CN107924824A - 膏状组合物 - Google Patents
膏状组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107924824A CN107924824A CN201680045360.0A CN201680045360A CN107924824A CN 107924824 A CN107924824 A CN 107924824A CN 201680045360 A CN201680045360 A CN 201680045360A CN 107924824 A CN107924824 A CN 107924824A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- aluminium
- paste composition
- semiconductor substrate
- doped chemical
- shaped doped
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 115
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 abstract description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 53
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical class [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 28
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 28
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- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 13
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- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
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- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
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- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 5
- FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl N-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]carbamate Chemical compound OC1=C(NC(=O)OCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=CC(=C1)N1CCOCC1=O FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)=O XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- FFJCNSLCJOQHKM-CLFAGFIQSA-N (z)-1-[(z)-octadec-9-enoxy]octadec-9-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC FFJCNSLCJOQHKM-CLFAGFIQSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229910018125 Al-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004425 Makrolon Substances 0.000 description 1
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- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229940028356 diethylene glycol monobutyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- CMWTZPSULFXXJA-VIFPVBQESA-N naproxen Chemical compound C1=C([C@H](C)C(O)=O)C=CC2=CC(OC)=CC=C21 CMWTZPSULFXXJA-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JCGNDDUYTRNOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolane-2,4-dione Chemical compound O=C1COC(=O)C1 JCGNDDUYTRNOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/22—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/22—Diffusion of impurity materials, e.g. doping materials, electrode materials, into or out of a semiconductor body, or between semiconductor regions; Interactions between two or more impurities; Redistribution of impurities
- H01L21/2225—Diffusion sources
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/22—Diffusion of impurity materials, e.g. doping materials, electrode materials, into or out of a semiconductor body, or between semiconductor regions; Interactions between two or more impurities; Redistribution of impurities
- H01L21/225—Diffusion of impurity materials, e.g. doping materials, electrode materials, into or out of a semiconductor body, or between semiconductor regions; Interactions between two or more impurities; Redistribution of impurities using diffusion into or out of a solid from or into a solid phase, e.g. a doped oxide layer
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/22—Diffusion of impurity materials, e.g. doping materials, electrode materials, into or out of a semiconductor body, or between semiconductor regions; Interactions between two or more impurities; Redistribution of impurities
- H01L21/225—Diffusion of impurity materials, e.g. doping materials, electrode materials, into or out of a semiconductor body, or between semiconductor regions; Interactions between two or more impurities; Redistribution of impurities using diffusion into or out of a solid from or into a solid phase, e.g. a doped oxide layer
- H01L21/2251—Diffusion into or out of group IV semiconductors
- H01L21/2254—Diffusion into or out of group IV semiconductors from or through or into an applied layer, e.g. photoresist, nitrides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/22—Diffusion of impurity materials, e.g. doping materials, electrode materials, into or out of a semiconductor body, or between semiconductor regions; Interactions between two or more impurities; Redistribution of impurities
- H01L21/228—Diffusion of impurity materials, e.g. doping materials, electrode materials, into or out of a semiconductor body, or between semiconductor regions; Interactions between two or more impurities; Redistribution of impurities using diffusion into or out of a solid from or into a liquid phase, e.g. alloy diffusion processes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0216—Coatings
- H01L31/02161—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/02167—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
- H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/0256—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by the material
- H01L31/0264—Inorganic materials
- H01L31/028—Inorganic materials including, apart from doping material or other impurities, only elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers
- H01L31/068—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN homojunction type, e.g. bulk silicon PN homojunction solar cells or thin film polycrystalline silicon PN homojunction solar cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
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- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
本发明提供一种能够容易地在半导体基板上形成n型掺杂元素浓度高的扩散层的膏状组合物。其是用于在半导体基板上形成覆膜的膏状组合物。该膏状组合物含有铝粉末、含有n型掺杂元素的化合物、树脂、及溶剂,所述n型掺杂元素为选自由磷、锑、砷及铋组成的组中的一种或两种以上的元素,相对于所述铝粉末中包含的铝100质量份,所述含有n型掺杂元素的化合物中的所述n型掺杂元素的含量为1.5质量份以上、1000质量份以下。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于在半导体基板上形成覆膜的膏状组合物。
背景技术
以往,作为在本征半导体基板或p型半导体基板上形成n层、以及在n型半导体基板上形成n+层的手段,提出了将磷用作n型掺杂剂的方法。具体而言,已知:在三氯氧磷、氮、氧的混合气体氛围下,例如于800~900℃下处理数十分钟的方法(例如,参考专利文献1等);或者利用包含五氧化磷等磷酸盐的溶液来形成n型扩散层的方法(例如,参考专利文献2等)。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:国际公开第2014/024297号
专利文献2:日本特开2002-75894号公报
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题
然而,关于如上所述的专利文献所公开的所述方法,由于形成n层需要长时间的热处理,而且由于为分批处理,因此存在生产率差、需要过量的能量的问题。除了像这样的生产上的技术问题以外,上述的各专利文献中公开的技术还存在难以形成n层中的特别是磷浓度高的层、即难以形成n+层的技术问题,难以效率良好地形成n+层。
本发明是鉴于上述情况而完成的,其目的在于提供一种能够容易地在半导体基板上形成n型掺杂元素浓度高的扩散层的膏状组合物。
解决技术问题的技术手段
本申请的发明人为了达成上述目的反复进行了深入研究,其结果发现通过在膏状组合物中以特定的量含有特定的掺杂元素,能够达成上述目的,从而完成了本发明。
即,本发明例如包含以下的项中所记载的主题。
项1.一种膏状组合物,其是用于在半导体基板上形成覆膜的膏状组合物,
其含有铝粉末、含有n型掺杂元素的化合物、树脂、及溶剂,
所述n型掺杂元素为选自由磷、锑、砷及铋组成的组中的一种或两种以上的元素,
相对于所述铝粉末中包含的铝100质量份,所述含有n型掺杂元素的化合物中的所述n型掺杂元素的含量为1.5质量份以上、1000质量份以下。
发明效果
通过使用本发明涉及的膏状组合物,能够以简易的工序且在短时间内在半导体基板上形成n型掺杂元素浓度高的扩散层。
附图说明
图1是表示使用膏状组合物以在半导体基板上形成扩散层的过程的一个例子的说明图。
图2是表示使用膏状组合物以在半导体基板上形成扩散层的过程的其他例子的说明图。
图3是表示利用二次离子质谱(SIMS),对比较例1、实施例2及实施例5中所得到的基板样品进行了表面层的元素分布分析的结果的图表。
具体实施方式
以下,对本发明的实施方式进行详细地说明。
本实施方式涉及的膏状组合物是用于涂布在半导体基板上从而形成覆膜的材料。
上述膏状组合物含有铝粉末、含有n型掺杂元素的化合物、树脂、及溶剂。所述n型掺杂元素为选自由磷、锑、砷及铋组成的组中的一种或两种以上的元素。进一步,相对于所述铝粉末中包含的铝100质量份,所述含有n型掺杂元素的化合物中的所述n型掺杂元素的含量为1.5质量份以上、1000质量份以下。
如上所述而构成的膏状组合物能够以简易的工序且在短时间内在半导体基板上形成n型掺杂元素浓度高的扩散层。此处所谓的扩散层是指:含有构成半导体基板的元素和n型掺杂元素而形成的层,有时也被称为杂质层。此外,扩散层中可以以不会形成p层或p+层的程度而包含铝。这样的扩散层可以根据层中包含的杂质的种类或量而成为n型的层(n层)或p型的层(p层)。例如,作为n型掺杂剂的上述掺杂元素(磷等)的原子浓度比作为p型掺杂剂的铝的原子浓度高时,扩散层可以成为n层。
本实施方式的膏状组合物易于形成n型掺杂元素的浓度比铝高的n层。将n型掺杂元素的浓度特别高时的n层称作n+层。
以下,对本实施方式涉及的膏状组合物及使用了膏状组合物的扩散层的形成进行详细说明。
铝粉末是膏状组合物的主要成分,例如若将膏状组合物用作结晶硅类太阳能电池的制作原料,则铝粉末可以成为用于形成电极的原料。此外,若将包含铝粉末的膏状组合物涂布在硅半导体基板上,并经煅烧形成覆膜,则可在硅半导体基板表面上形成Al-Si合金层及扩散层,因此铝粉末可以成为用于形成上述合金层及扩散层的原料。
铝粉末主要包含铝元素而构成。铝粉末中的铝的纯度没有限定,例如优选为99.7%以上,更优选为99.9%以上。铝粉末中可以含有铝以外的杂质,例如可以含有不可避免地被包含的其他金属元素。此外,铝粉末中也可以含有铝与其他金属元素的合金、铝的氧化物等。
铝粉末的形状可以例示出球状或椭圆球状,但并非限定于此。从印刷性良好、与半导体基板的反应良好的角度出发,优选铝粉末的形状为球状。
铝粉末的平均粒径(D50)也没有特别限定,但若平均粒径为1μm以上、20μm以下,则就膏状组合物的印刷性得以提高、与半导体基板的反应性也得以提高的观点而言是优选的。铝粉末的平均粒径更优选为2~4μm。
含有n型掺杂元素的化合物是用于在半导体基板上形成n层或n+层等扩散层的原料。另外,以下有时将上述的含有n型掺杂元素的化合物仅简写作“n型掺杂化合物”。
所述n型掺杂元素为选自由磷(P)、锑(Sb)、砷(As)及铋(Bi)组成的组中的一种或两种以上的元素。该情况下,可以在半导体基板上形成n型的半导体层,当半导体基板为第四主族的硅时特别有效。
n型掺杂化合物可以是无机化合物及有机化合物中的任一者。此外,含有n型掺杂元素的化合物可以由两种以上的化合物构成,进一步也可以包含无机化合物及有机化合物这两者。
作为n型掺杂化合物,例如可例示出上述各元素的氧化物、有机化合物等,但并不限定于此。作为更具体的n型掺杂化合物,可例示出P2O5、磷酸铝、磷酸钙、磷酸钾、磷酸酯等。磷酸酯的种类没有特别限定,例如可列举出公知的磷酸酯,但特别优选包含聚氧乙烯油基醚磷酸酯。此外,作为n型掺杂化合物,也可以包含含有上述n型掺杂元素的氧化物的玻璃、即玻璃料(glass frit)。
相对于所述铝粉末中包含的铝100质量份,所述n型掺杂化合物中的所述n型掺杂元素的含量为1.5质量份以上、1000质量份以下。若n型掺杂元素的含量为上述范围,则能够效率良好地在半导体基板上形成扩散层,尤其是通过使扩散层中的n型掺杂元素的浓度更高,变得易于在半导体基板上形成n+层。通过使n型掺杂化合物中的n型掺杂元素的上述含量的上限为1000质量份,膏状组合物中的铝的比例不易变少,因此能够防止与半导体基板的反应性的恶化。
相对于所述铝粉末中包含的铝100质量份,所述n型掺杂化合物中的所述n型掺杂元素的含量的下限优选为2质量份,上限更优选为10质量份,上限特别优选为5质量份。
通过使膏状组合物包含上述n型掺杂化合物,可以利用该膏状组合物在半导体基板上形成如n+层那样的扩散层。若将形成有这样的n+层的半导体基板适用于太阳能电池模块等基板,则存在可提高太阳能电池的发电效率的优点。此外,若n型掺杂元素的含量为上述范围,则还存在能够在短时间内在半导体基板上形成扩散层的优点。
作为溶剂,可例示出二乙二醇单丁醚、松油醇、二乙二醇单丁醚醋酸酯、二丙二醇单甲醚等,但并不限定于此,此外,例如可使用公知的有机溶剂等。
树脂是发挥作为膏状组合中的粘结剂(binder)的作用的材料。作为树脂,可例示出乙基纤维素、硝化纤维素等纤维素类、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、苯酚树脂、三聚氰胺树脂、尿素树脂、二甲苯树脂、醇酸树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂、丙烯酸树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂、呋喃树脂、聚氨酯树脂、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、ABS树脂、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚氯乙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇、聚缩醛、聚碳酸酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚苯醚、聚砜、聚酰亚胺、聚醚砜、聚芳酯、聚醚醚酮、聚四氟乙烯、硅树脂、热固性树脂(异氰酸酯化合物、氰酸酯化合物等),但并不限定于此。膏状组合物可以仅包含一种树脂,或者也可以包含两种以上的树脂。
相对于膏状组合物,树脂的含量可以设为0.2质量%以上、3.0质量%以下的范围,相对于膏状组合物,溶剂的含量可以设为1.0质量%以上、25.0质量%以下的范围。
本实施方式的膏状组合物中除了上述n型掺杂化合物以外,还可以进一步包含玻璃粉末。该玻璃粉末具有协助铝粉末与半导体基板的反应、及铝粉末自身的烧结的作用。作为这样的玻璃粉末,可例示出包含一种或两种以上的除上述n型掺杂元素以外的元素的玻璃粉末。构成玻璃粉末的玻璃颗粒的平均粒径优选为1μm以上3μm以下。膏状组合物中包含的玻璃粉末的含量虽没有特别限定,但相对于100质量份的铝粉末,优选为0.1质量份以上15质量份以下。该情况下,将膏状组合物涂布于半导体基板上并将其烧结而形成的覆膜对半导体基板的密着性优异,而且也不易引起电阻的增加。
只要为不阻碍本发明的效果的程度,膏状组合物中还可以包含其他的各种添加剂。作为各种添加剂,例如可列举出抗氧化剂、缓蚀剂、消泡剂、增稠剂、偶联剂、静电赋予剂、阻聚剂、触变剂、抗沉降剂等。
本实施方式的膏状组合物可以以任意的方法制备,其方法没有特别限定。例如以规定的掺合量准备铝粉末、含有n型掺杂元素的化合物、树脂、溶剂、及根据所需而添加的上述玻璃粉末、其他的添加剂,并将它们混合,由此可制备本实施方式的膏状组合物。
另外,也可以通过预先混合树脂与溶剂,将其作为所谓的有机载体进行制备,并使用该有机载体来制备本实施方式的膏状组合物。有机载体中也可以含有上述玻璃粉末或添加剂。但是,有机载体不必必须包含溶剂,也可以以不溶解于溶剂的方式将树脂本身用作有机载体。膏状组合物中包含的有机载体的含量虽没有特别限定,但相对于100质量份的铝粉末,可以设为30质量份以上100质量份以下。该情况下,易于防止膏状组合物的印刷性的降低。
制备本实施方式的膏状组合物时可以使用公知的混合机、分散机等。
只要使用本实施方式的膏状组合物,就能够在半导体基板上形成覆膜。例如,通过将膏状组合物涂布于半导体基板的表面上、并使其烧结,能够形成上述覆膜。以此方式形成的覆膜例如为由包含n型掺杂元素而形成的扩散层(例如,n+层)、包含铝的合金层及铝的烧结层等构成的层叠体。
以下,对使用上述膏状组合物在半导体基板上形成覆膜的方法、尤其是使用上述膏状组合物在半导体基板上形成扩散层的方法进行详细说明。
作为上述半导体基板,可列举出单晶硅基板、多晶硅基板等结晶硅(Si)基板、锗基板等。半导体基板可以由纯度为99%以上的硅或纯度为99%以上的锗形成。或者,半导体基板也可以由硅和锗以任意的比例混合而形成。另外,半导体基板也可以包含除硅、锗以外的元素作为杂质或添加物。
如上所述的半导体基板例如可以由晶锭(ingot)进行切片,从而形成为所需的形状。半导体基板的厚度没有特别限制,可以根据目的性用途形成为所需的厚度。例如,半导体基板的厚度可以设为150μm以上、550μm以下,尤其是在适用于太阳能电池的情况下,优选为150μm以上、250μm以下。
半导体基板可以由p型半导体、n型半导体及本征半导体中的任一种形成。例如,利用膏状组合物形成n+层时,若将p型的硅基板用作半导体基板,则存在容易判断形成于硅基板上的扩散层是否是以n+层的形式而形成的优点。
使用上述膏状组合物在半导体基板上形成覆膜时,例如能够经过下述工序1~3而进行。
工序1:将上述膏状组合物涂布于半导体基板的表面上,从而形成涂膜。
工序2:进行形成有涂膜的半导体基板的煅烧,然后进行冷却处理。
工序3:进行蚀刻处理。
图1中示意性地表示利用上述工序1~3在半导体基板上形成覆膜的方法。另外,该图1中,使用p型的硅基板(有时简写作p-Si)作为半导体基板1(图1(a))并使用磷元素(P)作为n型掺杂元素。
在上述工序1中,将膏状组合物涂布于半导体基板的表面上的方法没有特别限定,例如能够使用丝网印刷、旋涂法等,但并不限定于此,也可以采用其他的方法。膏状组合物向半导体基板的涂布量例如可以设为4mg/cm2以上、12mg/cm2以下。
利用工序1涂布膏状组合物后,通过进行干燥处理,去除膏状组合物中的挥发成分。关于干燥处理的温度,例如可以在100℃以上、300℃以下进行。干燥处理的时间虽因膏状组合物的种类而不同,但例如若设为1分钟以上、10分钟以下,则能充分地进行干燥。
如图1(b)所示,通过经过如上所述的工序1,可在半导体基板p-Si上形成干燥膏状组合物而形成的涂膜2。
如图1(c)所示,通过进行工序2中的热处理(煅烧处理),可形成铝烧结层3a、包含铝的合金层3b。图1的实施方式中,包含铝的合金层3b为铝与硅的合金层。
此外,通过上述热处理(煅烧处理)后的冷却处理,铝及n型掺杂元素(P)的一部分在硅基板中扩散,其作为杂质层、即扩散层3c而形成。所形成的扩散层3c中的n型掺杂元素(P)比铝的浓度高。其结果,扩散层3c作为n+层而形成,可形成如图1(c)所示的n型的硅基板。
关于工序2中的煅烧的温度,例如可以在577℃以上、1200℃以下的范围内进行,若为该范围的煅烧温度,则能够在短时间内效率良好地形成铝烧结层3a、包含铝的合金层3b及扩散层3c。煅烧温度特别优选为850℃以上、950℃以下。
煅烧时间例如可以设为3秒以上、300秒以下,若为该范围,则能够形成所需的覆膜,而且由于整体的工序也不会变得过长,因此能够效率良好地在半导体基板上形成扩散层。
工序2中的煅烧可以于空气氛围、氮氛围中的任意一者下进行。
在工序2中的冷却处理中,冷却的速度及冷却时的氛围温度没有限定,可以以适宜的条件进行冷却。自然冷却能够在室温、例如25℃的氛围中进行。
如图1(c)所示,通过上述工序2,可在半导体基板1(p-Si)上,从半导体基板1侧出发依次层叠并形成扩散层3c、包含铝的合金层3b(铝与硅的合金层)及铝烧结层3a。
工序3中,通过蚀刻去除存在于表面的铝。具体而言,利用蚀刻,将通过工序2而形成于半导体基板1(p-Si)上的铝烧结层3a、包含铝的合金层3b去除。如图1(d)所示,由此,可形成在表面上具备扩散层3c的半导体基板1。
基于工序3的蚀刻处理的条件没有特别限制,例如本工序中也可以采用公知的蚀刻处理的条件。例如,可以利用包含KCl、HCl等的蚀刻液进行蚀刻。
如上所述,经过工序1~工序3而形成扩散层的方法,通过使用包含特定量的选自由磷、锑、砷及铋组成的组中的一种或两种以上的n型掺杂元素的膏状组合物,能够容易地在半导体基板上形成扩散层。尤其是由于以往为了形成扩散层需要长时间的热处理,而且为分批处理,因此存在生产率差、需要过量的能量的问题,但若使用上述的膏状组合物,则能够在短时间内且容易地形成扩散层。
通常,利用热处理形成扩散层时,即使在800℃左右的加热下,固相硅也依然为固相。n型掺杂元素向固相硅的热扩散速度虽然依赖于元素的种类与温度,但约为1μm/小时。相对于此,若使用上述膏状组合物,则例如固相硅与铝于600℃左右进行一次反应从而成为液相的硅铝合金,n型掺杂元素能够立即在液相硅铝合金中扩散(例如,在800℃10秒钟左右的加热下扩散至5μm)。在此后的冷却过程中,硅虽再结晶化而成为固体,但一部分的n型掺杂元素留在硅内从而形成扩散层。因此,若使用上述膏状组合物,则扩散层的形成过程与以往方法不同,由于硅曾一度液相化,因此使得短时间内的n型掺杂元素的扩散成为可能。
此外,上述膏状组合物通过包含特定量的n型掺杂元素,能够以简易的方法形成扩散层,特别是能够以简单的方法形成n型掺杂元素(例如磷)浓度高的扩散层、即n+层。因此,通过将以此方式形成的具有扩散层的半导体基板适用于结晶硅类太阳能电池,能够更加提高结晶硅类太阳能电池的发电效率。此外,如上所述的具有扩散层的半导体基板能够适用于各种领域,例如也可适用于pn接合的形成为必需的半导体二极管、半导体晶体管。
图2中表示使用本实施方式的膏状组合物形成扩散层的方法的其他例子。本方式中,也经过上述的工序1~工序3,在半导体基板1上形成扩散层3c。
首先,利用与上述工序1相同的方法,通过将膏状组合物涂布于半导体基板1上并使其干燥,从而形成涂膜2(图2(b)),然后如图2(c)所示,在半导体基板1的与形成有涂膜2的面相反一侧的面上涂布铝膏,并使其干燥,从而形成铝涂膜4。关于用于形成该铝涂膜4的条件,例如可以以与工序1相同的条件进行,但并不限定于此。
此处使用的铝膏为与上述膏状组合物不同的膏。该铝膏中通常不包含上述n型掺杂化合物,或者,n型掺杂元素的含量比上述膏状组合物少。即,在铝膏中,相对于铝粉末中包含的铝100质量份,含有n型掺杂元素的化合物中的所述掺杂元素的含量小于1.5质量份。另外,关于铝膏的其他成分,可以设为与上述膏状组合物相同。
如上所述,在半导体基板1的一个面上形成涂膜2、在另一个面上形成铝涂膜4后,经过工序2,从而在半导体基板1的一个面上,与图1相同地在半导体基板1上从半导体基板1侧出发依次层叠并形成扩散层3c、包含铝的合金层3b及铝烧结层3a。另一方面,在半导体基板1的另一个面上,从半导体基板1侧出发依次层叠并形成扩散层5c、包含铝的合金层5b及铝烧结层5a(图2(d))。扩散层5c是通过在半导体基板1上扩散铝而形成的层。该扩散层5c不包含如扩散层3c那样的n型掺杂元素,或者即使包含,其含量比起扩散层3c也为少量,就这一点而言与扩散层3c不同。
另外,若半导体基板1为硅基板,则包含铝的合金层5b作为铝与硅的合金层而形成。
然后,若通过工序3对半导体基板1的两面进行蚀刻处理从而去除包含铝的合金层及铝烧结层,则如(图2(e))所示可得到在两面上形成有扩散层(扩散层3c及扩散层5c)的半导体基板1。
由于如上所述而形成的扩散层3c由如上所述而包含特定量的n型掺杂元素的膏状组合物形成,因此成为n+层。另一方面,由于扩散层5c不包含n型掺杂元素,或者即使包含,其含量比起扩散层3c也为少量,因此成为p层。
若经过上述的工序,如图2所示地形成扩散层,则可同时在半导体基板的两面上形成扩散层,可以以简单的过程在半导体基板上形成扩散层。在两面上形成有扩散层的半导体基板,例如在太阳能电池或半导体二极管元件等用途中是有效的。
另外,进行工序3的蚀刻处理时,也可以只对任何一个面进行蚀刻处理。
实施例
以下,利用实施例对本发明进行更具体地说明,但本发明并不受这些实施例的方式的限定。
(实施例1)
相对于100质量份的球状的铝粉末,混合了40质量份的有机载体作为粘结剂、混合了20质量份的P2O5及包含P2O5的玻璃(P2O5-SnO类玻璃料)的混合物作为含有n型掺杂元素的化合物。由此,制备了含有磷作为n型掺杂元素的膏状组合物。另外,有机载体为1质量份的乙基纤维素(The Dow Chemical Company制造)、39质量份的乙二醇醚类有机溶剂的混合物。
在上述膏状组合物中,相对于铝粉末中包含的铝100质量份,磷的量为1.52质量份。
另一方面,相对于100质量份的球状的铝粉末,混合了40质量份的上述有机载体作为粘结剂、以及2质量份的作为不包含磷的玻璃的B2O3类玻璃料。由此,制备了不含n型掺杂元素的铝膏。
接着,在被切片成厚度为200μm的p型硅基板的一个表面上涂布上述的膏状组合物,并于100℃~300℃下使其干燥。另一方面,将上述不含n型掺杂元素的铝膏涂布于p型硅基板的相反的面上,即涂布于与涂布了膏状组合物的面相反侧的面上,并于连续炉中以900℃的煅烧峰值,进行了包含升温与冷却的60秒钟的热处理。进一步,利用盐酸将通过煅烧而生成的p型硅基板的两面的表面上的铝层去除,由此得到了基板样品。
(实施例2)
除了将P2O5及包含P2O5的玻璃(P2O5-SnO类玻璃料)的混合物变更为28质量份从而制备了膏状组合物以外,利用与实施例1相同的方法得到了基板样品。在上述膏状组合物中,相对于铝粉末中包含的铝100质量份,磷的量为2.21质量份。
(实施例3)
将P2O5及包含P2O5的玻璃(P2O5-SnO类玻璃料)的混合物变更为作为有机磷化合物的聚氧乙烯油基醚磷酸酯,且将相对于100质量份的铝粉末的有机磷化合物设为20质量份从而制备了膏状组合物,除此以外,利用与实施例1相同的方法得到了基板样品。在上述膏状组合物中,相对于铝粉末中包含的铝100质量份,磷的量为1.58质量份。
(实施例4)
将P2O5及包含P2O5的玻璃(P2O5-SnO类玻璃料)的混合物变更为作为有机磷化合物的聚氧乙烯油基醚磷酸酯,且将相对于100质量份的铝粉末的有机磷化合物设为40质量份从而制备了膏状组合物,除此以外,利用与实施例1相同的方法得到了基板样品。在上述膏状组合物中,相对于铝粉末中包含的铝100质量份,磷的量为3.16质量份。
(实施例5)
除了将P2O5及包含P2O5的玻璃(P2O5-SnO类玻璃料)的混合物变更为无机磷化合物及有机磷化合物的混合物以外,利用与实施例1相同的方法得到了基板样品。另外,将无机磷化合物设为了P及P2O5及磷酸铝的混合物,将有机磷化合物设为了聚氧乙烯油基醚磷酸酯。在上述膏状组合物中,相对于铝粉末中包含的铝100质量份,磷的量为2.77质量份。
(比较例1)
相对于100质量份的球状的铝粉末,混合40质量份的有机载体作为粘结剂、混合2质量份的不包含磷的玻璃(B2O3类玻璃料),制备了不含磷的铝膏。
接着,在被切片成厚度为200μm的p型硅基板的两面上涂布不含磷的铝膏,并于连续炉中以900℃的煅烧峰值,进行了包含升温与冷却的60秒钟的热处理。进一步,利用盐酸将通过煅烧而生成的p型硅基板的两面的表面上的铝层去除,由此得到了基板样品。
(比较例2)
除了将P2O5及包含P2O5的玻璃(P2O5-SnO类玻璃料)的混合物变更为7质量份从而制备了膏状组合物以外,利用与实施例1相同的方法得到了基板样品。在上述膏状组合物中,相对于铝粉末中包含的铝100质量份,磷的量为0.55质量份。
(比较例3)
将P2O5及包含P2O5的玻璃(P2O5-SnO类玻璃料)的混合物变更为作为有机磷化合物的聚氧乙烯油基醚磷酸酯,且将相对于100质量份的铝粉末的有机磷化合物变更为6质量份,由此制备了膏状组合物,除此以外,利用与实施例1相同的方法得到了基板样品。在上述膏状组合物中,相对于铝粉末中包含的铝100质量份,磷的量为0.32质量份。
(扩散层的确认)
使用SunsVoc测定装置(Sinton Consulting Inc.制造,型号Suns-Voc),对上述实施例及比较例中所得到的基板样品分别进行了n层形成的判定。具体而言,通过将闪光(随时间衰减的光)照射于基板样品,从而激发半导体中的电子,通过随时测定逐渐衰减的闪光的光强度及基于电子激发的电压的变化,进行了n层形成的判定。表1中表示了其结果。
[表1]
由表1可知,实施例2~5的基板样品均形成有n层。即可知,若为相对于铝粉末中包含的铝100质量份,含有n型掺杂元素的化合物中的所述n型掺杂元素的含量为1.5质量份以上、1000质量份以下的膏状组合物,则可在半导体基板上形成n层。此外,还确认到了无论磷化合物的种类如何,均形成了n型层。
另一方面,对于n型掺杂元素的含量偏离上述范围的比较例1~3,未确认到n层的形成。
图3(a)~(c)中分别表示利用SIMS(二次离子质谱)对比较例1、实施例2及实施例5中所得到的基板样品进行了表面层的元素分布分析的结果。
图3的SIMS的测定结果表示深度与原子浓度的关系。此处所谓的深度以涂布了膏状组合物或铝膏的面的半导体基板表面作为0而进行记载。此外,原子浓度表示掺杂至半导体基板中的掺杂元素的浓度,具体而言,表示铝的原子浓度与磷的原子浓度。此处,作为n型掺杂剂的磷的原子浓度比作为p型掺杂剂的铝的原子浓度高时,则成为n层。
如图3(a)所示,比较例1的基板样品中,未检出作为n型掺杂元素的磷,仅检出了铝。
另一方面,图3(b)、(c)中,作为n型掺杂剂的磷浓度比作为p型掺杂剂的铝的浓度高,并确认到了n型层以3.0~6.0μm的深度形成。
另外,对硅或锗等的半导体基板,使用与磷一样同样作为形成n型的掺杂剂的第五主族元素的砷、锑、铋时,预想也可获得与上述实施例相同的效果。
附图标记说明
1:半导体基板
2:涂膜
3a:铝烧结层
3b:包含铝的合金层
3c:扩散层
Claims (1)
1.一种膏状组合物,其是用于在半导体基板上形成覆膜的膏状组合物,
其含有铝粉末、含有n型掺杂元素的化合物、树脂、及溶剂,
所述n型掺杂元素为选自由磷、锑、砷及铋组成的组中的一种或两种以上的元素,
相对于所述铝粉末中包含的铝100质量份,所述含有n型掺杂元素的化合物中的所述n型掺杂元素的含量为1.5质量份以上、1000质量份以下。
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CN104835723A (zh) * | 2010-02-03 | 2015-08-12 | 日立化成工业株式会社 | 形成p型扩散层的组合物和方法,及制备光伏电池的方法 |
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CN114005741A (zh) * | 2021-01-27 | 2022-02-01 | 济宁九德半导体科技有限公司 | 半导体扩散用施主源材料、施主源扩散纸及其制备方法和应用 |
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US10446291B2 (en) | 2019-10-15 |
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