CN107982497A - 一种治疗静脉血栓的中药复方组合物及其制备和应用 - Google Patents
一种治疗静脉血栓的中药复方组合物及其制备和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗静脉血栓的中药复方组合物及其制备和应用,包含如下按质量份计的组分:地龙3~30份,三七3~30份,泽兰3~50份,木姜子2~30份,杭芍3~60份,干姜40~60份,肉桂10~30份,人参30~65份,当归15~35份,淫羊藿5~40份,巴戟天10~45份;制备时,(1)将三七、木姜子、地龙用70%乙醇回流提取,分离提取液和药渣;将(2)中的药渣、泽兰、杭芍、干姜、肉桂、人参、当归、淫羊藿、巴戟天用水提取,分离提取液和药渣;(3)合并(1)和(2)得到的提取液浓缩至稠浸膏即得。与现有技术相比,与现有技术相比,本发明配方简单,制作工艺简便,对治疗静脉血栓有显著效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医药技术领域,特别是一种治疗静脉血栓的中药复方组合物及其制备和应用。
背景技术
血栓性疾病是一类严重危害人类健康和生命的疾病,其发病率、致残率和死亡率都很高,临床上常见的血栓性疾病包括急性冠脉综合征、急性缺血性脑血管病、糖尿病患者的血栓形成、血栓闭塞性脉管炎、急性肿瘤引起的血栓等。血栓病是严重危害人类健康的常见多发病,血栓形成和梗塞在心肌梗死、脑梗死和肺梗死中扮演最主要角色。全世界每年心血管病死亡人数约1300万。我国心脏病和脑中风死亡率分别占总死亡率20%左右。在占世界人口五分之一的中国,脑卒中已成第二位致死性疾病,发病率、患病率逐年升高,其流行是造成中国疾病负担和医疗费用持续上升的主要原因。据报道,在美国,每年由下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)导致死亡的患者数为5万~20万例;在英国,DVT是继冠状动脉性心脏病及心肌梗死后的第三大心血管疾病,由其引起肺栓塞而致死的患者占住院总死亡病例的10%。因此,数十年来溶栓治疗成为上述疾病的研究焦点。1950年代,尿激酶用于治疗静脉血栓形成,紧接着链激酶治疗急性心肌梗塞获得成功,开创了溶栓疗法的新纪元。尽管溶栓药物在心脑血管病治疗中获得一些进展,但现有药物对纤维蛋白的特异性不高,有内出血危险等缺点,如何提高溶栓成功率和减少出血及再闭塞的危险性是溶栓治疗面临的重要课题。第一代溶栓药以链激酶及尿激酶局部纤维蛋白亲和低,缺乏特异性,离理想的溶栓药物尚有差距,还不能迅速、高效、特异性地溶解动静脉血栓而无出血的危险。
新一代溶栓药如组织纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA),高效特异,但易失去活性。半衰期短,治疗所需剂量高,颅内出血的发生率比其他溶栓药物高,价格也较昂贵。t-PA的突变体,如TNK-t-PA、rPA、NPA等,半衰期延长,但疗效和不良反应与重组t-PA无统计学差异。其它来源的纤溶酶原激活剂虽价格较低,但大多数都是非人源的,抗原性较强。更值得一提的是,目前国内外现有的溶栓药物对早期的急性血栓效果好,但对超过2周的慢性和机化了的血栓却很不令人满意。因此,开发研究出高效、低毒、价廉且适合我国国情的的新型溶栓药物,仍然是摆在我国医药科研工作者面前的一项艰巨任务。
血管内皮损伤、静脉回流减慢、血液高凝状态被认为是深静脉血栓形成三大因素,至今仍被公认为主要原因。数千年来,中医中药在血栓病的治疗上积累了丰富可靠的经验。血栓栓塞性疾病的中医分型尽管名目繁多,但从阴阳辨证上归根揭底分为两型:阴寒凝滞和瘀热互结。在血瘀病因上,《内经》最强调因寒致瘀,《素问·调经论》指出:“寒独留,则血凝泣,凝则血脉不通”。汉唐时代,张仲景、孙思邈随瘀血之不同而寒热均用,开虫类药化瘀之先河,明清温病学派兴起,叶天士“凉血散血”治疗原则对后世治疗瘀血影响甚深,由此负面贻害至今未消,以至于动则清热解毒、凉血化瘀,使得目前国内绝大多数中医药治疗血栓的研究学者陷入歧途。比如目前将下肢深静脉血栓患处局部的红、肿、热、痛这种本寒标热的表现就视之为瘀热互结,未免太过盲人摸象。不仅如此,迄今进行的规模较大的对血栓病的研究,采用的治疗原则和用药都偏重于寒凉,过分偏重于瘀热互结,而且处方过于庞杂,不利于寻找强效的溶栓中药研究。
申请人认为,治疗血栓采用活血化瘀是正确的通法,但加用寒凉药物进行清热凉血却是方向性的错误,后者降低了溶栓效果。也是导致至今国内尚未开发出一种强力有效溶栓中药的主要原因。
发明内容
本发明的目的是要克服现有技术的缺点与不足,提供一种治疗静脉血栓的中药复方组合物及其制备和应用。
为达到上述目的,本发明是按照以下技术方案实施的:
一种治疗静脉血栓的中药复方组合物,包含如下按质量份计的组分:地龙3~30份,三七3~30份,泽兰3~50份,木姜子2~30份,杭芍3~60份,干姜40~60份,肉桂10~30份,人参30~65份,当归15~35份,淫羊藿5~40份,巴戟天10~45份。
进一步地,本发明还提供一种治疗静脉血栓的中药复方组合物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将三七、木姜子、地龙用70%乙醇回流提取,分离提取液和药渣;
(2)将(1)中的药渣、泽兰、杭芍、干姜、肉桂、人参、当归、淫羊藿、巴戟天用水提取,分离提取液和药渣;
(3)合并(1)和(2)得到的提取液浓缩至稠浸膏。
本发明中,上述治疗静脉血栓的中药复方组合物在制备治疗静脉血栓的药物或保健品种的应用。
另外,本发明还提供一种治疗静脉血栓的药物或保健品,其包含上述治疗静脉血栓的中药复方组合物。
优选地,所述治疗静脉血栓的药物或保健品,包含上述中药复方组合物药学上允许的载体和/或赋型剂。
具体地,本发明的治疗静脉血栓的药物或保健品可以制成片剂、丸剂、颗粒剂、胶囊、口服液和膏剂。
与现有技术相比,本发明中地龙、三七、泽兰、木姜子、杭芍、干姜、肉桂相互配伍,能活血化瘀,具有很强的抗血小板聚集、抗血栓作用;人参,当归、淫羊藿、巴戟天相互配伍,具有补肾之功效,有助于肾藏精纳气,肾藏精,精生髓,髓化血则利于新的血液产生,从而利于血液于血管中循环畅通,减少血栓形成;最后组合佐以人参补化学化瘀之伤的元气,固本培元,增强患者体质。与现有技术相比,本发明配方简单,制作工艺简便,对治疗静脉血栓有显著效果。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步描述,在此发明的示意性实施例以及说明用来解释本发明,但并不作为对本发明的限定。
实施例1
一种治疗静脉血栓的中药复方组合物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将地龙3份,三七3份、木姜子2份用70%乙醇回流提取1小时,分离提取液和药渣;
(2)将(1)中的药渣、泽兰3份,杭芍3份,干姜40份,肉桂10份,人参30份,当归15份,淫羊藿5份,巴戟天10份用水提取,分离提取液和药渣;
(3)合并(1)和(2)得到的提取液浓缩至稠浸膏。
实施例2
一种治疗静脉血栓的中药复方组合物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将地龙30份,三七30份、木姜子30份用70%乙醇回流提取1小时,分离提取液和药渣;
(2)将(1)中的药渣、泽兰50份,杭芍60份,干姜60份,肉桂30份,人参65份,当归35份,淫羊藿40份,巴戟天45份用水提取,分离提取液和药渣;
(3)合并(1)和(2)得到的提取液浓缩至稠浸膏。
实施例3
一种治疗静脉血栓的中药复方组合物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将地龙20份,三七15份、木姜子10份用70%乙醇回流提取1小时,分离提取液和药渣;
(2)将(1)中的药渣、泽兰20份,杭芍30份,干姜50份,肉桂20份,人参45份,当归25份,淫羊藿30份,巴戟天35份用水提取,分离提取液和药渣;
(3)合并(1)和(2)得到的提取液浓缩至稠浸膏。
使用实施例1或实施例2或实施例3制得的药物最大给药量测定
参照文献方法(中药药理研究方法学,陈奇主编。人民卫生出版社,1993年第1版,112)取昆明种小白鼠40只,雌雄各半,体重20±2g,分为正常对照组和给药组按小鼠每10克体重灌胃0.4mL药物(已达最大体积),一日内给药两次(正常对照组给等体积生理盐水,药物浓度为1g/mL)。给药后立即观察至6小时,以后每天观察,连续14天;第8天解剖观察,连续观察7天。动物被毛光滑、活泼、天然孔清亮、大小便正常,对照组和给药组之间经t检验,差异无显著性。解剖观察小白鼠各主要脏器均无肉眼可见病变。小鼠最大给量达80g/kg,按体重系数折算,成人(60公斤)日用量达4800g,为临床拟量的160倍,其高于临床用药用量100倍,是安全的。
对本发明实施例制得药物中对二磷酸腺苷(ADP)诱导的家兔体外血小板聚集的影响测试如下:
参照文献方法(武源,郭宏宝,王铁军等.几种中药组分对家兔体外血小板聚集作用的比较.中国临床药理学与治疗学.2007,12(9):1047-1051)36只健康家兔,雌雄各半,体重2~2.5kg,四川省医学科学研究院动物研究所提供,生产批号:Dossy-2012-05。家兔随机分为6组,5个不同浓度药物组(50、25、12.5、6.25和3.125mg/mL)和1个空白对照组。用10%的水合氯醛腹腔注射麻醉家兔,自颈总动脉取血,收集于塑料试管中,采用3.2%枸橼酸钠抗凝,血液与抗凝剂容积比为9:1,取后立即颠倒混匀,血液于室温分别采用800r/min离心6min,得富血小板板血浆(platelet rich plasma,PRP),剩余血液再以3000r/min离心15min,得贫血小板血浆(platelet poor plasma,PPP),按Born氏比浊法采用血小板聚集仪(LBY-NJ2血液凝聚仪:北京普利生仪器有限公司)进行测定。取PPP300μL于比浊杯中调零,取PRP270μL于另一比浊杯中加溶媒或受试药液30μL,在37℃预热孔中温育5min。测定时将PPP杯插到测试孔中调零,取出PPP杯插入PRP杯,并在PRP中加入搅拌子,然后在仪器操作提示下分别加入诱导剂ADP10μL(Sigma,批号:A2754,终浓度15μmol/L),诱导血小板聚集,测定5min内血小板最大聚集率。血小板聚集抑制率按下式计算:聚集抑制率(%)=(1-给药组聚集率/对照组聚集率)×100%,并计算IC50。结果见表1,表明本发明药物能够显著对抗ADP诱导的家兔体外血小板聚集。
表1.本发明药物对ADP诱导的家兔体外血小板聚集的影响(n=6)
注:与空白对照组相比,*P<0.05,**P<0.01。
以本发明实施例制得的药物对大鼠下腔静脉血栓模型的复制
原理:结扎下腔静脉后,局部血流淤滞、缺氧,导致血管内皮细胞损伤,启动内源性凝血系统。此外,血小板与局部形成的凝血因子也因血流受阻停留在局部,致使血栓形成。此方法多用于研究药物在体内抑制血栓形成的作用及机理。
参照文献方法(胡三觉,田巧莲,顾建文等.一种新的体内血栓形成动物模型.第四军医大学学报第14(1):11-13)将48只大鼠随机分为6组,分别为正常对照组(生理盐水)、模型组(生理盐水),阳性对照阿司匹林组,本发明药物高、中、低剂量组,分别灌胃(ig)生理盐水,阿司匹林(2.5mg/mL),本发明药物高(150mg/mL)、中(30mg/mL)、低剂量(6mg/mL),给药体积为1mL/100g大鼠,每天一次,连续七天。末次给药后一小时,3%戊巴比妥钠麻醉大鼠后,沿腹白线切开进腹,分离下腔静脉,于左肾静脉分叉处为标志,在下方用粗丝线结扎下腔静脉(正常对照组不结扎),缝合腹壁,结扎后4小时重新打开腹腔,在结扎线下方2cm处用动脉夹夹闭血管腔,将结扎段血管剪下,剖开管腔,轻轻取出血栓,放于滤纸上,吸干血液,用微量电子天平称取血栓湿重。
血栓形成抑制率(%)=(对照组血栓重量-给药组血栓重量)/对照组血栓重量×100%。
数据处理与统计分析:实验所得数据用均数±标准差表示,运用SPSS统计软件包中单因素方差分析法处理数据,方差齐者采用LSD法检验,方差不齐者采用Tamhane’s法检验。
结果(表2)显示,本发明药物高、中、低三个剂量组均可显著抑制大鼠下腔静脉血栓的形成,并呈现剂量依赖性特点。
表2.本发明药物对大鼠下腔静脉血栓的影响n=8)
注:与正常对照组比较:**P<0.01,*P>0.05。
建立家兔下肢深静脉血栓的动物模型
参照文献方法(刘政,侯玉芬,周涛.深静脉血栓形成动物模型的建立及应用进展.宁中医杂志,1996,23(1):31;郑玉江,汤庆,邓方阁等,建立新西兰白兔深静脉血栓模型的实验研究,中国康复理论与实践,2011,(17)5:437~438)取家兔30只,苯巴比妥钠(30mg/kg)麻醉,游离右下肢股静脉,长2cm,远近端结扎(其中6只不结扎作为正常对照组),双层无菌缝合,伤口消毒,正常饲养,48h后,剪开两端结扎线,肉眼观察血栓形成,取30只随机分成5组,即正常对照组、模型组、阳性药组,本发明药物高(35g/kg)、低(7g/kg)剂量组;4mL/kg家兔,正常对照组和模型组给同体积生理盐水(NS),阳性药组耳缘静脉注入尿激酶10000U/kg,每天1次,共7d。颈总动脉取血以检测血清中的APTT、Fib、TT、D-D2、TX-B2、6-Keto-PGF1a含量,切除血栓形成的股静脉段,纵行剪开管壁,去除血栓,于血管中间切断,分别固定于25%戊二醛经内皮扫描电镜(SEM)扫描。
结果(表3、4、5)显示:药物对家兔血浆APTT、Fib、TT无影响,各组间p>0.05,模型组与正常对照组比较D-D2、TX-B2、6-Keto-PGF1a、TX-B2/6-Keto-PGF1a的含量,差异有非常显著性意义,P<0.01。本发明药物高剂量组与模型组比较,TX-B2的含量差异有显著性意义(P<0.05),6-Keto-PGF1a含量差异有非常显著性意义(P<0.01),TX-B2/6-Keto-PGF1a、D-D2含量差异有非常显著性意义(P<0.01);;本发明药物高剂量组与正常对照组和阳性药组比较,p>0.05;本发明药物高剂量组与低剂量组比较,有量效趋,但差异无显著性意义。电镜扫描显示,药物和阳性药对血栓所致的血管内皮损伤有保护作用。
表3.本发明药物对下肢深静脉血栓家兔血浆APTT、Fib、TT的影响(n=6)
表4本发明药物对下肢深静脉血栓家兔血浆TX-B2、6-Keto-PGF1a的影响(n=6)
注:与模型组比较:**P<0.01,*P<0.05,
表5.药物对下肢深静脉血栓家兔血浆D-D2、TX-B2/6-Keto-PGF1a的影响(n=6)
注:与模型组比较:**P<0.01,*P<0.05,
临床病例
1、临床病例
患者,赵某某,女,53岁,因发热咽痛6天入院。
诊断:(1)粒细胞缺乏并感染,(2)结缔组织病待排,(3)下肢静脉血栓形成,(4)获得性凝血功能障碍。
该患者在10月23日开始出现右下肢肿胀,渐明显,双下肢皮温一致,双侧足背动脉搏动可及,急诊性双下肢血管B超:右侧髂总、髂外静脉及右侧下肢(大隐、股总、股浅、股深近心段、腘)静脉血栓形成,左侧下肢静脉未见右侧,双侧下肢动脉未见特殊征象。
10月23日凝血筛查:APTT69.1秒PT14.2秒TT14.4秒FIB4.96g/L,D-DI24.4μg/L,FDP54.9μg/mL。
血常规:WBC2.7*109/L,Neu0.47*109/L,Hb104g/L,PLT440*109/L。请普外科会诊予低分子肝素4250IU/2次/天,皮下注射抗凝及前列地尔10μg/2次/天治疗,3天后肿胀仍未见消退。
本发明药物治疗前后右腿周径(单位:cm)表如下:
10月25日凝血筛查:APTT69.3秒PT13.3秒TT18.4秒FIB5.26g/L,D-DI8.10μg/L,FDP16.5μg/mL。
11月1日凝血筛查:APTT52.9秒PT12.8秒TT9.5秒FIB2.89g/L,D-DI21.2μg/L,FDP33μg/mL。
1月3日凝血筛查:APTT57.2秒PT13.1秒TT19.1秒FIB2.85g/L,D-DI21.9ug/L,FDP35.3μg/mL。
10月29日腹部血管CT:双侧髂内静脉密度不均,栓子形成可能,双下腔静脉显示,其内未见明显充盈缺损,腹主动脉及其主要分支未见明显异常。
11月5日双下肢静脉B超:右侧下肢股总起始段、股浅、股深、腘、胫前、胫后、大隐静脉股总汇入段管腔内异常结构,考虑血栓形成。左侧静脉未见异常征象。
本发明的技术方案不限于上述具体实施例的限制,凡是根据本发明的技术方案做出的技术变形,均落入本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种治疗静脉血栓的中药复方组合物,其特征在于包含如下按质量份计的组分:地龙3~30份,三七3~30份,泽兰3~50份,木姜子2~30份,杭芍3~60份,干姜40~60份,肉桂10~30份,人参30~65份,当归15~35份,淫羊藿5~40份,巴戟天10~45份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的治疗静脉血栓的中药复方组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
(1)将三七、木姜子、地龙用70%乙醇回流提取,分离提取液和药渣;
(2)将(1)中的药渣、泽兰、杭芍、干姜、肉桂、人参、当归、淫羊藿、巴戟天用水提取,分离提取液和药渣;
(3)合并(1)和(2)得到的提取液浓缩至稠浸膏。
3.权利要求1所述的治疗静脉血栓的中药复方组合物在制备治疗静脉血栓的药物或保健品种的应用。
4.一种治疗静脉血栓的药物或保健品,其特征在于:包含权利要求1所述的治疗静脉血栓的中药复方组合物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的治疗静脉血栓的药物或保健品,其特征在于:包含权利要求1所述的中药复方组合物药学上允许的载体和/或赋型剂。
6.根据权利要求4所述的治疗静脉血栓的药物或保健品,其特征在于:其剂型包括片剂、丸剂、颗粒剂、胶囊、口服液和膏剂。
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