CN109103607B - One-dimensional wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on directional diagram reconstruction - Google Patents
One-dimensional wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on directional diagram reconstruction Download PDFInfo
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- CN109103607B CN109103607B CN201810897834.5A CN201810897834A CN109103607B CN 109103607 B CN109103607 B CN 109103607B CN 201810897834 A CN201810897834 A CN 201810897834A CN 109103607 B CN109103607 B CN 109103607B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
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Abstract
The invention discloses a reconfigurable one-dimensional wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on a directional diagram, and belongs to the technical field of microwave antennas. The phased array antenna unit is formed by one-dimensional arrangement of a plurality of phased array antenna units at equal intervals, wherein each phased array antenna unit mainly comprises a windmill-shaped radiation patch, a circular ring parasitic patch loaded with a PIN diode, a bias circuit and a feed part. The invention respectively connects the parasitic patches at the two sides by controlling the bias circuit, directional diagrams generated in different states can be mutually supplemented, a combined wide beam unit is constructed, and meanwhile, the parasitic patches expand the bandwidth of the antenna unit. And constructing a one-dimensional wide-angle scanning phased array antenna on the basis of the combined wide beam unit. Dividing the pitching surface scanning space into two subspaces, and respectively controlling the bias circuit on one side only when scanning in each subspace to ensure the conduction of the parasitic patch on one side; effectively expands the scanning range of the planar phased array and ensures the working bandwidth and higher radiation gain in the scanning process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave antennas, and particularly relates to a reconfigurable one-dimensional wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on a directional diagram.
Background
With the rapid development of the aerospace industry in recent years, the demand of radar systems for null search and tracking is gradually increased, which puts higher demands on front-end phased array antennas. However, the way of extending the scanning area by means of mechanical rotation is not flexible enough due to beam steering, while mechanical rotation increases the instability of the system. People hope to expand the self beam scanning area of the phased array antenna to replace the traditional scanning mode of 'phase scanning' + 'machine scanning', so that the flexible control of the beam is realized, and the better stability of the system is ensured. However, in the conventional planar phased array antenna, the array is controlled by the phase, when the beam deflects to the direction close to the end-fire, the input impedance changes greatly due to the mutual coupling enhancement and the influence of the structure of the unit, so that the impedance matching condition is deteriorated, the gain is seriously reduced, a directional diagram has a blind spot, and therefore effective scanning is difficult to form in the direction close to the end-fire, and the target detection cannot be completed. With the intensive research, the performance of the array unit itself is found to play an important role in the working performance of the phased array. Constructing a wide-beam or joint wide-beam element therefore becomes an efficient way to broaden the scanning range of the phased array. In addition, in order to realize a wide beam, the directivity of the conventional microstrip antenna is reduced, so that the gain of the array unit is low, and how to realize a wide-angle scanning phased array on the premise of ensuring a certain gain has a plurality of difficulties.
The document "Wide-Angle Scanning Phased Array antenna Based on micro-lattice Magnetic Dipole Sub-Arrays (Ya-Qing Wen, Bing-Zhong Wang, Xiao Ding and Ren Wang.2015 IEEE International Symposium on antenna and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, Vancouver,2015:2493 and 2494.)" discloses a Microstrip structure-Based Magnetic flux Dipole Yagi Array unit which is a Dipole beam unit and from which a Wide Angle Scanning Phased Array antenna is constructed, but the unit gain of the antenna is low due to the Wide unit beam width, and the gain of the Array constructed from this unit is affected, and the actual gain under coupling conditions is not given in the document. Meanwhile, the bandwidth of the antenna unit is narrow, the direct structure of the unit and the unit is too compact, and the active reflection coefficient can be seriously deteriorated in the scanning process. Therefore, how to implement wide-angle scanning on the premise of ensuring a certain gain and ensure a certain working bandwidth in the scanning process for the phased array antenna is still a problem to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides a reconfigurable one-dimensional wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on a directional diagram.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a one-dimensional wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna based on directional diagram reconfigurability is formed by one-dimensional arrangement of N reconfigurable units with the same structure at equal intervals, wherein N is a positive integer greater than 2; each reconfigurable unit is of a 180-degree central rotational symmetry structure and comprises a circular parasitic radiation patch part, a dielectric plate, a bias circuit, a feed part and a metal ground;
the ring parasitic radiation patch part comprises an upper windmill-shaped metal patch 1, a lower windmill-shaped metal patch 2, four quarter rings and four PIN diodes; the upper windmill-shaped metal patch 1 and the lower windmill-shaped metal patch 2 are respectively positioned on the upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric plate 3; four quarter circular rings are distributed around the windmill-shaped metal patch 1 on the upper layer; the quarter ring on the left side and the right side comprise three sections of peripheral metal patches 4, 5 and 6, and a PIN diode is connected between each two sections of peripheral metal patches;
the bias circuit comprises dumbbell- shaped metal patches 9 and 17, T- shaped metal patches 10 and 16 and patch inductors 11 and 12; the first T-shaped metal patch 10 is connected with the first section of peripheral metal patch 4, and a first patch inductor 11 is connected between the first dumbbell-shaped metal patch 9 and the first T-shaped metal patch 10; the second T-shaped metal patch 16 is connected with the third section of peripheral metal patch 6, and a second patch inductor 12 is connected between the second T-shaped metal patch 16 and the second dumbbell-shaped metal patch 17; two groups of bias circuits are respectively loaded on the left side and the right side quarter rings;
the feeding portion includes a metal probe 13 and an outer layer metal 14 in a coaxial structure; a through hole is formed in the center of the lower windmill-shaped metal patch 2, the metal probe 13 penetrates through the through hole to be connected with the upper windmill-shaped metal patch 1, and the outer metal 14 is connected with the lower windmill-shaped metal patch 2;
the metal ground 18 is located below the dielectric plate 3 with a gap in the middle.
The gap between the metal ground 18 and the dielectric plate 3 is a quarter wavelength.
The dielectric plate 3 is made of FR-4 plate material with dielectric constant of 4.4 and thickness of 2 mm.
The upper windmill-shaped metal patch 1 is fed through a metal probe 13, and the lower windmill-shaped metal patch 2 is connected with a coaxial outer metal 14 for feeding. When the metal patch 10 in the bias circuit is connected with the anode and the metal patch 17 is grounded, the PIN diodes 7 and 8 loaded among the three metal patches of the right quarter-ring are conducted, at the moment, the metal patches 4, 5 and 6 of the right quarter-ring are connected together, the diode on the left side is not conducted, and the three metal patches on the left side are not conducted and connected together through the diode. In this way, a structure similar to a reconfigurable yagi antenna is formed, the left-side loaded diode non-conducting quarter ring is equivalent to a director, and the right-side loaded diode conducting quarter ring is equivalent to a reflector, and in this way, the beam can be deflected from the right top to the left side. In the same way, when the diode on the left side is turned on, the quarter-rings on the left side are connected together, while the quarter-rings on the right side are not turned on, where the left side corresponds to the reflector and the right side corresponds to the director, the beam is deflected to the right. By turning on and off the diodes, the directional diagram reconstruction can be realized, the directional diagrams under two different conditions complement each other, and a combined wide beam unit can be constructed. Meanwhile, four quarter ring patches around the windmill- shaped radiation patches 1 and 2 effectively expand the working bandwidth of the antenna due to the parasitic action.
The pattern reconfigurable elements are arranged at equal intervals to form a 1 × 8 one-dimensional array. At the moment, the upper half space is divided into a left area and a right area, in the scanning process of the left half space, the diode in the quarter ring on the left side of each unit is not conducted, the diode in the quarter ring on the right side of each unit is conducted, at the moment, the upper windmill-shaped metal radiation patch 1 in each unit is fed through the coaxial feeder, and the beam coverage in the range of-75 degrees to-0 degrees is realized by changing the phase difference among the units; in the process of scanning the right half space, only the diode in the left quarter circular ring needs to be conducted, and the diode in the right quarter circular ring does not conduct. At this time, the coaxial feeder feeds the upper windmill-shaped metal radiation patch 1 in each unit, and the phase difference between the units is changed to realize the beam coverage in the range of 0-75 degrees. In this way, the antenna array can be scanned in the range of-75 to +75 degrees in the whole upper half space.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention expands the scanning range by reconstructing the antenna structure in different scanning areas.
(2) The invention utilizes the structure of the windmill-shaped radiation patch, ensures the same polarization of the unit antenna in different reconstruction states, and avoids the problem of inconsistent polarization.
(3) The unit beam of the invention constructs the combined wide beam unit by reconstructing a directional diagram, has higher gain compared with the traditional wide beam unit, and is more beneficial to practical use.
(4) The invention can realize the reconstruction of the array unit directional diagram and effectively broaden the working bandwidth of the array antenna by designing the annular parasitic patch around the radiation patch.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a side view of a phased array antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a top view of a phased array antenna of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a side view of the array antenna unit of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an upper patch of the array antenna unit according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a bottom patch of the array antenna unit of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a simulation diagram of S-parameters of an array unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a left-hand deflected pattern of array element radiation according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a right-side deflected pattern of array element radiation according to the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic view of a scan of the radiation scan pattern of the phased array antenna of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a graph of the active reflection coefficient for a phased array antenna of the present invention scanning different angles.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
The embodiment provides a directional diagram reconfigurable one-dimensional wide-angle scanning phased array antenna, which is shown in a side view and a top view in fig. 1, and is formed by arranging eight reconfigurable units with the same structure at equal intervals in a one-dimensional manner; each reconfigurable unit is a 180-degree central rotation symmetrical structure, the side view of the reconfigurable unit is shown in figure 3, the top view of the reconfigurable unit is shown in figure 4, and the reconfigurable unit comprises a circular ring parasitic radiation patch part, a dielectric plate, a bias circuit, a feed part and a metal ground;
the ring parasitic radiation patch part comprises an upper windmill-shaped metal patch 1, a lower windmill-shaped metal patch 2, four quarter rings and four PIN diodes; fig. 4 shows the shape of the upper windmill-shaped metal patch 1, the cross-sectional view of the lower windmill-shaped metal patch 2 is shown in fig. 5, and the upper windmill-shaped metal patch 1 and the lower windmill-shaped metal patch 2 are respectively positioned on the upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric plate 3; four quarter circular rings are distributed around the windmill-shaped metal patch 1 on the upper layer; the quarter ring on the left side and the right side comprise three sections of peripheral metal patches 4, 5 and 6, and a PIN diode is connected between each two sections of peripheral metal patches;
the bias circuit comprises dumbbell- shaped metal patches 9 and 17, T- shaped metal patches 10 and 16 and patch inductors 11 and 12; the first T-shaped metal patch 10 is connected with the first section of peripheral metal patch 4, and a first patch inductor 11 is connected between the first dumbbell-shaped metal patch 9 and the first T-shaped metal patch 10; the second T-shaped metal patch 16 is connected with the third section of peripheral metal patch 6, and a second patch inductor 12 is connected between the second T-shaped metal patch 16 and the second dumbbell-shaped metal patch 17; two groups of bias circuits are respectively loaded on the left side and the right side quarter rings; the loaded chip inductors 11, 12 prevent high frequency currents from flowing into the dc bias.
The feeding portion includes a metal probe 13 and an outer layer metal 14 in a coaxial structure; a through hole is formed in the center of the lower windmill-shaped metal patch 2, the metal probe 13 penetrates through the through hole to be connected with the upper windmill-shaped metal patch 1, and the outer metal 14 is connected with the lower windmill-shaped metal patch 2;
the metal ground 18 is located below the dielectric plate 3 with a gap in the middle.
The gap between the metal ground 18 and the dielectric plate 3 is a quarter wavelength, about 10 mm.
The dielectric plate 3 is made of FR-4 plate material with dielectric constant of 4.4 and thickness of 2 mm.
The upper windmill-shaped metal patch 1 is fed through a metal probe 13, and the lower metal patch 2 is connected with a coaxial outer metal 14 for feeding. As can be seen from fig. 5, the metal probe of the feeding portion passes through the lower metal patch 2 without contacting it, exciting the upper windmill-shaped metal patch 1.
The pattern reconfigurable elements are arranged at equal intervals to form a 1 × 8 one-dimensional array. At the moment, the upper half space is divided into a left area, a right area and a middle area, in the process of scanning the left half space, the diodes in the quarter circular ring on the left side of each unit are not conducted, the diodes in the quarter circular ring on the right side of each unit are conducted, at the moment, the windmill-shaped metal radiation patch 1 in each unit is fed through the coaxial feeder, and the wave beam coverage in the range of-75 degrees to 0 degrees is realized by changing the phase difference among the units; in the process of scanning the right half space, only the diode in the quarter-circle ring on the right side needs to be conducted, and the diode in the quarter-circle ring on the left side does not conduct. At the moment, the windmill-shaped metal radiation patch 1 in each unit is fed through the coaxial feeder, and the coverage of the wave beam in the range of 0-75 degrees is realized by changing the phase difference between the units. In this way, the antenna array can realize beam coverage in the range of-75 degrees to +75 degrees of the whole upper half space.
FIG. 6 shows an S-parameter simulation curve of the cell structure, and it can be seen from the curve that the array cell realizes better impedance matching in the whole range of 6-7 GHz. On the basis of giving consideration to the radiation pattern, the good work in the range of 6-6.5 GHz can be ensured.
Fig. 7 and 8 show the condition that the unit antenna controls the bias circuits on the left and right sides respectively, so that the parasitic patches on the left and right sides are on one side and off the other side. Simulation results show that the radiation pattern of the antenna is well reconstructed, the pattern realizes obvious deflection, and meanwhile, the lower cross polarization in the main radiation direction is ensured.
Fig. 9 shows a one-dimensional array of equally spaced elements, where at the center frequency, the beam covers a range of ± 75 ° by varying the element port phase difference with all elements in one state, while achieving better gain flatness at different angles.
The active reflection coefficients of the elements of the array at 9 °, 36 ° and 61 ° main beam orientations are given in fig. 10, respectively. According to the simulation result, the reflection coefficient of the array at different scanning angles is smaller than-6 dB in the working frequency band. Ensures better working bandwidth and avoids the problem of scanning blind spots in the scanning process
In summary, in this embodiment, based on different modes excited by different patches of different shapes, a combined wide beam unit is constructed, and based on this unit, a one-dimensional wide-angle scanning phased array is constructed, so that the beam coverage of ± 75 ° in the upper half space is realized, and the scanning range is effectively expanded on the premise of ensuring a certain bandwidth. Meanwhile, compared with the traditional wide beam unit, the combined wide beam unit is constructed based on a reconfigurable mode, so that the gain of the array unit is effectively improved, and the radiation gain of the array in the scanning process is improved.
Claims (4)
1. A one-dimensional wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna based on directional diagram reconfigurability is characterized in that the antenna is formed by one-dimensional arrangement of N reconfigurable units with the same structure at equal intervals, wherein N is a positive integer greater than 2; each reconfigurable unit is of a 180-degree central rotational symmetry structure and comprises a circular parasitic radiation patch part, a dielectric plate, a bias circuit, a feed part and a metal ground;
the ring parasitic radiation patch part comprises an upper windmill-shaped metal patch (1), a lower windmill-shaped metal patch (2), four quarter rings and four PIN diodes; the upper windmill-shaped metal patch (1) and the lower windmill-shaped metal patch (2) are respectively positioned on the upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric plate (3); the four quarter circular rings are distributed around the windmill-shaped metal patch (1) on the upper layer; the quarter ring on the left side and the right side comprise three sections of peripheral metal patches (4, 5 and 6), and a PIN diode is connected between each two sections of peripheral metal patches;
the bias circuit comprises dumbbell-shaped metal patches (9 and 17), T-shaped metal patches (10 and 16) and patch inductors (11 and 12); the first T-shaped metal patch (10) is connected with the first section of peripheral metal patch (4), and a first patch inductor (11) is connected between the first dumbbell-shaped metal patch (9) and the first T-shaped metal patch (10); a second T-shaped metal patch (16) is connected with the third section of peripheral metal patch (6), and a second patch inductor (12) is connected between the second T-shaped metal patch (16) and the second dumbbell-shaped metal patch (17); two groups of bias circuits are respectively loaded on the left side and the right side quarter rings;
the power feeding part comprises a metal probe (13) and an outer layer metal (14) which are in a coaxial structure; a through hole is formed in the center of the lower windmill-shaped metal patch (2), a metal probe (13) penetrates through the through hole to be connected with the upper windmill-shaped metal patch (1), and the outer metal (14) is connected with the lower windmill-shaped metal patch (2);
the metal ground (18) is positioned below the dielectric plate (3) and a gap is reserved in the middle;
the upper windmill-shaped metal patch (1) is fed through a metal probe (13), and the lower windmill-shaped metal patch (2) is connected with the outer metal (14); when a first T-shaped metal patch (10) in the bias circuit is connected with the anode, a second dumbbell-shaped metal patch (17) is grounded, PIN diodes loaded among three metal patches of the right quarter ring are conducted, three sections of peripheral metal patches of the right quarter ring are connected together, a diode on the left side is not conducted, and three sections of metal patches of the left quarter ring are not conducted and connected together through the diodes; when the diode on the left side is conducted, the three sections of peripheral metal patches of the quarter ring on the left side are connected together, the quarter ring on the right side is not conducted, the left side is equivalent to the reflector, the right side is equivalent to the director, and the beam can be deflected to the right side.
2. The pattern-reconfigurable one-dimensional wide-angle scanning phased array antenna according to claim 1, wherein N-8.
3. The pattern-reconfigurable one-dimensional wide-angle scanning phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that a gap between the metal ground (18) and the dielectric plate (3) is a quarter wavelength.
4. The one-dimensional wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna reconfigurable based on the directional diagram according to claim 1, characterized in that the dielectric plate (3) is made of an FR-4 plate material with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a thickness of 2 mm.
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| CN112436269B (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2022-07-05 | 重庆大学 | Huygens source electric small antenna with reconfigurable frequency agility directional diagram |
| CN112787098B (en) * | 2021-02-10 | 2022-05-17 | 西南电子技术研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所） | Two-dimensional circularly polarized wide-angle scanning phased array antenna |
| CN113540828B (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2022-05-17 | 河北工业大学 | Phased array antenna with reconfigurable directional diagram |
| CN113644417B (en) * | 2021-08-09 | 2023-02-17 | 上海交通大学 | Phasor beam adjustable antenna and conformal antenna array formed by same |
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| CN108023178A (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2018-05-11 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of directional diagram reconstructable aerial and its phased array |
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| CN108023178A (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2018-05-11 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of directional diagram reconstructable aerial and its phased array |
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| Planar Wide-Angle Scanning Periodic Sparse Phased Array Using Pattern Reconfigurable Antenna;Fei Yan et al.;《2018 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting》;20180713;981-982 * |
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