CN114336031A - Directional diagram reconfigurable unit and phased array antenna formed by same - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas and discloses a directional diagram reconfigurable unit and a phased-array antenna formed by the same. The invention solves the problems that the low-frequency scanning gain is rapidly reduced along with the increase of the scanning angle, the grating lobe effect occurs in high-frequency scanning, the integration of a TR component is not facilitated, the heat dissipation of a high-power-consumption device is not facilitated, the radiation structures interfere with each other and the like in the conventional broadband phased array technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a directional diagram reconfigurable unit and a phased array antenna formed by the same.
Background
The directional diagram reconfigurable antenna with multiple radiation beams can play an important role in the aspects of improving communication quality, enhancing channel capacity, expanding wireless radio frequency signal coverage and the like, and has high engineering application value. The actual wireless communication system puts forward different application requirements on a directional diagram reconfigurable antenna at the front end of radio frequency, such as special directional diagram reconfiguration under lateral radiation and conical radiation, multi-radiation mode selection, broadband wide-beam coverage and the like. The research results reported in the prior publications at home and abroad can find that the implementation methods for the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna can be roughly divided into three types. The first type is to reconstruct a feed structure of the antenna through a switching device, excite a desired working mode, obtain corresponding radiation current and form a reconfigurable radiation beam; the second type is that the state of a parasitic loading structure implanted on a main radiator is changed to enable the parasitic loading structure to complete the guiding or reflecting action on electromagnetic waves so as to obtain a reconfigurable radiation directional diagram; the last type is to reconfigure the current distribution characteristics on the radiator through a switch diode or a variable capacitance diode to form a multi-radiation aperture and obtain the multi-beam coverage capability. At present, the design challenges of a directional pattern reconfigurable antenna with multiple radiation states are mainly focused on realizing broadband with compact size, low power consumption, multiple radiation mode selectivity and the like.
By switching the direct current bias voltage, the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna can flexibly control the directions of a main radiation beam and a null beam, thereby eliminating unnecessary interference signals and enhancing the coverage of useful signals. In many emerging technical fields, such as modern wireless high-speed communication systems, 5G MIMO communication systems, broadband wide-angle scanning phased array systems, and directional pattern reconfigurable antennas, a great deal of applications have been achieved. At present, most radiation prototypes of directional diagram reconfigurable antennas are mainly based on types of microstrip patches, loop antennas, dipoles and the like. Unfortunately, due to the inherent narrow-band nature of the radiator, the operating bandwidth of these antennas is typically narrow, typically only a few percent of the absolute bandwidth. In addition, antennas in many practical engineering application scenarios should have the ability to radiate beams directionally to achieve better platform integration. Therefore, the design of the directional diagram reconfigurable antenna with the characteristics of multiple radiation modes, wide band, directional beam and compact size has important practical value.
Phased array antennas with broadband and wide-angle scanning characteristics are in great demand in high-speed, high-capacity, long-distance data communication systems. For wide-angle scanning phased array antennas, the documents "variable-loaded patterned reconfigurable array for wide-angle scanning with low gain configuration (s.xiao, c.zheng, m.li, j.xiong, and b.wang.ieee tran.antennas mapping.main.2015; 63(5): 2364-. However, the designed directional diagram reconfigurable unit does not have broadband operating characteristics, so that the operating bandwidth of the array is very narrow, and the broadband communication requirement cannot be met.
For wideband phased array antennas, it is often necessary to take the array element spacing to be half the wavelength of the highest operating frequency point in order to suppress the formation of grating lobes across the operating frequency band. This presents three problems. In a first aspect, such a compact array arrangement results in very strong cross-coupling between elements of the antenna array in the low frequency band, so that the low frequency scanning gain decreases rapidly as the scanning angle increases. In the second aspect, under the limitation of a smaller array element spacing, the integration of the TR component is not facilitated, and the heat dissipation of a high-power-consumption device, especially a power amplifier device, is also not facilitated. In the third aspect, in most cases, the half wavelength of the highest working frequency point is difficult to achieve by the size of the directional diagram reconfigurable unit, and if the array element interval is the half wavelength of the highest working frequency point, the radiation structures between every two array elements will interfere with each other, so that the realization is impossible.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a directional diagram reconfigurable unit and a phased array antenna formed by the same, and solves the problems that the low-frequency scanning gain is rapidly reduced along with the increase of the scanning angle, the high-frequency scanning has a grating lobe effect, the integration of a TR component is not facilitated, the heat dissipation of a high-power-consumption device is not facilitated, the radiation structures are interfered with each other and the like in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problems is as follows:
a directional diagram reconfigurable unit comprises a lower-layer radiation structure, a middle medium substrate and an upper-layer feed structure which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, wherein the lower-layer radiation structure comprises a transmission line and a sub-radiation arm which is controllably and electrically connected with the transmission line, and the distance between the sub-radiation arm and the transmission line is variable.
As a preferred solution, the width of the sub-radiating arms increases in a direction away from the transmission line.
As a preferred technical scheme, the lower-layer radiating structure comprises 2 parallel transmission lines, 4 sub-radiating arms and 4 switch pieces, wherein the 4 sub-radiating arms are divided into two groups with equal quantity, the two groups of sub-radiating arms are respectively arranged at two sides of the central line of the 2 transmission lines, and the two groups of sub-radiating arms are axisymmetrical with respect to the central line of the 2 transmission lines; each sub-radiating arm is electrically connected with the transmission line closest to the sub-radiating arm through 1 switch piece, and the central lines of the 2 transmission lines and the 2 transmission lines are positioned on the same plane; the sub-radiating arms are variable in distance from the center line of the transmission line, and the widths of the sub-radiating arms increase in a direction away from the center line of the transmission line.
As a preferable technical scheme, the lower-layer radiating structure further comprises a metal ground, wherein a fan-shaped groove is formed in the metal ground, and the fan-shaped groove and the parallel double-line transmission line form a gap transmission structure.
As a preferred technical solution, the upper layer feeding structure includes a feeding transformer device, the impedance of the feeding transformer device is variable, and the feeding transformer device performs broadband balanced feeding on the slot transmission structure in a slot coupling manner.
As a preferable technical solution, the feeding transformer device is a multi-section feeding balun, and the impedance is smaller as the width of a portion of the multi-section feeding balun farther from the lower radiation structure is larger.
As a preferred technical solution, the upper layer feeding structure further includes a dc bias voltage line, the dc bias voltage line includes a vertical portion and a horizontal portion connected to each other, the vertical portion is disposed right below the parallel two-wire transmission line, and the horizontal portion is disposed near the metal ground.
A phased array antenna comprises a plurality of directional diagram reconfigurable units, wherein the directional diagram reconfigurable units are arranged at equal intervals in a one-dimensional mode.
As a preferable technical scheme, the distance between the directional diagram reconfigurable units is [0.4 lambda, 0.48 lambda ], wherein lambda represents the free space wavelength at 2.2GHz of a low-frequency point of the phased array antenna.
As a preferred technical solution, the number of the pattern reconfigurable units is 16.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the directional diagram reconfigurable unit is convenient to process by adopting a low-cost PCB technology, can ensure higher processing precision and consistency, has compact size and is beneficial to array formation; the broadband directional diagram reconfigurable units are arranged at equal intervals, so that the problems that the low-frequency scanning gain is rapidly reduced along with the increase of the scanning angle, the grating lobe effect occurs in high-frequency scanning, the integration of a TR component is not facilitated, the heat dissipation of a high-power-consumption device is not facilitated, the mutual interference of radiation structures and the like in the conventional broadband phased array technology are solved;
(2) the one-dimensional broadband wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on the directional diagram reconfigurable unit adopts the broadband directional diagram reconfigurable unit, the working bandwidth of the antenna exceeds 25%, and the antenna has broadband characteristics;
(3) the physical length of the array element arrangement space can effectively weaken the mutual coupling between the array elements and reserve space for the arrangement and heat dissipation of the rear-end TR component; by reasonably configuring the working modes of the direction-diagram reconfigurable unit in different scanning areas, the low-frequency scanning gain can be effectively improved, and the grating lobe effect formed in high-frequency scanning is inhibited.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a one-dimensional broadband wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on a directional diagram reconfigurable unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a lower-layer radiation structure of a broadband directional diagram reconfigurable unit;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an upper-layer feeding structure of a broadband directional diagram reconfigurable unit;
FIG. 4 is a graph of reflection coefficient and radiation real gain of a broadband directional diagram reconfigurable unit;
FIG. 5 is an E-plane radiation pattern of the broadband pattern reconfigurable unit at 2.3 GHz;
FIG. 6 is an H-plane radiation pattern of the broadband pattern reconfigurable unit at 2.3 GHz;
FIG. 7 is an E-plane radiation pattern of the broadband pattern reconfigurable unit at 3 GHz;
FIG. 8 is an H-plane radiation pattern of the broadband pattern reconfigurable unit at 3 GHz;
FIG. 9 is a graph of real gain of a phased array antenna scan at 2.2 GHz;
FIG. 10 is a graph of real gain of a phased array antenna scan at 2.9 GHz; .
Reference numbers and corresponding part names in the drawings: 1. the antenna comprises a directional diagram reconfigurable unit, 2, a dielectric substrate, 3, a metal ground, 4, a parasitic grounding metal branch knot, 5, a sub radiating arm, 6, a surface-mounted capacitor, 7, a switch piece, 8, a surface-mounted resistor, 9, a surface-mounted winding inductor, 10, a transmission line, 11, a metalized through hole, 12, a direct current pad, 13, a direct current bias voltage line, 14, a feeding transformation device, 15, a radio frequency input port and 31, and a sector groove.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 10, a directional diagram reconfigurable unit includes a lower layer radiation structure, an intermediate dielectric substrate 2, and an upper layer feed structure, which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, where the lower layer radiation structure includes a transmission line 10 and a sub-radiation arm 5 controllably and electrically connected to the transmission line 10, and a distance between the sub-radiation arm 5 and the transmission line 10 is variable.
The directional diagram reconfigurable unit is convenient to process by adopting a low-cost PCB technology, can ensure higher processing precision and consistency, has compact size and is beneficial to array formation. Will the unit equidistance of broadband directional diagram reconfigurable is arranged, is convenient for solve the low frequency scanning gain that prior art exists and reduce rapidly along with the scanning angle increase, is unfavorable for the integration of TR subassembly, is unfavorable for heat dissipation, the radiation structure of big consumption device problem such as interfere each other.
As a preferred solution, the width of the sub-radiating arms 5 increases in a direction away from the transmission line 10.
As a preferred technical solution, the lower-layer radiating structure includes 2 parallel transmission lines 10, 4 sub-radiating arms 5, and 4 switch elements 7, the 4 sub-radiating arms 5 are divided into two groups of equal number, the two groups of sub-radiating arms 5 are respectively disposed on two sides of a center line of the 2 transmission lines 10, and the two groups of sub-radiating arms 5 are axisymmetric with respect to the center line of the 2 transmission lines 10; each sub-radiating arm 5 is electrically connected with the transmission line 10 closest to the sub-radiating arm through 1 switch 7, and the central lines of 2 transmission lines 10 and 2 transmission lines 10 are positioned on the same plane; the distance of the sub-radiating arms 5 with respect to the center line of the transmission line 10 is variable, and the width of the sub-radiating arms 5 increases in a direction away from the center line of the transmission line 10.
The four sub-radiation arms 5 which are rotationally distributed can obtain different radiation apertures by changing the activation state of the butterfly-shaped radiation arm through electric control, so as to form different beam directions. The rotor radiating arms 5 are symmetrical left and right in pairs, are distributed in a rotating mode by taking the middle point of the output end of the transmission line 10 as the center, are small in input end and can be electrically connected with the output end of the transmission line 10 through the switch piece 7.
As a preferable technical solution, the lower-layer radiation structure further includes a metal ground 3, a fan-shaped groove 31 is arranged on the metal ground 3, and the fan-shaped groove 31 and the parallel two-line transmission line 10 form a gap transmission structure.
As a preferable technical solution, the upper layer feeding structure includes a feeding transformer 14, the impedance of the feeding transformer 14 is variable, and the feeding transformer 14 performs broadband balanced feeding on the slot transmission structure by a slot coupling manner.
The slot coupling feeding by the feeding transformer 14 has the following functions: firstly, matching the high impedance of a radiation dipole to the system impedance; secondly, a new LC resonance circuit is introduced between the feed port and the radiator to further expand the impedance bandwidth; and thirdly, the directional diagram reconfigurable unit directional diagram is prevented from being deteriorated due to unbalanced current caused by direct feeding.
As a preferred technical solution, the feeding transformer 14 is a multi-section feeding balun, and the impedance is smaller as the width of the part of the multi-section feeding balun farther away from the lower radiation structure is larger.
As a preferable technical solution, the upper layer feeding structure further includes a dc bias voltage line 13, the dc bias voltage line 13 includes a vertical portion and a horizontal portion connected to each other, the vertical portion is disposed right below the parallel two-wire transmission line 10, and the horizontal portion is disposed near the metal ground 3.
By adopting the layout, the induced current on the direct current bias voltage line 13 can be effectively inhibited, and secondary radiation is avoided, so that the radiation performance of the antenna is influenced. A dc bias voltage line 13 is connected to the underlying radiating structure through the metallized via 11 to provide dc bias to the switching device 7.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1 to 10, as a further optimization of embodiment 1, this embodiment includes all the technical features of embodiment 1, and in addition, this embodiment further includes the following technical features:
a phased array antenna comprises a plurality of directional diagram reconfigurable units 1, and the plurality of directional diagram reconfigurable units 1 are arranged at equal intervals in a one-dimensional mode.
As a preferred solution, the distance between the plurality of pattern reconfigurable units 1 is [0.4 λ, 0.48 λ ], where λ represents the free space wavelength at 2.2GHz, the low frequency point of the phased array antenna.
As a preferred technical solution, the number of the pattern reconfigurable units 1 is 16.
The one-dimensional broadband wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on the directional diagram reconfigurable unit adopts the broadband directional diagram reconfigurable unit, the working bandwidth of the antenna exceeds 25%, and the antenna has broadband characteristics; the physical length of the array element arrangement space can effectively weaken the mutual coupling between the array elements and reserve space for the arrangement and heat dissipation of the rear-end TR component; by reasonably configuring the working modes of the direction-diagram reconfigurable unit in different scanning areas, the low-frequency scanning gain can be effectively improved, and the grating lobe effect formed in high-frequency scanning is inhibited.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 1 to 10, this embodiment includes all the technical features of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, and this embodiment provides a more detailed implementation manner on the basis of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2.
A one-dimensional broadband wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna based on a directional diagram reconfigurable unit comprises sixteen broadband directional diagram reconfigurable units (directional diagram reconfigurable units 1) which are linearly arranged at equal intervals, wherein each directional diagram reconfigurable unit comprises a lower-layer radiation structure, an upper-layer feed structure and an intermediate medium substrate 2; the lower-layer radiating structure comprises a metal ground 3 (preferably rectangular), a parasitic grounding metal branch 4, a sub-radiating arm 5 (preferably a butterfly dipole radiating arm), a surface-mounted capacitor 6, a switch 7 (preferably a PIN diode), a surface-mounted resistor 8, a surface-mounted inductor 9, a transmission line 10 (parallel double-wire transmission line), a metalized through hole 11 and a plurality of direct current pads 12; the upper feed structure includes a dc bias voltage line 13, a feed transformer 14 (preferably a multi-section feed balun), and a radio frequency input port 15.
In order to obtain broadband radiation characteristics, four sub-radiation arms 5 which are rotationally distributed are innovatively designed, and different radiation apertures can be obtained by electrically controlling and changing the activation state of the butterfly-shaped radiation arms, so that different beam directions are formed. The rotor radiating arms 5 are symmetrical left and right in pairs, are distributed in a rotating mode by taking the middle point of the output end of the transmission line 10 as the center, are small in input end and can be electrically connected with the output end of the transmission line 10 through the switch piece 7. The parasitic grounding metal branches 4 on the left side and the right side can work in a grounding state or a suspension state, and the radiation beam directivity is further improved.
The metal ground 3 is etched with sector grooves to form a gap transmission structure with the transmission line 10, and the feeding transformer 14 adopts a multi-section impedance transformation mode and carries out broadband balanced feeding on the gap transmission structure in a gap coupling mode. The purpose of adopting the feeding transformation device 14 to carry out gap coupling feeding is three, namely, matching the high impedance of the radiation dipole to the system impedance; secondly, a new LC resonance circuit is introduced between the feed port and the radiator to further expand the impedance bandwidth; and thirdly, the directional diagram reconfigurable unit directional diagram is prevented from being deteriorated due to unbalanced current caused by direct feeding.
The direct current bias voltage line 13 is composed of a vertical part and a horizontal part, the vertical part is placed under the transmission line 10, the horizontal part is arranged close to the metal ground 3, induced current on the direct current bias voltage line 13 can be effectively inhibited by adopting the layout, secondary radiation is avoided, and therefore the radiation performance of the antenna is influenced. A dc bias voltage line 13 is connected to the underlying radiating structure through the metallized via 11 to provide dc bias to the switching device 7.
Each directional diagram reconfigurable unit adopts 4 surface-mounted capacitors 6, 8 switching elements 7, 4 surface-mounted resistors 8 and 10 surface-mounted inductors 9, controls the connection state of the parasitic grounding metal branch 4 and the sub-radiating arm 5 by connecting three direct-current bias voltages, and realizes three different radiation mode selections, thereby obtaining three directional radiation beams with different directions on the E surface.
The broadband directional diagram reconfigurable unit is processed by adopting a low-cost PCB technology, and higher processing precision and consistency can be ensured. The size is compact, and the array is facilitated. And arranging the broadband directional diagram reconfigurable units at equal intervals, and taking the physical length of the array element interval as 0.48 lambda as the spatial wavelength at a low-frequency point to form a 1 x 16 linear phased array. During phase control scanning, broadband directional diagram scanning can be achieved within the range of +/-80 degrees of an E surface by reasonably selecting the radiation mode of the directional diagram reconfigurable unit.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the one-dimensional broadband wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on the directional diagram reconfigurable unit adopts the broadband directional diagram reconfigurable unit, the working bandwidth of the antenna exceeds 25%, and the antenna has broadband characteristics; the physical length of the array element arrangement space is 0.48 lambda at a low-frequency point, so that the mutual coupling between the array elements can be effectively weakened, and a space is reserved for the arrangement and heat dissipation of a rear-end TR component; by reasonably configuring the working modes of the direction-diagram reconfigurable unit in different scanning areas, the low-frequency scanning gain can be effectively improved, and the grating lobe effect formed in high-frequency scanning is inhibited.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 1 to 10, this embodiment includes all the technical features of embodiments 1 to 3, and this embodiment provides a more detailed implementation manner on the basis of embodiments 1 to 3.
The one-dimensional broadband wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna based on the directional diagram reconfigurable unit comprises sixteen same broadband directional diagram reconfigurable units, and the sixteen broadband directional diagram reconfigurable units form a one-dimensional phased array in an equidistant arrangement mode. Each broadband directional diagram reconfigurable unit comprises a lower layer radiating structure and an upper layer feeding structure. The lower-layer radiating structure comprises a metal ground 3, a parasitic grounding metal branch 4, a sub-radiating arm 5, a surface-mounted capacitor 6, a PIN diode, a surface-mounted resistor 8, a surface-mounted inductor 9, a parallel double-wire transmission line 10, a metalized through hole 11 and a plurality of direct current pads 12, the upper-layer feed structure comprises a direct current bias voltage line 13, a plurality of feed baluns and a radio frequency input port 15, and the upper-layer structure and the lower-layer structure are printed on the top layer and the bottom layer of the dielectric substrate 2. Microwave signals enter the multi-section feed balun from the radio frequency input port 15, and the sub-radiating arm 5 is fed through the parallel two-wire transmission line 10. The metal ground 3 etches a fan-shaped capacitive loading gap, and the multi-section feed balun adopts a multi-section impedance conversion form, so that a broadband matching conversion structure is formed, and broadband impedance matching is realized. The direct current bias voltage line 13 is composed of a vertical part and a horizontal part, the vertical part is placed under the parallel double-line transmission line 10, the horizontal part is arranged close to the metal ground 3, and by adopting the layout, induced current on the direct current bias voltage line 13 can be effectively inhibited, secondary radiation is avoided, and therefore the radiation performance of the antenna is influenced. A dc bias voltage line 13 is connected to the lower radiating structure through the metallized via 11 to provide dc bias for the PIN diode.
The rotary sub-radiation arms 5 are symmetrical in a left-right pairwise manner, the middle points of the output ends of the parallel double-line transmission lines 10 are in rotationally symmetrical distribution, the input ends of the butterfly-shaped radiation arms are small and can be electrically connected with the output ends of the parallel double-line transmission lines 10 through PIN diodes, different radiation apertures are formed in different connection modes, and different radiation beam directions are achieved. The parasitic grounding metal branches 4 on the left side and the right side can work in a grounding state or a suspension state, and the radiation beam directivity is further improved. The surface-mounted capacitor 6 and the surface-mounted inductor 9 function to block direct current and suppress alternating current interference, and the surface-mounted resistor 8 has a resistance of several ohms and is used for supplying proper working current to the PIN diode. Three direct current bias voltages are externally connected, the connection state of the parasitic grounding metal branch 4 and the sub-radiation arm 5 can be configured, three different radiation mode modes A, B and C are selected, and accordingly three different directional radiation beams pointing to 0 degrees, +45 degrees and-45 degrees are obtained on the E surface.
As shown in fig. 4, which is a graph of the reflection coefficient and the radiation real gain of the pattern reconfigurable unit, the result shows that in the mode a, the mode B, and the mode C, the 10-dB impedance overlap bandwidth of the pattern reconfigurable unit is 38.4%, and the operating frequency covers 2.1GHz to 3.1 GHz. The peak gain for mode A was 3.5dBi, and for mode B and mode C was 2.4 dBi.
For example, fig. 5 and 6 are radiation patterns of an E surface and an H surface of the direction-diagram reconfigurable unit at 2.3GHz, and fig. 7 and 8 are radiation patterns of an E surface and an H surface of the direction-diagram reconfigurable unit at 3 GHz. The results show that by configuring different radiation patterns, the 3-dB beamwidth coverage of the antenna exceeds ± 80 °
The broadband directional diagram reconfigurable units are equidistantly arranged, the array element spacing is 65mm, and a 1 × 16 linear phased array is formed. In order to evaluate the broadband scanning characteristic of the array antenna, two high and low observation frequency points are selected, wherein the physical length of the array element spacing is 0.48 lambda at the low-frequency observation point of 2.2GHz, and the physical length of the array element spacing is 0.63 lambda at the high-frequency observation point of 2.9 GHz. According to the phased array grating lobe suppression conditions, if the array spacing is adopted, after the scanning angle of the common single-mode radiation array exceeds 35 degrees, an obvious grating lobe is formed at the high frequency of 2.9GHz, and the array performance is seriously influenced. In the invention, during phase control scanning, the problem can be well solved by reasonably selecting the radiation mode of the directional diagram reconfigurable unit. As shown in fig. 9 and 10, for the E-plane directional pattern scanning characteristics of the one-dimensional broadband wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna based on the directional pattern reconfigurable unit in the low-frequency 2.2GHz range and the high-frequency 2.9GHz range, the result shows that the array can realize broadband scanning within a range of ± 80 °, the available bandwidth exceeds 25%, and the array has good scanning gain flatness and sidelobe level suppression.
As described above, the present invention can be preferably realized.
All features disclosed in all embodiments in this specification, or all methods or process steps implicitly disclosed, may be combined and/or expanded, or substituted, in any way, except for mutually exclusive features and/or steps.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto in any way, and any simple modification, equivalent replacement and improvement made to the above embodiment within the spirit and principle of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The directional diagram reconfigurable unit is characterized by comprising a lower-layer radiating structure, an intermediate medium substrate (2) and an upper-layer feed structure which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, wherein the lower-layer radiating structure comprises a transmission line (10) and a sub-radiating arm (5) which is controllably and electrically connected with the transmission line (10), and the distance between the sub-radiating arm (5) and the transmission line (10) is variable.
2. A pattern reconfigurable unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the width of the sub-radiating arms (5) increases in a direction away from the transmission line (10).
3. The directional diagram reconfigurable unit according to claim 2, wherein the lower-layer radiating structure comprises 2 transmission lines (10), 4 sub-radiating arms (5) and 4 switching elements (7) which are parallel to each other, the 4 sub-radiating arms (5) are divided into two groups with equal numbers, the two groups of sub-radiating arms (5) are respectively arranged at two sides of the center line of the 2 transmission lines (10), and the two groups of sub-radiating arms (5) are axisymmetric with respect to the center line of the 2 transmission lines (10); each sub-radiating arm (5) is electrically connected with the transmission line (10) closest to the sub-radiating arm through 1 switch (7), and the central lines of 2 transmission lines (10) and 2 transmission lines (10) are positioned on the same plane; the distance of the sub-radiating arms (5) relative to the central line of the transmission line (10) is variable, and the width of the sub-radiating arms (5) increases along the direction far away from the central line of the transmission line (10).
4. A pattern reconfigurable unit according to claim 3, characterized in that the lower radiation structure further comprises a metal ground (3), the metal ground (3) is provided with sector-shaped slots (31), and the sector-shaped slots (31) and the parallel two-wire transmission lines (10) form a slot transmission structure.
5. A pattern reconfigurable unit according to claim 4, characterized in that the upper layer feeding structure comprises a feeding transformer (14), the impedance of the feeding transformer (14) is variable, and the feeding transformer (14) performs broadband balanced feeding on the slot transmission structure by slot coupling.
6. A pattern reconfigurable unit according to claim 5, characterized in that the feeding transformation means (14) is a plurality of feeding baluns, and the wider the part of the plurality of feeding baluns away from the lower radiation structure, the smaller the impedance.
7. A pattern reconfigurable unit according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the upper layer feed structure further comprises a DC bias voltage line (13), the DC bias voltage line (13) comprising a vertical portion and a horizontal portion connected to each other, the vertical portion being provided directly below the parallel two-wire transmission line (10), and the horizontal portion being provided near the metal ground (3).
8. A phased array antenna comprising a plurality of pattern reconfigurable elements according to any one of claims 1 to 7, the plurality of pattern reconfigurable elements being arranged in one dimension at equal intervals.
9. The phased array antenna of claim 8, wherein the plurality of pattern reconfigurable elements are spaced apart by a distance [0.4 λ, 0.48 λ ], wherein λ represents a free space wavelength at 2.2GHz, the low frequency point of the phased array antenna.
10. A phased array antenna as claimed in claim 9 or 10, characterised in that the number of pattern reconfigurable elements is 16.
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Citations (7)
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