CN116565557A - Wide-angle scanning ultra-wideband dual-polarized phased array antenna - Google Patents

Wide-angle scanning ultra-wideband dual-polarized phased array antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116565557A
CN116565557A CN202310677411.3A CN202310677411A CN116565557A CN 116565557 A CN116565557 A CN 116565557A CN 202310677411 A CN202310677411 A CN 202310677411A CN 116565557 A CN116565557 A CN 116565557A
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China
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wide
dielectric
phased array
angle
array antenna
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CN202310677411.3A
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叶源
刘达志
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Hunan Hangxiang Electromechanical Technology Co ltd
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Hunan Hangxiang Electromechanical Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202310677411.3A priority Critical patent/CN116565557A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
    • H01Q5/25—Ultra-wideband [UWB] systems, e.g. multiple resonance systems; Pulse systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/50—Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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Abstract

The utility model provides a wide angle scanning ultra wide band dual polarization phased array antenna, including the radiating element layer, locate the wide angle matching layer of radiating element layer top, balanced feed structure and metal grounding plate, the radiating element layer includes horizontal medium base plate, be rectangular grid periodic arrangement at the dipole unit of horizontal medium base plate one surface and the enhancement coupling paster of periodic arrangement at horizontal medium base plate another surface, arbitrary dipole unit is including two radiation arms of spaced and be equipped with the via hole on one of them radiation arm, balanced feed structure includes parallel ground double line, the feeder, open circuit branch and with dipole unit one-to-one, metal grounding plate is connected to two parallel ground wire one ends of parallel ground double line, the different radiation arms of dipole unit are connected respectively to the other end, feeder one end is connected, the other end passes the via hole and extends to be connected with the branch that opens circuit, open circuit branch is located two radiation arms top of dipole unit simultaneously, adopt balanced coaxial line structure, the degree of freedom is higher, the frequency band is wider.

Description

Wide-angle scanning ultra-wideband dual-polarized phased array antenna
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of phased array antennas, in particular to a wide-angle scanning ultra-wideband dual-polarized phased array antenna.
Background
With the development of modern electronic science and technology, the demands of integration level of electronic devices are increasing. Now, in order to cope with the modern war environment which is becoming complex, the multifunctional combat platform has become an important trend of development. Taking naval as an example, the future battleship will be a comprehensive combat carrier integrating a plurality of subsystems such as communication, radar, electronic combat, positioning systems and the like. The frequency bands of operation of the radio frequency systems with different functions are also different, such as a weather radar with C wave band, and a guidance radar and a detection radar respectively working in an X wave band and a Ku wave band. In practice, the antenna feeder system is often the component with the largest volume and weight in the radar and electronic interference system, and if the single narrowband antennas or arrays with different frequency bands are sequentially loaded on the equipment platform, a large amount of limited use area of the platform can be occupied, the cost of installation and maintenance of the platform is increased, and the radar scattering cross section of the platform is too high. Therefore, the ultra-wideband phased array antenna capable of covering a plurality of frequency bands is designed, the requirement of receiving and transmitting sharing of different frequency bands can be met, the multifunctional common aperture is realized, the manufacturing cost can be saved, and the difficulty of installation and maintenance is reduced.
The design method of the traditional broadband phased array antenna is difficult to achieve both broadband and ultra-wide angle scanning, for example, researches show that the broadband dual-polarized phased array antenna taking an Archimedes spiral antenna as an array can realize a maximum grating lobe-free scanning angle of 30 degrees in a frequency band of 0.94-2.1GHz by adopting an aperiodic concentric ring arrangement mode and a genetic algorithm for optimization; the maximum scan angle of the microstrip patch phased array can reach 66 degrees, but the bandwidth is only 3.3 percent. Vivaldi antennas are a generic term for non-periodic continuous tapered slot antennas, including slot antennas, tapered slot antennas, end-fire slot line antennas, and the like. The idea of expanding bandwidth is to reduce the lowest cut-off frequency by extending the unit size longitudinally. Thus to realizeUltra wideband performance, vivaldi antennas are typically 2-3λ in height high . Such high profile limits their use in some carrier platforms where aerodynamic layout requirements are high. In addition, the larger slot line longitudinal current will bring up the cross polarization component when the antenna scans. In particular, in the case of the diagonal in-plane scanning, a phenomenon in which the cross polarization component is even larger than the main polarization component is often observed. In cooperation with Harris, munk, 2003, a model of a 28X 28 dual polarized array operating at 2-18GHz was developed with a cross section of structure above the floor of only lambda low /10(λ low Is the lowest operating frequency). Such antennas are generally referred to hereinafter as tightly coupled phased array antennas. In the tight coupling antenna prototype, an external balun, a double-cylinder axis and a ground shielding device are adopted as a feed network. However, the external feed structure has the defects of high price, large volume and heavy weight, and is difficult to put into practical use.
In order to solve this problem, vouvakis team proposed a Planar Ultra-wideband Modular Antenna (PUMA) modular antenna array in 2010, the design feed structure is very simple, the dipole is fed by only parallel double lines, the parallel double lines are composed of a ground wire and a signal wire connected with an inner conductor of a coaxial connector, and the current on the signal wire is greater than the current on the ground wire, so that the array generates periodic net current in the longitudinal axis direction, and a short-circuit probe is required to shift the common mode resonance out of the working frequency band. Finally, the antenna array works in the frequency range of 7-21 GHz, and can realize + -45-degree scanning angle coverage, but the working bandwidth of the design is narrower and only 3 octaves due to unbalanced feed.
In summary, the conventional ultra-wideband antenna has the problems of narrow scanning, high profile and poor polarization purity. The dipole proposed by the Vouvakis team is fed by parallel double lines, and can realize ultra wide band angular scanning under the condition of lower profile, but the disadvantages of narrow working band, additional radiation and loss possibly generated by the surface current of an outer conductor, such as distortion of a pattern, and the like can occur due to the fact that unbalanced feeding is directly used on the design of a feed network. Accordingly, there is room for improvement in the design of ultra wideband antenna arrays.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the prior art and provide a wide-angle scanning ultra-wideband dual-polarized phased array antenna with higher freedom and wider frequency band based on a balanced feed structure.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention provides a wide-angle scanning ultra-wideband dual-polarized phased array antenna, which comprises a radiation unit layer, a wide-angle matching layer arranged above the radiation unit layer, a balanced feed structure matched with the radiation unit layer and a metal grounding plate arranged below the balanced feed structure, wherein the radiation unit layer comprises a horizontal medium substrate, dipole units periodically arranged on one surface of the horizontal medium substrate in a rectangular grid mode and reinforcing coupling patches periodically arranged on the other surface of the horizontal medium substrate, each reinforcing coupling patch is opposite to the vertical crossing positions of the adjacent four dipole units one by one, any dipole unit comprises two spaced radiation arms, through holes are formed in one of the radiation arms, the balanced feed structure comprises parallel grounding double wires, feeder wires and open-circuit branches and corresponds to the dipole units one by one, one ends of the two parallel grounding wires of the parallel grounding double wires are connected with the metal grounding plate, the other ends of the two parallel grounding double wires are respectively connected with different radiation arms of the dipole units, one ends of the feeder wires are connected with coaxial wires, and the other ends of the two parallel grounding wires extend to the vertical crossing the through holes to the vertical crossing positions of the adjacent four dipole units, and the two open-circuit branches are simultaneously positioned on the two open-circuit branches.
Different from the unbalanced feed mode of the dipoles proposed by the Vouvakis team by parallel double-line feed, based on the principle of balun balance and unbalanced conversion, the wide-angle scanning ultra-wideband dual-polarized phased array antenna adopts a balanced feed structure of double parallel grounding wires, two parallel grounding wires form two grounding points, a feeder is not directly connected with a radiating arm of a dipole unit, but passes through a via hole on one radiating arm of the dipole unit to be connected with an open branch, so that the current on the two radiating arms of the dipole unit is in the same amplitude and in the opposite direction, a common mode resonance point is directly removed from an operating frequency band, a short circuit line is not required to be arranged, in addition, the traditional unbalanced feed structure can only adjust the radiating frequency band by adjusting the distance and thickness of the parallel double-line, the degree of freedom is low, and the radiating frequency band can be adjusted by adjusting parameters such as the distance thickness of the parallel grounding double-line, the thickness of the feeder, the shape size of the open branch, and the like, so that the wide frequency band is realized.
In one embodiment, the wide-angle matching layer comprises a super-surface dielectric substrate and metal patches periodically arranged on the surface of the super-surface dielectric substrate, wherein the metal patches are designed to be of sub-wavelength size, and through grooves are formed in the surface of the metal patches.
In one embodiment, the metal patch is circular in shape and is divided into four right-angle sector patches through a cross-shaped through slot in the middle.
In one embodiment, the wide-angle matching layer further includes a dielectric matching substrate disposed between the super-surface dielectric substrate and the dipole unit, the open-circuit branch is printed on a surface of the dielectric matching substrate opposite to the super-surface dielectric substrate, and the feeder line extends into the dielectric matching substrate through the via hole and is connected with the open-circuit branch.
In one embodiment, the open-circuit branch is designed as a metal patch formed by sequentially connecting a circle, a strip shape and a trapezoid, and the trapezoid part and the circular part of the open-circuit branch are respectively positioned above different radiation arms.
In one embodiment, a supporting dielectric plate is arranged between the radiation unit layer and the metal grounding plate, through holes are formed in the horizontal dielectric substrate and the grid blank corresponding to the arrangement of the dipole units on the supporting dielectric plate, and blind holes are concavely formed in one face, facing the radiation unit layer, of the wide-angle matching layer corresponding to the through holes. Through holes are correspondingly formed in each substrate for supporting the balanced feed structure, and through hole digging is carried out on the substrate, air columns are introduced to reduce dielectric constants, so that surface waves possibly occurring in the working frequency band of the array are eliminated.
In one embodiment, the dipole unit is composed of two diamond-shaped metal sheets with the same shape and size, which are arranged at intervals, and the two diamond-shaped metal sheets are symmetrically distributed based on a gap in the middle.
In one embodiment, the media support plate is comprised of several layers of Rogers media plates.
In one embodiment, the feeder line is connected to the coaxial line through a via on the metal ground plate.
In one embodiment, the wide-angle matching layer includes a first dielectric plate, a second dielectric plate and a third dielectric plate that are stacked in sequence, and through holes with the same positions and the same apertures are formed in grid blank positions corresponding to the arrangement of the dipole units on the first dielectric plate, the second dielectric plate and the third dielectric plate.
Compared with the prior art, the wide-angle scanning ultra-wideband dual-polarized phased array antenna provided by the invention has the advantages that: based on the balun principle, a balance structure such as a parallel grounding double-wire is designed to feed the dipole unit, so that a common-mode resonance point is removed outside a working frequency band, unbalance phenomenon on two radiation arms of the dipole unit is avoided, a short-circuit line is not required to be introduced, and meanwhile, impedance matching is effectively regulated through an open-circuit branch connected with a feeder line, so that the bandwidth is further expanded; in addition, the array section height is only 0.39 times of high-frequency wavelength, which is greatly lower than that of the traditional Vivaldi antenna, so that the cross polarization degree is effectively reduced, and the obtained tightly coupled antenna array impedance bandwidth is 9.2-45GHz (Active S in side emission) 11 5.6, E-plane 45 DEG scanning Active S 11 5 DEG scanning Active S of H surface with the angle of < -8.6 11 < -7), up to 4.8 octaves; simple structure, small volume, light weight, convenient processing and assembly, low cost and strong engineering practicability.
Other advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention.
In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a wide angle scanning ultra wideband dual polarized phased array antenna of the present invention; the antenna array shown in the figure is a 10×10 array, but only feeds for the antenna elements of the center 8×8, and the antenna elements of the periphery one turn are dummy.
Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of a super-surface structure corresponding to an antenna element in the embodiment shown in fig. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of a portion of the radiating element layer of the embodiment of FIG. 1 with the wide angle matching layer removed;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the dipole elements and balanced feed structure of the embodiment of FIG. 1 at a first angle;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a second angle configuration of the dipole elements and balanced feed structure of the embodiment of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the main parameters of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is a schematic side view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 after perspective treatment;
FIG. 8 shows the active reflection coefficient of the antenna element scanned in the E plane in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 9 shows the active reflection coefficient of the antenna element scanned on the H plane in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the isolation of an antenna element in the E-plane scan in the embodiment of FIG. 1;
FIG. 11 shows the isolation of the antenna elements in the embodiment of FIG. 1 during the H-plane scan;
FIG. 12 is a graph showing the gain of an antenna element in the embodiment of FIG. 1 when not scanning in an infinitely large array environment;
in fig. 13, (a) is an E-plane directional diagram of an antenna element at a frequency point of 10GHz, and (b) is an H-plane directional diagram of the antenna element at a frequency point of 10 GHz;
fig. 14 (a) shows an E-plane pattern of an antenna element at a 20GHz frequency point, and (b) shows an H-plane pattern of an antenna element at a 20GHz frequency point;
in fig. 15, (a) is an E-plane directional diagram of an antenna element at a frequency point of 30GHz, and (b) is an H-plane directional diagram of the antenna element at a frequency point of 30 GHz;
in fig. 16, (a) is an E-plane directional diagram of an antenna element at a frequency point of 40GHz, and (b) is an H-plane directional diagram of an antenna element at a frequency point of 40 GHz.
Reference numerals illustrate: the antenna comprises a radiation unit layer 1, a dipole unit 11, a radiation arm 113, a horizontal dielectric substrate 12, a 13 via hole, a 14 reinforced coupling patch, a 2 wide angle matching layer, a 21 metal patch, a 22 super surface dielectric substrate, a 23 dielectric matching substrate, a 3 balanced feed structure, a 30 parallel ground double line, a 301 parallel ground line, a 302 parallel ground line, a 31 open circuit branch joint, a 32 supporting dielectric plate, a 33 feeder line, a 4 metal ground plate and a 5 via hole.
Detailed Description
For further explanation of the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals denote like parts.
As shown in fig. 1, this embodiment is a wide-angle scanning ultra-wideband dual-polarized phased array antenna, in this embodiment, 100 antenna elements are arranged in 10×10 two dimensions, only the antenna element with 8×8 center is fed, and a round of surrounding antenna elements are connected with a 50 ohm matching load as a dummy element.
Referring to fig. 1-7 in combination, the wide-angle scanning ultra-wideband dual-polarized phased array antenna of this embodiment includes a radiation unit layer 1, a wide-angle matching layer 2 disposed above the radiation unit layer 1, a balanced feed structure 3 disposed in cooperation with the radiation unit layer 1, and a metal grounding plate 4 disposed below the balanced feed structure 3, where the radiation unit layer 1 includes a horizontal dielectric substrate 12, dipole units 11 periodically arranged on one surface of the horizontal dielectric substrate 12 in a rectangular grid, and reinforcing coupling patches 14 periodically arranged on the other surface of the horizontal dielectric substrate 12, the reinforcing coupling patches 14 are reinforcing coupling circular metal patches, and are located below the horizontal dielectric substrate 12 and opposite to the vertical intersections of adjacent four dipole units 11, any dipole unit 11 includes two spaced radiation arms 113, and one of the radiation arms 113 is provided with a via hole 13, the balanced feed structure 3 includes parallel ground double lines 30, a feeder line 33, and an open branch 31, and the balanced feed structure 3 corresponds to the dipole units 11 one by one. As shown in fig. 4, the balanced feed structure 3 is a vertically arranged dual-parallel ground wire balanced feed structure, one end of two parallel ground wires (i.e. parallel ground wires 301 and 302) of the parallel ground dual wires 30 are connected with the metal ground plate 4, the other ends are respectively connected with different radiation arms 113 of the same dipole unit 11, the ground plate between the fifty ohm coaxial line of the metal ground plate 4 and the feeder line 33 is subjected to hole digging treatment, one end of the feeder line 33 is directly connected with the coaxial line inner core through a via hole on the metal ground plate 4, and other structures for realizing impedance gradual change are not needed. The other end of the feed line 33 extends through the via 13 in the radiating arm 113 to connect with the open stub 31, the open stub 31 regulating the reactance of the feed line 33. The open-circuit stub 31 spans the gap between the two radiating arms 113 of the dipole unit 11 while being located above the two radiating arms 113 of the dipole unit 11 to introduce a phase difference.
Specifically, the wide-angle matching layer 2 includes a super-surface dielectric substrate 22, metal patches 21 periodically arranged on the surface of the super-surface dielectric substrate 22, and a dielectric matching substrate 23 disposed between the super-surface dielectric substrate 22 and the dipole unit 11. The super-surface dielectric substrate 22 and the metal patches 21 periodically arranged on the surface of the super-surface dielectric substrate 22 form a super-surface material matching layer together, wherein the metal patches 21 are formed by round metal patches with sub-wavelength dimensions and through middle cross slotting, so that the degree of freedom of circuit tuning can be increased, and the standing wave ratio of an array in H-plane scanning can be improved. The open circuit branch 31 is printed on the surface of the medium matching substrate 23 opposite to the super-surface medium substrate 22, and the feeder line 33 extends into the medium matching substrate 23 through the via hole 13 so as to be connected with the open circuit branch 31 printed on the surface of the medium matching substrate 23. Based on this, the structure of any antenna element, i.e. comprising a horizontally arranged dipole unit 11 and a horizontal dielectric substrate, a wide angle matching layer above the dipole unit 11, a balanced feed structure 3 arranged vertically through the dipole unit 11 and a metal ground plate 4 below the balanced feed structure 3.
In other embodiments, the wide-angle matching layer may further include a first dielectric plate, a second dielectric plate, and a third dielectric plate that are sequentially stacked, where the first dielectric plate, the second dielectric plate, and the third dielectric plate are pure dielectric substrates, and through holes with the same positions and apertures are formed in grid blank positions corresponding to the arrangement of the dipole units on the first dielectric plate, the second dielectric plate, and the third dielectric plate.
As shown in fig. 3, in this embodiment, the open branch 31 is designed as a metal patch formed by sequentially connecting a circular shape, a long strip shape, and a trapezoid shape, and the trapezoid portion and the circular portion of the open branch 31 are respectively located above different radiation arms 113 for better adjusting the reactance of the feeder line 33.
Referring to fig. 3 and 7 in combination, in this embodiment, a supporting dielectric plate 32 is disposed between the radiating element layer 1 and the metal ground plate 4, and the supporting dielectric plate 32 is a supporting structure formed by using multiple layers of Rogers5880 dielectric plates, so as to support the parallel ground double line 30 and the feeder line 33. Through holes 5 are formed in grid blank positions, which correspond to the arrangement of the dipole units 11, on the horizontal medium substrate 12 and the supporting medium plate 32, and through holes with the same aperture are formed in one surface, which is opposite to the radiation unit layer 1, of the medium matching substrate 23, corresponding to the through holes 5. That is, except the super-surface dielectric substrate 22, the dielectric matching substrate 23, the horizontal dielectric substrate 12 and the supporting dielectric plate 32 are all processed by hole digging, and air columns are introduced through hole digging, so that the dielectric constant is reduced, the surface waves possibly occurring in the working frequency band of the array are eliminated, and the overall mass of the array is reduced.
Fig. 6 shows specific dimensions of the dipole unit 11 and the open stub 31, and the radius of the through hole 5 on the supporting dielectric plate 32 with the dimensions shown in fig. 6 is 1.25mm, and fig. 13-16 show radiation patterns of the embodiment when dual polarization scanning is implemented, and it can be seen that the embodiment implements an impedance bandwidth of 9.2-45GHz and an Active reflection coefficient Active S at the time of side emission 11 Less than or equal to-8.6. Active reflection coefficient Active S of depression face scanning angle E face + -45 DEG 11 Less than or equal to-8.6, the H surface is +/-45 degrees, and the Active reflection coefficient is Active S 11 ≤-7。
FIG. 8 is an active standing wave ratio of the infinite array scanned in E-plane according to the embodiment; as can be seen from the figure, the active reflection coefficient of the embodiment can be smaller than-8.6 in the frequency band range of 9.2-45GHz when the scanning angle is 0 degrees. When scanned to 45 deg., an active reflection coefficient of less than-9 is achieved in this band.
FIG. 9 shows the active standing wave ratio of the infinite array scanned on the H-plane according to the embodiment; as can be seen from the figure, this embodiment can achieve an active reflection coefficient of less than-8.6 in the frequency band range of 9.2-45GHz at a scan angle of 0 ° and less than-7 in this frequency band range when scanned to 45 °.
In both fig. 8 and fig. 9, no peak occurs in the active reflection coefficient, i.e. no common mode resonance point occurs, and it is also reflected that the balanced feed structure removes the common mode resonance point outside the operating frequency band.
FIG. 10 shows the isolation of an infinite array scan in the E-plane according to the embodiment. It can be seen that this embodiment can achieve isolation less than-12 dB in the 9.2 to 45GHz band range at a scan angle of 0 deg. except at low frequencies. When the scanning angle is 45 degrees, the isolation degree can be smaller than-12 dB in the frequency band range.
Fig. 11 shows the isolation of an infinite array in an H-plane scan in this embodiment. It can be seen that this embodiment can achieve isolation less than-12 dB in the 9.2-45GHz band range at a scan angle of 0 deg. except at low frequencies. When the scanning angle is 45 degrees, the isolation degree can be smaller than-12 dB in the frequency band range.
Fig. 12 shows the gain of coplanar polarizations of the infinite array element in a non-scanning state according to the embodiment.
FIG. 13 is an E-plane and H-plane radiation pattern of the main polarization plane of the array element shown in FIG. 2 in a 10GHz frequency point non-scanning state, and (a) is an E-plane radiation pattern of the present embodiment in a 10GHz frequency point side-emitting state; (b) The radiation pattern is an H-plane radiation pattern in the 10GHz frequency point side-emission state.
FIG. 14 is an E-plane and H-plane radiation pattern of the main polarization plane of the array element shown in FIG. 2 in a 20GHz frequency point non-scanning state, (a) is an E-plane radiation pattern of the present embodiment in a 20GHz frequency point side-emitting state; (b) The radiation pattern is an H-plane radiation pattern in the 20GHz frequency point side-emission state.
FIG. 15 is an E-plane and H-plane radiation pattern of the main polarization plane of the array element shown in FIG. 2 in a 30GHz frequency point non-scanning state, (a) is an E-plane radiation pattern of the present embodiment in a 30GHz frequency point side-emitting state; (b) The radiation pattern is an H-plane radiation pattern in the 30GHz frequency point side-emission state.
FIG. 16 is an E-plane and H-plane radiation pattern of the main polarization plane of the array element shown in FIG. 2 in a 40GHz frequency non-scanning state; (a) The E-plane radiation pattern of the embodiment in the 40GHz frequency point side-emission state is shown; (b) The radiation pattern is an H-plane radiation pattern in the 40GHz frequency point side-emission state.
According to the wide-angle scanning ultra-wideband dual-polarized phased array antenna, based on the balun principle, parallel grounding double lines are designed to feed the dipole units, so that common-mode resonance points are removed outside a working frequency band, unbalance phenomenon on two radiation arms of the dipole units is avoided, a short-circuit line is not required to be introduced, and meanwhile, impedance matching is effectively regulated through open-circuit branches connected with a feeder line, so that the bandwidth is further expanded; in addition, the array section height is only 0.39 times of high-frequency wavelength, which is greatly lower than that of the traditional Vivaldi antenna, so that the cross polarization degree is effectively reduced, and the obtained tightly coupled antenna array impedance bandwidth is 9.2-45GHz (Active S in side emission) 11 5.6, E-plane 45 DEG scanning Active S 11 5 DEG scanning Active S of H surface with the angle of < -8.6 11 < -7), up to 4.8 octaves; simple structure, small volume, light weight, convenient processing and assembly, low cost and strong engineering practicability.
In the foregoing, only the embodiments of the present invention have been described, and it should be noted that any changes and substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention should be covered in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The wide-angle scanning ultra-wideband dual-polarized phased array antenna is characterized by comprising a radiation unit layer (1), a wide-angle matching layer (2) arranged above the radiation unit layer (1), a balanced feed structure (3) matched with the radiation unit layer (1) and a metal grounding plate (4) arranged below the balanced feed structure (3), wherein the radiation unit layer (1) comprises a horizontal medium substrate (12), dipole units (11) periodically arranged on one surface of the horizontal medium substrate (12) in a rectangular grid shape and reinforcing coupling patches (14) periodically arranged on the other surface of the horizontal medium substrate (12), the reinforcing coupling patches (14) are opposite to the vertical crossing parts of the adjacent four dipole units (11), any dipole unit (11) comprises two spaced radiation arms (113) and one of the radiation arms (113) is provided with a via hole (13), the balanced feed structure (3) comprises parallel grounding double wires (30), a feeder (33), an open circuit branch (31) and reinforcing coupling patches (14) periodically arranged on the other surface of the horizontal medium substrate (12), the reinforcing coupling patches (14) are opposite to the vertical crossing parts of the adjacent four dipole units (11), the two dipole units (113) are connected with one another in parallel with one another, the two parallel grounding wires (113) are connected with one another, and the two parallel grounding wires (113) are respectively, the other end of the open stub (31) penetrates through the through hole (13) to extend into the wide-angle matching layer (2) and is connected with the open stub (31), and the open stub (31) is located above two radiation arms (113) of the dipole unit (11) at the same time.
2. The wide-angle scanning ultra-wideband dual-polarized phased array antenna of claim 1, wherein the wide-angle matching layer (2) comprises a super-surface dielectric substrate (22) and metal patches (21) periodically arranged on the surface of the super-surface dielectric substrate (22), the metal patches (21) are designed to be of sub-wavelength size, and through grooves are formed in the surface of the metal patches (21).
3. A wide angle scanning ultra wideband dual polarized phased array antenna as claimed in claim 2, wherein said metal patches (21) are circular overall and divided into four right angle sector patches by a central cross-slot.
4. The wide angle scanning ultra wideband dual polarized phased array antenna of claim 2, wherein said wide angle matching layer (2) further comprises a dielectric matching substrate (23) disposed between said ultra-surface dielectric substrate (22) and said dipole unit (11), said open circuit stub (31) being printed on a side of said dielectric matching substrate (23) facing said ultra-surface dielectric substrate (22), said feed line (33) extending through said via (13) into said dielectric matching substrate (23) for connection with said open circuit stub (31).
5. The wide-angle scanning ultra-wideband dual-polarized phased array antenna of any of claims 1-4, characterized in that the open stub (31) is designed as a metal patch of circular, elongated, trapezoidal shape connected in sequence, and the trapezoidal and circular portions of the open stub (31) are located above different radiating arms (113), respectively.
6. The wide-angle scanning ultra-wideband dual-polarized phased array antenna of any one of claims 1-4, wherein a supporting dielectric plate (32) is arranged between the radiation unit layer (1) and the metal grounding plate (4), through holes (5) are formed in grid blank positions, corresponding to the dipole units (11), on the horizontal dielectric plate (12) and the supporting dielectric plate (32), and blind holes are concavely formed in one face, facing the radiation unit layer (1), of the wide-angle matching layer (2) corresponding to the through holes (5).
7. A wide-angle scanning ultra-wideband dual-polarized phased array antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that said dipole elements (11) consist of two diamond-shaped metal sheets of identical shape and size arranged at intervals, both said diamond-shaped metal sheets being symmetrically distributed based on a gap in between.
8. The wide-angle scanning ultra-wideband dual-polarized phased array antenna of any of claims 1-4, wherein said dielectric support plate (32) is comprised of several layers of Rogers5880 dielectric plates.
9. A wide-angle scanning ultra-wideband dual-polarized phased array antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that said feed line (33) is connected to said coaxial line via a via on said metal ground plate (4).
10. The wide-angle scanning ultra-wideband dual-polarized phased array antenna of claim 1, wherein the wide-angle matching layer (2) comprises a first dielectric plate, a second dielectric plate and a third dielectric plate which are sequentially stacked, and grid blank positions corresponding to the dipole units (11) on the first dielectric plate, the second dielectric plate and the third dielectric plate are provided with through holes with the same positions and the same apertures.
CN202310677411.3A 2023-06-08 2023-06-08 Wide-angle scanning ultra-wideband dual-polarized phased array antenna Pending CN116565557A (en)

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CN202310677411.3A CN116565557A (en) 2023-06-08 2023-06-08 Wide-angle scanning ultra-wideband dual-polarized phased array antenna

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310677411.3A CN116565557A (en) 2023-06-08 2023-06-08 Wide-angle scanning ultra-wideband dual-polarized phased array antenna

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CN116565557A true CN116565557A (en) 2023-08-08

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