CN107936958A - 一种有机发光材料及其制法和有机电致发光器件 - Google Patents

一种有机发光材料及其制法和有机电致发光器件 Download PDF

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CN107936958A
CN107936958A CN201711448118.0A CN201711448118A CN107936958A CN 107936958 A CN107936958 A CN 107936958A CN 201711448118 A CN201711448118 A CN 201711448118A CN 107936958 A CN107936958 A CN 107936958A
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王钊
刘成凯
王进政
崔明
刘志远
金福荣
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Jilin Optical and Electronic Materials Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明的目的是:提供一种能够使器件的发光效率及寿命提高、具有适当的色坐标的新型结构的有机发光材料及其制法和有机电致发光器件。本发明提供的有机发光材料,由于电子传达效率高,使其用于制备有机电致发光器件时能够很好的形成层,能够改善器件的电流特性,制备的有机电致发光器件具有驱动电压低、电力效率高的优点。本发明提供的有机发光材料的制法,原料易得,工艺简单,适合于工业化生产。

Description

一种有机发光材料及其制法和有机电致发光器件
技术领域
本发明涉及发光材料领域,具体涉及一种有机发光材料及其制法和有机电致发光器件。
背景技术
电致发光器件(electroluminescence device:EL device)作为自发光型显示器件,它具有可视角度宽、对比度好,以及应答速度快的优点。1987年,柯达(Eastman Kodak)公司首次开发了利用低分子芳香二胺和铝络合物作为发光层材料的有机电致发光器件。有机电致发光器件通常结构是以阳极(anode),阴极(cathode)和两极之间的有机物层组成。有机物层可以由发光层、空穴注入层,空穴传输层,电子阻断层,电子缓冲层,空穴阻断层,电子传输层,电子注入层等形成。其中发光层材料是决定器件发光效率、寿命和性能的最重要的因素。发光层材料包括主体材料及掺杂材料,但有机发光主体材料一般载流子的迁移率都普遍较低,因此采用掺杂技术可以大大地提高有机主体材料的迁移率,降低OLED的驱动电压。所以能否研制出新型结构的掺杂材料,能够使器件的发光效率及寿命提高显得至关重要。
发明内容
本发明的目的是:提供一种能够使器件的发光效率及寿命提高、具有适当的色坐标的新型结构的有机发光材料及其制法和有机电致发光器件。
为了实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案具体如下:
一种有机发光材料,其结构式如式1或式2所示:
式中:Ar1和Ar2各自独立地选自取代或未取代的苯基、取代或未取代的芳族杂环基、或取代或未取代的稠环芳基;
Ar3和Ar4各自独立地选自烷基;
Z为氢、烷基、环烷基、硅基、取代或未取代的苯基、胺基或芳族杂环基;
A为氢、胺基或芳族杂环基。
在上述技术方案中,所述Ar1和Ar2各自独立地选自碳原子数为6-18的取代或未取代的苯基、碳原子数为12-18的取代或未取代的芳族杂环基、或碳原子数为10-25的取代或未取代的稠环芳基。
在上述技术方案中,所述Ar1和Ar2各自独立地选自碳原子数为7-16的取代或未取代的苯基、碳原子数为12-15的取代或未取代的芳族杂环基、或碳原子数为14-20的取代或未取代的稠环芳基。
在上述技术方案中,所述Ar1和Ar2各自独立地选自碳原子数为8-15的取代或未取代的苯基、碳原子数为15-18的取代或未取代的芳族杂环基、或碳原子数为15-18的取代或未取代的稠环芳基。
在上述技术方案中,所述Ar1和Ar2各自独立地选自碳原子数为11-13的取代或未取代的苯基、碳原子数为15的取代或未取代的芳族杂环基、或碳原子数为16-18的取代或未取代的稠环芳基。
在上述技术方案中,所述Ar3和Ar4各自独立地选自碳原子数为1-6的烷基;Z为碳原子数为1-4的烷基、碳原子数为3-6的环烷基、碳原子数为6-9的取代或未取代的苯基或碳原子数为12的取代或未取代的芳族杂环基;A为碳原子数为18的取代或未取代的芳族杂环基。
在上述技术方案中,所述有机发光材料为下列结构中的任意一个:
在上述技术方案中,所述有机发光材料可以应用于有机太阳电池、电子纸、有机感光体、有机晶体管或喷墨打印材料。
一种有机发光材料的制法,包括以下步骤:
式1所示的化合物的制法如下:
在氮气条件下,向反应容器里加1,2,3,6,7,8-六氢芘,N-溴代丁二酰亚胺,二氯甲烷,乙腈以后常温搅拌24小时,反应结束以后减压过滤得到固体,得到的固体用甲醇洗涤得到中间体1;
在氮气条件下,向反应容器里加入中间体1,化合物1-1,碳酸钾,1,4-二恶烷,放入70℃条件下搅拌,同温度下,继续加入四三苯基膦钯和蒸馏水,回流搅拌过夜,反应结束冷却至室温,将反应液浓缩,用甲醇纯化后过滤,然后用MeOH洗涤固体,固体过滤后,用蒸馏水和甲醇萃取,加入甲苯后,回流搅拌1小时,直到完全溶解,冷却后过滤,过滤后得到的固体用蒸馏水/甲醇洗涤,在50℃真空干燥,得到中间体2;
在氮气条件下,将中间体2溶于四氢呋喃中搅拌至固体完全溶解后,冷却到0℃后,滴加甲基氯化镁,搅拌过夜后,将反应液缓慢加入到氯化铵中,有机层分离后,用乙醇/蒸馏水洗涤后过滤,将滤液减压浓缩后,柱层析,得到中间体3;
在氮气条件下,将中间体3加入到二氯甲烷中完全溶解后,加入甲磺酸,再向反应液中加入甲醇浓缩,再使用甲醇重结晶,反应1小时后,将固体过滤,用甲醇洗涤,向过滤的固体中加入丙酮回流搅拌反应过夜,将反应液冷却至室温后,加入丙酮洗涤,70℃真空干燥,得到中间体4;
向三口烧瓶中加入中间体4,NBS,二氯甲烷和甲醇,常温下搅拌24小时,反应完成后,析出的固体产物进行减压过滤,甲醇洗涤,得到中间体5;
在氮气条件下,在圆底烧瓶中加入中间体5,化合物1-2及NaO-t-Bu,用甲苯溶解后,加入Pd2(dba)3和P(t-Bu)3,于110℃搅拌反应12小时,反应结束后,将过滤得到的固体生成物重新溶解在氯苯中,然后加入活性炭和无水硫酸镁搅拌,溶液再次过滤后用氯苯、甲醇重结晶,得到中间体6;
向三口烧瓶中加入中间体6、2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰对苯醌和甲苯,90℃下搅拌3小时,反应液冷却后硅胶柱层析,浓缩后用氯甲烷和甲醇的混合溶剂重结晶,得到中间体7;
在氮气条件下,向三口圆底烧瓶中加入中间体7,PdCl2(dppf),化合物1-3的四氢呋喃溶液,二氧六环,于90℃下搅拌反应12小时,反应液冷却后,用水和甲烷层分离后,浓缩,得到有机层再结晶,用甲醇洗涤,得到式1所示的化合物;
合成路线如下:
式2所示的化合物的制法如下:
在氮气条件下,向反应容器里加1,2,3,6,7,8-六氢芘,N-溴代丁二酰亚胺,二氯甲烷,乙腈以后常温搅拌24小时,反应结束以后减压过滤得到固体,得到的固体用甲醇洗涤得到中间体1;
在氮气条件下,向反应容器里加入中间体1,化合物1-1,碳酸钾,1,4-二恶烷,放入70℃条件下搅拌,同温度下,继续加入四三苯基膦钯和蒸馏水,回流搅拌过夜,反应结束冷却至室温,将反应液浓缩,用甲醇纯化后过滤,然后用MeOH洗涤固体,固体过滤后,用蒸馏水和甲醇萃取,加入甲苯后,回流搅拌1小时,直到完全溶解,冷却后过滤,过滤后得到的固体用蒸馏水/甲醇洗涤,在50℃真空干燥,得到中间体2;
在氮气条件下,将中间体2溶于四氢呋喃中搅拌至固体完全溶解后,冷却到0℃后,滴加化合物1-2,搅拌过夜后,将反应液缓慢加入到氯化铵中,有机层分离后,用乙醇/蒸馏水洗涤后过滤,将滤液减压浓缩后,柱层析,得到中间体3;
在氮气条件下,将中间体3加入到二氯甲烷中完全溶解后,加入甲磺酸,再向反应液中加入甲醇浓缩,再使用甲醇重结晶,反应1小时后,将固体过滤,用甲醇洗涤,向过滤的固体中加入丙酮回流搅拌反应过夜,将反应液冷却至室温后,加入丙酮洗涤,70℃真空干燥,得到中间体4;
向三口烧瓶中加入中间体4,NBS,二氯甲烷和甲醇,常温下搅拌24小时,反应完成后,析出的固体产物进行减压过滤,甲醇洗涤,得到中间体5;
在氮气条件下,在圆底烧瓶中加入中间体5,化合物1-3及NaO-t-Bu,用甲苯溶解后,加入Pd2(dba)3和P(t-Bu)3,于110℃搅拌反应12小时,反应结束后,将过滤得到的固体重新溶解在氯苯中,然后加入活性炭和无水硫酸镁,溶液再次过滤后用氯苯、甲醇重结晶,得到中间体6;
在氮气条件下,向反应容器里加中间体6,N-溴代丁二酰亚胺,二氯甲烷,乙腈以后常温搅拌24小时,反应结束以后减压过滤得到固体,得到的固体用甲醇洗涤得到中间体7;
向反应容器中加入中间体7,化合物1-4,Pd(pph3)4,碳酸钾,甲苯,乙醇和蒸馏水后,于120℃下搅拌反应3小时,反应结束后,乙酸乙酯洗涤,得到有机层,有机层再用无水硫酸镁干燥,回转蒸发除去溶剂,得到中间体8;
向三口烧瓶中加入中间体8、2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰对苯醌和甲苯,90℃下搅拌3小时,反应液冷却后硅胶柱层析,浓缩后用氯甲烷和甲醇的混合溶剂重结晶,得到式2所示的化合物;
合成路线如下:
式中:Ar1和Ar2各自独立地选自取代或未取代的苯基、取代或未取代的芳族杂环基、或取代或未取代的稠环芳基;Ar3和Ar4各自独立地选自烷基;Z为氢、烷基、环烷基、硅基、取代或未取代的苯基、胺基或芳族杂环基;A为氢、胺基或芳族杂环基。
一种有机电致发光器件,其发光层的掺杂材料为式1或式2所示的有机发光材料。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明提供的有机发光材料,由于电子传达效率高,使其用于制备有机电致发光器件时能够很好的形成层,能够改善器件的电流特性,制备的有机电致发光器件具有驱动电压低、电力效率高的优点。
本发明提供的有机发光材料的制法,原料易得,工艺简单,适合于工业化生产。
具体实施方式
[合成例1]化合物1的合成
在氮气条件下,向反应容器里加1,2,3,6,7,8-六氢芘(10g,48mmol),N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(21.4g,120mmol),二氯甲烷250mL,乙腈250mL以后常温搅拌24小时,反应结束以后减压过滤得到固体,得到的固体用甲醇洗涤得到12.3g中间体1-1(收率70%)。质谱为363,理论值为363.95。
在氮气条件下,向反应容器里加入中间体1-1(38.4g,105.52mmol),2-乙酰基苯基硼酸(34.6g,211.04mmol),碳酸钾(18.23g,131.9mmol),1,4-二恶烷400mL放入70℃条件下搅拌,同温度下,继续加入四三苯基膦钯(2.54g,2.19mmol)和40mL蒸馏水,回流搅拌过夜,反应结束冷却至室温,将反应液浓缩,用甲醇纯化后过滤,然后用MeOH洗涤固体,固体过滤后,用蒸馏水和甲醇萃取,再溶于甲苯后,回流搅拌1小时,直到完全溶解,冷却后过滤,过滤后得到的固体用蒸馏水/甲醇洗涤,在50℃真空干燥,得到35.2g中间体1-2(收率75%)。质谱为444,理论值444.21。
氮气条件下,将中间体1-2(15g,33.77mmol)溶于400mL四氢呋喃中搅拌至固体完全溶解后,冷却到0℃后,慢慢滴加101.3mL(303.98mmol)甲基氯化镁,搅拌过夜后,将反应液缓慢加入到1.5L氯化铵中,有机层分离后,用乙醇/蒸馏水洗涤后过滤,将滤液减压浓缩后,柱层析(乙醇:正己烷=1:20~13),得到8.9g白色固体中间体1-3(收率55%),质谱为476.20,理论值为476.27。
在氮气条件下,将中间体1-3(8.3g,17.41mmol)加入到300mL二氯甲烷(MC)中完全溶解后,加入5.65mL甲磺酸(MSA)(87.09mmol),再向反应液中加入200mL甲醇浓缩,再使用200mL甲醇重结晶。反应1小时后,将固体过滤,用甲醇洗涤。向过滤的固体中加入400mL丙酮回流搅拌反应过夜,将反应液冷却至室温后,加入200mL丙酮洗涤,70℃真空干燥,得到5.4g中间体1-4(收率70%),质谱为440,理论值440.25。
向三口烧瓶中加入中间体1-4(18.9g,42.86mmol),NBS(16.78g,94.3mmol),360mL二氯甲烷(DCM)和甲醇360mL,常温下搅拌24小时。反应完成后,析出的固体产物进行减压过滤,甲醇洗涤,得到20.5g中间体1-5(收率80%)质谱为596,理论值596.07。
化合物1的合成
在氮气条件下,在500mL的圆底烧瓶中加入中间体1-5(11.9g,19.8mmol),二苯胺(7.37g,43.56mmol)及NaO-t-Bu(3.2g,33.7mmol),用甲苯160mL溶解后,加入Pd2(dba)3(0.454g,0.5mmol)和P(t-Bu)3(0.6g,1.49mmol),于110℃搅拌反应12小时。反应结束后,将过滤得到的固体生成物重新溶解在氯苯中,然后加入活性炭和无水硫酸镁,溶液再次过滤后用氯苯、甲醇重结晶,得到11.5g中间体1-6(收率75%),质谱为774,理论值774.40。
向三口烧瓶中加入中间体1-6(21.4g,27.64mmol)、2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰对苯醌(DDQ)(7.53g,33.2mmol)和350mL甲苯,90℃下搅拌3小时。反应液冷却后硅胶柱层析,浓缩后用氯甲烷和甲醇的混合溶剂重结晶,得到18g化合物1(收率85%)。质谱为768,理论值768.35。
[合成例2]化合物5的合成
在氮气条件下,向500mL的圆底烧瓶中加入中间体1-5(11.9g,19.8mmol)、化合物a(7.37g,43.56mmol)及NaO-t-Bu(3.2g,33.7mmol),用160mL甲苯溶解后,再加入Pd2(dba)3(0.454g,0.5mmol)和P(t-Bu)3(0.6g,1.49mmol),反应溶液回流搅拌反应6小时。反应结束后过滤,将过滤得到的固体用二氯甲烷溶解,硅胶柱层析,过滤后的固体用175mL甲苯加热溶解,冷却到室温后,过滤、干燥后得到15.5g得到中间体5-1(收率81%),质谱为978,理论值978.47。
向三口烧瓶中的加入中间体5-1(27g,27.64mmol)、DDQ(7.53g,33.2mmol)和甲苯500mL,于90℃下搅拌3小时。反应液冷却后硅胶柱层析,浓缩后用氯甲烷和甲醇的混合溶剂重结晶,得到24.2g化合物5(收率90%)。质谱为970,理论值为970.40。
[合成例3]化合物15的合成
在氮气条件下,向500mL的圆底烧瓶中加入中间体1-5(35.4g,59.1mmol),化合物b(38.3g,147.7mmol)、0.1g Pd2(dba)3,15%三叔丁基膦0.3g和NaO-t-Bu1.8g,用300mL甲苯溶解,于60℃下搅拌反应12小时。反应液冷却后硅胶柱层析,浓缩后用氯甲烷和甲醇的混合溶剂柱色谱法分离得到44.1g中间体15-1(收率78%)。
向三口烧瓶中加入中间体15-1(26.5g,27.64mmol)、DDQ(7.53g,33.2mmol)和甲苯500mL,于90℃下搅拌3小时。反应液冷却后硅胶柱层析,浓缩后用氯甲烷和甲醇的混合溶剂重结晶,得到23.6g化合物15(收率90%)。质谱为948,理论值为948.37。
[合成例4]化合物41的合成
向三口瓶中加入化合物1(33g,42.86mmol)、NBS(16.78g,94.3mmol)、360mL二氯甲烷和360mL甲醇、常温下搅拌24小时,反应结束后,过滤、洗涤得到31.8g中间体41-1(收率80%)。质谱为924,理论值为924.17。
向三口烧瓶中加入化合物41-1(20.0g,28.8mmol)、PdCl2(dppf)0.10g、MeMgCl(10.55ml,31.65mmol)和二氧六环150mL,于90℃下搅拌反应12小时。反应液冷却后,用水和甲烷层分离后,浓缩的有机层用n-己烷柱色谱法进行分离,将得到的溶液再结晶后,用甲醇洗涤,得到9.2g化合物41(收率40%)。质谱为796,理论值为796.38。
[合成例5]化合物55的合成
向三口烧瓶中加入化合物15(20.3g,21.43mmol),NBS(8.4g,47.15mmol),二氯甲烷360mL和甲醇360mL,常温下搅拌反应24小时。反应完成后,析出的固体产物进行减压过滤,用甲醇洗涤,得到20.2g中间体55-1(收率85%)。质谱为1104,理论值为1104.19。
在氮气条件下,向2L的三口圆底烧瓶中加入中间体55-1(23.8g,21.5mmol),PdCl2(dppf)2.0g,浓度为1M的环戊基溴化镁的四氢呋喃溶液300mL,二氧六环300mL,于90℃下搅拌反应12小时。反应液冷却后,用水和甲烷层分离后,浓缩,得到有机层结晶,用甲醇洗涤,得到15.2g化合物55(收率65%)。质谱为1084,理论值为1084.50。
[合成例6]化合物74的合成
在氮气条件下,向反应容器里加1,2,3,6,7,8-六氢芘(10g,48mmol),NBS(8.6g,120mmol),二氯甲烷250mL,乙腈250mL以后常温搅拌24小时,反应结束以后减压过滤得到固体,得到的固体用甲醇洗涤得到11g中间体74-1(收率80%)。质谱为286,理论值为286.04。
使用中间体74-1(30.3g,105.52mmol),2-乙酰基苯硼酸(17.3g,105.52mmol),碳酸钾(18.23g,131.9mmol)和Pd(PPh3)4(2.54g,2.19mmol),其他同中间体1-2相同的方法合成35.2g中间体74-2(收率75%)。质谱为326,理论值为326.17。
使用中间体74-2(11g,33.77mmol),浓度为1M的MeMgCl 101.3mL(303.98mmol),其他同中间体1-3相同的方法合成6.4g中间体74-3(收率55%),质谱为342,理论值为342.20。
使用中间体74-3(5.96g,17.41mmol)和甲磺酸(MSA)5.65mL(87.09mmol),其他同中间体1-4相同的方法合成3.95g中间体74-4(收率70%)。质谱为324,理论值为324.19。
使用中间体74-4(13.9g,42.86mmol)和NBS(16.78g,94.3mmol),其他同中间体1-4相同的方法合成13.8g中间体74-5(收率80%)。质谱为402,理论值为402.10。
使用中间体74-5(8g,19.8mmol),二苯胺(3.7g,21.78mmol)及NaO-t-Bu(3.2g,33.7mmol),Pd2(dba)3(0.454g,0.5mmol)和P(t-Bu)3(0.6g,1.49mmol),其他同中间体1-6相同的方法合成7.3g中间体74-6(收率75%)。质谱为491.26,理论值为491.26。
使用中间体74-6(13.6g,27.64mmol)和DDQ(7.53g,33.2mmol),其他同化合物1相同的方法合成11.4g化合物74(收率85%)。质谱为485,理论值为485.21。
[合成例7]化合物75的合成
使用中间体74-4(15.6g,48mmole)和NBS(7.2g,100mmole),其他同中间体1-1相同的方法合成13.9g中间体75-1(收率为60%)。质谱为480,理论值为480.01。
使用中间体75-1(9.55g,19.8mmol),二苯胺(3.7g,21.78mmol),NaO-t-Bu(3.2g,33.7mmol),Pd2(dba)3(0.454g,0.5mmol)和P(t-Bu)3(0.6g,1.49mmol),其他同中间体1-6相同的方法合成9.8g中间体75-2(收率75%)。质谱为658,理论值为658.33。
使用中间体75-2(18.2g,27.64mmol)和DDQ(7.53g,33.2mmol),其他同化合物1相同的方法合成17.1g化合物75(收率95%)。质谱为652,理论值为652.29。
[合成例8]化合物76的合成
使用中间体74-6(15.6g,48mmol),NBS(3.6g,50mmol),其他同中间体1-1相同的方法合成21.9g中间体76-1(收率80%),质谱为569,理论值为569.17。
使用中间体76-1(9.64g,16.9mmol),化合物c(5.3g,18.4mmol),Pd(pph3)4(0.7g,1.08mmol),碳酸钾(5.3g,38.3mmol),甲苯100mL,乙醇30mL和蒸馏水30mL后,于120℃下搅拌反应3小时。反应结束后,乙酸乙酯洗涤,得到有机层。提取的有机层用无水硫酸镁干燥,回转蒸发除去溶剂,得到9.96g中间体76-2(收率80%)。MS/FAB质谱为736,理论值为736.38。
使用中间体76-2(20.4g,27.64mmol)和DDQ(7.53g,33.2mmol),其他同化合物1相同的方法合成17.1g化合物76(收率85%)。质谱为728,理论值为728.32。
参照合成例1-8的合成方法合成其他化合物。
有机电致发光器件的制备及性能评价:
1、蓝色有机电致发光器件
比较例1
用化学式a表示的化合物a作为蓝色荧光主体材料,化学式b表示的化合物b作为掺杂材料,N1-(萘-2-yl)-N4,N4-二(4-(萘-2-yl(苯基)氨基)苯基)-N1-苯基苯-1,4-二胺("2-TNATA")作为空穴注入物质,制备具有以下结构的有机电致发光器件:ITO/2-TNATA(80nm)/α-NPD(30nm)/化合物a+化合物b(30nm)/Alq3(30nm)/Li F(0.5nm)/Al(60nm)。
阳极使用在康宁公司(Corning)的15Ω/cm2 ITO玻璃基板。玻璃基板切断50mm x 50mm x 0.7mm大小,丙酮、异丙基醇、水中各自15分钟超声波洗涤以后,30分钟UV臭氧清洗后使用。以上基板上面蒸镀80nm 2-TANATA空穴注入层、蒸镀空穴传输层30nmα-NPD、蒸镀30nm化合物a+化合物b(5%掺杂)形成发光层。蒸镀30nmAlq3形成电子传输层。以上电子传输层上面蒸镀LiF 0.5nm(电子注入)和Al 60nm(阴极)按顺序蒸镀制备出比较样品1。
比较例2
将比较例1中的化合物b替换为化学式c表示的化合物c外,其他同比较例1,得到比较样品2。
<化学式c>
比较例3
将比较例1中的化合物b替换为化学式d表示的化合物d外,其他同比较例1,得到比较样品3。
<化学式d>
比较例4
将比较例1中的化合物b替换为化学式f表示的化合物f外,其他同比较例1,得到比较样品4。
<化学式f>
实施例1-78
将比较例1中的化合物b分别替换为合成例合成的化合物1-78外,其他同比较例1,得到实施例样品1-78。
评价例1:比较样品1、2、3、4,及实施例样品1-78的发光性能评价
比较示例1-4及实施例样品1-78使用Keithley sourcemeter“2400”,KONIKAMINOLTA“CS-2000”仪器评价发光亮度、发光效率、发光峰。评价结果表示在表1。上述示例发光峰蓝光448~463nm范围。
表1
由表1能看出实施例1-78跟比较示例1-4比较具有更向上的发光特性。
评价例2:比较样品1、2、3、4,及实施例样品1-78的寿命特性评价
比较样品1-4及实施例样品1-78利用ENC technology公司的LTS-1004AC寿命测试装置3000nit为基准测试达到97%时间结果表示下表2。
表2
由表2能看出,实施例1-78跟比较例1-4相比具有更好的寿命特性。
显然,上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例,而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之中。

Claims (10)

1.一种有机发光材料,其特征在于,其结构式如式1或式2所示:
式中:Ar1和Ar2各自独立地选自取代或未取代的苯基、取代或未取代的芳族杂环基、或取代或未取代的稠环芳基;
Ar3和Ar4各自独立地选自烷基;
Z为氢、烷基、环烷基、硅基、取代或未取代的苯基、胺基或芳族杂环基;
A为氢、胺基或芳族杂环基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的有机发光材料,其特征在于,所述Ar1和Ar2各自独立地选自碳原子数为6-18的取代或未取代的苯基、碳原子数为12-18的取代或未取代的芳族杂环基、或碳原子数为10-25的取代或未取代的稠环芳基。
3.根据权利要求1所述的有机发光材料,其特征在于,所述Ar1和Ar2各自独立地选自碳原子数为7-16的取代或未取代的苯基、碳原子数为12-15的取代或未取代的芳族杂环基、或碳原子数为14-20的取代或未取代的稠环芳基。
4.根据权利要求1所述的有机发光材料,其特征在于,所述Ar1和Ar2各自独立地选自碳原子数为8-15的取代或未取代的苯基、碳原子数为15-18的取代或未取代的芳族杂环基、或碳原子数为15-18的取代或未取代的稠环芳基。
5.根据权利要求1所述的有机发光材料,其特征在于,所述Ar1和Ar2各自独立地选自碳原子数为11-13的取代或未取代的苯基、碳原子数为15的取代或未取代的芳族杂环基、或碳原子数为16-18的取代或未取代的稠环芳基。
6.根据权利要求1所述的有机发光材料,其特征在于,所述Ar3和Ar4各自独立地选自碳原子数为1-6的烷基;Z为碳原子数为1-4的烷基、碳原子数为3-6的环烷基、碳原子数为6-9的取代或未取代的苯基或碳原子数为12的取代或未取代的芳族杂环基;A为碳原子数为18的取代或未取代的芳族杂环基。
7.根据权利要求1所述的有机发光材料,其特征在于,所述有机发光材料为下列结构中的任意一个:
8.根据权利要求1-7任意一项所述的有机发光材料,其特征在于,所述有机发光材料可以应用于有机太阳电池、电子纸、有机感光体、有机晶体管或喷墨打印材料。
9.权利要求1所述的有机发光材料的制法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
式1所示的化合物的制法如下:
在氮气条件下,向反应容器里加1,2,3,6,7,8-六氢芘,N-溴代丁二酰亚胺,二氯甲烷,乙腈以后常温搅拌24小时,反应结束以后减压过滤得到固体,得到的固体用甲醇洗涤得到中间体1;
在氮气条件下,向反应容器里加入中间体1,化合物1-1,碳酸钾,1,4-二恶烷,放入70℃条件下搅拌,同温度下,继续加入四三苯基膦钯和蒸馏水,回流搅拌过夜,反应结束冷却至室温,将反应液浓缩,用甲醇纯化后过滤,然后用MeOH洗涤固体,固体过滤后,用蒸馏水和甲醇萃取,加入甲苯后,回流搅拌1小时,直到完全溶解,冷却后过滤,过滤后得到的固体用蒸馏水/甲醇洗涤,在50℃真空干燥,得到中间体2;
在氮气条件下,将中间体2溶于四氢呋喃中搅拌至固体完全溶解后,冷却到0℃后,滴加甲基氯化镁,搅拌过夜后,将反应液缓慢加入到氯化铵中,有机层分离后,用乙醇/蒸馏水洗涤后过滤,将滤液减压浓缩后,柱层析,得到中间体3;
在氮气条件下,将中间体3加入到二氯甲烷中完全溶解后,加入甲磺酸,再向反应液中加入甲醇浓缩,再使用甲醇重结晶,反应1小时后,将固体过滤,用甲醇洗涤,向过滤的固体中加入丙酮回流搅拌反应过夜,将反应液冷却至室温后,加入丙酮洗涤,70℃真空干燥,得到中间体4;
向三口烧瓶中加入中间体4,NBS,二氯甲烷和甲醇,常温下搅拌24小时,反应完成后,析出的固体产物进行减压过滤,甲醇洗涤,得到中间体5;
在氮气条件下,在圆底烧瓶中加入中间体5,化合物1-2及NaO-t-Bu,用甲苯溶解后,加入Pd2(dba)3和P(t-Bu)3,于110℃搅拌反应12小时,反应结束后,将过滤得到的固体生成物重新溶解在氯苯中,然后加入活性炭和无水硫酸镁搅拌,溶液再次过滤后用氯苯、甲醇重结晶,得到中间体6;
向三口烧瓶中加入中间体6、2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰对苯醌和甲苯,90℃下搅拌3小时,反应液冷却后硅胶柱层析,浓缩后用氯甲烷和甲醇的混合溶剂重结晶,得到中间体7;
在氮气条件下,向三口圆底烧瓶中加入中间体7,PdCl2(dppf),化合物1-3的四氢呋喃溶液,二氧六环,于90℃下搅拌反应12小时,反应液冷却后,用水和甲烷层分离后,浓缩,得到有机层再结晶,用甲醇洗涤,得到式1所示的化合物;
合成路线如下:
式2所示的化合物的制法如下:
在氮气条件下,向反应容器里加1,2,3,6,7,8-六氢芘,N-溴代丁二酰亚胺,二氯甲烷,乙腈以后常温搅拌24小时,反应结束以后减压过滤得到固体,得到的固体用甲醇洗涤得到中间体1;
在氮气条件下,向反应容器里加入中间体1,化合物1-1,碳酸钾,1,4-二恶烷,放入70℃条件下搅拌,同温度下,继续加入四三苯基膦钯和蒸馏水,回流搅拌过夜,反应结束冷却至室温,将反应液浓缩,用甲醇纯化后过滤,然后用MeOH洗涤固体,固体过滤后,用蒸馏水和甲醇萃取,加入甲苯后,回流搅拌1小时,直到完全溶解,冷却后过滤,过滤后得到的固体用蒸馏水/甲醇洗涤,在50℃真空干燥,得到中间体2;
在氮气条件下,将中间体2溶于四氢呋喃中搅拌至固体完全溶解后,冷却到0℃后,滴加化合物1-2,搅拌过夜后,将反应液缓慢加入到氯化铵中,有机层分离后,用乙醇/蒸馏水洗涤后过滤,将滤液减压浓缩后,柱层析,得到中间体3;
在氮气条件下,将中间体3加入到二氯甲烷中完全溶解后,加入甲磺酸,再向反应液中加入甲醇浓缩,再使用甲醇重结晶,反应1小时后,将固体过滤,用甲醇洗涤,向过滤的固体中加入丙酮回流搅拌反应过夜,将反应液冷却至室温后,加入丙酮洗涤,70℃真空干燥,得到中间体4;
向三口烧瓶中加入中间体4,NBS,二氯甲烷和甲醇,常温下搅拌24小时,反应完成后,析出的固体产物进行减压过滤,甲醇洗涤,得到中间体5;
在氮气条件下,在圆底烧瓶中加入中间体5,化合物1-3及NaO-t-Bu,用甲苯溶解后,加入Pd2(dba)3和P(t-Bu)3,于110℃搅拌反应12小时,反应结束后,将过滤得到的固体重新溶解在氯苯中,然后加入活性炭和无水硫酸镁,溶液再次过滤后用氯苯、甲醇重结晶,得到中间体6;
在氮气条件下,向反应容器里加中间体6,N-溴代丁二酰亚胺,二氯甲烷,乙腈以后常温搅拌24小时,反应结束以后减压过滤得到固体,得到的固体用甲醇洗涤得到中间体7;
向反应容器中加入中间体7,化合物1-4,Pd(pph3)4,碳酸钾,甲苯,乙醇和蒸馏水后,于120℃下搅拌反应3小时,反应结束后,乙酸乙酯洗涤,得到有机层,有机层再用无水硫酸镁干燥,回转蒸发除去溶剂,得到中间体8;
向三口烧瓶中加入中间体8、2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰对苯醌和甲苯,90℃下搅拌3小时,反应液冷却后硅胶柱层析,浓缩后用氯甲烷和甲醇的混合溶剂重结晶,得到式2所示的化合物;
合成路线如下:
式中:Ar1和Ar2各自独立地选自取代或未取代的苯基、取代或未取代的芳族杂环基、或取代或未取代的稠环芳基;Ar3和Ar4各自独立地选自烷基;Z为氢、烷基、环烷基、硅基、取代或未取代的苯基、胺基或芳族杂环基;A为氢、胺基或芳族杂环基。
10.一种有机电致发光器件,其特征在于,其发光层的掺杂材料为权利要求1中式1或式2所示的有机发光材料。
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