CN106410416A - Frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna based on varactor diodes - Google Patents
Frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna based on varactor diodes Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于变容二极管的频率和极化可重构微带天线，包括圆形贴片、四个扇形贴片、四对变容二极管、五个电感、五个方形贴片、五个金属化通孔、圆形金属地板、介质基板、馈电端口，其中圆形贴片、四个扇形贴片、四对变容二极管、五个电感、五个方形贴片位于介质基板的上表面，圆形金属地板和馈电端口位于介质基板的下表面；四对变容二极管均匀跨接在圆形贴片和四个扇形贴片之间；四个扇形贴片对称地围绕着圆形贴片放置；五个金属化通孔分别连接五个方形贴片的中心和圆形金属地板。本发明通过引入两组变容二极管分别控制微带天线的两个正交模式来实现一种结构简单、低剖面、可靠性高、具有频率和极化可重构特性的微带天线。
The invention discloses a frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna based on varactor diodes, including circular patches, four sector patches, four pairs of varactor diodes, five inductors, five square patches, Five metallized through holes, circular metal floor, dielectric substrate, feed port, among which circular patches, four fan-shaped patches, four pairs of varactor diodes, five inductors, and five square patches are located on the dielectric substrate On the upper surface, the circular metal floor and the feed port are located on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate; four pairs of varactor diodes are evenly connected between the circular patch and the four sector patches; the four sector patches surround the circle symmetrically Shaped patches are placed; five metallized through-holes connect the centers of the five square patches and the circular metal floor respectively. The invention realizes a microstrip antenna with simple structure, low profile, high reliability and reconfigurable characteristics of frequency and polarization by introducing two groups of varactor diodes to respectively control two orthogonal modes of the microstrip antenna.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及微波无源器件技术领域，特别是一种基于变容二极管的频率和极化可重构微带天线。The invention relates to the technical field of microwave passive devices, in particular to a frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna based on a varactor diode.
背景技术Background technique
微带天线由于体积小、重量轻、剖面薄、易共形、制造工艺简单、成本低、易与有源器件和电路集成为单一模块等诸多优点长久以来得到各界广泛关注。然而，近年来，随着无线通信频谱变得越来越拥挤、电波多径传播造成的信号衰落越来越严重，传统的微带天线将不再适用于现代无线通信系统中。因此，具有可调的窄带带宽同时具有稳定辐射特性的频率可重构微带天线和具有抗多径衰落同时能够实现频率复用增加信道容量的极化可重构微带天线得到了广泛地研究。Microstrip antennas have been widely concerned for a long time due to many advantages such as small size, light weight, thin profile, easy conformality, simple manufacturing process, low cost, and easy integration with active devices and circuits into a single module. However, in recent years, as the wireless communication spectrum becomes more and more crowded and the signal fading caused by radio wave multipath propagation becomes more and more serious, the traditional microstrip antenna will no longer be suitable for modern wireless communication systems. Therefore, frequency reconfigurable microstrip antennas with tunable narrowband bandwidth and stable radiation characteristics and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antennas with anti-multipath fading and frequency multiplexing to increase channel capacity have been extensively studied. .
目前，大多数的频率或者极化可重构的微带天线都只能实现两个参数中单一参数的可重构，这将难以满足日益发展的无线通信系统的需求。At present, most frequency or polarization reconfigurable microstrip antennas can only realize the reconfigurability of one of the two parameters, which will be difficult to meet the needs of the growing wireless communication system.
已有文献报道了基于变容二极管的频率和极化可重构微带天线：Frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antennas based on varactor diodes have been reported in the literature:
文献1(Korosec,T.,Ritosa,P.,and Vidmar,M.,“Varactor-tuned microstrip-patchantenna with frequency and polarisation agility”,Electron.Lett.,2006(42):1015-1016.)通过引入四组电压分别控制四组变容二极管来实现天线馈电位置的电漂移，从而实现频率和极化的可重构。Document 1 (Korosec, T., Ritosa, P., and Vidmar, M., "Varactor-tuned microstrip-patchantenna with frequency and polarization agility", Electron. Lett., 2006(42):1015-1016.) by introducing Four groups of voltages respectively control four groups of varactor diodes to realize the electrical drift of the antenna feeding position, thereby realizing reconfigurable frequency and polarization.
文献2(Qin,P.Y.,Guo,Y.J.,Cai,Y.,Dutkiewicz,E.,and Liang,C.H.,“Areconfigurable antenna with frequency and polarization agility”,IEEE Antennas Wirel.Propag.Lett.,2011(10):1373-1376.)提出在传统方形贴片的周边加载四组PIN二极管和四组变容二极管，通过切换PIN二极管的状态实现天线的极化可重构，通过改变变容二极管的偏置电压实现天线在每种极化状态下的频率可重构。Literature 2 (Qin, P.Y., Guo, Y.J., Cai, Y., Dutkiewicz, E., and Liang, C.H., "Areconfigurable antenna with frequency and polarization agility", IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., 2011(10): 1373-1376.) proposed to load four sets of PIN diodes and four sets of varactor diodes on the periphery of the traditional square patch, by switching the state of the PIN diodes, the polarization of the antenna can be reconfigured, and by changing the bias voltage of the varactor diodes. The frequency of the antenna is reconfigurable in each polarization state.
文献3(Liang,B.,Sanz-Izquierdo,B.,Parker,E.A.,and Batchelor,J.C.,“A frequencyand polarization reconfigurable circularly polarized antenna using active EBG structure forsatellite navigation”,IEEE Trans.Antennas Propag.,2015(63):33-40.)提出在电磁带隙结构中加载变容二极管，通过改变变容二极管的偏置电压实现天线的频率和极化可重构。Document 3 (Liang, B., Sanz-Izquierdo, B., Parker, E.A., and Batchelor, J.C., "A frequency and polarization reconfigurable circularly polarized antenna using active EBG structure for satellite navigation", IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 2015 (63 ):33-40.) proposed to load varactor diodes in the electromagnetic bandgap structure, and realize the frequency and polarization reconfigurability of the antenna by changing the bias voltage of the varactor diodes.
但是以上三种基于变容二极管的频率和极化可重构微带天线存在以下缺点：However, the above three frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antennas based on varactor diodes have the following disadvantages:
(1)文献1中提出的可重构天线很难实现圆极化的辐射。(1) The reconfigurable antenna proposed in Document 1 is difficult to achieve circularly polarized radiation.
(2)文献2中提出的可重构天线在可调通带低端，辐射增益相对较低。(2) The reconfigurable antenna proposed in Document 2 has a relatively low radiation gain at the low end of the adjustable passband.
(3)文献3中提出的可重构天线具有复杂的结构和相对较高的剖面，这将限制其在无线通信系统中的应用。(3) The reconfigurable antenna proposed in Document 3 has a complex structure and a relatively high profile, which will limit its application in wireless communication systems.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种结构简单、剖面低、每个可重构状态下辐射性能稳定、具有频率和极化均可重构的基于变容二极管的频率和极化可重构微带天线。The object of the present invention is to provide a frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna based on varactor diodes with simple structure, low profile, stable radiation performance in each reconfigurable state, and reconfigurable frequency and polarization. .
实现本发明目的的技术解决方案为：一种基于变容二极管的频率和极化可重构微带天线，其特征在于：包括设置于介质基板上表面的圆形贴片、第一扇形贴片、第二扇形贴片、第三扇形贴片、第四扇形贴片、第一方形贴片、第二方形贴片、第三方形贴片，第四方形贴片、第五方形贴片、第一电感、第二电感、第三电感、第四电感、第五电感、第一变容二极管、第二变容二极管、第三变容二极管、第四变容二极管、第五变容二极管、第六变容二极管、第七变容二极管、第八变容二极管，设置于介质基板下表面的圆形金属接地板、馈电端口、第一圆环槽、第二圆环槽、第三圆环槽、第四圆环槽、第一圆形贴片、第二圆形贴片、第三圆形贴片、第四圆形贴片，以及垂直穿透介质基板的第一金属化通孔、第二金属化通孔、第三金属化通孔、第四金属化通孔、第五金属化通孔；The technical solution to realize the purpose of the present invention is: a frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna based on varactor diodes, characterized in that: it includes a circular patch arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, a first fan-shaped patch , the second sector patch, the third sector patch, the fourth sector patch, the first square patch, the second square patch, the third square patch, the fourth square patch, the fifth square patch, The first inductance, the second inductance, the third inductance, the fourth inductance, the fifth inductance, the first varactor diode, the second varactor diode, the third varactor diode, the fourth varactor diode, the fifth varactor diode, The sixth varactor diode, the seventh varactor diode, and the eighth varactor diode are arranged on the circular metal ground plate on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, the feed port, the first circular groove, the second circular groove, and the third circular The ring groove, the fourth ring groove, the first circular patch, the second circular patch, the third circular patch, the fourth circular patch, and the first metallized through hole vertically penetrating the dielectric substrate , the second metallized through hole, the third metallized through hole, the fourth metallized through hole, and the fifth metallized through hole;
所述第一～四扇形贴片均匀对称地分布于圆形贴片的四周，且第一～四扇形贴片短弧的各个端点分别通过第一～八变容二极管与圆形贴片相接，第一方形贴片通过第一电感与圆形贴片相接，第二～五方形贴片分别通过第二～五电感与第一～四扇形贴片长弧的中点连接；第一～五金属化通孔分别设置于第一～五方形贴片的中心，第一～四圆环槽分别以第二～五金属化通孔为圆心蚀刻在圆形金属接地板的下表面，第一～四圆环槽内部分别设置第一～四圆形贴片，馈电端口的内导体探针垂直穿过介质基板与圆形贴片连接，馈电端口的外导体与圆形金属地板连接。The first to fourth fan-shaped patches are distributed evenly and symmetrically around the circular patch, and each end point of the short arc of the first to fourth fan-shaped patches is connected to the circular patch through the first to eighth varactor diodes respectively , the first square patch is connected to the circular patch through the first inductor, and the second to fifth square patches are respectively connected to the midpoints of the long arcs of the first to fourth fan-shaped patches through the second to fifth inductors; The ~5 metallized through holes are respectively arranged in the centers of the first ~ fifth square patches, and the first ~ fourth circular grooves are respectively etched on the lower surface of the circular metal grounding plate with the second ~ fifth metallized through holes as the center of the circle. The first to fourth circular patches are respectively arranged inside the first to fourth circular grooves, the inner conductor probe of the feed port passes through the dielectric substrate vertically to connect with the circular patch, and the outer conductor of the feed port is connected to the circular metal floor .
本发明基于变容二极管的频率和极化可重构微带天线，所述的第一电感跨接在第一方形贴片和圆形贴片之间，第二电感跨接在第二方形贴片和第一扇形贴片之间，第三电感跨接在第三方形贴片和第二扇形贴片之间，第四电感跨接在第四方形贴片和第三扇形贴片之间，第五电感跨接在第五方形贴片和第四扇形贴片之间。The present invention is based on the frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna of varactor diodes, the first inductance is connected between the first square patch and the circular patch, and the second inductance is connected across the second square patch Between the patch and the first sector patch, the third inductance is connected between the third square patch and the second sector patch, and the fourth inductor is connected between the fourth square patch and the third sector patch , the fifth inductor is connected between the fifth square patch and the fourth fan-shaped patch.
本发明基于变容二极管的频率和极化可重构微带天线，所述的第一变容二极管和第二变容二极管均跨接在圆形贴片和第一扇形贴片之间，第三变容二极管和第四变容二极管均跨接在圆形贴片和第二扇形贴片之间，第五变容二极管和第六变容二极管均跨接在圆形贴片和第三扇形贴片之间，第七变容二极管和第八变容二极管均跨接在圆形贴片和第四扇形贴片之间。The present invention is based on the frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna of varactor diodes, the first varactor diode and the second varactor diode are both connected between the circular patch and the first fan-shaped patch, the second The third varactor diode and the fourth varactor diode are connected across the circular patch and the second sector patch, and the fifth varactor diode and the sixth varactor diode are connected across the circular patch and the third sector patch. Between the patches, both the seventh varactor diode and the eighth varactor diode are connected between the circular patch and the fourth sector patch.
本发明基于变容二极管的频率和极化可重构微带天线，所述的第一金属化通孔、第二金属化通孔、第三金属化通孔、第四金属化通孔、第五金属化通孔分别用来连接第一方形贴片、第二方形贴片、第三方形贴片，第四方形贴片和第五方形贴片的中心和金属接地板。The present invention is based on the frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna of the varactor diode, the first metallized through hole, the second metallized through hole, the third metallized through hole, the fourth metallized through hole, the first metallized through hole The five metallized through holes are respectively used to connect the centers of the first square patch, the second square patch, the third square patch, the fourth square patch and the fifth square patch to the metal ground plane.
本发明基于变容二极管的频率和极化可重构微带天线，所述第一圆形贴片、第三圆形贴片呈对角，且第一圆形贴片、第三圆形贴片均通过导线与一组直流电压源的正极连接，第二圆形贴片、第四圆形贴片呈对角，且第一圆形贴片、第三圆形贴片均通过导线与另一组直流电压源的正极连接，该两组直流电压源的负极均通过导线与圆形金属地板连接。The present invention is based on the frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna of varactor diodes, the first circular patch and the third circular patch are diagonal, and the first circular patch and the third circular patch The chips are all connected to the positive pole of a group of DC voltage sources through wires, the second circular patch and the fourth circular patch are diagonal, and the first circular patch and the third circular patch are connected to the other through wires. The positive poles of one set of DC voltage sources are connected, and the negative poles of the two sets of DC voltage sources are connected to the circular metal floor through wires.
本发明基于变容二极管的频率和极化可重构微带天线，该微带天线采用单层PCB板实现，其中介质基板的厚度为3.175mm。The invention is based on the frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna of the varactor diode, and the microstrip antenna is realized by a single-layer PCB board, wherein the thickness of the dielectric substrate is 3.175mm.
本发明基于变容二极管的频率和极化可重构微带天线，所述的第一电感、第二电感、第三电感、第四电感、第五电感的电感值为47nH。The present invention is based on the frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna of the varactor diode, and the inductance value of the first inductance, the second inductance, the third inductance, the fourth inductance and the fifth inductance is 47nH.
本发明基于变容二极管的频率和极化可重构微带天线，所述的第一变容二极管、第二变容二极管、第三变容二极管、第四变容二极管、第五变容二极管、第六变容二极管、第七变容二极管、第八变容二极管的型号为SMV-2019LF。The present invention is based on the frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna of varactor diodes, the first varactor diode, the second varactor diode, the third varactor diode, the fourth varactor diode, and the fifth varactor diode , The model of the sixth varactor diode, the seventh varactor diode, and the eighth varactor diode is SMV-2019LF.
本发明与现有技术相比，其显著优点为：(1)本发明的结构简单、剖面低，可在单片PCB板上实现，便于加工，生产成本低；(2)本发明的可重构天线可以在线极化、左旋圆极化和右旋圆极化，三种极化状态间切换，同时在每个极化状态下具有工作频率连续可调的特性；(3)本发明的可重构天线在每个可重构状态下辐射方向图稳定，交叉极化水平较低，非常适用于现代无线通信系统。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following remarkable advantages: (1) the present invention has simple structure and low profile, can be realized on a single PCB board, is convenient for processing, and has low production cost; (2) the present invention can be reproducible The structural antenna can be switched between the three polarization states of linear polarization, left-handed circular polarization and right-handed circular polarization, and has the characteristic of continuously adjustable operating frequency in each polarization state; (3) the adjustable The radiation pattern of the reconfigurable antenna is stable in each reconfigurable state, and the level of cross-polarization is low, which is very suitable for modern wireless communication systems.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明基于变容二极管的频率和极化可重构微带天线的俯视图。FIG. 1 is a top view of the frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna based on varactor diodes of the present invention.
图2是本发明基于变容二极管的频率和极化可重构微带天线的侧视图。Fig. 2 is a side view of the frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna based on varactor diodes of the present invention.
图3是本发明基于变容二极管的频率和极化可重构微带天线的仰视图。Fig. 3 is a bottom view of the frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna based on the varactor diode of the present invention.
图4是本发明基于变容二极管的频率和极化可重构微带天线的实施例1的结构尺寸示意图，其中(a)是俯视图，(b)是侧视图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structural dimensions of Embodiment 1 of the frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna based on the varactor diode of the present invention, wherein (a) is a top view, and (b) is a side view.
图5是本发明基于变容二极管的频率和极化可重构微带天线的实施例1在线极化状态下的回波损耗随变容二极管容值变化的仿真结果图。Fig. 5 is a graph showing the simulation results of the return loss varying with the capacitance of the varactor diode in the first embodiment of the frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna based on the varactor diode in the online polarization state.
图6是本发明基于变容二极管的频率和极化可重构微带天线的实施例1在左旋圆极化状态下的回波损耗和轴比在四组典型变容二极管容值下的仿真结果图。Fig. 6 is the simulation of the return loss and axial ratio of the frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna based on varactor diodes of the present invention in the left-handed circular polarization state under four groups of typical varactor diode capacitances Result graph.
图7是本发明基于变容二极管的频率和极化可重构微带天线的实施例1在右旋圆极化状态下的回波损耗和轴比在四组典型变容二极管容值下的仿真结果图。Fig. 7 shows the return loss and axial ratio of embodiment 1 of the frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna based on varactor diodes in the right-handed circular polarization state under four groups of typical varactor diode capacitance values Simulation result graph.
图8是本发明基于变容二极管的频率和极化可重构微带天线的实施例1在C1＝C2＝1.1pF状态下仿真的辐射方向图，其中(a)是E面的辐射方向图，(b)是H面的辐射方向图。Fig. 8 is the radiation pattern simulated in the state of C 1 =C 2 =1.1pF of Embodiment 1 of the frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna based on the varactor diode of the present invention, where (a) is the radiation of the E plane Direction diagram, (b) is the radiation pattern of the H plane.
图9是本发明基于变容二极管的频率和极化可重构微带天线的实施例1在C1＝0.3pF、C2＝0.45pF状态下仿真的辐射方向图，其中(a)是E面的辐射方向图，(b)是H面的辐射方向图。Fig. 9 is the radiation pattern simulated under the state of C 1 =0.3pF, C 2 =0.45pF of Embodiment 1 of the frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna based on the varactor diode of the present invention, wherein (a) is E The radiation pattern of the surface, (b) is the radiation pattern of the H surface.
图10是本发明基于变容二极管的频率和极化可重构微带天线的实施例1在C1＝0.45pF、C2＝0.3pF状态下仿真的辐射方向图，其中(a)是E面的辐射方向图，(b)是H面的辐射方向图。Fig. 10 is the radiation pattern simulated under the state of C 1 =0.45pF, C 2 =0.3pF of Embodiment 1 of the frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna based on the varactor diode of the present invention, wherein (a) is E The radiation pattern of the surface, (b) is the radiation pattern of the H surface.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步详细描述。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
结合图1、图2和图3，本发明基于变容二极管的频率和极化可重构微带天线，包括设置于介质基板7上表面的圆形贴片1、第一扇形贴片2、第二扇形贴片3、第三扇形贴片4、第四扇形贴片5、第一方形贴片11、第二方形贴片21、第三方形贴片31，第四方形贴片41、第五方形贴片51、第一电感13、第二电感23、第三电感33、第四电感43、第五电感53、第一变容二极管24、第二变容二极管25、第三变容二极管34、第四变容二极管35、第五变容二极管44、第六变容二极管45、第七变容二极管54、第八变容二极管55，设置于介质基板7下表面的圆形金属接地板8、馈电端口6、第一圆环槽26、第二圆环槽36、第三圆环槽46、第四圆环槽56、第一圆形贴片27、第二圆形贴片37、第三圆形贴片47、第四圆形贴片57，以及垂直穿透介质基板7的第一金属化通孔12、第二金属化通孔22、第三金属化通孔32、第四金属化通孔42、第五金属化通孔52；1, 2 and 3, the frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna based on varactor diodes in the present invention includes a circular patch 1, a first fan-shaped patch 2, The second sector patch 3, the third sector patch 4, the fourth sector patch 5, the first square patch 11, the second square patch 21, the third square patch 31, the fourth square patch 41, Fifth square patch 51, first inductance 13, second inductance 23, third inductance 33, fourth inductance 43, fifth inductance 53, first varactor diode 24, second varactor diode 25, third varactor The diode 34, the fourth varactor diode 35, the fifth varactor diode 44, the sixth varactor diode 45, the seventh varactor diode 54, and the eighth varactor diode 55 are arranged on the circular metal junction on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 7. Floor 8, feed port 6, first circular groove 26, second circular groove 36, third circular groove 46, fourth circular groove 56, first circular patch 27, second circular patch 37. The third circular patch 47, the fourth circular patch 57, and the first metallized through hole 12, the second metallized through hole 22, the third metallized through hole 32 that vertically penetrate the dielectric substrate 7, The fourth metallized through hole 42, the fifth metallized through hole 52;
所述第一～四扇形贴片2、3、4、5均匀对称地分布于圆形贴片1的四周，且第一～四扇形贴片2、3、4、5短弧的各个端点分别通过第一～八变容二极管24、25、34、35、44、45、54、55与圆形贴片1相接，第一方形贴片11通过第一电感13与圆形贴片1相接，第二～五方形贴片21、31、41、51分别通过第二～五电感23、33、43、53与第一～四扇形贴片2、3、4、5长弧的中点连接；第一～五金属化通孔12、22、32、42、52分别设置于第一～五方形贴片11、21、31、41、51的中心，第一～四圆环槽26、36、46、56分别以第二～五金属化通孔22、32、42、52为圆心蚀刻在圆形金属接地板8的下表面，第一～四圆环槽26、36、46、56内部分别设置第一～四圆形贴片27、37、47、57，馈电端口6的内导体探针垂直穿过介质基板7与圆形贴片1连接，馈电端口6的外导体与圆形金属地板8连接。The first to fourth fan-shaped patches 2, 3, 4, and 5 are evenly and symmetrically distributed around the circular patch 1, and the endpoints of the short arcs of the first to fourth fan-shaped patches 2, 3, 4, and 5 are respectively The first to eighth varactor diodes 24, 25, 34, 35, 44, 45, 54, 55 are connected to the circular patch 1, and the first square patch 11 is connected to the circular patch 1 through the first inductance 13. Connected, the second to fifth square patches 21, 31, 41, 51 respectively pass through the second to fifth inductors 23, 33, 43, 53 and the first to fourth fan-shaped patches 2, 3, 4, 5 long arcs Point connection; the first to fifth metallized through holes 12, 22, 32, 42, 52 are respectively arranged in the centers of the first to fifth square patches 11, 21, 31, 41, 51, and the first to fourth circular grooves 26 . The first to fourth circular patches 27, 37, 47, 57 are arranged inside 56 respectively, the inner conductor probe of the feeding port 6 passes through the dielectric substrate 7 vertically to connect with the circular patch 1, and the outer conductor of the feeding port 6 Connect with circular metal floor 8.
本发明基于变容二极管的频率和极化可重构微带天线，所述的第一电感13跨接在第一方形贴片11和圆形贴片1之间，第二电感23跨接在第二方形贴片21和第一扇形贴片2之间，第三电感33跨接在第三方形贴片31和第二扇形贴片3之间，第四电感43跨接在第四方形贴片41和第三扇形贴片4之间，第五电感53跨接在第五方形贴片51和第四扇形贴片5之间。The present invention is based on the frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna of varactor diodes, the first inductance 13 is connected between the first square patch 11 and the circular patch 1, and the second inductance 23 is connected across Between the second square patch 21 and the first fan-shaped patch 2, the third inductor 33 is connected between the third square patch 31 and the second fan-shaped patch 3, and the fourth inductor 43 is connected across the fourth square patch. Between the patch 41 and the third sector patch 4 , the fifth inductor 53 is connected between the fifth square patch 51 and the fourth sector patch 5 .
本发明基于变容二极管的频率和极化可重构微带天线，所述的第一变容二极管24和第二变容二极管25均跨接在圆形贴片1和第一扇形贴片2之间，第三变容二极管34和第四变容二极管35均跨接在圆形贴片1和第二扇形贴片3之间，第五变容二极管44和第六变容二极管45均跨接在圆形贴片1和第三扇形贴片4之间，第七变容二极管54和第八变容二极管55均跨接在圆形贴片1和第四扇形贴片5之间。The present invention is based on the frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna of varactor diodes, and the first varactor diode 24 and the second varactor diode 25 are both connected across the circular patch 1 and the first fan-shaped patch 2 Between, the third varactor diode 34 and the fourth varactor diode 35 are connected between the circular patch 1 and the second fan-shaped patch 3, and the fifth varactor diode 44 and the sixth varactor diode 45 are connected across Connected between the circular patch 1 and the third sector patch 4 , the seventh varactor diode 54 and the eighth varactor diode 55 are connected between the circular patch 1 and the fourth sector patch 5 .
本发明基于变容二极管的频率和极化可重构微带天线，所述的第一金属化通孔12、第二金属化通孔22、第三金属化通孔32、第四金属化通孔42、第五金属化通孔52分别用来连接第一方形贴片11、第二方形贴片21、第三方形贴片31，第四方形贴片41和第五方形贴片51的中心和金属接地板8。The present invention is based on the frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna of varactor diodes, the first metallized through hole 12, the second metallized through hole 22, the third metallized through hole 32, the fourth metallized through hole The hole 42 and the fifth metallized through hole 52 are respectively used to connect the first square patch 11, the second square patch 21, the third square patch 31, the fourth square patch 41 and the fifth square patch 51. Center and metal ground plate8.
本发明基于变容二极管的频率和极化可重构微带天线，所述的第一变容二极管24、第二变容二极管25、第三变容二极管34、第四变容二极管35、第五变容二极管44、第六变容二极管45、第七变容二极管54、第八变容二极管55的型号为SMV-2019LF。The present invention is based on the frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna of varactor diodes, the first varactor diode 24, the second varactor diode 25, the third varactor diode 34, the fourth varactor diode 35, the first varactor diode The models of the fifth varactor diode 44 , the sixth varactor diode 45 , the seventh varactor diode 54 and the eighth varactor diode 55 are SMV-2019LF.
本发明基于变容二极管的频率和极化可重构微带天线，所述的第一电感13、第二电感23、第三电感33、第四电感43、第五电感53的电感值为47nH。The present invention is based on the frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna of varactor diodes, and the inductance values of the first inductance 13, the second inductance 23, the third inductance 33, the fourth inductance 43, and the fifth inductance 53 are 47nH .
本发明基于变容二极管的频率和极化可重构微带天线，所述第一圆形贴片27、第三圆形贴片47呈对角，且第一圆形贴片27、第三圆形贴片47均通过导线与一组直流电压源的正极连接，第二圆形贴片37、第四圆形贴片57呈对角，且第一圆形贴片27、第三圆形贴片47均通过导线与另一组直流电压源的正极连接，该两组直流电压源的负极均通过导线与圆形金属地板8连接。The present invention is based on the frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna of varactor diodes, the first circular patch 27 and the third circular patch 47 are diagonal, and the first circular patch 27 and the third circular patch 47 Circular patch 47 is all connected with the positive pole of one group of DC voltage source by wire, and the second circular patch 37, the 4th circular patch 57 are diagonal, and the first circular patch 27, the 3rd circular patch The patches 47 are all connected to the positive poles of another group of DC voltage sources through wires, and the negative poles of the two groups of DC voltage sources are connected to the circular metal floor 8 through wires.
本发明基于变容二极管的频率和极化可重构微带天线使用单层PCB板实现，其中介质基板7的厚度为3.175mm。The frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna based on varactor diodes of the present invention is realized by using a single-layer PCB board, wherein the thickness of the dielectric substrate 7 is 3.175 mm.
本发明基于变容二极管的频率和极化可重构微带天线，通过改变两组直流电压来分别控制两组变容二极管的容值，从而改变天线的两个正交模式(TM01和TM10)的谐振频率。一方面，当两组电压保持相同的电压值时，天线将产生水平线极化的辐射，同时，通过同步改变两组电压的数值，可以实现天线在线极化状态下的频率可重构；另一方面，通过恰当调节两组控制电压，使两个正交模式中的一个模式的谐振频率升高，另一个模式的谐振频率降低，形成一个耦合的通带，从而在两个模式谐振频率之间的某个频率处，两个正交模式的辐射场幅度相同，相位相差90°，就可形成圆极化辐射，交换两组控制电压的值就可以实现天线左旋/右旋圆极化重构，调整两组电压值可以实现天线在左旋或右旋圆极化状态下的频率可重构。The present invention is based on the frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antennas of varactor diodes, and controls the capacitance values of two groups of varactor diodes respectively by changing two sets of DC voltages, thereby changing the two orthogonal modes (TM 01 and TM 01) of the antenna. 10 ) Resonant frequency. On the one hand, when the two sets of voltages maintain the same voltage value, the antenna will produce horizontal linearly polarized radiation, and at the same time, by synchronously changing the values of the two sets of voltages, the frequency reconfigurability of the antenna in the state of line polarization can be realized; on the other hand, On the one hand, by properly adjusting the two sets of control voltages, the resonance frequency of one of the two orthogonal modes increases, and the resonance frequency of the other mode decreases, forming a coupled passband, so that the resonance frequency between the two modes At a certain frequency, the radiation fields of the two orthogonal modes have the same amplitude and a phase difference of 90° to form circularly polarized radiation, and the left-handed/right-handed circular polarization reconstruction of the antenna can be realized by exchanging the values of the two sets of control voltages , the frequency reconfigurability of the antenna in the left-handed or right-handed circular polarization state can be realized by adjusting two sets of voltage values.
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.
实施例1Example 1
结合图4～10，以可调带宽为1.76GHz～2.31GHz的基于变容二极管的频率和极化可重构微带天线为例，采用的介质基板8相对介电常数为2.2，厚度为3.175mm，损耗角正切为0.0009。该可重构微带天线的各尺寸参数如下：圆形贴片1的半径为R1＝20mm，第一扇形贴片2、第二扇形贴片3、第三扇形贴片4和第四扇形贴片5的半径均为R2＝36mm，其角度均为35o，馈电端口6特性阻抗为50欧姆，其内导体探针的半径R＝0.65mm，距离圆形贴片1的圆心R3＝10mm，第一圆形贴片27、第二圆形贴片37、第三圆形贴片47和第四圆形贴片57的半径均为R4＝3mm，介质基板7和圆形金属地板8的半径均为Rg＝50mm，第一方形贴片11、第二方形贴片21、第三方形贴片31、第四方形贴片41和第五方形贴片51的边长均为L＝2mm，第一金属化通孔12、第二金属化通孔22、第三金属化通孔32、第四金属化通孔42和第五金属化通孔52的半径均为r＝0.5mm，第一圆环槽26、第二圆环槽36、第三圆环槽46和第四圆环槽56的槽宽均为S＝0.1mm，。Combining with Figures 4 to 10, taking the varactor-based frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna with an adjustable bandwidth of 1.76GHz to 2.31GHz as an example, the dielectric substrate 8 used has a relative permittivity of 2.2 and a thickness of 3.175 mm, the loss tangent is 0.0009. The size parameters of the reconfigurable microstrip antenna are as follows: the radius of the circular patch 1 is R 1 =20mm, the first sector patch 2, the second sector patch 3, the third sector patch 4 and the fourth sector patch The radius of the patch 5 is R 2 =36mm, the angle thereof is 35o, the characteristic impedance of the feed port 6 is 50 ohms, the radius of the inner conductor probe is R=0.65mm, and the distance from the center of the circular patch 1 is R 3 =10mm, the radii of the first circular patch 27, the second circular patch 37, the third circular patch 47 and the fourth circular patch 57 are all R 4 =3mm, the dielectric substrate 7 and the circular metal The radius of the floor 8 is R g =50mm, and the side lengths of the first square patch 11, the second square patch 21, the third square patch 31, the fourth square patch 41 and the fifth square patch 51 are all For L=2mm, the radii of the first metallized through hole 12, the second metallized through hole 22, the third metallized through hole 32, the fourth metallized through hole 42 and the fifth metallized through hole 52 are r= 0.5 mm, and the groove widths of the first circular groove 26 , the second circular groove 36 , the third circular groove 46 and the fourth circular groove 56 are all S=0.1 mm.
本实施例的巴伦滤波器是在ANSYS公司的商业全波电磁仿真软件HFSS.13中建模仿真。为了精确模拟变容二极管在实际情形中的各项参数对天线性能的影响，根据厂商提供的变容二极管SMV-2019LF的技术参数资料，在HFSS中使用Lumped RLC边界条件对变容二极管进行精确建模。The balun filter of this embodiment is modeled and simulated in the commercial full-wave electromagnetic simulation software HFSS.13 of ANSYS. In order to accurately simulate the influence of various parameters of the varactor diode on the performance of the antenna in actual situations, according to the technical parameter data of the varactor diode SMV-2019LF provided by the manufacturer, the Lumped RLC boundary condition is used in HFSS to accurately build the varactor diode. mold.
图5是本实施例中的基于变容二极管的频率和极化可重构微带天线在线极化状态下的回波损耗随变容二极管容值变化的仿真结果图。从图中的结果可以看出，随着变容二极管的容值C1和C2同时从0.35pF变化到2pF，该天线在线极化状态下可以实现工作频率在1.76GHz～2.31GHz范围内连续可调，相对可调带宽为27.03％，且可调通带内回波损耗均低于-10dB。Fig. 5 is a simulation result diagram of the return loss of the frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna based on the varactor diode in the present embodiment in the linear polarization state as a function of the capacitance value of the varactor diode. It can be seen from the results in the figure that as the capacitances C 1 and C 2 of the varactor diodes are changed from 0.35pF to 2pF at the same time, the antenna can achieve continuous operation in the range of 1.76GHz to 2.31GHz under the state of linear polarization. Adjustable, the relative adjustable bandwidth is 27.03%, and the return loss in the adjustable passband is lower than -10dB.
图6和图7是本实施例中的基于变容二极管的频率和极化可重构微带天线在左旋和右旋圆极化状态下的回波损耗和轴比在四组典型变容二极管容值下的仿真结果图。从图中的结果可以看出，该天线可以在左旋或者右旋圆极化状态下实现工作频率在1.88GHz～2.28GHz范围内可调,相对可调带宽19.23％，且可调通带内回波损耗均低于-10dB，轴比均低于3dB。需要说明的是，虽然图中结果的轴比没有完全覆盖整个可调通带，但是可以通过选择合适的变容二极管容值来实现可调的轴比带宽覆盖整个可调通带。Figure 6 and Figure 7 are the return loss and axial ratio of the frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna based on varactor diodes in this embodiment in the left-handed and right-handed circular polarization states in four typical varactor diodes The simulation result graph under capacitance value. From the results in the figure, it can be seen that the antenna can be adjusted in the range of 1.88GHz to 2.28GHz in the left-handed or right-handed circular polarization state, the relative adjustable bandwidth is 19.23%, and the adjustable passband back The wave loss is lower than -10dB, and the axial ratio is lower than 3dB. It should be noted that although the axial ratio of the results in the figure does not completely cover the entire adjustable passband, the adjustable axial ratio bandwidth can cover the entire adjustable passband by selecting an appropriate varactor capacitance.
图8是本实施例中的基于变容二极管的频率和极化可重构微带天线在C1＝C2＝1.1pF状态下仿真的辐射方向图，其中图8(a)是E面的辐射方向图，图8(b)是H面的辐射方向图。从图中的结果可以看出，该天线具有良好的全向辐射特性，同时具有良好的交叉极化水平，低于-27dB。Fig. 8 is the radiation pattern of the frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna based on the varactor diode in this embodiment simulated under the state of C 1 =C 2 =1.1pF, wherein Fig. 8(a) is the E-plane Radiation pattern, Figure 8(b) is the radiation pattern of the H surface. From the results in the figure, it can be seen that the antenna has good omnidirectional radiation characteristics, and at the same time has a good cross-polarization level, which is lower than -27dB.
图9是本实例中的基于变容二极管的频率和极化可重构微带天线在C1＝0.3pF、C2＝0.45pF状态下仿真的辐射方向图，其中图9(a)是E面的辐射方向图，图9(b)是H面的辐射方向图。从图中的结果可以看出，该天线具有良好的左旋圆极化辐射特性，同时具有良好的交叉极化水平，低于-19.4dB。Fig. 9 is the radiation pattern simulated under the condition of C 1 =0.3pF, C 2 =0.45pF of frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna based on varactor diode in this example, wherein Fig. 9(a) is E The radiation pattern of the surface, Figure 9 (b) is the radiation pattern of the H surface. From the results in the figure, it can be seen that the antenna has good radiation characteristics of left-handed circular polarization, and at the same time has a good cross-polarization level, which is lower than -19.4dB.
图10是本实例中的基于变容二极管的频率和极化可重构微带天线在C1＝0.45pF、C2＝0.3pF状态下仿真的辐射方向图，，其中图10(a)是E面的辐射方向图，图10(b)是H面的辐射方向图。从图中的结果可以看出，该天线具有良好的右旋圆极化辐射特性，同时具有良好的交叉极化水平，低于-19.4dB。Fig. 10 is the radiation pattern simulated in the state of C 1 =0.45pF, C 2 =0.3pF of the frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna based on the varactor diode in this example, wherein Fig. 10(a) is The radiation pattern of the E plane, Figure 10(b) is the radiation pattern of the H plane. From the results in the figure, it can be seen that the antenna has good right-handed circular polarization radiation characteristics, and also has a good cross-polarization level, which is lower than -19.4dB.
综上所述，本发明基于变容二极管的频率和极化可重构微带天线，具有低剖面、结构简单、每个可重构状态下辐射特性稳定等优点，该可重构微带天线非常适用于现代无线通信系统。In summary, the frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna based on varactor diodes of the present invention has the advantages of low profile, simple structure, and stable radiation characteristics in each reconfigurable state. The reconfigurable microstrip antenna Ideal for modern wireless communication systems.
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