CN107976101B - 一种外翅片换热管的使用方法 - Google Patents

一种外翅片换热管的使用方法 Download PDF

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CN107976101B
CN107976101B CN201711410324.2A CN201711410324A CN107976101B CN 107976101 B CN107976101 B CN 107976101B CN 201711410324 A CN201711410324 A CN 201711410324A CN 107976101 B CN107976101 B CN 107976101B
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tube
heat transfer
outer fin
transfer tube
heat
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CN107976101A (zh
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黄志强
郑开云
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Shanghai Power Equipment Research Institute Co Ltd
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Priority to EP18891569.8A priority patent/EP3702712B1/en
Priority to KR1020207011695A priority patent/KR102389843B1/ko
Priority to JP2020545429A priority patent/JP7011079B2/ja
Priority to PCT/CN2018/122564 priority patent/WO2019120278A1/zh
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
    • F28F1/26—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means being integral with the element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
    • F28F1/30—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means being attachable to the element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/40—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only inside the tubular element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/42—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being both outside and inside the tubular element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
    • F28F13/12—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2215/00—Fins
    • F28F2215/08—Fins with openings, e.g. louvers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency

Abstract

本发明提供了一种外翅片换热管，包括：传热管；用于扩展传热管的外侧换热表面，形成微流道，约束管外流体沿传热管轴向的逆流，同时产生扰流作用的外翅片组；用于减少传热管管外侧流体的横向流动的外翅片组框架；传热管外壁与多个外翅片组相连，外翅片组沿传热管轴向排列，外翅片组上设有孔洞，多个外翅片组的孔洞形成与传热管轴向平行的微流道；外翅片组周围与外翅片组框架相连。本发明还提供了外翅片换热管的使用方法。本发明外翅片换热管的管内、外流体之间实现完全逆流换热，可实现小温差传热；管外流体在经过外翅片组的微流道结构时，翅片有充分的扰流作用，提高对流传热系数；可用于制造高效紧凑换热器，尤其适用于气体‑气体换热工况。

Description

一种外翅片换热管的使用方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种外翅片换热管的使用方法，属于高效紧凑换热器技术领域。
背景技术
换热器是电力、化工、车辆、制冷等各种工业生产中的关键设备，材料及加工制造成本在整个工程投资中往往占有重要的份额，例如：在火力发电厂中，锅炉及其它各类辅助换热器约占电厂总投资的70％左右；石油化工厂中，换热器投资可占总投资的40％以上。
近年来，以能源为中心的社会发展问题日益突出，节能、提高能效、提高能量转换效率等成为技术关注焦点。特别是新能源发电、储能、热电联供、分布式能源等领域发展迅猛，在这些技术的应用过程中，各种新型的高效紧凑换热器成为迫切需求。基于现有的换热器设计技术，并借助不断发展的制造工艺水平和新的制造技术，新型换热器的发展空间十分广阔。
在第四代核电、太阳能热发电、舰船等新的应用领域，由于采用了新型的布雷顿循环发电方式，循环回路中工质始终处于气体或超临界态，需要高效的气体与气体或气体与超临界流体的换热器，同时，为了控制成本和减小体积，要求采用紧凑换热器。由于工质的传热系统远小于液态，且为了保证循环效率，对换热器的效能要求非常高。现有的紧凑换热器，例如：扩散焊印刷电路板换热器，成本太高。
在各类经典的换热器设计中，换热管是一种常用的换热器件，在管壳式换热器、管板换热器、管翅换热器、锅炉、管式加热器等装置中都有广泛应用，但是，常规的换热管不适用于制作高效紧凑换热器，需要进行改进设计。在换热管外表面增加翅片可以扩展换热表面，可同时增加传热表面和提高传热系数，从而提高换热性能。翅片是气体侧表面的常用强化传热方式，包括外翅片和内翅片。考虑到加工制造技术和应用方面的原因，外翅片换热管应用较为方便、成本较低。通常的外翅片管的翅片平面与管子轴向垂直，管内介质流动方向与管外介质流动方向垂直，即交叉流换热。对于小温差(<10℃)换热工况，特别是气体与气体的小温差换热，例如；布雷顿循环中的回热器，需要采用全逆流换热才能实现，这时，上述的外翅片管就不适宜了，需要开发新型的逆流换热的外翅片换热管。
目前，用于全逆流换热的外翅片换热管在行业内还未见公开报道。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是如何强化换热管的传热，实现管内、外两侧介质完全逆流换热，满足小温差换热工况的要求，并有效控制加工成本。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明的技术方案是提供一种外翅片换热管，其特征在于，包括：
用于分隔管内和管外的流体，并通过对流、传导的方式实现管内、外流体传热的传热管；
用于扩展传热管的外侧换热表面，形成微流道，约束管外流体沿传热管轴向的逆流，同时产生扰流作用的外翅片组；
用于减少传热管管外侧流体的横向流动的外翅片组框架；
所述传热管外壁与多个外翅片组相连，多个外翅片组沿传热管轴向排列；外翅片组上设有孔洞，多个外翅片组的孔洞形成与所述传热管轴向平行的微流道；外翅片组外围与外翅片组框架相连。
优选地，所述外翅片组之间相互间隔地沿传热管轴向排列。
优选地，所述外翅片组之间不间隔地沿传热管轴向排列。
优选地，相邻所述外翅片组的间距小于5mm。
优选地，所述传热管采用可承受规定温度和压力的金属管，包括圆截面及其它截面管或异型管。
优选地，所述传热管内设有用于强化换热的插入物。
优选地，所述外翅片组为金属薄片或薄带围绕所述传热管布置成的对称结构，所述金属薄片或薄带表面与所述传热管轴向平行。
更优选地，所述外翅片组金属薄片或薄带的宽度为3mm-20mm，厚度为0.2mm-lmm。
优选地，所述外翅片组的结构内部形成扩展换热表面和微流道；所述外翅片组沿所述传热管轴向分段设计成不同的翅片结构，扩展换热表面和微流道尺寸。
优选地，所述外翅片组框架为由金属薄片或薄带围绕所述外翅片组布置成的全包围结构，所述金属薄片或薄带表面与所述传热管轴向平行。
更优选地，所述外翅片组框架金属薄片或薄带的宽度为3mm-20mm，厚度为0.5mm-1.5mm。
优选地，所述外翅片组框架的形状为可周期性排列的对称结构。
本发明还提供了一种上述的外翅片换热管的使用方法，其特征在于：将所述外翅片换热管加工成设定规格，并作为部件安装于换热器中；管内流体从传热管的进口端输入，沿传热管内侧流向换传热管的出口端，流动过程中传热管管内流体与传热管内侧表面进行传热过程；管外流体从换热器的管外流体进口端输入，沿传热管外侧与管内流体相向流动，流向换热器的管外流体出口端，流动过程中传热管管外流体与传热管外侧表面、外翅片组及外翅片组框架进行传热过程，传热管、外翅片组和外翅片组框架之间发生热传导过程。
优选地，所述外翅片换热管在流体进口和出口处不加工外翅片组；所述外翅片换热管的外翅片组和外翅片组框架在换热器外壳体内壁面处根据换热器外壳体内壁面几何形状加工成配合结构。
优选地，所述传热管的管内流体和管外流体逆流换热；所述外翅片组扩展传热管的外侧换热表面并扰流，形成微流道，约束管外流体通过微流道沿传热管轴向逆流。
与现有技术相比，本发明提供的外翅片换热管具有如下有益效果：
1、管内、外流体之间实现完全逆流换热，可实现小温差传热。
2、管外流体在经过外翅片组的微流道结构时，翅片有充分的扰流作用，提高对流传热系数。
3、通过沿换热管轴向分段布置不同的外翅片组结构，可改变扩展表面积和微流道尺寸，实现变横截面设计，优化换热器的性能和制造成本。
4、可用于制造高效紧凑换热器，尤其适用于气体-气体换热工况。
附图说明
图1为实施例1提供的外翅片换热管主视示意图；
图2为实施例1提供的外翅片换热管侧视图；
图3为实施例2提供的外翅片换热管侧视图；
图4为实施例3提供的外翅片换热管侧视图：
附图标记说明：
1-传热管，2-外翅片组，3-外翅片组框架。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明
实施例1
图1为本实施例提供的外翅片换热管主视示意图，所述的外翅片换热管由以下部件组成：
传热管1，用于分隔管内和管外的两种流体，并主要通过对流、传导的方式实现传热；
外翅片组2，用于扩展传热管1的外侧换热表面，形成微流道，约束管外侧流体沿传热管1轴向的逆流，同时产生扰流作用；
外翅片组框架3，用于减少传热管1管外侧流体的横向流动。
传热管1外壁与多个外翅片组2相连，多个外翅片组2沿传热管1轴向排列；外翅片组2上设有孔洞，多个外翅片组2的孔洞形成与所述传热管1轴向平行的微流道；外翅片组2外围与外翅片组框架3相连。
结合图2，外翅片组2为金属薄片或薄带形成的空心椭圆形或类似椭圆形框结构。多个外翅片组2围绕传热管1布置，外翅片组2表面与所述传热管轴向平行，截面形成的对称的花瓣状结构。
上述的外翅片换热管的工作方法如下：
将外翅片换热管按照换热器的总体设计加工成所需规格，包括传热管1的规格、外翅片组2在不同区段的规格、外翅片组框架3在不同区域的规格，并作为部件安装于换热器中(如：制造成管壳式换热器的管束)；当需要体积更小的、更紧凑的换热器时，由上述传热管1、外翅片组2、外翅片组框架3组成的管束及其他部件组成的换热器整体可直接由增材制造(3D打印)技术完成制造。
每根传热管1的管内流体从传热管1的进口端(如：管壳式换热器的管箱进口)输入，沿传热管1内侧流向传热管1的出口端，流动过程中传热管1的管内流体与传热管1的内侧表面进行对流传热过程，传热管1的管外流体从换热器的管外流体进口端(如：管壳式按热器的壳体进口)输入，沿传热管1外侧与传热管1的管内流体相向流动，流向换热器的管外流体出口端；管外流体从外翅片组2的微流道通过，外翅片组2扩展传热管1的外侧换热表面并扰流，约束管外流体通过微流道沿传热管轴向逆流；流动过程中管外流体与传热管1外侧表面和外翅片组2、外翅片组框架3进行传热过程，传热管1、外翅片组2和外翅片组框架3之间发生热传导过程。
实施例2
本实施例与实施例1大体相同，其区别在于：外翅片组2为金属薄片或薄带形成的空心矩形框结构。多个外翅片组2围绕传热管1布置，外翅片组2表面与所述传热管轴向平行，形成对称的结构，如图3所示。
实施例3
本实施例与实施例1大体相同，其区别在于：外翅片组2由金属薄片或薄带制成，形成多个空心圆环依次连接的条状结构。多个外翅片组2围绕传热管1布置，外翅片组2表面与所述传热管轴向平行，形成对称的结构，如图4所示。
以上所述，仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并非对本发明任何形式上和实质上的限制，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员，在不脱离本发明方法的前提下，还将可以做出若干改进和补充，这些改进和补充也应视为本发明的保护范围。凡熟悉本专业的技术人员在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，当可利用以上所揭示的技术内容而做出的些许更动、修饰与演变的等同变化，均为本发明的等效实施例；同时，凡依据本发明的实质技术对上述实施例所作的任何等同变化的更动、修饰与演变，均仍属于本发明的技术方案的范围内。

Claims (3)

1.一种外翅片换热管的使用方法，其特征在于：
所述外翅片换热管包括：
用于分隔管内和管外的流体，并通过对流、传导的方式实现管内、外流体传热的传热管(1)；
用于扩展传热管(1)的外侧换热表面，形成微流道，约束管外流体沿传热管(1)轴向的逆流，同时产生扰流作用的外翅片组(2)；
用于减少传热管(1)管外侧流体的横向流动的外片组框架(3)；
所述传热管(1)外壁与多个外翅片组(2)相连，多个外翅片组(2)沿传热管(1)轴向排列；外翅片组(2)上设有孔洞，多个外翅片组(2)的孔洞形成与所述传热管(1)轴向平行的微流道；外翅片组(2)外围与外翅片组框架(3)相连；
将所述外翅片换热管加工成设定规格，并作为部件安装于换热器中；管内流体从传热管(1)的进口端输入，沿传热管(1)内侧流向传热管(1)的出口端，流动过程中传热管(1)管内流体与传热管(1)内侧表面进行传热过程：管外流体从换热器的管外流体进口端输入，沿传热管(1)外侧与管内流体相向流动，流向换热器的管外流体出口端，流动过程中传热管(1)管外流体与传热管(1)外侧表面、外翅片组(2)及外翅片组框架(3)进行传热过程，传热管(1)、外翅片组(2)和外翅片组框架(3)之间发生热传导过程。
2.如权利要求1所述的外翅片换热管的使用方法，其特征在于：所述外翅片换热管在流体进口和出口处不加工外翅片组(2)；所述外翅片换热管的外翅片组(2)和外翅片组框架(3)在换热器外壳体内壁面处根据换热器外壳体内壁面几何形状加工成配合结构。
3.如权利要求1所述的外翅片换热管的使用方法，其特征在于：所述传热管(1)的管内流体和管外流体逆流换热；所述外翅片组(2)扩展传热管(1)的外侧换热表面并扰流，形成微流道，约束管外流体通过微流道沿传热管(1)轴向逆流。
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