CN107987294A - 一种太阳能电池板的背板材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种太阳能电池板的背板材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107987294A
CN107987294A CN201711190793.8A CN201711190793A CN107987294A CN 107987294 A CN107987294 A CN 107987294A CN 201711190793 A CN201711190793 A CN 201711190793A CN 107987294 A CN107987294 A CN 107987294A
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刘存玉
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JIANGSU MINGYU NEW ENERGY Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种太阳能电池板的背板材料及其制备方法，含有按重量份数计的如下组分：PET：45~70份，含氟树脂：3~10份，纳米二氧化硅：0~5份，纳米二氧化钛：0~2份，紫外吸收剂：1~2份，抗老化剂：3~8份，稳定剂：1~5份，溶剂：6~20份。其制备方法包括：（1）将含氟树脂、纳米二氧化硅、纳米二氧化钛、紫外吸收剂充分混合后加入溶剂中溶解，制成含氟树脂涂布液；（2）将抗老化剂、稳定剂和PET加热溶解，充分混合后挤出成型，制成太阳能电池背板PET基材；（3）将制成的含氟树脂涂布液加热气化，并将气体通入电离管中，将电离后的气体喷涂在制成的太阳能电池背板PET基材的两面，形成太阳能电池背板。本发明制成的太阳能电池背板能够有效延长太阳能电池背板的使用寿命。

Description

一种太阳能电池板的背板材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于太阳能电池装置领域，具体涉及一种太阳能电池板的背板材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
太阳能电池组件是太阳能发电的核心部分，其主要包括太阳能电池面板、电池片和太阳能电池背板。其中太阳能电池面板和太阳能电池背板将电池片封装起来，主要为了保护电池片不受外界环境侵蚀而破坏，因此对太阳能电池面板和背板的耐候性要求较高，尤其是太阳能电池背板还需要具有良好的绝缘性。为了保证太阳能电池组件的使用寿命，对背板的整体性能也提出了更高的要求，目前，太阳能电池背板的基材主要是PET，PET具有良好的力学性能和突出的绝缘性，但是理论上以PET作基材的太阳能背板的使用寿命为25年，这就意味着每25年就需要对太阳能电池组件更换一次背板，这无形中增加了太阳能电池组件的使用成本，阻碍了太阳能发电技术的推广和应用。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术问题，延长PET作基材的太阳能背板使用寿命，提高太阳能电池背板的绝缘性和耐候性。本发明提出一种太阳能电池板的背板材料及其制备方法，具体方案如下：
一种太阳能电池板的背板材料，含有按重量份数计的如下组分：
PET 45~70份
含氟树脂 3~10份
纳米二氧化硅 0~5份
纳米二氧化钛 0~2份
紫外吸收剂 1~2份
抗老化剂 3~8份
稳定剂 1~5份
溶剂 6~20份
所述含氟树脂为丙烯酸改性含氟聚合物，具体为三氟氯乙烯、偏氟氯乙烯、乙烯基醚、丙烯酸酯的共聚物。上述含氟树脂具有疏水、疏油、耐腐蚀，耐热的优点，并可以在常温下成膜。
所述紫外吸收剂为邻羟基二苯酮类紫外线吸收剂，该类紫外线吸收剂能够有效地将紫外光变为无害地热能放出，从而保护材料。并且该类紫外线吸收剂能够快速的无辐射失活，避免光化学反应的发生，防止吸收的能量转移给其他分子，热转化效率高。
所述抗老化剂中含有纳米氧化铝，具有多孔性、硬度高、尺寸稳定性好的特点，能够起到给PET增韧，防止PET薄膜粘连的效果。
所述纳米二氧化硅和纳米二样变化钛能够增强含氟树脂的阻隔性和耐候性，纳米二氧化硅和纳米二氧化钛相较于普通的氧化硅和氧化钛的尺寸稳定性更加，与含氟树脂的反应更充分，效果更好。
所述稳定剂为聚碳化二胺或碳化亚苯酯中的一种或两者的混合物。稳定剂能够提高抗老化剂、紫外吸收剂、纳米二氧化硅、纳米二氧化钛对PET的附着能力，提高太阳能电池背板的耐污性、耐磨性。
所述溶剂为醋酸乙酯、丁酮中的任意一种。溶剂的作用是溶解含氟树脂和纳米二氧化硅、纳米二氧化钛，调节其混合液的粘度，使其更容易电离。
本发明还提供一种太阳能电池板的背板材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）将含氟树脂、纳米二氧化硅、纳米二氧化钛、紫外吸收剂充分混合后加入溶剂中溶解，制成含氟树脂涂布液；
（2）将抗老化剂、稳定剂和PET加热溶解，充分混合后挤出成型，制成太阳能电池背板PET基材；
（3）将制成的含氟树脂涂布液加热气化，并将气体通入电离管中，将电离后的气体喷涂在制成的太阳能电池背板PET基材的两面，形成太阳能电池背板。
本发明的有益效果是：
1、本发明制成的太阳能电池背板具有良好的耐候性、耐污性和强度，能够有效延长太阳能电池背板的使用寿命；
2、本发明将含氟树脂以气体的形式喷涂在太阳能电池背板PET基材上，有效减少含氟树脂用量，使太阳能电池背板PET基材表面的耐候性能更好。
具体实施方式
为了便于本领域内技术人员的理解，下面结合具体实施例对本发明内容做详细说明。
实施例1
一种太阳能电池板的背板材料，含有按重量份数计的如下组分：
PET 45份
含氟树脂 3份
紫外吸收剂 1份
抗老化剂 5份
稳定剂 2份
溶剂 6份
所述含氟树脂为丙烯酸改性含氟聚合物，具体为三氟氯乙烯、偏氟氯乙烯、乙烯基醚、丙烯酸酯的共聚物。所述紫外吸收剂为邻羟基二苯酮类紫外线吸收剂。所述抗老化剂中含有纳米氧化铝。所述稳定剂为聚碳化二胺。所述溶剂为醋酸乙酯。
一种太阳能电池板的背板材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）将含氟树脂、纳米二氧化硅、纳米二氧化钛、紫外吸收剂充分混合后加入溶剂中溶解，制成含氟树脂涂布液；
（2）将抗老化剂、稳定剂和PET加热溶解，充分混合后挤出成型，制成太阳能电池背板PET基材；
（3）将制成的含氟树脂涂布液加热气化，并将气体通入电离管中，将电离后的气体喷涂在制成的太阳能电池背板PET基材的两面，形成太阳能电池背板。
实施例2
一种太阳能电池板的背板材料，含有按重量份数计的如下组分：
PET 55份
含氟树脂 5份
纳米二氧化硅 1份
纳米二氧化钛 0.5份
紫外吸收剂 1份
抗老化剂 3份
稳定剂 1份
溶剂 10份
所述含氟树脂为丙烯酸改性含氟聚合物，具体为三氟氯乙烯、偏氟氯乙烯、乙烯基醚、丙烯酸酯的共聚物。所述紫外吸收剂为邻羟基二苯酮类紫外线吸收剂。所述抗老化剂中含有纳米氧化铝。所述稳定剂为碳化亚苯酯。所述溶剂为丁酮中的任意一种。
其制备方法与实施例1相同。
实施例3
一种太阳能电池板的背板材料，含有按重量份数计的如下组分：
PET 55份
含氟树脂 10份
纳米二氧化硅 3份
纳米二氧化钛 1份
紫外吸收剂 1.2份
抗老化剂 5份
稳定剂 3份
溶剂 20份
所述含氟树脂为丙烯酸改性含氟聚合物，具体为三氟氯乙烯、偏氟氯乙烯、乙烯基醚、丙烯酸酯的共聚物。所述紫外吸收剂为邻羟基二苯酮类紫外线吸收剂。所述抗老化剂中含有纳米氧化铝。所述稳定剂为聚碳化二胺。所述溶剂为醋酸乙酯。
其制备方法与实施例1相同。
实施例4
一种太阳能电池板的背板材料，含有按重量份数计的如下组分：
PET 60份
含氟树脂 10份
纳米二氧化硅 5份
紫外吸收剂 1.8份
抗老化剂 6份
稳定剂 1~5份
溶剂 20份
所述含氟树脂为丙烯酸改性含氟聚合物，具体为三氟氯乙烯、偏氟氯乙烯、乙烯基醚、丙烯酸酯的共聚物。所述紫外吸收剂为邻羟基二苯酮类紫外线吸收剂。所述抗老化剂中含有纳米氧化铝。所述稳定剂为碳化亚苯酯。所述溶剂为丁酮。
其制备方法与实施例一相同。
实施例5
一种太阳能电池板的背板材料，含有按重量份数计的如下组分：
PET 75份
含氟树脂 10份
纳米二氧化硅 5份
纳米二氧化钛 2份
紫外吸收剂 2份
抗老化剂 8份
稳定剂 5份
溶剂 20份
所述含氟树脂为丙烯酸改性含氟聚合物，具体为三氟氯乙烯、偏氟氯乙烯、乙烯基醚、丙烯酸酯的共聚物。所述紫外吸收剂为邻羟基二苯酮类紫外线吸收剂。所述抗老化剂中含有纳米氧化铝。所述稳定剂为聚碳化二胺和碳化亚苯酯的混合物。所述溶剂为醋酸乙酯。
其制备方法与实施例一相同。
上述实施例制备的太阳能电池背板材料的具体性能如下：
抗张拉强度（N/10mm） 伸展率（%） 热收缩率（%） 分层剥离强度（N/10mm） 抗渗透率（g*m2/d） 抗电压强度（KV） 抗紫外线老化
依据标准及测试方法 ASTMD-882 ASTMD-882 ASTMD-1204 剥离 ASTMF-1249 ASTMF-149 60℃/KW紫外疝灯照150小时
实施例1 376 140 2.1 18 1.9 23 无色变
实施例2 383 135 1.2 21 2.3 25 无色变
实施例3 385 143 1.8 23 2.5 26 无色变
实施例4 392 147 2.0 25 2.5 28 无色变
实施例5 410 149 2.3 28 2.3 29 无色变
从上述测试数据可以看出，PET和含氟树脂掺量的比直接影响太阳能电池背板材料的抗张拉强度、分层剥离强度和抗电压强度。抗老化剂与PET掺量的比直接影响太阳能电池背板材料的热收缩率。纳米二氧化硅、纳米二氧化钛与PET掺量的比影响太阳能电池背板的抗渗透率。所述稳定剂是选择聚碳化二胺或碳化亚苯酯中的一种或两者的混合物对太阳能电池背板材料性能没有显著音响。所述溶剂选择醋酸乙酯或丁酮对太阳能电池背板材料的性能也没有显著影响。
通过各实施例材料掺量及其制成的太阳能电池背板材料性能的综合对比得出，实施例3中的各组分掺量为制备太阳能电池背板材料的最优掺量。

Claims (7)

1.一种太阳能电池板的背板材料，其特征在于，含有按重量份数计的如下组分：
PET 45~70份
含氟树脂 3~10份
纳米二氧化硅 0~5份
纳米二氧化钛 0~2份
紫外吸收剂 1~2份
抗老化剂 3~8份
稳定剂 1~5份
溶剂 6~20份。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种太阳能电池板的背板材料，其特征在于，所述含氟树脂为丙烯酸改性含氟聚合物，具体为三氟氯乙烯、偏氟氯乙烯、乙烯基醚、丙烯酸酯的共聚物。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种太阳能电池板的背板材料，其特征在于，所述紫外吸收剂为邻羟基二苯酮类紫外线吸收剂。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种太阳能电池板的背板材料，其特征在于，所述抗老化剂中含有纳米氧化铝。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种太阳能电池板的背板材料，其特征在于，所述稳定剂为聚碳化二胺或碳化亚苯酯中的一种或两者的混合物。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种太阳能电池板的背板材料，其特征在于，所述溶剂为醋酸乙酯、丁酮中的任意一种。
7.如权利要求1至6中任意一项所述的一种太阳能电池板的背板材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
（1）将含氟树脂、纳米二氧化硅、纳米二氧化钛、紫外吸收剂充分混合后加入溶剂中溶解，制成含氟树脂涂布液；
（2）将抗老化剂、稳定剂和PET加热溶解，充分混合后挤出成型，制成太阳能电池背板PET基材；
（3）将制成的含氟树脂涂布液加热气化，并将气体通入电离管中，将电离后的气体喷涂在制成的太阳能电池背板PET基材的两面，形成太阳能电池背板。
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