CN107937095B - 一种具有表面消泡功能的混凝土油性脱模剂 - Google Patents

一种具有表面消泡功能的混凝土油性脱模剂 Download PDF

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CN107937095B
CN107937095B CN201711138804.8A CN201711138804A CN107937095B CN 107937095 B CN107937095 B CN 107937095B CN 201711138804 A CN201711138804 A CN 201711138804A CN 107937095 B CN107937095 B CN 107937095B
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defoaming
glycerol
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刘亚莲
石亮
张治洲
林玮
胡云鹤
刘建忠
赵阳
姚宝永
呼子纳
黄聪
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China Water Resource And Hydropower Engineering Consultancy Beijing Ltd
Fengman Dam Reconstruction Engineering Construction Bureau Of Songhuajiang Hydropower Co ltd
Jiangsu Bote New Materials Co Ltd
Sinohydro Bureau 6 Co Ltd
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Fengman Dam Reconstruction Engineering Construction Bureau Of Songhuajiang Hydropower Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种具有表面消泡功能的脱模剂，其使用低粘度油脂作为脱模隔离组分，还包括灭泡表面活性剂组分；通过脱模隔离组分与灭泡表面活性剂组分的液态混合物，在降低模板处气泡上迁移阻力的同时，主动破坏气泡液膜，使其迅速破灭，进一步降低混凝土表面出现气孔的几率。

Description

一种具有表面消泡功能的混凝土油性脱模剂
技术领域
本发明涉及一种脱模剂，尤其是一种具有表面消泡功能的混凝土油性脱模剂。
背景技术
混凝土结构(构件)的表面气孔情况不仅直接影响免饰建筑(制品)外观的美观度，也被认为是混凝土内部密实情况的的直观表现，反映混凝土质量的优劣。同时表面气孔情况也显著影响混凝土结构(构件)的耐久性能。特别是对于清水混凝土需求愈来愈多的当代混凝土工程，对于包括表观气泡数量(面积)在内的混凝土结构(构件)外观提出了较高的要求。
但是，由于混凝土原材料品质原因、模板表面质量、结构形式对于浇筑和振捣工艺的限制，往往导致混凝土模板处气孔难以有效排出和消除，脱模后在混凝土表面形成明显的气孔缺陷，导致修补工作的增加，甚至报废重建。
绝大多数的混凝土工程模板处理均采用脱模剂，用以隔离混凝土和模板，避免二者的直接接触所产生的物理或化学的作用，以便在混凝土硬化后移除模板时，二者容易分离。研究和工程经验表明，脱模剂对于混凝土结构(构件)的外观气孔情况有明显的影响。现有研究指出，降低脱模物质的粘度，以减少与模板接触气泡的上浮阻力是针对气孔问题开发脱模剂的主要方向。然而，这样的努力仍然是被动的依赖气泡的迁移，以减少表观气孔。当受混凝土粘度影响或振捣力较弱，气泡迁移困难时，并不能满足实际工程对于外观气孔情况的要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的针对现有技术的缺陷，提供一种表面消泡功能的脱模剂，所述表面消泡功能的脱模剂通过脱模隔离组分与灭泡表面活性剂组分的液态混合物，在降低模板处气泡上迁移阻力的同时，主动破坏气泡液膜，使其迅速破灭，进一步降低混凝土表面出现气孔的几率。
本发明所述脱模剂使用低粘度油脂作为脱模隔离组分，其还包括灭泡表面活性剂组分；
所述灭泡表面活性剂组分为十八醇聚乙二醇聚丙二醇醚和/或丙三醇聚氧乙烯醚。
所述灭泡表面活性剂组分使脱模剂具有消泡效果。
本发明所述的具有消泡功能的脱模剂的组成还包括助剂，所述助剂是指十二烷基苯磺酸钠和有机硅消泡剂。
所述低粘度油脂选自丙三醇和/或1,2,3-丙三醇三(十二烷酸)酯。
所述表面消泡功能的脱模剂的组成，以重量分数计，如下：
Figure BDA0001471052090000021
表面消泡功能的混凝土油性脱模剂的制备方法，包括以下制备步骤：
所述低粘度油脂、灭泡表面活性剂组分和助剂在60-70℃的水浴中共混均匀，制得所述具有消泡功能的脱模剂。
本发明人发现，混凝土表面气孔情况有赖于模板与混凝土界面处气泡的上浮与破灭。首先，气泡的上浮过程受到混凝土粘度和脱模剂粘度的影响，粘度越低，上浮速度越快；当气泡上浮至混凝土液面时，气泡液膜破灭后气泡消散，从而改善混凝土外观气孔情况。传统的脱模剂隔离模板与混凝土拌合物，尽管在降低脱模物质粘度，提高气泡迁移速度方面做出改进，但对于加速液面处气泡液膜的破灭速度没有作用。因此，当气泡液膜由于前述混凝土自身或振捣力等因素未能快速破灭，进一步浇筑的混凝土会将气泡再次覆盖，很有可能形成混凝土硬化后的气孔缺陷。因此，本发明人尝试使用较低粘度脱模隔离物质与具有加速泡沫破灭的表面活性剂均匀混合，实现混凝土拌合物中气泡的快速迁移和加速破灭，达到较少的表观气孔效果。
但是，研究发现，不同脱模隔离物质与加速灭泡的表面活性剂的相容性并不相同，即存在配伍、比例不当时，两者容易分层而失去整体均匀性，存储后使用达不到应有的效果。最终，本发明人通过大量配伍与优选实验，确定了由低粘度油脂(丙三醇、1,2,3-丙三醇三(十二烷酸)酯)、表面活性剂(十八醇聚乙二醇聚丙二醇醚、丙三醇聚氧乙烯醚)和助剂(十二烷基苯磺酸钠、有机硅消泡剂)及其适当比例的一种表面消泡功能的混凝土油性脱模剂配方。该配方的混凝土油性脱模剂在60-70℃的水浴中共混均匀后即可稳定存在。
本发明整个实验所需组分，操作过程都简单易行，大大降低了工业生产成本，利于大规模生产需要。本发明经实验验证在不影响硬化混凝土表面强度的前提下，可显著减少硬化混凝土表观气孔缺陷。
本发明的有益效果是：
(1)本发明通过低粘度隔离物质与具有快速灭泡能力表面活性剂复合制备的混凝土脱模剂，能够显著减少混凝土表观气孔缺陷，提升混凝土外观质量。
(2)组成为相对简单的单一液体，制备简单，易于工业化生产与施工操作。
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解本发明，下面结合实施例进一步阐明本发明的内容，但本发明的内容并不仅仅限于以下几个实施例。
混凝土坍落度参照GB/T50080-2016《普通混凝土拌合物性能试验方法标准》执行。
混凝土外观气泡情况参照JGJ169-2009《清水混凝土应用技术规程》执行。
实施例1：将4份丙三醇、20份1,2,3-丙三醇三(十二烷酸)酯、7份十八醇聚乙二醇聚丙二醇醚、7份丙三醇聚氧乙烯醚、0.7份十二烷基苯磺酸钠、0.3份有机硅消泡剂在65℃的水浴中共混均匀，制得脱模剂，均匀涂刷于长1m×高0.8m×厚0.3m的混凝土模具的钢模板表面，用量约12g/m3。将拌合得到的普通C30混凝土(坍落度18cm，含气量2.5％)分两层浇筑于模具内，每层浇筑时采用振捣棒均匀分布3个振点振捣，留振时间15s。1天后拆模评测混凝土外观气泡情况。采用本发明脱模剂时，混凝土表面最大气泡直径1.1mm，最大深度0.5mm，每平米气泡面积为6.3cm2；对比采用普通油性脱模剂时，混凝土表面最大气泡直径5.3mm，最大深度1.3mm，每平米气泡面积为14.2cm2。同时，28天混凝土表面回弹强度相当。说明，本发明实施例1制备的脱模剂在不影响混凝土强度发展的前提下，显著改善了普通混凝土外观气泡情况。
实施例2：将3份丙三醇、18份1,2,3-丙三醇三(十二烷酸)酯、8份十八醇聚乙二醇聚丙二醇醚、9份丙三醇聚氧乙烯醚、0.7份十二烷基苯磺酸钠、0.3份有机硅消泡剂在65℃的水浴中共混均匀，制得脱模剂，均匀涂刷于长1m×高0.8m×厚0.3m的混凝土模具的木模板表面，用量约14g/m3。将拌合得到的高含气量C40混凝土(坍落度18cm，含气量5.5％)分两层浇筑于模具内，每层浇筑时采用振捣棒均匀分布3个振点振捣，留振时间15s。1天后拆模评测混凝土外观气泡情况。采用本发明脱模剂时，混凝土表面最大气泡直径1.3mm，最大深度0.5mm，每平米气泡面积为7.3cm2；对比采用普通油性脱模剂时，混凝土表面最大气泡直径8.3mm，最大深度2.3mm，每平米气泡面积为27.2cm2。同时，28天混凝土表面回弹强度相当。说明，本发明实施例2制备的脱模剂在不影响混凝土强度发展的前提下，显著改善了高含气量混凝土外观气泡情况。
实施例3：将3份丙三醇、17份1,2,3-丙三醇三(十二烷酸)酯、9份十八醇聚乙二醇聚丙二醇醚、9份丙三醇聚氧乙烯醚、0.7份十二烷基苯磺酸钠、0.3份有机硅消泡剂在65℃的水浴中共混均匀，制得脱模剂，均匀涂刷于长1m×高0.8m×厚0.3m的混凝土模具的木模板表面，用量约14g/m3。将拌合得到的自密实C60混凝土(坍落度26cm，含气量2.5％)一次性地于模具中部缓慢浇筑进模具，混凝土液面上升速度约为2mm/s。1天后拆模评测混凝土外观气泡情况。采用本发明脱模剂时，混凝土表面最大气泡直径1.2mm，最大深度0.5mm，每平米气泡面积为3.3cm2；对比采用普通油性脱模剂时，混凝土表面最大气泡直径6.4mm，最大深度2.1mm，每平米气泡面积为10.7cm2。同时，28天混凝土表面回弹强度相当。说明，本发明实施例3制备的脱模剂在不影响混凝土强度发展的前提下，显著改善了免振捣的自密实混凝土外观气泡情况。
对比例1：将4份丙三醇、20份1,2,3-丙三醇三(十二烷酸)酯、0.7份十二烷基苯磺酸钠、14份有机硅消泡剂在65℃的水浴中共混均匀，制得以有机硅消泡剂为主要灭泡组分的脱模剂。该对比样静置24小时后出现明显的分层，简单搅拌混匀后，均匀涂刷于长1m×高0.8m×厚0.3m的混凝土模具的钢模板表面，用量约12g/m3。将拌合得到的普通C30混凝土(坍落度18cm，含气量2.5％)分两层浇筑于模具内，每层浇筑时采用振捣棒均匀分布3个振点振捣，留振时间15s。1天后拆模评测混凝土外观气泡情况。采用此对比样脱模剂时，混凝土表面最大气泡直径3.2mm，最大深度1.4mm，每平米气泡面积为9.3cm2，相较实施例1中，静置1天后未出现分层现象的本发明脱模剂，混凝土表面气泡情况有明显的劣势。
对比例2：将4份丙三醇、20份1,2,3-丙三醇三(十二烷酸)酯、0.7份十二烷基苯磺酸钠、0.3份有机硅消泡剂在65℃的水浴中共混均匀，制得未含有灭泡组分的低粘度油脂作为脱模剂，均匀涂刷于长1m×高0.8m×厚0.3m的混凝土模具的钢模板表面，用量约12g/m3。将拌合得到的普通C30混凝土(坍落度18cm，含气量2.5％)分两层浇筑于模具内，每层浇筑时采用振捣棒均匀分布3个振点振捣，留振时间15s。1天后拆模评测混凝土外观气泡情况。采用此对比样脱模剂时，混凝土表面最大气泡直径4.2mm，最大深度1.4mm，每平米气泡面积为12.3cm2，相较实施例1中，使用本发明脱模剂时混凝土表面气泡情况有明显的劣势。

Claims (2)

1.一种具有消泡功能的脱模剂，其使用低粘度油脂作为脱模隔离组分，其特征在于，其还包括灭泡表面活性剂组分；
所述灭泡表面活性剂组分为十八醇聚乙二醇聚丙二醇醚和/或丙三醇聚氧乙烯醚；
所述低粘度油脂选自丙三醇和/或1,2,3-丙三醇三(十二烷酸)酯；
其组成还包括助剂，所述助剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠和有机硅消泡剂；
所述表面消泡功能的脱模剂的组成，以重量份数计，如下：
Figure FDA0002978009370000011
2.权利要求1所述的具有表面消泡功能的混凝土油性脱模剂的制备方法，包括以下制备步骤：
所述低粘度油脂、灭泡表面活性剂和助剂在60-70℃的水浴中共混均匀，制得所述具有消泡功能的脱模剂。
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