CN107936059A - 一种正十六烷氧丙基替诺福韦酯合成工艺的改进方法 - Google Patents
一种正十六烷氧丙基替诺福韦酯合成工艺的改进方法 Download PDFInfo
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- propyl group
- hexadecane oxygen
- hexadecane
- adenine
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- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- JFVZFKDSXNQEJW-CQSZACIVSA-N tenofovir disoproxil Chemical compound N1=CN=C2N(C[C@@H](C)OCP(=O)(OCOC(=O)OC(C)C)OCOC(=O)OC(C)C)C=NC2=C1N JFVZFKDSXNQEJW-CQSZACIVSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- PNNXBWWSFIVKQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC Chemical compound [O].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC PNNXBWWSFIVKQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 229960001355 tenofovir disoproxil Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- VCMJCVGFSROFHV-WZGZYPNHSA-N tenofovir disoproxil fumarate Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O.N1=CN=C2N(C[C@@H](C)OCP(=O)(OCOC(=O)OC(C)C)OCOC(=O)OC(C)C)C=NC2=C1N VCMJCVGFSROFHV-WZGZYPNHSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- GFFGJBXGBJISGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Adenine Chemical compound NC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2 GFFGJBXGBJISGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 229930024421 Adenine Natural products 0.000 claims description 27
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 229960000643 adenine Drugs 0.000 claims description 27
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 22
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960002286 clodronic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) Chemical compound CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002140 halogenating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004836 hexamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 claims description 4
- CTSLXHKWHWQRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C(Cl)=O CTSLXHKWHWQRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium ethoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC[O-] QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960004556 tenofovir Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L caesium carbonate Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]C([O-])=O FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000024 caesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- UHZYTMXLRWXGPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentachloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl UHZYTMXLRWXGPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)Cl FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- UCPYLLCMEDAXFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)OC(=O)OC(Cl)(Cl)Cl UCPYLLCMEDAXFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OXHNLMTVIGZXSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Methylpyrrole Chemical class CN1C=CC=C1 OXHNLMTVIGZXSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)=O XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- JRNVZBWKYDBUCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-chlorosuccinimide Chemical compound ClN1C(=O)CCC1=O JRNVZBWKYDBUCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- LWBFNUKTNRHYKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Br.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC Chemical compound Br.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC LWBFNUKTNRHYKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,3-diol Chemical class OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920000166 polytrimethylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- SCTJKHUUZLXJIP-RUZDIDTESA-N [(2r)-1-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxymethyl-(3-hexadecoxypropoxy)phosphinic acid Chemical compound N1=CN=C2N(C[C@@H](C)OCP(O)(=O)OCCCOCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C=NC2=C1N SCTJKHUUZLXJIP-RUZDIDTESA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7H-purine Chemical compound N1=CNC2=NC=NC2=C1 KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 3
- -1 dichloromethane Alkane Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004040 pyrrolidinones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)pyridin-3-amine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CN=C1OC1=CC=C(F)C=C1F LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010067484 Adverse reaction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 0 CC(*)C*1C=*C2=C(C)*=C*C12 Chemical compound CC(*)C*1C=*C2=C(C)*=C*C12 0.000 description 1
- HDCSOVJJTFUIBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N CNOCCCO Chemical compound CNOCCCO HDCSOVJJTFUIBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000016928 DNA-directed DNA polymerase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010014303 DNA-directed DNA polymerase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100034343 Integrase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010054949 Metaplasia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010092799 RNA-directed DNA polymerase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical class [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 108020005202 Viral DNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000001263 acyl chlorides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006838 adverse reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000840 anti-viral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007806 chemical reaction intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XFDJMIHUAHSGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorethoxyfos Chemical compound CCOP(=S)(OCC)OC(Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl XFDJMIHUAHSGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical class ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010511 deprotection reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XQRLCLUYWUNEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(=O)OP(O)=O XQRLCLUYWUNEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229930182470 glycoside Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002338 glycosides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000005229 liver cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015689 metaplastic ossification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006225 natural substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003009 phosphonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000651 prodrug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002130 sulfonic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000167 toxic agent Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002221 trityl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C([*])(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[H])[H])[H])[H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029812 viral genome replication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/6561—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom containing systems of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring or ring system, with or without other non-condensed hetero rings
- C07F9/65616—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom containing systems of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring or ring system, with or without other non-condensed hetero rings containing the ring system having three or more than three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members, e.g. purine or analogs
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种正十六烷氧丙基替诺福韦酯合成工艺的改进方法,属于有机合成的技术领域。本发明采用如下技术方案,包括以下步骤:①正十六烷基溴(2)和1,3‑丙二醇(3)反应得3‑正十六烷氧基丙醇(4);②PMPA(5)经氯代得酰氯中间体(6);③酰氯中间体(6)和3‑正十六烷氧基丙醇(4)酯化得中间体(7);④中间体(7)经水解、重结晶得正十六烷氧丙基替诺福韦酯(1),总收率约为62%,纯度大于99%。其主要优点是物料易得、操作简便、成本较低,有利于工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机合成的技术领域,具体的涉及一种正十六烷氧丙基替诺福韦酯合成工艺的改进方法。
背景技术
正十六烷氧丙基替诺福韦酯(Hexadecyloxy propyl tenofovir,CMX157),化学名为(R)-9-{2-[(正十六烷氧丙基)膦酸甲氧]丙基}腺嘌呤,属于核苷类抗乙肝病毒药物,通过模拟天然核苷的结构,与HBV病毒的天然底物dNTP竞争HBV的结合位点,嵌入正在合成的病毒DNA链,终止DNA链的延长,从而抑制HBV病毒的DNA聚合酶和逆转录酶的复制,最终抑制病毒复制。替诺福韦含有磷酸基团,在生理pH条件下通常因带负电荷而极性太强,不易通过生物膜,因此口服生物利用度较差。Chimerix公司为解决此问题,开发了其前药CMX157。CMX157给药后在体内转化为替诺福韦,在肝细胞中释放高浓度的具有药理活性的代谢产物替诺福韦二磷酸(TFV-DP),增加其生物利用度。该药有较高的抗病毒活性,不良反应少。
ContraVir公司的原研合成路线(Antimicrob.Agents Chemother.2007,51,3505-3509)为:
(R)-(+)-9-(2-羟丙基)腺嘌呤(9)经三苯甲基保护得化合物(11),DESMP水解、氯代后与3-正十六烷氧基丙醇(HDP)反应得化合物(10),化合物(10)和(11)缩合反应后制备得到中间体(8),中间体(8)脱保护基得到CMX157。但该方法操作繁琐,收率偏低(41%);原料DESMP价格较贵,且结构中含有磺酸酯结构,为潜在基因毒性物质,不利于产品质量控制;NaH为强碱性化合物,需无水操作,不利于规模化生产。
WO2012041015Al和CN106565785报道了CMX157的另外一种制备方法:以PMPA(5)和正十六烷基溴(2)为起始原料,正十六烷基溴(2)与1,3-丙二醇(3)反应制得3-正十六烷氧基丙醇(4),然后(4)与PMPA(5)经光延反应得CMX157(1)。但该方法中光延反应单取代选择性较差,存在副产物;同时PPh3产生的副产物极性与化合物(1)相当,在后处理时不易除去,需进行多次萃取、洗涤,导致收率偏低(粗品收率56%),且不利于产品质量控制。
发明内容
为了解决现有合成工艺中操作繁琐、收率较低及后处理困难等缺点,本发明提供了一种正十六烷氧丙基替诺福韦酯合成工艺的改进方法,对反应路线、反应试剂和条件、后处理及纯化进行了改进优化,提高了产品的收率和纯度,简化了工艺操作,降低了生产成本,后处理方便,具有较高的实用性。
本发明提供了一种正十六烷氧丙基替诺福韦酯合成工艺的改进方法,合成路线如下:
一种正十六烷氧丙基替诺福韦酯合成工艺的改进方法,按照下述步骤进行:
(1)正十六烷基溴(2)与1,3-丙二醇(3)溶于非质子溶剂中,在碱性条件下,取代反应制得3-正十六烷氧基丙醇(4);
(2)(R)-9-[2-(磷酸甲氧基)丙基]腺嘌呤(5)在无水溶剂中,与一定比例的卤化剂反应制得(R)-9-[2-(二氯膦酸甲氧)丙基]腺嘌呤(6);
(3)(R)-9-[2-(二氯膦酸甲氧)丙基]腺嘌呤(6)在无水溶剂中,在碱性条件下,与3-正十六烷氧基丙醇(4)反应制得(R)-9-{2-{[二(正十六烷氧丙基)]膦酸甲氧}丙基}腺嘌呤(7);
(4)(R)-9-{2-{[二(正十六烷氧丙基)]膦酸甲氧}丙基}腺嘌呤(7)水解制得(R)-9-{2-[(正十六烷氧丙基)膦酸甲氧]丙基}腺嘌呤(1)粗品;
(5)(R)-9-{2-[(正十六烷氧丙基)膦酸甲氧]丙基}腺嘌呤(1)粗品经重结晶得到正十六烷氧丙基替诺福韦酯(1)。
所述步骤(2)中的卤化剂选自氯化亚砜、草酰氯、三氯化磷、五氯化磷、三光气、三氯氧磷、NCS,本发明优选为氯化亚砜;((R)-1-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)丙烷-2-基氧基)甲基膦酸(7)与氯化亚砜的摩尔量比为1∶1~2。
所述步骤(2)中的无水溶剂选自丙酮、丁酮、四氢呋喃、1,4-二氧六环、二氯甲烷、甲苯、氯仿、乙腈、乙酸乙酯、乙酸正丁酯、DMSO、三乙胺、吡啶、正己烷、环己烷、石油醚、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺的一种或多种,本发明优选为乙腈;(R)-9-[2-(磷酸甲氧基)丙基]-腺嘌呤(5)与溶剂的质量体积比为1∶5~20。
所述步骤(3)中的无水溶剂选自丙酮、丁酮、四氢呋喃、1,4-二氧六环、二氯甲烷、甲苯、氯仿、乙腈、乙酸乙酯、乙酸正丁酯、DMSO、三乙胺、吡啶、正己烷、环己烷、石油醚、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺的一种或多种,本发明优选为二氯甲烷。
所述步骤(3)中的碱性条件所用碱选自碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸铯、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂、甲醇钠、乙醇钠、氢化钠、三乙胺、吡啶、4-二甲基吡啶、咪唑、N,N-二异丙基乙胺的一种或多种,本发明优选为三乙胺;所述碱的用量为(R)-9-{2-{[二(正十六烷氧丙基)]膦酸甲氧}丙基}腺嘌呤(7)的1~3倍当量。
所述步骤(3)中反应温度范围为-25℃~75℃,本发明优选为-5℃~10℃。
所述步骤(3)中(R)-9-[2-(二氯膦酸甲氧)丙基]腺嘌呤(6)与3-正十六烷氧基丙醇(4)的摩尔量比为1∶2~2.5。
所述步骤(4)中,(R)-9-{2-{[二(正十六烷氧丙基)]膦酸甲氧}丙基}腺嘌呤(7)在碱性条件下水解,所述碱选自氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、甲醇钠、乙醇钠、碳酸钙、碳酸铯、氢化钠的一种或多种,本发明优选为氢氧化钠;(R)-9-{2-{[二(正十六烷氧丙基)]膦酸甲氧}丙基}腺嘌呤(7)与0.5%~5%(m/v)氢氧化钠水溶液的质量体积比为1∶5~10。
所述步骤(4)中,反应温度范围为0℃~100℃,反应时间为10h~12h,后处理调节pH值至1~4。
所述步骤(5)中,将步骤(4)所得粗品采用重结晶进行纯化,重结晶溶剂选自甲醇、乙醇、乙腈、丙酮的一种或多种,本发明优选为甲醇。
相比于现有技术,本发明对正十六烷氧丙基替诺福韦酯的改进克服了诸多不足,总收率约为62%,纯度大于99%。其主要优点是物料易得、操作简便、成本较低,有利于工业化生产。
具体实施方案
以具体实施例对本发明进行详细描述。本发明的保护范围并不以具体实施方式为限,而是由权利要求加以限定。
实施例1: 3-正十六烷氧基丙醇(4)的制备
在1000ml圆底烧瓶中,加入正十六烷基溴(2)97.5g(0.32mol,1eq)、1,3-丙二醇(3)73.5g(0.96mol,3eq)、DMSO 200ml、DMF 200ml和氢氧化钾72g(1.28mol,4eq),室温搅拌16h。反应完毕,向反应液中加入水500ml,然后用5M的盐酸溶液调pH值至中性,用乙酸乙酯萃取(500ml×2),合并有机层,有机层用饱和食盐水洗涤(500ml×2),收集有机相,用10g无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩得黄色固体102g,石油醚重结晶得类白色片状晶体85g,收率88.4%。
实施例2:(R)-9-[2-(二氯膦酸甲氧)丙基]腺嘌呤(6)的制备
(R)-9-[2-(磷酸甲氧基)丙基]腺嘌呤(5)2.87g(10mmol,1eq)、干燥的乙腈30ml、氯化亚砜2.38g(20mmol,2eq)、DMF 1d,加热回流30min。反应完毕,将反应液降温至50℃,减压浓缩,保留待用。
实施例3:(R)-9-{2-{[二(正十六烷氧丙基)]膦酸甲氧}丙基}腺嘌呤(7)的制备
在上述保留待用的酰氯(6)中加入干燥的二氯甲烷10ml、三乙胺3.0g(30mmol,3eq),搅拌下降温至0℃,然后缓慢滴加由3-正十六烷氧基丙醇(4)6.0g(20mmol,2eq)与二氯甲烷10ml制成的溶液,继续反应30min,然后室温搅拌过夜。反应完毕,向反应液加入水50ml,静置、分液,有机层用饱和碳酸氢钠洗涤(20ml×2),无水硫酸钠干燥,40℃下减压浓缩得到7.3g白色固体,收率85.7%。
实施例4:(R)-9-{2-[(正十六烷氧丙基)膦酸甲氧]丙基}腺嘌呤(1)粗品的制备
(R)-9-{2-{[二(正十六烷氧丙基)]膦酸甲氧}丙基}腺嘌呤(7)5.0g(5.9mmol,1eq)加入1%的氢氧化钠溶液30ml中,40℃下搅拌12h,然后用1%的盐酸溶液调pH值至2,析出大量固体,抽滤、干燥得到2.8g白色固体,收率83.3%。
实施例5:(R)-9-{2-[(正十六烷氧丙基)膦酸甲氧]丙基}腺嘌呤(1)纯品的制备
将上述CMX-157粗品2.4g加入至甲醇20ml中,加热回流30min,过滤,冷却到0℃搅拌2h。抽滤,固体用冷甲醇5ml溶液洗涤,收集固体,40℃真空干燥得到类白色固体2.1g,收率87.5%,纯度99.3%。
其结构鉴定数据如下:1HNMR(DMSO)δ(ppm):0.834-0.861(t,3H),1.017-1.029(d,3H),1.212-1.227(m,26H),1.416-1.428(m,2H),1.687-1.712(m,2H),3.266-3.354(m,4H),3.571-3.647(m,2H),3.821-3.912(m,3H),4.138-4.256(m,2H),7.162(brs,2H),8.125(s,2H).
MS:570.3[M+H]+。
Claims (10)
1.一种正十六烷氧丙基替诺福韦酯(1)合成工艺的改进方法,其特征在于按照下述步骤进行:
(1)(R)-9-[2-(磷酸甲氧基)丙基]腺嘌呤(5)在无水溶剂中,与一定比例的卤化剂反应制得(R)-9-[2-(二氯膦酸甲氧)丙基]腺嘌呤(6);
(2)(R)-9-[2-(二氯膦酸甲氧)丙基]腺嘌呤(6)在无水溶剂中,在碱性条件下,与3-正十六烷氧基丙醇(4)反应制得(R)-9-{2-{[二(正十六烷氧丙基)]膦酸甲氧}丙基}腺嘌呤(7);
(3)(R)-9-{2-{[二(正十六烷氧丙基)]膦酸甲氧}丙基}腺嘌呤(7)水解制得(R)-9-{2-[(正十六烷氧丙基)膦酸甲氧]丙基}腺嘌呤(1)粗品;
(4)(R)-9-{2-[(正十六烷氧丙基)膦酸甲氧]丙基}腺嘌呤(1)粗品经重结晶得到正十六烷氧丙基替诺福韦酯(1)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种正十六烷氧丙基替诺福韦酯的改进方法,其特征在于:在步骤(1)中,所述的卤化剂,选自氯化亚砜、草酰氯、三氯化磷、五氯化磷、三光气、三氯氧磷、NCS,本发明优选为氯化亚砜;(R)-9-[2-(磷酸甲氧基)丙基]腺嘌呤(5)与氯化亚砜的摩尔量比为1∶1~2。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种正十六烷氧丙基替诺福韦酯的改进方法,其特征在于:在步骤(1)中,所述的无水溶剂,选自丙酮、丁酮、四氢呋喃、1,4-二氧六环、二氯甲烷、甲苯、氯仿、乙腈、乙酸乙酯、乙酸正丁酯、DMSO、三乙胺、吡啶、正己烷、环己烷、石油醚、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺的一种或多种,本发明优选为乙腈;(R)-9-[2-(磷酸甲氧基)丙基]腺嘌呤(5)与溶剂的质量体积比为1∶5~20。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种正十六烷氧丙基替诺福韦酯的改进方法,其特征在于:在步骤(2)中,所述的无水溶剂,选自丙酮、丁酮、四氢呋喃、1,4-二氧六环、二氯甲烷、甲苯、氯仿、乙腈、乙酸乙酯、乙酸正丁酯、DMSO、三乙胺、吡啶、正己烷、环己烷、石油醚、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺的一种或多种,本发明优选为二氯甲烷。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种正十六烷氧丙基替诺福韦酯的改进方法,其特征在于:在步骤(2)中,所述的碱性条件,所用碱选自碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸铯、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂、甲醇钠、乙醇钠、氢化钠、三乙胺、吡啶、4-二甲基吡啶、咪唑、N,N-二异丙基乙胺的一种或多种,本发明优选为三乙胺;所述碱的用量为(R)-9-[2-(二氯膦酸甲氧)丙基]腺嘌呤(6)的1~3倍当量。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种正十六烷氧丙基替诺福韦酯的改进方法,其特征在于:在步骤(2)中,反应温度范围为-25℃~75℃,本发明优选为-5℃~10℃。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种正十六烷氧丙基替诺福韦酯的改进方法,其特征在于:在步骤(2)中,(R)-9-[2-(二氯膦酸甲氧)丙基]腺嘌呤(6)与3-正十六烷氧基丙醇(4)的摩尔量比为1∶2~2.5。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种正十六烷氧丙基替诺福韦酯的改进方法,其特征在于:在步骤(3)中,(R)-9-{2-{[二(正十六烷氧丙基)]膦酸甲氧}丙基}腺嘌呤(7)在碱性条件下水解,所述碱选自氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、甲醇钠、乙醇钠、碳酸钙、碳酸铯、氢化钠的一种或多种,本发明优选为氢氧化钠;(R)-9-{2-{[二(正十六烷氧丙基)]膦酸甲氧}丙基}腺嘌呤(7)与0.5%~5%(m/v)氢氧化钠水溶液的质量体积比为1∶5~10。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种正十六烷氧丙基替诺福韦酯的改进方法,其特征在于:在步骤(3)中,反应温度范围为0℃~100℃,反应时间为10h~12h,后处理调节pH值至1~4。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种正十六烷氧丙基替诺福韦酯的改进方法,其特征在于:在步骤(4)中,将步骤(3)所得粗品采用重结晶进行纯化,重结晶溶剂选自甲醇、乙醇、乙腈、丙酮的一种或多种,本发明优选为甲醇。
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