CN107311675B - 一种由工业副产品铝铬渣制备的透气砖及其制作方法 - Google Patents

一种由工业副产品铝铬渣制备的透气砖及其制作方法 Download PDF

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CN107311675B
CN107311675B CN201710565235.9A CN201710565235A CN107311675B CN 107311675 B CN107311675 B CN 107311675B CN 201710565235 A CN201710565235 A CN 201710565235A CN 107311675 B CN107311675 B CN 107311675B
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chromium slag
aluminium chromium
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梁永和
张小旭
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Luoyang Xuan Shi New Mstar Technology Ltd
Wuhan University of Science and Engineering WUSE
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Abstract

一种由工业副产品铝铬渣制备的透气砖及其制作方法，以冶炼金属铬所产生的副产品铝铬渣为原料，根据铝铬渣的组成及性能特点，合理的与其他耐火原料相搭配，控制了浇注料的需水量和流变性能，制作出耐冲刷、抗侵蚀、抗剥落性能良好的透气砖产品，相比之下，本发明将工业副产品铝铬渣成功应用于技术要求较高的透气砖产品领域，一方面实现了变废为宝、循环再利用的意义，另一方面拓宽了铝铬渣的应用范围。

Description

一种由工业副产品铝铬渣制备的透气砖及其制作方法
技术领域
本发明涉及钢铁冶金炉外精炼底吹氩系统，特别是涉及由工业副产品制成的透气砖。
背景技术
近年来我国工业发展迅猛，伴随着经济高速发展的是产生了大量的工业固体废弃物，对自然环境造成相当大的影响，而综合利用是工业固体废弃物主要的处理方式。铝铬渣是铝热法冶炼金属铬所产生的的副产品，其主要成分是氧化铝和氧化铬，同时还有大量的硅、钠、钙等元素，铝铬渣如果处置不当，其中的铬元素会对环境造成长久的不可逆破坏。
透气砖包括透气芯和透气座砖两部分，是钢铁行业炉外精炼的关键所在，其作用是通过向钢包内供给氩气来搅拌钢水，实现精炼的目的。因此透气砖是技术、质量要求非常高的功能部件，如果制作不当，会造成钢水泄漏等灾难性事故，当前透气砖材料的主要原料基本上是刚玉、尖晶石、氧化铬、纯铝酸钙水泥等高品质原料。
专利“201610812898.1”是用铝铬渣合成莫来石原料，专利“201410842687.3”是用铝铬渣制备钢包砖，专利“201610844784.5”是用铝铬渣制作电炉炉盖，专利“201510029357.7”是用铝铬渣制作水泥窑衬里材料专利“201210338079.X”是以铝铬渣制备滑板。以铝铬渣为原料的精炼钢包用透气砖的技术和产品还未见报道。
发明内容
为拓宽铝铬渣在耐火材料较高技术邻域的应用及构建节约型社会，本发明采用一系列的技术手段，实现了以铝铬渣为原料制备透气砖，而且相关性能指标和所制产品使用效果与常规产品相当，甚至部分指标略有提高，铝铬渣作为工业副产品，具有易得、廉价等特点，更重要的是本发明实现了工业副产品铝铬渣在耐火材料较高技术领域透气砖中的循环利用，具有鲜明的现实意义。
为达到上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案是：
1，本发明所用铝铬渣指标如下：
项目 SiO<sub>2</sub> Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>+Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> CaO MgO Na<sub>2</sub>O
含量％ ≤0.5 ≥90 ≤0.5 ≤2.5 ≤1.0 ≤1.2
2，透气芯浇注料中，铝铬渣重量比例为3％-70％，透气芯材料中基质部分重量比例为26％-35％，基质原料组成为纯铝酸钙水泥占透气芯总重量的比例为2％-5％，氧化铝微粉占透气芯总重量的比例为1％-5％，刚玉粉占透气芯总重量比例为0％-30％，尖晶石粉占透气芯总重量的比例为0％-20％，氧化铬粉占透气芯总重量的比例为0％-5％，氧化锆粉占透气芯总重量的比例为0％-3％，外加复合高效减水剂0.01％-0.5％，浇注成型加水量范围为3.5％-4.2％。
3，铝铬渣选择粒度规格分布在0mm-8mm范围之内的任意规格状态，以细粉形式加入也可以以骨料形式加入。
4，透气芯的制作方法为：
按比例配料；预混合；加水搅拌；振动成型；养护；干燥；500℃-1600℃烧成；包金属外壳。
5，透气座砖浇注料中，铝铬渣重量比例为3％-92％，透气座砖材料中基质部分重量比例为26％-35％，基质原料组成为纯铝酸钙水泥占座砖总重量的比例为3％-8％，氧化铝微粉占座砖总重量的比例为1％-5％，刚玉粉占座砖总重量比例为0％-30％，尖晶石粉占座砖总重量的比例为0％-20％，氧化铬粉占座砖总重量的比例为0％-5％，氧化锆粉占座砖总重量的比例为0％-3％，外加高效复合减水剂0.01％-0.5％，浇注成型加水量范围为3.5％-4.5％。
6，铝铬渣选择粒度规格分布在0mm-20mm范围之内的任意规格状态，以细粉形式加入也可以以骨料形式加入。
7，透气座砖的制作方法为：
按比例配料；预混合；加水搅拌；振动成型；养护；干燥。
本发明的有益效果是：根据铝铬渣的组成及性能特点，合理的与其他耐火原料相搭配，选择合适的外加剂，巧妙的控制了浇注料的流变性能，制作出耐冲刷、抗侵蚀、抗剥落性能良好的透气砖产品，相比之下，本发明将工业副产品铝铬渣成功应用于技术要求较高的透气砖产品领域，一方面实现了变废为宝、循环再利用的意义，另一方面拓宽了铝铬渣的应用范围。
附图说明：
图1：铝铬渣SEM图；
图2：含50％铝铬渣的透气芯材料SEM图；
图3：含50％铝铬渣透气芯材料抗渣图。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明进行详细举例说明：
1，透气芯原料配比如下：
1.1，按上表中任一配方备料；
1.2，将细粉共磨1h，使其充分混合；
1.3，将混合均匀的细粉与骨料混合充分；
1.4，将上述预混料加入相应重量的水，在强制搅拌机中搅拌均匀；
1.5，将搅拌均匀的泥料经振动成型；
1.6，在温度为60℃、相对湿度为75％的环境中养护；
1.7，养护完毕后拆模具并按照一定干燥制度经150℃干燥48h；
1.8，将干燥后的坯体按一定烧成制度经1600℃高温烧成；
1.9，烧制完毕的坯体经过包焊金属外壳后完成制作。
2，透气座砖原料配比如下：
2.1，按上表中任一配方备料；
2.2，将细粉共磨1h，使其充分混合；
2.3，将混合均匀的细粉与骨料混合充分；
2.4，将上述预混料加入相应重量的水，在强制搅拌机中搅拌均匀；
2.5，将搅拌均匀的泥料经振动成型；
2.6，在温度为60℃、相对湿度为75％的环境中养护；
2.7，养护完毕后拆模具病按照一定干燥制度经200℃干燥72h。

Claims (6)

1.一种由工业副产品铝铬渣制备的透气砖，其特征是：透气芯浇注料的原料配比为：0-0.045mm粒度的铝铬渣为10wt％，0-0.088mm粒度的铝铬渣为10wt％；0-1mm粒度的板状刚玉为18wt％，1-3mm粒度的板状刚玉为24wt％，3-5mm粒度的板状刚玉为26wt％，5-8mm粒度的板状刚玉为5wt％；纯铝酸钙水泥微粉为4wt％，α氧化铝微粉为3wt％；外加减水剂ADS为0.3wt％，外加减水剂ADW为0.1wt％，浇注成型加水量为4.1wt％，水为外加。
2.一种由工业副产品铝铬渣制备的透气砖，其特征是：透气芯浇注料的原料配比为：0-0.045mm粒度的铝铬渣为10wt％，0-0.088mm粒度的铝铬渣为10wt％；0-0.045mm粒度的板状刚玉为1wt％，0-1mm粒度的板状刚玉为18wt％；0-0.045mm粒度的白刚玉为1wt％，1-3mm粒度的白刚玉为24wt％，3-5mm粒度的白刚玉为26wt％，5-8mm粒度的白刚玉为5wt％；纯铝酸钙水泥微粉为2wt％，α氧化铝微粉为3wt％；外加减水剂FS10为0.1wt％，浇注成型加水量为3.6wt％，水为外加。
3.一种由工业副产品铝铬渣制备的透气砖，其特征是：透气芯浇注料的原料配比为：0-0.045mm粒度的铝铬渣为20wt％，0.5-5mm粒度的铝铬渣为50wt％；0-1mm粒度的板状刚玉为5wt％；1-3mm粒度的白刚玉为5wt％，3-5mm粒度的白刚玉为6wt％；纯铝酸钙水泥微粉为3wt％，α氧化铝微粉为1wt％，0-0.045mm粒度的尖晶石为10wt％；外加减水剂FS10为0.11wt％，浇注成型加水量为3.8wt％，水为外加。
4.一种由工业副产品铝铬渣制备的透气砖，其特征是：透气座砖浇注料的原料配比为：0-0.045mm粒度的铝铬渣为10wt％，0-0.088mm粒度的铝铬渣为10wt％；0-1mm粒度的板状刚玉为15wt％，1-3mm粒度的板状刚玉为18wt％，3-5mm粒度的板状刚玉为20wt％，5-20mm粒度的板状刚玉为20wt％；纯铝酸钙水泥微粉为4wt％，α氧化铝微粉为3wt％；外加减水剂ADS为0.3wt％，外加减水剂ADW为0.1wt％，浇注成型加水量为4wt％，水为外加。
5.一种由工业副产品铝铬渣制备的透气砖，其特征是：透气座砖浇注料的原料配比为：0-0.045mm粒度的铝铬渣为20wt％，1-8mm粒度的铝铬渣为40wt％；0-1mm粒度的板状刚玉为5wt％，1-3mm粒度的白刚玉为5wt％，5-20mm粒度的白刚玉为16wt％；纯铝酸钙水泥微粉为3wt％，α氧化铝微粉为1wt％，0-0.045mm粒度的尖晶石为10wt％；外加减水剂FS10为0.2wt％，浇注成型加水量为4.3wt％，水为外加。
6.根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的一种由工业副产品铝铬渣制备的透气砖，其特征是：铝铬渣的化学重量组成为：SiO2≤0.5％，Al2O3+Cr2O3≥90％，Fe2O3≤0.5％，CaO≤2.5％，MgO≤1.0％，Na2O≤1.2％。
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