CN114044690A - 一种钢包透气砖及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 31
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title abstract description 31
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 titanium-aluminum-chromium Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种钢包透气砖及其制备方法，钢包透气砖的制备原料如下：50～70wt％的矾渣颗粒、以3～10wt％的烧结90铝镁缺陷尖晶石细颗粒、3～8wt％的热压烧结碳氮化物细颗粒为骨料，以3～10wt％的活性α‑Al2O3微粉、以1～3wt％的水合氧化铝微粉、以5～8wt％的烧结90铝镁缺陷尖晶石微粉，以0.5～1.5wt％的纯鋁酸钙水泥，以5～10wt％的碳氮化物预处理复合微粉为基质，以0.05～0.5wt％的尿素，以0.5～1.0wt％的合金粉末，以0.02～0.2wt％的热震稳定剂、3～5wt％的液体减水剂为外加剂；本发明的有益效果是，所制备的透气砖具有强度高、高热震稳定性、耐钢水冲刷、抗钢渣的渗透和侵蚀性优异，耐烧损、可免反清洗、使用寿命长的特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及钢铁行业钢包内衬耐火材料领域，特别是一种钢包透气砖及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着钢铁行业特种冶金及二次精炼的发展，为达到快速的均化钢水温度、合金化、脱除杂质，提高钢材质量，钢铁行业对钢包内底吹功能件透气砖的要求和期待越来越高，钢包透气砖作为钢水炉外精炼工艺中的关键功能耐火材料，其使用性能、寿命、底吹成功率及安全性能对炉外精炼的品质和钢包周转效率相当重要，随着品种钢需求的不断增长，炉外精炼比例增大，处理时间延长，透气砖应用区域的工况条件越加苛刻，透气砖的损毁主要由于高温下的钢水冲刷、自身的开裂或断裂，反清洗时的烧损造成，品种钢冶炼中，透气砖寿命波动大寿命低已成为限制钢包运行综合成本优化的瓶颈因素，目前透气砖主要采用铬刚玉/尖晶石体系或刚玉尖晶石体系，也有采用非氧化物体系的透气砖，但此前非氧化物体系透气砖存在抗氧化性差的问题，推广较少，且现阶段透气砖的吹氧反清洗操作频繁，吹氧反清洗一方面导致透气砖非工作熔损大，另一方面清洗燃烧带来的污染也较大。
发明内容
本发明旨在克服现有透气砖存在的技术缺陷，目的是提供一种热态强度高、热震稳定性好、耐冲刷、抗钢渣的渗透和侵蚀性优异，免清洗，使用寿命长的氧化物与非氧化物复合的钢包透气砖及其制备方法，不仅提高了透气砖自身的寿命，且同时将钢包的寿命和耐材吨钢消耗降低，并能减少吹氧反清洗带来的污染问题。
实现上述目的本发明的技术方案为，一种钢包透气砖及其制备方法，钢包透气砖的制备原料如下：50～70wt％的矾渣颗粒、以3～10wt％的烧结90铝镁缺陷尖晶石细颗粒、3～8wt％的热压烧结碳氮化物细颗粒为骨料，以3～10wt％的活性α-Al2O3微粉、以1～3wt％的水合氧化铝微粉、以5～8wt％的烧结90铝镁缺陷尖晶石微粉，以0.5～1.5wt％的纯鋁酸钙水泥，以5～10wt％的碳氮化物预处理复合微粉为基质，以0.05～0.5wt％的尿素，以0.5～1.0wt％的合金粉末，以0.02～0.2wt％的热震稳定剂、3～5wt％的液体减水剂为外加剂；
制备方法包括以下步骤：
步骤一：按含量将外加剂和细粉用强剪切混合机预混均化，形成预混料；
步骤二：将骨料先加入立轴行星式搅拌机中搅拌1分钟，然后加入预混料混合1～3分钟，将骨料先加入立轴行星式搅拌机中搅拌1分钟，然后加入预混料混合1～3分钟；
步骤三：再外加3～5wt％的液体减水剂进行搅拌，在模具中浇注振动成型；
步骤四：在养护房内40℃～50℃温度下养护8～24小时脱模；
步骤五：在室温下自然养护48～72小时；
步骤六：在200℃～300℃下保温6～12小时烘干；
步骤七：在1100℃～1250℃下保温8小时低温烧成。
作为本技术方案的进一步描述，所述矾渣颗粒的体积密度≥3.50g/cm3，其中氧化镁含量在8％～15％之间，五氧化二矾含量在2.5％～5.0％之间，氧化铝含量在75～85％，其粒径为6.36～0.1mm，该矾渣为电熔提纯矾冶炼产生的尾渣获得。
作为本技术方案的进一步描述，所述烧结碳氮化物的细颗粒为碳氮化钛、碳氮化钨、碳氮化硅中的一种或多种，其粒度为1～0.088mm。
作为本技术方案的进一步描述，所述烧结90铝镁缺陷尖晶石细颗粒的Al2O3含量为88～92wt％，MgO含量为6～10wt％，其粒径为1～0.088mm和2微米。
作为本技术方案的进一步描述，所述活性α-Al2O3微粉的Al2O3含量大于99wt％，其粒径D50为0.7～2μm。
作为本技术方案的进一步描述，所述尿素粒径为0.088～0.045mm。
作为本技术方案的进一步描述，所述碳氮化物预处理复合微粉为碳氮化钛、碳氮化钨、氮化硅、氮化硼、刚玉细粉一种或多种经在有机溶液中乳化均化、过滤、干燥并球磨后所得的预处理混合物，粒径≤0.044mm。
作为本技术方案的进一步描述，所述热震稳定剂粒径≤0.044mm。
作为本技术方案的进一步描述，所述合金粉末为铝硅合金、铝镁合金、钛铝铬合金中的一种或多种复合而成并加入催化剂和稳定剂，其粒径小于0.038mm，其在与水反应所产生的溶胶具有较强的结合能力，同时能对碳氮化物颗粒起到氧化保护作用。
其有益效果在于，本技术方案利用了矾冶炼的提纯尾渣，利用2300℃以上的高温下热压烧结制备了高致密度抗氧化的碳氮化物，采用有机溶剂均化沉淀技术制备了高度均化的碳氮化物预混合粉，采用热震稳定剂在砖体中形成了高度分散的纳米级微小不连续封闭气孔，提高了砖体的热震稳定性，采用合金粉末改善了抗氧化能力及提高了砖体的韧性和强度，采用矾渣与碳氮化合物复合制备透气砖，利用各类原料优秀的韧性、热态强度、导热快与熔渣不润湿性、高温玻璃相的高粘度以及抗烧蚀性优异，所制备的透气砖具有强度高、高热震稳定性、耐钢水冲刷、抗钢渣的渗透和侵蚀性优异，耐烧损、可免反清洗、使用寿命长的特点。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明进行具体描述，一种钢包透气砖及其制备方法，钢包透气砖的制备原料如下：50～70wt％的矾渣颗粒、以3～10wt％的烧结90铝镁缺陷尖晶石细颗粒、3～8wt％的热压烧结碳氮化物细颗粒为骨料，以3～10wt％的活性α-Al2O3微粉、以1～3wt％的水合氧化铝微粉、以5～8wt％的烧结90铝镁缺陷尖晶石微粉，以0.5～1.5wt％的纯鋁酸钙水泥，以5～10wt％的碳氮化物预处理复合微粉为基质，以0.05～0.5wt％的尿素，以0.5～1.0wt％的合金粉末，以0.02～0.2wt％的热震稳定剂、3～5wt％的液体减水剂为外加剂；
其中，矾渣颗粒的体积密度≥3.50g/cm3，其中氧化镁含量在8％～15％之间，五氧化二矾含量在2.5％～5.0％之间，氧化铝含量在75～85％，其粒径为6.36～0.1mm，该矾渣为电熔提纯矾冶炼产生的尾渣获得。
烧结碳氮化物的细颗粒为碳氮化钛、碳氮化钨、碳氮化硅中的一种或多种，其粒度为1～0.088mm。
烧结90铝镁缺陷尖晶石细颗粒的Al2O3含量为88～92wt％，MgO含量为6～10wt％，其粒径为1～0.088mm和2微米。
活性α-Al2O3微粉的Al2O3含量大于99wt％，其粒径D50为0.7～2μm。
尿素粒径为0.088～0.045mm。
碳氮化物预处理复合微粉为碳氮化钛、碳氮化钨、氮化硅、氮化硼、刚玉细粉一种或多种经在有机溶液中乳化均化、过滤、干燥并球磨后所得的预处理混合物，粒径≤0.044mm。
热震稳定剂粒径≤0.044mm。
合金粉末为铝硅合金、铝镁合金、钛铝铬合金中的一种或多种复合而成并加入催化剂和稳定剂，其粒径小于0.038mm，其在与水反应所产生的溶胶具有较强的结合能力，同时能对碳氮化物颗粒起到氧化保护作用。
制备方法包括以下步骤：
步骤一：按含量将外加剂和细粉用强剪切混合机预混均化，形成预混料；
步骤二：将骨料先加入立轴行星式搅拌机中搅拌1分钟，然后加入预混料混合1～3分钟，将骨料先加入立轴行星式搅拌机中搅拌1分钟，然后加入预混料混合1～3分钟；
步骤三：再外加3～5wt％的液体减水剂进行搅拌，在模具中浇注振动成型；
步骤四：在养护房内40℃～50℃温度下养护8～24小时脱模；
步骤五：在室温下自然养护48～72小时；
步骤六：在200℃～300℃下保温6～12小时烘干；
步骤七：在1100℃～1250℃下保温8小时低温烧成。
本技术方案利用了矾冶炼的提纯尾渣，利用2300℃以上的高温下热压烧结制备了高致密度抗氧化的碳氮化物，采用有机溶剂均化沉淀技术制备了高度均化的碳氮化物预混合粉，采用热震稳定剂在砖体中形成了高度分散的纳米级微小不连续封闭气孔，提高了砖体的热震稳定性，采用合金粉末改善了抗氧化能力及提高了砖体的韧性和强度，采用矾渣与碳氮化合物复合制备透气砖，利用各类原料优秀的韧性、热态强度、导热快与熔渣不润湿性、高温玻璃相的高粘度以及抗烧蚀性优异，
一种钢包用透气砖及其制备方法，实施方案是：
主要原材料及含量
外加剂及含量：
实施例1将制得的钢包用透气砖经1100℃×3小时烧成后的抗折强度为15～20MPa、耐压强度为100～120MPa，水冷热震40次，使用寿命>50次。
实施例2将制得的钢包用透气砖经1150℃×3小时烧成后的抗折强度为18～22MPa、耐压强度为110～125MPa、水冷热震45次，使用寿命>52次。
实施例3将制得的钢包透气砖经1200℃×3小时烧成后的耐压强度为18～25MPa、抗折强度为115～128MPa、水冷热震48次，使用寿命>55次。
实施例4将制得的钢包透气砖经1250℃×3小时烧成后的抗折强度为20～30MPa、耐压强度为120～150MPa、水冷热震55次，使用寿命>55次。
因此，本具体实施方式所制备的透气砖具有强度高、透气性好，热震稳定性好、耐冲刷、抗钢渣的渗透和侵蚀性优异，使用寿命长的特点。
上述技术方案仅体现了本发明技术方案的优选技术方案，本技术领域的技术人员对其中某些部分所可能做出的一些变动均体现了本发明的原理，属于本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种钢包透气砖及其制备方法，其特征在于，钢包透气砖的制备原料如下：50～70wt％的矾渣颗粒、以3～10wt％的烧结90铝镁缺陷尖晶石细颗粒、3～8wt％的热压烧结碳氮化物细颗粒为骨料，以3～10wt％的活性α-Al2O3微粉、以1～3wt％的水合氧化铝微粉、以5～8wt％的烧结90铝镁缺陷尖晶石微粉，以0.5～1.5wt％的纯鋁酸钙水泥，以5～10wt％的碳氮化物预处理复合微粉为基质，以0.05～0.5wt％的尿素，以0.5～1.0wt％的合金粉末，以0.02～0.2wt％的热震稳定剂、3～5wt％的液体减水剂为外加剂；
制备方法包括以下步骤：
步骤一：按含量将外加剂和细粉用强剪切混合机预混均化，形成预混料；
步骤二：将骨料先加入立轴行星式搅拌机中搅拌1分钟，然后加入预混料混合1～3分钟，将骨料先加入立轴行星式搅拌机中搅拌1分钟，然后加入预混料混合1～3分钟；
步骤三：再外加3～5wt％的液体减水剂进行搅拌，在模具中浇注振动成型；
步骤四：在养护房内40℃～50℃温度下养护8～24小时脱模；
步骤五：在室温下自然养护48～72小时；
步骤六：在200℃～300℃下保温6～12小时烘干；
步骤七：在1100℃～1250℃下保温8小时低温烧成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种钢包透气砖及其制备方法，其特征在于，所述矾渣颗粒的体积密度≥3.50g/cm3，其中氧化镁含量在8％～15％之间，五氧化二矾含量在2.5％～5.0％之间，氧化铝含量在75～85％，其粒径为6.36～0.1mm，该矾渣为电熔提纯矾冶炼产生的尾渣获得。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种钢包透气砖及其制备方法，其特征在于，所述烧结碳氮化物的细颗粒为碳氮化钛、碳氮化钨、碳氮化硅中的一种或多种，其粒度为1～0.088mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种钢包透气砖及其制备方法，其特征在于，所述烧结90铝镁缺陷尖晶石细颗粒的Al2O3含量为88～92wt％，MgO含量为6～10wt％，其粒径为1～0.088mm和2微米。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种钢包透气砖及其制备方法，其特征在于，所述活性α-Al2O3微粉的Al2O3含量大于99wt％，其粒径D50为0.7～2μm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种钢包透气砖及其制备方法，其特征在于，所述尿素粒径为0.088～0.045mm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种钢包透气砖及其制备方法，其特征在于，所述碳氮化物预处理复合微粉为碳氮化钛、碳氮化钨、氮化硅、氮化硼、刚玉细粉一种或多种经在有机溶液中乳化均化、过滤、干燥并球磨后所得的预处理混合物，粒径≤0.044mm。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种钢包透气砖及其制备方法，其特征在于，所述热震稳定剂粒径≤0.044mm。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种钢包透气砖及其制备方法，其特征在于，所述合金粉末为铝硅合金、铝镁合金、钛铝铬合金中的一种或多种复合而成并加入催化剂和稳定剂，其粒径小于0.038mm，其在与水反应所产生的溶胶具有较强的结合能力，同时能对碳氮化物颗粒起到氧化保护作用。
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