CN107935557A - 一种瓷绝缘子及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种瓷绝缘子及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107935557A
CN107935557A CN201711332871.3A CN201711332871A CN107935557A CN 107935557 A CN107935557 A CN 107935557A CN 201711332871 A CN201711332871 A CN 201711332871A CN 107935557 A CN107935557 A CN 107935557A
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porcelain insulator
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CN107935557B (zh
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梁旖旎
刘绮
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Jiangxi Gao Qinag Ceramic Industor Group Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种瓷绝缘子及其制备方法，属于瓷绝缘子领域，包括如下质量份数的成分：生胶1～5份、阻燃剂0.5～1份、结构控制剂0.05～0.1份、硫化剂0.01～0.05份、陶瓷粉50～70份，所述生胶为粘度在2万～3万mPa˙s之间的聚氨酯‑甲基乙烯基硅橡胶共聚物或者聚氨酯‑二甲基二苯基硅橡胶共聚物，其中所述聚氨酯的摩尔含量在2％～5％、所述乙烯基或者所述苯基的摩尔含量在0.10％～0.12％；所述陶瓷粉为Al‑Mg‑Ca‑Si四元陶瓷和氟碳铈矿混合粉末，所述氟碳铈矿的质量占所述陶瓷粉的总质量的0.5％～1％，所述氟碳铈矿中稀土氧化物的质量百分数为30％～60％。本发明公开的瓷绝缘子及其制备方法，机械荷载至少增加7KN，拉伸强度至少增加24MPa，弯曲强度至少增加30MPa。

Description

一种瓷绝缘子及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及瓷绝缘子领域，更具体的，涉及一种瓷绝缘子及其制备方法。
背景技术
绝缘子是一种主要用于支承架空输电线路导线并使之绝缘的器件，瓷绝缘子因其良好的绝缘性以及高可靠性被广泛应用。但是市场上现有的瓷绝缘子韧性低，抗弯强度差，导致瓷绝缘子易脆、稳定性低、机械性能低。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的缺陷，本发明公开了一种机械荷载能力强，韧性好的瓷绝缘子以及制备该瓷绝缘子的制备方法。
为达此目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
本发明提供了一种瓷绝缘子及其制备方法，包括如下质量份数的成分：生胶1～5份、阻燃剂0.5～1份、结构控制剂0.05～0.1份、硫化剂0.01～0.05份、陶瓷粉50～70份；所述生胶为粘度在2万～3万mPa˙s之间的聚氨酯-甲基乙烯基硅橡胶共聚物或者聚氨酯-二甲基二苯基硅橡胶共聚物，其中所述聚氨酯的摩尔含量在2％～5％、所述乙烯基或者所述苯基的摩尔含量在0.10％～0.12％；所述陶瓷粉为Al-Mg-Ca-Si四元陶瓷和氟碳铈矿混合粉末，所述Al-Mg-Ca-Si四元陶瓷中各氧化物质量占比分别为Al2O3 45％～53％、MgO 2％～3％、CaO 2％～5％、SiO2 40％～50％，所述氟碳铈矿的质量占所述陶瓷粉的总质量的0.5％～1％，所述氟碳铈矿中稀土氧化物的质量百分数为30％～60％。
在本发明较佳的技术方案中，所述阻燃剂为氢氧化铝微粉或者三氧化二锑微粉。
在本发明较佳的技术方案中，所述结构控制剂为羟基硅油或者二苯基硅二醇。
在本发明较佳的技术方案中，所述硫化剂为2,5-二甲基-2,5-二叔丁基过氧化已烷或者2,5-二氯-3,6-二甲基对苯醌。
在本发明较佳的技术方案中，所述电瓷绝缘子成分还包括补强材料，所述补强材料的质量分数为0.2～0.5份。
在本发明较佳的技术方案中，所述电瓷绝缘子成分还包括着色剂，所述着色剂的质量分数为0.01～0.5份。
在本发明较佳的技术方案中，瓷绝缘子的制备方法按照如下步骤进行：取所述组分经过混匀、干燥、挤压成型、上釉、焙烧、后处理步骤，得到所述瓷绝缘子。
在本发明较佳的技术方案中，所述挤压成型步骤中，所述压模机压力控制在0.8～1.2t/cm3。
在本发明较佳的技术方案中，在所述上釉步骤中，采用喷淋法上釉，所述上釉的釉料厚度为0.5～1.3mm。
在本发明较佳的技术方案中，所述釉料包括以下质量份数的组分：滑石5～10份、石英5～10份、氧化铝8～12份、氮化硼3～5份。
本发明的有益效果为：
本发明提供的瓷绝缘子及其制备方法，制备出来的瓷绝缘子具有机械荷载能力强，韧性好的特性，具体体现在：相对于对比实施例，机械荷载至少可增加7KN，拉伸强度至少增加24MPa，弯曲强度至少增加30MPa。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。
实施例1本发明提供的瓷绝缘子，包括如下质量份数的成分：生胶(聚氨酯-甲基乙烯基硅橡胶共聚物，粘度25890mPa˙s，所述聚氨酯的摩尔含量为2％、所述乙烯基的摩尔含量为0.10％)1份、阻燃剂(氢氧化铝微粉)0.5份、结构控制剂(羟基硅油)0.05份、硫化剂(2,5-二甲基-2,5-二叔丁基过氧化已烷)0.01份、陶瓷粉50份；所述陶瓷粉为Al-Mg-Ca-Si四元陶瓷和氟碳铈矿混合粉末，所述Al-Mg-Ca-Si四元陶瓷中各氧化物质量占比分别为Al2O345％、MgO 3％、CaO 2％、SiO2 50％，所述氟碳铈矿的质量占所述陶瓷粉的总质量的0.5％，所述氟碳铈矿中稀土氧化物的质量百分数为30％，经检测所述氟碳铈矿中的主要成份的质量占比为Ce[PO4]47％、La[PO4]34％、Nd[PO4]3％，余量为S、Fe、Ca、O、H等构成的氧化物杂质。
实施例2本发明提供了一种瓷绝缘子及其制备方法，包括如下质量份数的成分：生胶(聚氨酯-二甲基二苯基硅橡胶共聚物，粘度23850mPa˙s，所述聚氨酯的摩尔含量为3％、所述乙烯基的摩尔含量为0.11％)2份、阻燃剂(三氧化二锑微粉)0.8份、结构控制剂(二苯基硅二醇)0.08份、硫化剂(2,5-二氯-3,6-二甲基对苯醌)0.03份、陶瓷粉60份；所述陶瓷粉为Al-Mg-Ca-Si四元陶瓷和氟碳铈矿混合粉末，所述Al-Mg-Ca-Si四元陶瓷中各氧化物质量占比分别为Al2O3 48％、MgO 2.5％、CaO 4.5％、SiO2 45％，所述氟碳铈矿的质量占所述陶瓷粉的总质量的0.8％，所述氟碳铈矿中稀土氧化物的质量百分数为45％，经检测所述氟碳铈矿中的主要成份的质量占比为Ce[PO4]47％、La[PO4]34％、Nd[PO4]3％，余量为S、Fe、Ca、O、H等杂质构成的氧化物。
实施例3本发明提供了一种瓷绝缘子及其制备方法，包括如下质量份数的成分：生胶(聚氨酯-甲基乙烯基硅橡胶共聚物，粘度25890mPa˙s，所述聚氨酯的摩尔含量为5％、所述乙烯基的摩尔含量为0.12％)5份、阻燃剂(氢氧化铝微粉)1份、结构控制剂(羟基硅油)0.1份、硫化剂(2,5-二氯-3,6-二甲基对苯醌)0.05份、陶瓷粉70份；所述陶瓷粉为Al-Mg-Ca-Si四元陶瓷和氟碳铈矿混合粉末，所述Al-Mg-Ca-Si四元陶瓷中各氧化物质量占比分别为Al2O3 53％、MgO 2％％、CaO 5％、SiO2 40％，所述氟碳铈矿的质量占所述陶瓷粉的总质量的1％，所述氟碳铈矿中稀土氧化物的质量百分数为60％，经检测所述氟碳铈矿中的主要成份的质量占比为Ce[PO4]47％、La[PO4]34％、Nd[PO4]3％，余量为S、Fe、Ca、O、H等构成的氧化物杂质。
实施例4除添加补强材料(气相白炭黑)0.2份、着色剂(氧化钴和氧化亚钴)0.01份外，其他的均与实施例1相同。
实施例5除添加补强材料(气相白炭黑)0.3份、着色剂(氧化铬)0.2份外，其他的均与实施例1相同。
实施例6除添加补强材料(气相白炭黑)0.5份、着色剂(二氧化锰)0.5份外，其他的均与实施例1相同。
对比实施例本发明提供了一种瓷绝缘子及其制备方法，包括如下质量份数的成分：阻燃剂(氢氧化铝微粉)0.5份、硫化剂(2,5-二甲基-2,5-二叔丁基过氧化已烷)0.01份、陶瓷粉50份；所述陶瓷粉为Al-Mg-Ca-Si四元陶瓷，所述Al-Mg-Ca-Si四元陶瓷中各氧化物质量占比分别为Al2O3 45％、MgO 3％、CaO 2％、SiO2 50％。
实施例7分别取实施例1至实施例6，以及对比实施例中的瓷绝缘子的组分，制备方法按照如下步骤进行：取各实施例中相应组分及相应的质量份数置于球磨机中，加入分散剂水进行球磨混匀，球磨时间20h，分散剂占相应组分质量的20％，将所述分散剂均分成3份分次加入，每次间隔时间不短于4h，且每3h进行一次排气操作；将完成球磨后的物料转移至蒸汽干燥箱中进行干燥，干燥温度180℃，干燥时间5h；将上述完成干燥的物料置于预烧炉中进行预烧，预烧最高温度1050℃，预烧时间不少于5h；然后将预烧预料置于氢碎机中进行氢碎，至粒度不超过1.5微米；将氢碎后的物料转移至挤出机中进行挤出成型，挤出温度420℃；待挤出成型样品自然冷却至100℃以下，即对成型样品使用浸釉法进行上釉，上釉厚度1mm；将上釉样品置于烧结炉中进行烧结，烧结温度按照阶段性程序升温保温的方式进行，至温度1250℃时，保温2h，最终烧结温度为1600℃，待烧结样品冷却后进行按照常规方式进行后处理。
分别取实施例7中制得的瓷绝缘子进行性能测试，具体数据如下表：
项目 机械荷载/KN 拉伸强度/MPa 弯曲强度/MPa
实施例1 25 92 205
实施例2 30 106 215
实施例3 36 110 232
实施例4 27 96 209
实施例5 29 99 216
实施例6 32 108 225
对比实施例 18 68 170
注：上表的机械荷载、拉伸强度和弯曲强度的测试方法使用JB 5890进行测试。
从表中可以看出，利用本发明中的配方制备出来的瓷绝缘子相对于对比实施例有更优异的性能，机械荷载至少可增加7KN，拉伸强度至少增加24MPa，弯曲强度至少增加30MPa。
本发明是通过优选实施例进行描述的，本领域技术人员知悉，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，可以对这些特征和实施例进行各种改变或等效替换。本发明不受此处所公开的具体实施例的限制，其他落入本申请的权利要求内的实施例都属于本发明保护的范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种瓷绝缘子，其特征在于，包括如下质量份数的成分：生胶1～5份、阻燃剂0.5～1份、结构控制剂0.05～0.1份、硫化剂0.01～0.05份、陶瓷粉50～70份；所述生胶为粘度在2万～3万mPa˙s之间的聚氨酯-甲基乙烯基硅橡胶共聚物或者聚氨酯-二甲基二苯基硅橡胶共聚物，其中所述聚氨酯的摩尔含量在2％～5％、所述乙烯基或者所述苯基的摩尔含量在0.10％～0.12％；所述陶瓷粉为Al-Mg-Ca-Si四元陶瓷和氟碳铈矿混合粉末，所述Al-Mg-Ca-Si四元陶瓷中各氧化物质量占比分别为Al2O3 45％～53％、MgO 2％～3％、CaO 2％～5％、SiO2 40％～50％，所述氟碳铈矿的质量占所述陶瓷粉的总质量的0.5％～1％，所述氟碳铈矿中稀土氧化物的质量百分数为30％～60％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的瓷绝缘子，其特征在于：所述阻燃剂为氢氧化铝微粉或者三氧化二锑微粉。
3.根据权利要求1所述的瓷绝缘子，其特征在于：所述结构控制剂为羟基硅油或者二苯基硅二醇。
4.根据权利要求1所述的瓷绝缘子，其特征在于：所述硫化剂为2,5-二甲基-2,5-二叔丁基过氧化已烷或者2,5-二氯-3,6-二甲基对苯醌。
5.根据权利要求1所述的瓷绝缘子，其特征在于：所述电瓷绝缘子成分还包括补强材料，所述补强材料的质量分数为0.2～0.5份。
6.根据权利要求1所述的瓷绝缘子，其特征在于：所述电瓷绝缘子成分还包括着色剂，所述着色剂的质量分数为0.01～0.5份。
7.一种用于权利要求1至6任一项所述的瓷绝缘子的制备方法，其特征在于，按照如下步骤进行：
取所述组分经过混匀、干燥、挤压成型、上釉、焙烧、后处理步骤，得到所述瓷绝缘子。
8.根据权利要求7所述的瓷绝缘子制备方法，其特征在于：所述挤压成型步骤中，所述压模机压力控制在0.8～1.2t/cm3。
9.根据权利要求7所述的瓷绝缘子制备方法，其特征在于：在所述上釉步骤中，采用喷淋法上釉，所述上釉的釉料厚度为0.5～1.3mm。
10.根据权利要求9所述的瓷绝缘子制备方法，其特征在于，所述釉料包括以下质量份数的组分：滑石5～10份、石英5～10份、氧化铝8～12份、氮化硼3～5份。
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