CN107980674B - Cultivation method for cultivating fishes in high density on large water surface - Google Patents

Cultivation method for cultivating fishes in high density on large water surface Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107980674B
CN107980674B CN201810000021.1A CN201810000021A CN107980674B CN 107980674 B CN107980674 B CN 107980674B CN 201810000021 A CN201810000021 A CN 201810000021A CN 107980674 B CN107980674 B CN 107980674B
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density
water surface
water
pond
air
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CN107980674A (en
Inventor
唐兴本
陆永生
马善乐
于飞
汪晓慧
潘绪伟
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Yancheng Yongsheng Special Aquatic Product Culture Co ltd
Lianyungang Marine And Fisheries Development Promotion Center
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Yancheng Yongsheng Special Aquatic Product Culture Co ltd
Lianyungang Marine And Fisheries Development Promotion Center
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/04Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/04Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
    • A01K63/042Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/10Cleaning bottoms or walls of ponds or receptacles
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)

Abstract

A method for cultivating fishes on a large water surface in a high-density manner is provided with a high-density cultivation pond, wherein the water inlet end and the water outlet end of the high-density cultivation pond are communicated with a water area on the large water surface; partition walls are arranged at two sides of the high-density culture pond, and microtubes or air-dispersing stones or air-dispersing stone bundles are uniformly distributed along the bottom edges of the partition walls; the water inlet and the water outlet of the high-density culture pond are both provided with escape-preventing nets; the water inlet end of the high-density culture pond is provided with a water pushing device and a bait casting device, the water pushing device comprises a horizontal pushing plate forming 50-70 degrees with the water surface, a micro pipe or an air dispersing stone beam is arranged on the horizontal pushing plate, air flows out from the micro pipe or the air dispersing stone beam to act on the horizontal pushing plate, and the water body on the large water surface is sent into the high-density culture pond under the pushing of the reaction force; the large water surface water body is recycled in the high-density culture pond, so that the utilization space of the culture water body is indirectly and relatively increased, the large culture yield is obtained in the small culture space, and good ecological and economic benefits are created.

Description

Cultivation method for cultivating fishes in high density on large water surface
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cultivation technology, in particular to a cultivation method for cultivating fishes in high density on a large water surface.
Background
The large water surface includes water bodies such as reservoirs, lakes, and river channels. On large water surfaces, various cultivation modes are performed by people. The traditional cultivation mode mainly adopts a rough cultivation mode, and depends on the proliferation of nutrient substances in the water body, so that the yield is unstable; in order to meet the requirements of human beings on the cultured aquatic products, people adopt intensive culture modes such as fences, purse nets, net cages and the like, and the culture yield is improved mainly by feeding baits, fertilizing and the like, but the culture yield is limited, and the problems such as the above or the like can occur during the culture period.
How to fully and reasonably utilize large water surface resources, so that the large water surface provides abundant high-quality aquatic products for human beings, and meanwhile, various shortages or negative effects caused by the traditional cultivation mode are reduced, thus being a problem to be solved by aquatic product practitioners.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the cultivation method for cultivating the fishes on the large water surface in high density, which is convenient for intensive cultivation, fine management and higher income in unit water.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by the following technical scheme, and the method for cultivating the fishes on the large water surface in high density is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the high-density cultivation pond is arranged, and the water inlet end and the water outlet end of the high-density cultivation pond are communicated with a water area on a large water surface;
partition walls are arranged at two sides of the high-density culture pond, and microtubes or air-dispersing stones or air-dispersing stone bundles are uniformly distributed along the bottom edges of the partition walls; the water inlet and the water outlet of the high-density culture pond are both provided with escape-preventing nets;
the high-density culture pond is provided with a smooth pond bottom, and the slope ratio of the pond bottom from the water inlet to the water outlet is 0.5% -1%;
the water inlet end of the high-density culture pond is provided with a water pushing device and a bait casting device,
the water pushing device comprises a horizontal pushing plate arranged in the middle or at an upper position of the high-density culture pond, the water pushing surface of the horizontal pushing plate forms an angle of 50-70 degrees with the water surface and faces to the upper side of the high-density culture pond, micro tubes or air-dispersing stones or air-dispersing stone bundles are arranged on the horizontal pushing plate, air flows out from the micro tubes or the air-dispersing stones or the air-dispersing stone bundles to act on the horizontal pushing plate, and under the pushing of the reaction force, the water body on the large water surface is sent into the high-density culture pond;
the water outlet end of the high-density culture pond is provided with a sewage collecting tank, and the sewage collecting tank is provided with a sewage pumping pipe connected with a sewage pumping pump.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention can be further solved by the following technical scheme that the high-density culture pond is formed by arranging a plurality of small ponds side by side.
The technical problems to be solved by the invention can be further realized by the following technical proposal that the height of the small Chi Chigeng is 1.5 m-2 m, and the length is as follows: the width is 2-3: 1, the pool opening area of each small pool is 20m 2 ~50m 2
The technical problem to be solved by the invention can be further solved by the following technical scheme that the area of the high-density culture pond is not higher than 2% of the whole large water surface area.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention can be further solved by the following technical scheme that the area of the high-density culture pond is 0.5% -1% of the whole large water surface area.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention can be further solved by the following technical scheme that a channel is arranged above the water inlet end of the high-density culture pond, and the bait casting device is arranged on the channel.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention can be further solved by the following technical scheme that the bottom of the high-density culture pond is 20 cm-30 cm higher than the bottom of the large water surface pond.
Compared with the prior art, the aquatic product yield of the aquaculture is positively correlated with physical factors, chemical factors, biological factors and the like provided by the water environment, and under the normal same management condition, the larger the volume of the aquaculture water body is, the higher the yield of the aquaculture water body is; in a smaller cultivation space, the water quality condition, the fish activity and other conditions can be better observed, and corresponding management measures can be adopted timely according to the observed conditions; can adopt some other fine management techniques which cannot be used by the culture modes, and further improve the yield and quality of the cultured fishes. The invention carries out small-range high-density cultivation in a large water surface, and various biochemical indexes of the high-density cultivation pool are basically the same as those of the large water surface through continuous water circulation; the large water surface water body is recycled in the high-density culture pond, so that the utilization space of the culture water body is indirectly and relatively increased, the large culture yield is obtained in the small culture space, and good ecological and economic benefits are created. In the high-density cultivation process, the sewage treatment and the ecological management of the large water surface are focused, and the large water surface is a good ecological environment all the time, so the cultivation is in a form of high-density cultivation and is in essence ecological cultivation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the invention are described further below in order to facilitate a further understanding of the invention by those skilled in the art without limiting the scope of the claims thereto.
A method for cultivating fishes in high density on large water surface,
the high-density cultivation pond is arranged, and the water inlet end and the water outlet end of the high-density cultivation pond are communicated with a water area on a large water surface;
partition walls are arranged at two sides of the high-density culture pond, and microtubes or air-dispersing stones or air-dispersing stone bundles are uniformly distributed along the bottom edges of the partition walls; the water inlet and the water outlet of the high-density culture pond are both provided with escape-preventing nets;
the high-density culture pond is provided with a smooth pond bottom, and the slope ratio of the pond bottom from the water inlet to the water outlet is 0.5% -1%;
the water inlet end of the high-density culture pond is provided with a water pushing device and a bait casting device,
the water pushing device comprises a horizontal pushing plate arranged in the middle or at an upper position of the high-density culture pond, the water pushing surface of the horizontal pushing plate forms an angle of 50-70 degrees with the water surface and faces to the upper side of the high-density culture pond, micro tubes or air-dispersing stones or air-dispersing stone bundles are arranged on the horizontal pushing plate, air flows out from the micro tubes or the air-dispersing stones or the air-dispersing stone bundles to act on the horizontal pushing plate, and under the pushing of the reaction force, the water body on the large water surface is sent into the high-density culture pond;
the water outlet end of the high-density culture pond is provided with a sewage collecting tank, and the sewage collecting tank is provided with a sewage pumping pipe connected with a sewage pumping pump.
The high-density culture pond is formed by arranging a plurality of small ponds side by side. The height of the small Chi Chigeng is 1.5 m-2 m, and the length is as follows: the width is 2-3: 1, the pool opening area of each small pool is 20m 2 ~50m 2
The area of the high-density culture pond is not higher than 2% of the whole large water surface area. The area of the high-density culture pond is preferably 0.5% -1% of the whole large water surface area.
A channel is arranged above the water inlet end of the high-density culture pond, and the bait casting device is arranged on the channel. The bottom of the high-density culture pond is 20 cm-30 cm higher than the bottom of the large water surface pond.
Large water surface
The large water surfaces of reservoirs, lakes, ditches and the like with the area not less than 50 mu can be cultivated by adopting the cultivation mode described by the invention.
As shown in the figure: 1 big surface of water, 2 pushing device, 3 bait casting device, 4 sewage pump, 5 collecting tank, 6 high density culture pond.
Culture pond
(1) Cultivation area
In order to achieve the best fish culture effect and protect the ecological environment of the large water surface, the area of the culture pond is not higher than 2% of the whole large water surface, and is more suitable for 0.5% -1%.
(2) Cultivation position
Water, electricity, traffic and the like are convenient; one side of the large water surface which is less affected by wind power; the water level of the large water surface is relatively stable; the water depth of the pool building position is 1.5 m-2 m; the large water surface near the pool is smooth.
(3) Direction of
Building high-density culture pond ridges along the direction parallel to the dikes corresponding to the large water surface; the two ends of the narrow side are open, and no pool ridge is built.
(4) Specification of specification
The height of the cement pool ridge is 1.5 m-2 m, and the length is as follows: the width is 2-3: 1, the area of each pool opening is 20m 2-50 m2.
(5) Pool bottom
The cement bottom is smooth, the slope is reduced between the circulating water inlet and the water outlet and between the bottom edge angle and the cement bottom, and the slope ratio is controlled to be 0.5% -1%.
(6) Pool mouth layout
All pool openings are connected together into slices, and the specification and the direction are the same.
Escape-proof net (preventing fish escape, etc)
(1) Materials:
civil grid, polyethylene, etc.
(2) Specification of specification
After the mesh breaks one mesh, fishes and the like do not escape.
(3) Fixing
The civil grid is fixed at two ends of the open narrow edge to prevent fish from escaping; when the specification of the fish is small, the polyethylene net with corresponding specification can be fixed on the grid, and the polyethylene nets with different meshes can be replaced for several times.
Inflation
(1) Aerator
According to the cultivation specification, density, species and the like of fish, the concentration of the fish is 100m 3 The water body is provided with a power aerator of 1 kw-1.5 kw, and a standby aerator is provided.
(2) Inflation pipeline and valve
Conventional configuration and installation.
(3) Micropipe or gas-dispersing stone bundle
Microtubes or air-dispersing stones or air-dispersing stone bundles are uniformly distributed at the bottom edges of the longitudinal pool ridges (long edges); and installing a micro-pipe or an air-dispersing stone bundle in the middle or slightly upward of one end of the opening of the narrow side (short side) of the cement pond along the transverse section direction, and fixing the micro-pipe or the air-dispersing stone bundle on a flat plate which forms 50-70 degrees with the water surface.
Others
(1) Aisle (S)
The cement channel is erected on the narrow side (short side) of the cement pond, so that production operation is convenient for workers; the end is also one end of circulating water for high-density cultivation, which enters the cement pond from the large water surface; the electric wire, the air pipe, the flat plate forming 50-70 degrees with the water surface and the like are all fixed below the cement pavement; on the aisle, an automatic feeder is installed at one end of each cement pond opening.
It is specially noted that the surface of the flat plate with the angle of 50-70 degrees is flat, smooth and elastic; the fixing is firm, and the shaking or the direction change cannot be realized; the direction of the reaction force generated by the flat plate is 40-20 degrees with the water surface.
(2) Dirt collecting tank
Opposite to the passageway, namely circulating water for high-density cultivation enters the outer side of one end (short side) of the large water surface from the cement pond; the residual baits, the faeces and the like in each pool flow into and are concentrated in each pool opening, which is equivalent to but different from a sewer for indoor high-density cultivation; the length of the sewage collecting tank is the sum of the width of the whole tank mouth, the width of the sewage collecting tank is 0.8 m-1.5 m, the sewage collecting tank grows into a long groove type, and residual baits, faeces and the like are pumped into the sewage draining pipe through the sewage pumping pipe by the water pump and then flow into the sewage treatment tank.
(3) Cement sole extension
Because the high-density culture pond is built in the large water surface of the mud bottom, the treatment is poor, the circulating water can cause the turbidity of the high-density culture water, two methods can be adopted, namely, the cement pond bottom is 20 cm-30 cm higher than the large water surface pond bottom, and the high-density culture pond extends to the large water surface bottom, and mainly the large water surface water enters one side (the side with a passageway) of the cement pond for circulation.
(4) Auxiliary isolation net
The main fixed frame is on the other three sides of the dirt collecting tank without isolation net, the net mesh is relatively small, firstly the dirt collecting operation is convenient, and secondly the small-specification fish and other net leakage is prevented.
Production operation
1. Investigation and research
The first hand data of the cultivation related to the large water surface is mastered, and the variety, density, collocation and the like of the cultivated fish are determined.
2. Building culture pond
Determining the cultivation area, selecting cultivation places, designing the structure, specification, bottom, escape-proof net, overall layout and the like of the cultivation pond, and building the cultivation pond.
3. And the oxygenation equipment and the supporting facilities are arranged, so that the normal operation of water circulation is ensured.
4. Seed selection and throwing in cement pond
After the work is finished, the fingerlings are selected according to market conditions, the fingerlings of general fishes are 50 g/tail to 200 g/tail, if the fingerlings are smaller in specification, a net cage can be arranged in a cement pond, cultivation is carried out in the net cage, and after the fingerlings reach proper specification, the fingerlings are put into the cement pond for cultivation. The cultivation density is generally 75 tails/m 3 About 150 tails/m 3 The specific cultivation density is flexibly mastered according to the cultivation skill level, cultivation conditions and cultivation varieties.
5. Seed throwing in on large water surface
During the industrial cultivation, part of organic particles can enter the large water surface, and then, the sundry and filter feeding fishes such as carps, tilapia, crucian carps, mullet, spotted silver carps and silver carps can be added on the large water surface, and the specific seedling density and specification are not required to be unified, so that the adjustment is carried out according to the water quality, cultivation scale, technology, sales and the like of the large water surface.
6. Bait feeding
In order to accurately master the bait feeding amount and reduce water pollution, the feeding of the puffed bait is recommended to be performed for 7-8 times per day, the feeding amount is 6-8 minutes per time, the weight can be measured, and the feeding fumbling can be performed by referring to the related data, so that the proper bait feeding amount can be found.
7. Microtube or air-dispersing stone beam oxygenation and water circulation
Starting up for 24 hours to increase oxygen, observing the flowing speed of the baits in the circulating water when the baits are fed, preventing the baits from prematurely flowing out of the feeding area, adjusting the oxygen increasing amount, increasing the feeding times of the baits and reducing the feeding time each time when necessary.
8. Disease control
The damage to the water environment of the large water surface is reduced as much as possible, the ecological environment of the large water surface is ensured, and diseases such as fish and the like can be prevented and treated by the bait or the bait additive if necessary.
9. Pollution discharge
Residual baits, faeces and the like in the cement pool, the sewage collecting tank and the like are timely discharged, and accumulation of organic matters in a large water surface is reduced as much as possible.
10. Daily management
Frequently checking the conditions of an escape prevention net, an oxygenation facility and the like; frequently observing the activity condition and water quality condition of fish; the weather forecast is frequently listened, the surrounding cultivation conditions are known, and the finding problem is solved in time.

Claims (6)

1. A method for cultivating fishes in high density on a large water surface is characterized by comprising the following steps: the high-density cultivation pond is arranged, and the water inlet end and the water outlet end of the high-density cultivation pond are communicated with a water area on a large water surface; partition walls are arranged at two sides of the high-density culture pond, and microtubes or air-dispersing stones or air-dispersing stone bundles are uniformly distributed along the bottom edges of the partition walls; the water inlet and the water outlet of the high-density culture pond are both provided with escape-preventing nets; uniformly arranging microtubes or air-dispersed stones or air-dispersed stone bundles at the bottom edges of the longitudinal pond ridges; installing a micro-pipe or an air-dispersing stone beam in the middle or slightly upper part of one end of the narrow side opening of the cement pond along the direction of the cross section, and fixing the micro-pipe or the air-dispersing stone beam on a flat plate forming 50-70 degrees with the water surface; the high-density culture pond is provided with a smooth pond bottom, and the slope ratio of the pond bottom from the water inlet to the water outlet is 0.5% -1%; the bottom of the high-density culture pond is 20 cm-30 cm higher than the bottom of the large water surface pond; the water inlet end of the high-density culture pond is provided with a water pushing device and a bait casting device, the water pushing device comprises a horizontal pushing plate arranged in the middle or at an upper position of the high-density culture pond, the water pushing surface of the horizontal pushing plate forms an angle of 50-70 degrees with the water surface and faces to the upper side of the high-density culture pond, microtubes or air-dispersing stones or air-dispersing stone bundles are arranged on the horizontal pushing plate, air flows out from the microtubes or the air-dispersing stones or the air-dispersing stone bundles to act on the horizontal pushing plate, and under the pushing of the reactive force, the water body on the large water surface is sent into the high-density culture pond; the water outlet end of the high-density culture pond is provided with a sewage collecting tank, and the sewage collecting tank is provided with a sewage pumping pipe connected with a sewage pumping pump.
2. The method for cultivating high-density fish on a large water surface according to claim 1, wherein: the high-density culture pond is formed by arranging a plurality of small ponds side by side.
3. The method for cultivating high-density fish on a large water surface according to claim 2, wherein: the height of the small Chi Chigeng is 1.5 m-2 m, and the length is as follows: the width is 2-3: 1, the pool opening area of each small pool is 20m 2-50 m2.
4. The method for cultivating high-density fish on a large water surface according to claim 1, wherein: the area of the high-density culture pond is not higher than 2% of the whole large water surface area.
5. The method for cultivating high-density fish on a large water surface as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the area of the high-density culture pond is 0.5% -1% of the whole large water surface area.
6. The method for cultivating high-density fish on a large water surface according to claim 1, wherein: a channel is arranged above the water inlet end of the high-density culture pond, and the bait casting device is arranged on the channel.
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