CN111146598A - Electronic control beam scanning antenna based on active frequency selection surface - Google Patents
Electronic control beam scanning antenna based on active frequency selection surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN111146598A CN111146598A CN202010065835.0A CN202010065835A CN111146598A CN 111146598 A CN111146598 A CN 111146598A CN 202010065835 A CN202010065835 A CN 202010065835A CN 111146598 A CN111146598 A CN 111146598A
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- frequency selection
- active frequency
- selection surface
- beam scanning
- cylindrical body
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
- H01Q13/106—Microstrip slot antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
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- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an electronic control beam scanning antenna based on an active frequency selection surface, which comprises eight active frequency selection surface arrays which are vertically arranged, wherein the active frequency selection surface arrays are sequentially connected together to form a cylindrical body with an octagonal cross section, a dielectric plate is respectively arranged at the top and the bottom of the cylindrical body and fixedly connected with the cylindrical body through a right-angle bracket, a hard cable penetrating into the cylindrical body from the center of the bottom dielectric plate supports a conical metal dipole feed source to the center position in the cylindrical body, and each active frequency selection surface array comprises seven frequency selection surface units which are sequentially connected together from top to bottom. The invention discloses an electronic control beam scanning antenna based on an active frequency selection surface, which is characterized in that the on-off state of a diode of a frequency selection surface unit on each active frequency selection surface array is adjusted based on the characteristic that the frequency response characteristics of the frequency selection surface unit respectively correspond to reflection and transmission under the on-off state of the diode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electronic control beam scanning antennas, and particularly relates to an electronic control beam scanning antenna for realizing 360-degree beam scanning in an X-O-Y plane based on an active frequency selection surface in the field.
Background
All wireless communication systems operate using radio waves, and the reception and transmission of radio waves are performed by means of antennas. The main functions of the antenna are two: one is the energy conversion function and the other is the directional radiation (or reception) function. The characteristics of the antenna directly affect the operating characteristics of the overall wireless system and are one of the key components of the overall communication system. The rapid development of the existing large-capacity, multifunctional and ultra-wideband comprehensive information system makes the research of the intelligent antenna system more important. The smart antenna system can be generally divided into an exchange sectorized antenna and an adaptive array, wherein the exchange sectorized antenna achieves the sectorized purpose by switching between different antennas, and the adaptive array is also called a beam forming antenna, and is generally an array antenna based on phase shifters. In order to reduce the cost, many researchers have begun to study phase-shifter-free beam-forming antennas, and have achieved significant results, such antennas are generally referred to as electronically scanned antennas, which is not a strict concept in practice, because the prevailing phase-shifter control is also done electronically, which is mainly to emphasize that it is not achieved by phase control, as opposed to phased array antennas, which are often referred to as "electrically tunable" antennas. Unlike the phase shifter-based adaptive array, the electrical scanning antenna generally controls the antenna parameters by changing the on/off state of a switch element, the dielectric constant of an electrically tunable dielectric material, the junction capacitance of a varactor diode, and the like, and some antennas can also control other parameters such as the polarization direction and the resonant frequency besides changing the antenna pattern.
The frequency selective surface is an important means for the antenna to achieve an electrically swept characteristic. The frequency selective surface has specific frequency response characteristics, which have been paid high attention since its concept was proposed, and its unique electrical performance makes it widely used not only in the field of satellite communication, but also in the stealth aspect of aircraft, which is now a great need for new-generation wireless communication technology, especially in the miniaturized base station antenna system.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide an electric control beam scanning antenna based on an active frequency selection surface.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an electronically controlled beam scanning antenna based on an active frequency selective surface, the improvement comprising: the array antenna comprises eight active frequency selection surface arrays which are vertically placed, wherein the active frequency selection surface arrays are sequentially connected together to form a cylindrical body with an octagonal cross section, a dielectric plate is respectively arranged at the top and the bottom of the cylindrical body and fixedly connected with the cylindrical body through a right-angle bracket, a hard cable penetrating into the cylindrical body from the center of the bottom dielectric plate supports a conical metal dipole feed source to the center position in the cylindrical body, each active frequency selection surface array comprises seven frequency selection surface units which are sequentially connected together from top to bottom, an octagonal gap is etched on a front metal patch of each frequency selection surface unit dielectric plate, the intervals of the octagonal gaps are equal, a diode is respectively welded on two opposite sides of each octagonal gap, and a microstrip line electrically connected with a bias circuit is printed on the back side of each frequency selection surface unit dielectric plate, the microstrip lines on the same active frequency selection surface array are connected together end to end, a metalized via hole is formed in the center of the dielectric plate, the microstrip lines are electrically connected with the metal patch on the front surface of the dielectric plate where the microstrip lines are located through the metalized via hole, an inductor and a divider resistor are respectively welded on two sides of the dielectric plate at the bottom of each active frequency selection surface array, and the inductor and the divider resistor are both electrically connected with the microstrip lines on the active frequency selection surface array where the inductor and the divider resistor are located.
Furthermore, the dielectric plates arranged at the top and the bottom of the columnar body are all round single-sided copper-clad dielectric plates.
Furthermore, the right-angle bracket is a metal right-angle bracket and is arranged on the edge of the columnar body.
Furthermore, the conical metal dipole feed source consists of an upper monopole and a lower monopole, the upper monopole is electrically connected with an inner core of the hard cable, and the lower monopole is electrically connected with an outer skin of the hard cable.
Furthermore, the lower monopole is provided with an aperture with the radius of 3mm at the central position for the hard cable to pass through.
Further, the diode is soldered at the center of the side where it is located.
Furthermore, the working frequency of the antenna is 3.5GHz, the diameter of the antenna is less than 150mm, and the height of the antenna is less than 300 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention discloses an electronic control beam scanning antenna based on an active frequency selection surface, which is characterized in that based on the characteristic that the frequency response characteristics of a frequency selection surface unit respectively correspond to reflection and transmission when a diode is in an on state and an off state, whether energy radiated by a conical metal dipole feed source can be radiated outwards through each active frequency selection surface array is controlled by adjusting the on-off state of the diode of the frequency selection surface unit on each active frequency selection surface array, so that the omnidirectional radiation of the conical metal dipole feed source arranged at the central position is converted into directional radiation, and 360-degree beam scanning in an X-O-Y plane is realized.
The antenna replaces a T/R component of a traditional phased array antenna by using the diode, has the advantages of low manufacturing cost, low profile, high gain, simple structure and the like on the basis of realizing beam scanning, is an effective substitute of the traditional phased array antenna, and can be widely applied to the wireless communication fields of base station communication, satellite communication, wireless local area network and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of an electronically controlled beam scanning antenna disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2a is a front view of a dielectric plate of a frequency selective surface unit in the electric beam scanning antenna disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2b is a back view of a dielectric slab of a frequency selective surface unit in the electric beam scanning antenna disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a conical metal dipole feed source in the electric control beam scanning antenna disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a diagram of s-parameter simulation and test data of the electronically controlled beam scanning antenna disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a graph of gain simulation and test data for the electronically controlled beam scanning antenna disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a diagram showing the test results of the X-O-Y plane different angle directional diagrams of the electronically controlled beam scanning antenna disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 1, this embodiment discloses an electronic control beam scanning antenna based on an active frequency selective surface, which includes eight active frequency selective surface arrays 1 vertically disposed, each active frequency selective surface array is sequentially connected together to form a cylindrical body with an octagonal cross section, a dielectric plate 2 is respectively disposed at the top and the bottom of the cylindrical body, the dielectric plate is fixedly connected with the cylindrical body through a right-angle bracket 4, a hard cable penetrating into the cylindrical body from the center of the bottom dielectric plate supports a conical metal dipole feed source 3 to the center position in the cylindrical body, and a certain distance is present between each active frequency selective surface array and the dielectric plate, so as to radiate omnidirectional electromagnetic waves outwards. Each active frequency selective surface array comprises seven frequency selective surface units which are connected together in sequence from top to bottom, as shown in fig. 2a, octagonal gaps 6 are etched on a front metal patch 5 of a dielectric plate (a low-cost Rogers RO4003C dielectric plate) of each frequency selective surface unit, the intervals of the octagonal gaps are equal, a diode 7 is welded on two opposite sides of each octagonal gap, and the on-off state of the diode is controlled by generating a bias voltage through a control circuit consisting of the front metal patch and a back bias circuit, specifically, a certain bias voltage is provided for the diode through the bias circuit so as to enable the diode to meet the on-state condition. As shown in fig. 2b, a microstrip line 8 electrically connected to the bias circuit is printed on the back of each frequency selective surface unit dielectric plate, the microstrip lines on the same active frequency selective surface array are connected together end to end, a metalized via hole 9 is formed in the center of the dielectric plate, the microstrip line is electrically connected to the metal patch on the front of the dielectric plate through the metalized via hole, an inductor 10 and a voltage divider resistor 11 are respectively welded on two sides of the dielectric plate at the bottom of each active frequency selective surface array, and both the inductor and the voltage divider resistor are electrically connected to the microstrip line on the active frequency selective surface array. Specifically, the inductor is connected with the adjacent frequency selection surface unit and the cathode of the control circuit through the microstrip line so as to isolate the energy of the alternating current electromagnetic field radiated outwards by the conical metal dipole feed source; the divider resistor is welded on the disconnected microstrip line to control the current loaded on the diode by the bias circuit, so that the on-off state requirement of the diode can be met.
In this embodiment, the dielectric plates disposed at the top and bottom of the columnar body are all circular single-sided copper-clad dielectric plates. The right-angle bracket is a metal right-angle bracket and is arranged on the edge of the columnar body. As shown in fig. 3, the conical metal dipole feed source is composed of an upper monopole and a lower monopole, the upper monopole is electrically connected with the inner core of the hard cable, and the lower monopole is electrically connected with the outer skin of the hard cable. The lower monopole is provided with an aperture with the radius of 3mm at the center position for a hard cable to pass through. The diode is soldered at the center of the side where it is located. The working frequency of the antenna is 3.5GHz, the diameter of the antenna is less than 150mm, and the height of the antenna is less than 300 mm.
In practical use, the electronically controlled beam scanning antenna disclosed in this embodiment may be divided into two sectors, wherein diodes in each active frequency selective surface array of one sector are all in an off state, and energy radiated from the conical metal dipole feed source can radiate outward through the sectors in this state; the diodes in each active frequency selective surface array of the other sector are in an on state in which energy radiated from the conical metal dipole feed is not reflected back through the sector. By utilizing the switching state of the diode, the omnidirectional radiation characteristic of the conical metal dipole feed source can be converted into the directional radiation characteristic in different directions by switching the transmission sector and the reflection sector, so that the 360-degree beam scanning function on the X-O-Y plane is realized. The antenna has a working frequency of 3.5GHzS 11The range of | less than-10 dB is 3.36-3.61GHz, and the gain can reach 11.3 dBi.
Fig. 4 is a graph of s-parameter simulation and test data for an electronically controlled beam-scanning antenna based on an active frequency selective surface. The simulation result of the antenna shows thatS 11The frequency range of less than-10 dB is 3.31-3.65GHz, and the test results show thatS 11The frequency range of less than-10 dB is 3.36-3.61 GHz. From the result of the s parameter, it can be known that the antenna system can meet the index requirement of the 5G base station antenna.
Fig. 5 is a graph of gain simulation and test data for an electronically controlled beam scanning antenna based on an active frequency selective surface. The gain simulation result of the antenna shows that the gain of the central frequency of 3.5GHz reaches 11.9dBi, and the gain is more than 10dBi in the frequency range of 3.4-3.6GHz, however, the test result shows that the gain of the central frequency is 11.6GHz, and the gain is reduced in the frequency band of 3.5-3.6 GHz.
Fig. 6 is a graph of the test results of different angular patterns of the X-O-Y plane of an electronically controlled beam scanning antenna based on an active frequency selective surface. By controlling the on-off state of the diodes in the frequency selective surface array of the required sector, the frequency selective surface array of the corresponding sector can be controlled to perform transmission or reflection response on the omnidirectional electromagnetic waves radiated outwards by the dipoles, so that a radiation beam in a fixed direction is generated. The 3dB beamwidth of each directional radiation beam is 50 °. Based on this, the transmission or reflection response of the different sectors is switched by controlling the switches such that the eight directional radiation beams are scanned 360 ° in the X-O-Y plane.
Claims (7)
1. An electronically controlled beam scanning antenna based on an active frequency selective surface, comprising: the array antenna comprises eight active frequency selection surface arrays which are vertically placed, wherein the active frequency selection surface arrays are sequentially connected together to form a cylindrical body with an octagonal cross section, a dielectric plate is respectively arranged at the top and the bottom of the cylindrical body and fixedly connected with the cylindrical body through a right-angle bracket, a hard cable penetrating into the cylindrical body from the center of the bottom dielectric plate supports a conical metal dipole feed source to the center position in the cylindrical body, each active frequency selection surface array comprises seven frequency selection surface units which are sequentially connected together from top to bottom, an octagonal gap is etched on a front metal patch of each frequency selection surface unit dielectric plate, the intervals of the octagonal gaps are equal, a diode is respectively welded on two opposite sides of each octagonal gap, and a microstrip line electrically connected with a bias circuit is printed on the back side of each frequency selection surface unit dielectric plate, the microstrip lines on the same active frequency selection surface array are connected together end to end, a metalized via hole is formed in the center of the dielectric plate, the microstrip lines are electrically connected with the metal patch on the front surface of the dielectric plate where the microstrip lines are located through the metalized via hole, an inductor and a divider resistor are respectively welded on two sides of the dielectric plate at the bottom of each active frequency selection surface array, and the inductor and the divider resistor are both electrically connected with the microstrip lines on the active frequency selection surface array where the inductor and the divider resistor are located.
2. An electrically controlled beam scanning antenna based on an active frequency selective surface as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the dielectric plates arranged at the top and the bottom of the columnar body are all round single-sided copper-clad dielectric plates.
3. An electrically controlled beam scanning antenna based on an active frequency selective surface as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the right-angle bracket is a metal right-angle bracket and is arranged on the edge of the columnar body.
4. An electrically controlled beam scanning antenna based on an active frequency selective surface as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the conical metal dipole feed source consists of an upper monopole and a lower monopole, wherein the upper monopole is electrically connected with an inner core of the hard cable, and the lower monopole is electrically connected with an outer skin of the hard cable.
5. The electrically controlled beam scanning antenna based on an active frequency selective surface of claim 4, wherein: the lower monopole is provided with an aperture with the radius of 3mm at the center position for a hard cable to pass through.
6. An electrically controlled beam scanning antenna based on an active frequency selective surface as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the diode is soldered at the center of the side where it is located.
7. An electrically controlled beam scanning antenna based on an active frequency selective surface as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the working frequency of the antenna is 3.5GHz, the diameter of the antenna is less than 150mm, and the height of the antenna is less than 300 mm.
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| CN202010065835.0A CN111146598A (en) | 2020-01-20 | 2020-01-20 | Electronic control beam scanning antenna based on active frequency selection surface |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112952391A (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-06-11 | 北京理工大学 | Frequency selection surface with stability of ultra-wide incident angle and design method thereof |
| US11394111B1 (en) * | 2019-08-14 | 2022-07-19 | Notch, Inc. | Electronically reconfigurable antenna |
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2020
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11394111B1 (en) * | 2019-08-14 | 2022-07-19 | Notch, Inc. | Electronically reconfigurable antenna |
| CN112952391A (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-06-11 | 北京理工大学 | Frequency selection surface with stability of ultra-wide incident angle and design method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200512 |