CN107927739A - 一种食品营养强化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种食品营养强化剂及其制备方法。所述的食品营养强化剂按照质量份数包括：肌醇烟酸酯15～28份、膳食纤维素10～20份、水溶性叶黄素0.3～6份、玛卡提取物5～8份、蓝莓提取物1～3份、蛹虫草提取物0.2～1份和维生素组合物4～12份。本发明的食品营养强化剂，以肌醇烟酸酯、膳食纤维素、水溶性叶黄素、玛卡提取物、蓝莓提取物、蛹虫草提取物和维生素组合物进行合理配比，不仅能补充人体日常缺乏的多种营养元素，还具有多重保健功效，而且食用方便、安全，口感好，适于各类人群和不同的年龄阶层食用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品保健技术领域，具体涉及一种食品营养强化剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着现代生活方式的改变，手机、电脑等等电子屏幕无处不在，时时刻刻危害着我们的眼睛；另外，我们的食品工业化深加工程度越来越高，造成了大量天然有效成分流失，特别是叶黄素的流失，
叶黄素是保证眼睛健康的最基础的物质，参与构成眼睛的黄斑区，由于长期摄入不足且用眼强度大，视力减退已经普遍性存在，许多人出现了严重的各种眼睛症状，并伴有头昏头痛、失眠多梦、记忆衰退、焦虑烦躁、精神不振等“亚健康”症状，所以，必须额外补充叶黄素。
食品营养强化最初是作为一种公众健康问题的解决方案提出的。食品强化总的目的是保证人们在各生长发育阶段及各种劳动条件下获得全面的合理的营养，满足人体生理、生活和劳动的正常需要，以维持和提高人类的健康水平。弥补目前食物的缺陷，使其营养趋于均衡，几乎没有一种单纯食物可以满足眼睛的营养需要，由于各国人民的膳食习惯，地区的食物收获品种及生产、生活水平等的限制，很少能使日常的膳食中包含所有的营养素，往往会出现某些营养上的缺失。根据营养调查，我国各地普遍缺少维生素B2，食用精白米、精白面的地区缺少维生素B1，果蔬缺乏的地区常有维生素E、叶黄素缺乏，而内地往往缺碘。这些问题如能在当地的基础膳食中有的放矢地通过营养强化来解决，就能减少和防止疾病的发生，增强人体体质。
因此，研究开发一种以天然食材作为原料、加工食用方便、安全放心、易吸收、保健效果显著的养保健食品是十分必要的。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种食品营养强化剂及其制备方法，用以补充人体日益缺少的叶黄素及部分维生素、微量元素，解决现有食品营养强化剂营养不均衡的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明的一个方面提供了一种食品营养强化剂。具体的，所述的食品营养强化剂按照质量份数包括：肌醇烟酸酯15～28份、膳食纤维素10～20份、水溶性叶黄素0.3～6份、玛卡提取物5～8份、蓝莓提取物1～3份、蛹虫草提取物0.2～1份和维生素组合物4～12份。
优选地，所述的食品营养强化剂按照质量份数包括：肌醇烟酸酯18～25份、膳食纤维素13～16份、水溶性叶黄素2～4份、玛卡提取物6～7份、蓝莓提取物2～3份、蛹虫草提取物0.4～0.7份和维生素组合物6～9份。
优选地，所述的食品营养强化剂按照质量份数包括：肌醇烟酸酯21份、膳食纤维素14份、水溶性叶黄素3份、玛卡提取物6.5份、蓝莓提取物2.5份、蛹虫草提取物0.6份和维生素组合物7份。
优选地，所述维生素组合物包括维生素B1、维生素B2和维生素E。
优选地，所述维生素B1、维生素B2与维生素E的质量份数比为1：1：2。
优选地，所述食品营养强化剂还包括辅料。
优选地，所述辅料为淀粉、糊精或蔗糖粉中的一种。
优选地，所述食品营养强化剂为片剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂或丸剂中的一种。
本发明第二方面提供了一种食品营养强化剂的制备方法。具体地，所述的制备方法包括：按质量份称取上述原料过80～120目筛，转移至搅拌机中，80～200r/min条件下边搅拌边向搅拌机中喷入去离子水；搅拌至原料呈均匀糊状加入辅料，调节至120～220r/min搅拌10min，55～65℃减压浓缩至含水量为3～8％，即制得食品营养强化剂，再制成不同的剂型。
肌醇烟酸酯是一种温和的周围血管扩张剂，在体内逐渐水解为烟酸和肌醇，故具有烟酸和肌醇二者的药理作用。其血管扩张作用较烟酸缓和而持久，没有服用烟酸后的潮红和胃部不适等副作用。此外还有溶解血栓、抗凝、抗脂肪肝、降低毛细血管脆性等作用。肌醇烟酸醋可用于高脂血症、动脉粥样硬化、各种末梢血管障碍性疾病(如闭塞性动脉硬化症、肢端动脉痊孪症、冻伤、血管性偏头痛等)的辅助治疗。在膳食中常规添加可有效预防高脂血症、动脉粥样硬化、各种末梢血管障碍性疾病，提高免疫功能，增强抗病能力，延缓衰老。
膳食纤维可促进人体内血脂和脂蛋白的代谢，降低脂类的吸收水平，降低血脂浓度和血液粘度，保持血管通畅，防止和减缓动脉硬化和心脑血管的发病率。膳食纤维能吸附胆固醇，阻止其被人体吸收，并能促进胆酸从粪便中排出，减少胆固醇在体内的生成量，从而降低了血胆固醇的含量，对防治冠心病有一定作用。膳食纤维能影响可利用碳水化合物的吸收，使人不容易产生饥饿感，对肥胖症有很好的防治作用。膳食纤维可促进肠道蠕动，缩短肠内容物通过时间，具有通便作用，可减少致癌物被人体吸收的可能。
叶黄素是一种性能优异的抗氧化剂，可抵御氧自由基在人体内造成细胞与器官损伤，预防机体衰老引发的心血管硬化、冠心病等症状。最重要的是叶黄素是唯一可以存在眼睛水晶体的类胡萝卜素成分，是视网膜黄斑的主要色素和抗氧化成分，许多眼科疾病都与叶黄素的缺乏有很大关系，可见叶黄素对于眼睛起着重要保护作用。在食品中加入一定量的叶黄素可预防细胞衰老和机体器官衰老，同时还可预防老年性眼球视网膜黄斑退化引起的视力下降与失明，通过一系列的医学研究，类胡萝卜素已被建议用作癌症预防剂，生命延长剂，溃疡抵制剂，心脏病发作与冠状动脉疾病的抵制剂。同时，叶黄素还可作为饲料添加剂用于家禽肉蛋的着色，同时也已在食品工业中用作着色与营养保健剂。
玛卡是一种纯天然食品，营养成份丰富，白质含量为10％以上，59％的碳水化合物，8.5％的纤维，内含丰富的锌、钙、铁、钛、铷、钾、钠、铜、锰、镁、锶、磷、碘等矿物质，并含有维生素C、B1、B2、B6、A、E、B12、B5，脂肪含量不高但其中多为不饱和脂肪酸，亚油酸和亚麻酸的含量达53％以上，天然活性成份包括生物碱、芥子油苷及其分解产物异硫氰酸苄酯、甾醇、多酚类物质等。具有抗疲劳、抗贫血、体力、增强免疫功能、改善性功能、调节内分泌系统、提高睡眠、增强记忆等多方面功能。
蓝莓果实中含有丰富的营养成分除了常规的糖、酸和维生素C外，富含维生素E、维生素A、维生素B、超氧化物歧化酶、熊果苷、蛋白质、花青苷、食用纤维以及丰富的钾、铁、锌、钙等矿物质元素，维生素都高于其他水果，微量元素也很高，属高氨基酸，高铜，高锌，高铁的果品。具有防止脑神经老化、保护视力、强心、抗癌、软化血管、增强人机体免疫等功能，其中，由于蓝莓富含花青素，具有活化视网膜功效，可以强化视力，防止眼球疲劳而备受注目。也是世界粮农组织推荐的五大健康水果之一。经常食用蓝莓制品，还可明显地增强视力，消除眼睛疲劳。医学临床报告也显示，蓝莓中的花青素可以促进视网膜细胞中的视紫质再生，预防近视，增进视力。
蛹虫草与人参、鹿茸齐名为为中国传统的三大补品，不仅具有特殊的营养价值，而且有明显的药用价值。其中尤以虫草酸、虫草素、虫草多糖，虫草素能抗病毒、抗菌、明显抑制肿瘤生长、干扰人体RNA及DNA合成；虫草酸能预防治疗脑血栓、脑溢血、肾功能衰竭，利尿；腺苷能抗病毒、抗菌，预防治疗脑血栓、脑溢血，抑制血小板积聚防止血栓形成，消除面斑，抗衰防皱；虫草多糖能提高免疫力，延缓衰老，扶正固本，保护心脏、肝脏，抗痉。中医认为其起扶正固本作用，对老年性慢性支气管炎、肺原性心脏病有显著疗效，能提高肝脏解毒能力，起护肝作用，提高身体抗病毒和抗辐射能力。
维生素B1又名硫胺素，在体内的作用在于以羧化酶，转羟乙醛酶系统的辅酶形式参加糖类代谢，是物质代谢和能量代谢中具有关键性的物质基础。维生素B1还参与体内的氧化脱羧作用，为支链氨基酸代谢所必需。此外，维生素B1能促进成长、对促进食欲、胃肠道的正常蠕动和消化液的分泌等也有重要作用。
维生素B2又叫核黄素，微溶于水，在自然界分布广泛的一种维生素，是哺乳动物必需的营养物，其辅酶形式是黄素单核苷酸和黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸。维生素B2在人体内无法储存，但人体每天又需要，所以必须每天从食物中补充，食物中以动物肝、肾、心等维生素B2的含量较高，其次是奶及其制品，禽蛋类、豆类及其制品、谷类，一般蔬菜也含有少量的维生素B2。植物当中维生素B2主要存在于谷物的皮、壳当中，在粮食加工过程中大部分都流失了。因此现代人的饮食结构导致了人体无法从食物中获取足够的维生素B2，所以大多数人都处于缺乏维生素B2的状态。其次，维生素B2具有促进发育和细胞的再生；促使皮肤、指甲、毛发的正常生长；帮助预防和消除口腔内、唇、舌及皮肤的炎反应；增进视力，减轻眼睛的疲劳；促进人体对铁的吸收；与其他物质结合一起，从而影响生物氧化和能量代谢等作用。
维生素E是参与细胞DNA和激素的合成的重要物质，能保护T淋巴细胞、保护红细胞、抗自由基氧化、抑制血小板聚集从而降低心肌梗死和脑梗塞的发病率。维生素E还能促进性激素分泌，使男子精子活力和数量增加；使女子雌性激素浓度增高，提高生育能力，预防流产。维生素E具有减少皱纹产生，保持青春容貌；改善脂质代谢，预防冠心病、动脉粥样硬化；抗衰老和抗癌，预防器质性衰退疾病的发生；改善血液循环、保护组织、降低胆固醇、预防高血压；降低细胞需要氧量，维持生命力、耐力、持久力；强化肝细胞膜、保护肺泡细胞，降低肺部及呼吸系统遭受感染的几率等诸多有益作用，因此，在人们的膳食中适当添加维生素E，会有效提高免疫功能，增强体质、延缓衰老、保持生命活力，对预防冠心病、动脉粥样硬化等多种疾病的发生具有重要意义。
本发明具有如下优点：
本发明的食品营养强化剂富含蛋白质、维生素和人体所需的微量元素等各种成分，具有润肠和滋补的功效，能增强人体免疫功能，提高抗病能力，延缓衰老；在膳食中添加对预防糖尿病、高脂血症、心脑血管病及癌症有一定辅助作用；对补充眼部营养缺失，保护眼睛有重要作用且食用方便、安全，口感好，是老少皆宜的口常膳食营养强化产品。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
本实施例的食品营养强化剂的制备方法，按以下步骤制备：
按质量份称取肌醇烟酸酯21份、膳食纤维素14份、水溶性叶黄素3份、玛卡提取物6.5份、蓝莓提取物2.5份、蛹虫草提取物0.6份、维生素B1 1.75份、维生素B2 1.75份和维生素E 3.5份，过100目筛，转移至搅拌机中，150r/min条件下边搅拌边向搅拌机中喷入去离子水；搅拌至原料呈均匀糊状加入适量淀粉，调节至180r/min搅拌10min，60℃减压浓缩至含水量为5％，即制得食品营养强化剂，再制成颗粒剂。
实施例2
本实施例的食品营养强化剂的制备方法，按以下步骤制备：
按质量份称取肌醇烟酸酯25份、膳食纤维素13份、水溶性叶黄素6份、玛卡提取物5份、蓝莓提取物2份、蛹虫草提取物0.2份、维生素B1 3份、维生素B2 3份和维生素E 6份，过80目筛，转移至搅拌机中，200r/min条件下边搅拌边向搅拌机中喷入去离子水；搅拌至原料呈均匀糊状加入适量糊精，调节至210r/min搅拌10min，62℃减压浓缩至含水量为4％，即制得食品营养强化剂，再制成胶囊剂。
实施例3
本实施例的食品营养强化剂的制备方法，按以下步骤制备：
按质量份称取肌醇烟酸酯15份、膳食纤维素20份、水溶性叶黄素4份、玛卡提取物7份、蓝莓提取物3份、蛹虫草提取物1份、维生素B12.25份、维生素B2 2.25份和维生素E 4.5份，过80目筛，转移至搅拌机中，80r/min条件下边搅拌边向搅拌机中喷入去离子水；搅拌至原料呈均匀糊状加入适量淀粉、糊精或蔗糖粉，调节至140r/min搅拌10min，55℃减压浓缩至含水量为6％，即制得食品营养强化剂，再制成丸剂。
实施例4
本实施例的食品营养强化剂的制备方法，按以下步骤制备：
按质量份称取肌醇烟酸酯28份、膳食纤维素10份、水溶性叶黄素0.3份、玛卡提取物8份、蓝莓提取物1份、蛹虫草提取物0.7份、维生素B1 1.5份、维生素B2 1.5份和维生素E 3份，过100目筛，转移至搅拌机中，120r/min条件下边搅拌边向搅拌机中喷入去离子水；搅拌至原料呈均匀糊状加入适量蔗糖粉，调节至220r/min搅拌10min，65℃减压浓缩至含水量为8％，即制得食品营养强化剂，再制成胶囊剂。
实施例5
本实施例的食品营养强化剂的制备方法，按以下步骤制备：
按质量份称取肌醇烟酸酯18份、膳食纤维素16份、水溶性叶黄素2份、玛卡提取物6份、蓝莓提取物3份、蛹虫草提取物0.4份、维生素B1 1份、维生素B2 1份和维生素E 2份，过120目筛，转移至搅拌机中，180r/min条件下边搅拌边向搅拌机中喷入去离子水；搅拌至原料呈均匀糊状加入适量蔗糖粉，调节至120r/min搅拌10min，58℃减压浓缩至含水量为3％，即制得食品营养强化剂，再制成片剂。
本发明的食品营养强化剂的毒性试验：
采取最大给药剂量给小鼠灌胃的方法对本发明的毒性进行试验。
试验采用体重为18～20克的雌雄各半的小鼠作为试验对象，随机分为对照组、试验组，小鼠以同样方式喂养。给药组按照小鼠体重计算，每10g体重灌胃本发明的食品营养强化剂150mg。
小鼠灌胃后连续观察7天，小鼠的精神饱满，食欲正常，毛色、体重没有变化，没有发生死亡现象，与对照组相比未发现任何异常。证实本发明的食品营养强化剂无明显毒性反应。
虽然，上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施例对本发明作了详尽的描述，但在本发明基础上，可以对之作一些修改或改进，这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此，在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进，均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种食品营养强化剂，其特征在于：所述的食品营养强化剂按照质量份数包括：肌醇烟酸酯15～28份、膳食纤维素10～20份、水溶性叶黄素0.3～6份、玛卡提取物5～8份、蓝莓提取物1～3份、蛹虫草提取物0.2～1份和维生素组合物4～12份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的食品营养强化剂，其特征在于：所述的食品营养强化剂按照质量份数包括：肌醇烟酸酯18～25份、膳食纤维素13～16份、水溶性叶黄素2～4份、玛卡提取物6～7份、蓝莓提取物2～3份、蛹虫草提取物0.4～0.7份和维生素组合物6～9份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的食品营养强化剂，其特征在于：所述的食品营养强化剂按照质量份数包括：肌醇烟酸酯21份、膳食纤维素14份、水溶性叶黄素3份、玛卡提取物6.5份、蓝莓提取物2.5份、蛹虫草提取物0.6份和维生素组合物7份。
4.根据权利要求1～3任一项所述的食品营养强化剂，其特征在于：所述维生素组合物包括维生素B1、维生素B2和维生素E。
5.根据权利要求4所述的食品营养强化剂，其特征在于：所述维生素B1、维生素B2与维生素E的质量份数比为1：1：2。
6.根据权利要求1所述的食品营养强化剂，其特征在于：所述食品营养强化剂还包括辅料。
7.根据权利要求6所述的食品营养强化剂，其特征在于：所述辅料为淀粉、糊精或蔗糖粉中的一种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的食品营养强化剂，其特征在于：所述食品营养强化剂为片剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂或丸剂中的一种。
9.一种食品营养强化剂的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的制备方法包括：按质量份称取上述原料过80～120目筛，转移至搅拌机中，80～200r/min条件下边搅拌边向搅拌机中喷入去离子水；搅拌至原料呈均匀糊状加入辅料，调节至120～220r/min搅拌10min，55～65℃减压浓缩至含水量为3～8％，即制得食品营养强化剂，再制成不同的剂型。
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