CN107959418A - 一种开关式交错dc-dc变换器 - Google Patents

一种开关式交错dc-dc变换器 Download PDF

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CN107959418A
CN107959418A CN201711110789.6A CN201711110789A CN107959418A CN 107959418 A CN107959418 A CN 107959418A CN 201711110789 A CN201711110789 A CN 201711110789A CN 107959418 A CN107959418 A CN 107959418A
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switching device
inductance
switching
parallel
converter
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周宇
许洪华
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Beijing Corona Science and Technology Co Ltd
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Beijing Corona Science and Technology Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1584—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/06—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
    • H02M3/07—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps
    • H02M3/073—Charge pumps of the Schenkel-type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1584—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
    • H02M3/1586—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel switched with a phase shift, i.e. interleaved

Abstract

一种开关式交错DC‑DC变换器，其第一开关器件SW1和第二开关器件SW2并联，第三开关器件SW3和第四开关器件SW4并联。变换器输入电压端Vin的正极连接电感L1的一端，电感L1的另一端连接并联的第一开关器件SW1和第二开关器件SW2，并联的第一开关器件SW1和第二开关器件SW2的另一端接入输入电压端Vin的负极；并联的第一开关器件SW1和第二开关器件SW2再串连第三开关器件SW3和第四开关器件SW4并联支路；第三开关器件SW3和第四开关器件SW4并联支路的另一端和变换器的输出电压端Vout的正极；输出电压端Vout的正负极间并联滤波电容C。本发明将PWM的一个时间周期分为2组，控制2个开关器件，在PWM频率不变的情况下通过电感以及电容的电流和电压频率增加一倍，电流和电压纹波值减少一倍。

Description

一种开关式交错DC-DC变换器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种直流变换电路。
背景技术
与能量存储装置连接的电池充放电DC/DC转换器，其在微电网系统中起着最重要的作用。一方面，在最大功率转换级中执行充电/放电操作，并且电力转换损耗非常大。另一方面，电池充放电DC/DC转换器直接连接到直流配电系统。因此需要研究如何减少输出电压的纹波并降低初始投资成本。
图1所示为现有交错式DC-DC变换器。其拓扑使用两路电感，开关管控制方式为180度角交错开启方式。图5所示为现有交错式DC-DC变换器的电压纹波，在PWM频率不变的情况下，图6为本发明DC-DC变换器的电压纹波，所以本发明对比现有交错式DC-DC变换器有着电压纹波减少一倍的优点。图7所示为现有交错式DC-DC变换器电感电流纹波，图8所示为本发明DC-DC变换器电感电流纹波，在PWM频率不变的情况下，通过电感的电流纹波减小一倍。如图9所示，现有交错式DC-DC变换器在电压上升阶段震荡时间较长，并且震荡幅度较大，对于开关管的冲击较大，会减少开关管使用寿命。并且由于输出电压震荡幅度较大，也会对用电器造成电压过压。如图10所示，本发明的新型DC-DC变换器在电压上升阶段，有着电压上升速度快，震荡幅度小的优点。现有交错式DC-DC变换器使用两路电感，增加了整体大小以及重量，并且增加成本。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的缺点，提出一种新的直流变换器—开关式交错DC-DC变换器。本发明可以补偿交错转换器的缺点，实现电力双向传输。对比传统交错式DC-DC变换器，本发明拓扑降低电压上升阶段震荡时间和震荡幅度，并且降低了一倍的输出电压纹波和电感电流纹波。在应用能量双向流动的同时，降低系统的体积，重量和成本。
本发明以单电感作为开关式交错DC-DC变换器的电感，并采用4个开关器件，4个开关器件两两并联。第一开关器件SW1和第二开关器件SW2并联，为第一组开关器件，第三开关器件SW3和第四开关器件SW4并联，为第二组开关器件。本发明变换器的输入电压端Vin的正极连接电感L1的一端，电感L1的另一端连接并联的第一开关器件SW1和第二开关器件SW2，并联的第一开关器件SW1和第二开关器件SW2的另一端接入输入电压端Vin的负极。并联的第一开关器件SW1和第二开关器件SW2再串连第三开关器件SW3和第四开关器件SW4并联支路。第三开关器件SW3和第四开关器件SW4并联支路的另一端和变换器的输出电压端Vout的正极。输出电压端Vout的正负极间并联滤波电容C。
对本发明DC-DC变换器的控制方法为：将PWM的一个时间周期分为2组，控制第一组的2个开关器件，在此第一组时间周期打开第一组的第一个开关器件，使电感充电，然后打开第二组的第一个开关器件，使得电感放电，通过电容滤波。同理，在第二组时间周期打开第二组的第一个开关器件，使电容充电，然后打开第二组的第二个开关器件，使电感放电，通过电容滤波。由于开关器件的最大PWM驱动频率是固定的，可以使得在PWM频率不变的情况下，通过电感及电容的电流和电压频率增加一倍，电流和电压纹波值减小一倍，可以提高开关器件的使用寿命。
本发明的效果：
1)本发明拓扑可以有效的减小输入电流纹波和输出电压；电流波纹。
2)本发明拓扑可以提高开关器件的使用寿命。
3)本发明拓扑与交错式DC-DC转换器相比，减小系统尺寸，减少电感数量，降低成本。
4)本发明拓扑可以消除交错并联运行引起的不利影响，并且更少的电感使得并行运算和负载分配算法更为简单。
附图说明
图1现有交错式直流变换器拓扑图；
图2为本发明的拓扑图；
图3a为SW1导通时电感充电图；
图3b为SW4导通时电感放电图；
图3c为SW2导通时电感充电图；
图3d为SW3导通时电感充电图；
图4为本发明拓扑开关管的控制时序图；
图5为现有交错式直流变换器电压纹波图；
图6为本发明直流变换器电压纹波图；
图7为现有交错式直流变换器电流纹波图；
图8为本发明直流变换器电流纹波图；
图9为现有交错式直流变换器电压上升时震荡图；
图10为本发明直流变换器电压上升时震荡图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和具体实施方式进一步说明本发明。
如图2所示，本发明以单电感作为开关式交错DC-DC变换器的电感，并采用4开关器件SW1，SW2，SW3，SW4，4个开关器件两两并联。第一开关器件SW1和第二开关器件SW2并联，为第一组开关器件，第三开关器件SW3和第四开关器件SW4并联，为第二组开关器件。本发明变换器的输入电压端Vin的正极连接电感L1的一端，电感L1的另一端连接并联的第一开关器件SW1和第二开关器件SW2，并联的第一开关器件SW1和第二开关器件SW2的另一端接入输入电压端Vin的负极。并联的第一开关器件SW1和第二开关器件SW2再串连第三开关器件SW3和第四开关器件SW4并联支路。第三开关器件SW3和第四开关器件SW4并联支路的另一端和变换器的输出电压端Vout的正极。输出电压端Vout的正负极间并联滤波电容C。
如图3a所示，当第一开关器件SW1导通时，电源对电感L1充电，电容C持续放电。如图3b所示，当第四开关器件SW4导通时，电感L1放电，并且对电容C充电。如图3c所示，当第二开关器件SW2导通时,电源继续对电感L1充电，同时电容C放电。如图3d所示，当第三开关器件SW3导通时，电感L1放电，并对电容C充电。如图2所示，每个开关器件在一个周期内打开一次，但通过电感的电压在一个周期内出现两次。因此，通过电感L1的电流以及电容C的电压频率是开关频率的两倍。
图4所示是本发明4个开关器件的控制时序图。如图4所示，输入/输出电压比确定后，控制器产生对应于占空比的PWM信号。第一个PWM信号的一个周期由一对开关器件采用，下一个PWM信号由另一对开关器件采用。因此，两个周期的PWM是开关器件的一个周期。另一方面，本发明开关式交错DCDC变换器的电流是开关频率的两倍，因此与传统交错式DC-DC变换器相比，电感上的纹波减少了一半，与交错式DC-DC变换器相比，减少了滞后损耗，通过将开关频率降低一半来延长器件的寿命。
图6所示为本发明拓扑输出电压纹波图，图5是现有交错式DC-DC拓扑输出电压纹波图，对比两图结果可知本发明拓扑输出电压纹波值是现有交错式DC-DC拓扑输出电压纹波值的一半。
图8是本发明拓扑电感电流的纹波图，图7是现有交错式DC-DC拓扑电感电流的纹波图，对比两图结果可知本发明拓扑电感电流纹波值是现有交错式DC-DC拓扑电感电流纹波值的一半。
图10是本发明拓扑电压上升阶段震荡图，图9是现有交错式DC-DC拓扑电压上升阶段震荡图，对比两图结果可知本发明拓扑在电压上升阶段震荡幅度小，上升速度快。

Claims (3)

1.一种开关式交错DC-DC变换器，其特征在于：所述的DC-DC变换器中，第一开关器件SW1和第二开关器件SW2并联，为第一组开关器件，第三开关器件SW3和第四开关器件SW4并联，为第二组开关器件；所述变换器的输入电压端Vin的正极连接电感L1的一端，电感L1的另一端连接并联的第一开关器件SW1和第二开关器件SW2，并联的第一开关器件SW1和第二开关器件SW2的另一端接入输入电压端Vin的负极；并联的第一开关器件SW1和第二开关器件SW2再串连第三开关器件SW3和第四开关器件SW4并联支路；第三开关器件SW3和第四开关器件SW4并联支路的另一端和变换器的输出电压端Vout的正极；输出电压端Vout的正负极间并联滤波电容C。
2.根据权利要求1所述的开关式交错DC-DC变换器，其特征在于：对所述的DC-DC变换器的控制方法如下：将PWM的一个时间周期分为2组，控制第一组的2个开关器件，在第一组时间周期打开第一组的第一个开关器件，使电感L1充电，然后打开第二组的第一个开关器件，使得电感L1放电，通过电容C滤波；同理，在第二组时间周期打开第二组的第一个开关器件，使电容C充电，然后打开第二组的第二个开关器件，使电感放电，通过电容C滤波。
3.根据权利要求2所述的开关式交错DC-DC变换器，其特征在于：当第一开关器件SW1导通时，电源对电感L1充电，电容C持续放电；当第四开关器件SW4导通时，电感L1放电，并且对电容C充电；当第二开关器件SW2导通时,电源继续对电感L1充电，同时电容C放电；当第三开关器件SW3导通时，电感L1放电，并对电容C充电；每个开关器件在一个周期内打开一次，通过电感L1的电压在一个周期内出现两次，因此，通过电感L1的电流以及电容C的电压频率是开关频率的两倍。
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Application publication date: 20180424