respectively; x is the number ofnAnd ynIs the phase center coordinate of the nth array element;
Figure BDA0002441355380000053
is a cell pattern of the nth array element, and
Figure BDA0002441355380000054
wherein
Figure BDA0002441355380000055
Figure BDA0002441355380000056
Is the excitation phase of the array element. When the array maximum gain is desired to be directed
Figure BDA0002441355380000057
The theoretically required array element excitation phase is
Figure BDA0002441355380000058
Aiming at the 2-bit phase shifting method, the key technology is the selection of the phase shifting quantity of each array element. The quantized array element excitation phase is set as
Figure BDA0002441355380000059
Wherein Δ φ represents the quantized phase interval (
Figure BDA00024413553800000510
k represents k-bit quantization)
Therefore, the phased array related by the invention only has four phase options of the obtained array element excitation phase through 2-bit phase quantization, the phases sequentially differ by 90 degrees, and the four phase options can be realized through an equivalent space phase shifting technology, so that the two-dimensional scanning of the phased array is realized.
FIGS. 5-6 are sequentially given in
Figure BDA00024413553800000511
And
Figure BDA00024413553800000512
and (3) the radiation performance of the planar phased array under different scanning angles. It can be seen from the figure that the 2-bit phase shifted array main lobe points very close to the ideal case.

Claims (5)

1. A low cost flat phased array antenna for low earth orbit satellite communications, comprising Nx×NyEach array element (1) comprises a radiation patch (2), a switchable position feed structure (3) and a metal floor (4), and is characterized in that the radiation patch (2), a Rogers 4350B dielectric plate (5), the switchable position feed structure (3), the Rogers 4350B dielectric plate (5) and the metal floor (4) are sequentially arranged on the array element structure downwards, the FR4 dielectric plate (6) is positioned below the metal floor (4), and the lower surface of the FR4 dielectric plate can be used for designing a direct current bias circuit of a PIN diode (8).
2. The low-cost flat phased array antenna for the low earth orbit satellite communication according to the claim 1, characterized in that the radiation patch (2) has the polarization reconfigurable characteristic, the PIN diode (8) is adopted to control the on-off of the square cutting angle to change the polarization mode of the radiation electromagnetic wave of the antenna, and the radiation electromagnetic wave with different polarization modes can be obtained, including horizontal polarization, vertical polarization, left polarization and right polarization.
3. Low cost flat phased array antenna for low earth orbit satellite communication according to claim 1, characterized in that the azimuthally switchable feeding structure (3) enables phase change of circularly polarized radiation waves, in particular when the element is rotated horizontally
Figure RE-FDA0002444503970000011
The phase of the radiation field is delayed or retarded according to the rotation direction, and the phase variation of the radiation field is
Figure RE-FDA0002444503970000012
4. The low-cost flat phased array antenna for the low earth orbit satellite communication according to the claim 3, characterized in that, the feed structure (3) is cross-shaped, the switch control of the PIN diode (8) which is controlled by electricity is used, the feed of different directions is realized by the on-off of the direct current, the effect of the 2-bit digital phase shifter is realized, the quantized phase interval is 90 degrees, the smaller the phase shift amount is, the higher the phase shift precision is, which means that the feed structure is added in more directions, the cross-shaped feed structure realizes the 2-bit phase shift, but is not limited by the structure and the phase shift digit, and the 3-bit phase shift can also be realized by adopting a meter-shaped structure.
5. A method for phased array scanning using a low cost flat phased array antenna for low earth orbit satellite communication as claimed in any of claims 1-4, wherein the antenna elements are radiators and also operate as phase shifters, and the two-dimensional scanning characteristic of the phased array is achieved by arranging the antenna elements at intervals and controlling the PIN diode switch to be turned on/off using DC current, by the steps of:
s1, setting N for phased array antennax×NyEach array element is correspondingly provided with Nx×NyA feeding point, connecting said Nx×NyThe feeding points are regularly arranged in a rectangular grid shape: the distance between every two adjacent feeding points in the horizontal direction is dx, and the distance between every two adjacent feeding points in the vertical direction is dy;
s2, controlling the on-off of the PIN diode to respectively feed each array element in different directions, and realizing equivalent spatial rotation of the array elements;
s3, when the phased array radiates electromagnetic waves normally, the N pairsx×NyFeeding power to the array elements, and calculating the quantized excitation phase of the array elements by the formula
Figure RE-FDA0002444503970000021
Where Δ φ represents the quantization phase interval:
Figure RE-FDA0002444503970000022
k represents k-bit quantization, and the conducting/breaking of PIN diodes on the antenna unit is controlled through direct current to obtain different phase distributions to realize two-dimensional scanning of the phased array.
CN202010268569.1A 2020-04-07 2020-04-07 Low-cost flat-panel phased array antenna for low-earth-orbit satellite communication and method for realizing phased array scanning by using same Pending CN111430898A (en)

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Cited By (4)

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CN112558064A (en) * 2020-09-30 2021-03-26 北京理工大学 Three-dimensional imaging system based on reconfigurable electromagnetic surface array
CN112803165A (en) * 2020-12-30 2021-05-14 无锡国芯微电子系统有限公司 Novel broadband single-layer patch antenna
CN113036415A (en) * 2021-03-09 2021-06-25 东南大学 Circularly polarized beam electric scanning reflective array antenna
CN117498046A (en) * 2023-09-26 2024-02-02 电子科技大学 Ka wave band double circular polarization 2bit array antenna

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JP2004266438A (en) * 2003-02-28 2004-09-24 Toko Inc Circularly polarized planar antenna
KR20140047318A (en) * 2012-10-12 2014-04-22 (주)소노비젼 Antenna having 4 pifa antenna
CN108023178A (en) * 2017-12-01 2018-05-11 电子科技大学 A kind of directional diagram reconstructable aerial and its phased array
CN110854544A (en) * 2019-11-29 2020-02-28 电子科技大学 Low-RCS phased-array antenna and RCS reduction method

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112558064A (en) * 2020-09-30 2021-03-26 北京理工大学 Three-dimensional imaging system based on reconfigurable electromagnetic surface array
CN112803165A (en) * 2020-12-30 2021-05-14 无锡国芯微电子系统有限公司 Novel broadband single-layer patch antenna
CN113036415A (en) * 2021-03-09 2021-06-25 东南大学 Circularly polarized beam electric scanning reflective array antenna
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CN117498046A (en) * 2023-09-26 2024-02-02 电子科技大学 Ka wave band double circular polarization 2bit array antenna

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