TW201715011A - 膏狀組成物 - Google Patents
膏狀組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201715011A TW201715011A TW105131342A TW105131342A TW201715011A TW 201715011 A TW201715011 A TW 201715011A TW 105131342 A TW105131342 A TW 105131342A TW 105131342 A TW105131342 A TW 105131342A TW 201715011 A TW201715011 A TW 201715011A
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- aluminum
- paste composition
- semiconductor substrate
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 abstract description 62
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 131
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 25
- -1 phosphate ester Chemical class 0.000 description 20
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000008012 organic excipient Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000002903 organophosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid Substances OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- FFJCNSLCJOQHKM-CLFAGFIQSA-N (z)-1-[(z)-octadec-9-enoxy]octadec-9-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC FFJCNSLCJOQHKM-CLFAGFIQSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- PSNPEOOEWZZFPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;yttrium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Y] PSNPEOOEWZZFPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)=O XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001004 secondary ion mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- LNOLJFCCYQZFBQ-BUHFOSPRSA-N (ne)-n-[(4-nitrophenyl)-phenylmethylidene]hydroxylamine Chemical compound C=1C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=CC=1C(=N/O)/C1=CC=CC=C1 LNOLJFCCYQZFBQ-BUHFOSPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXQBJTKSVGFQOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCOC(C)=O VXQBJTKSVGFQOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCAHUFWKIQLBNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3-methoxypropoxy)propan-1-ol Chemical compound COCCCOCCCO QCAHUFWKIQLBNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021364 Al-Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004640 Melamine resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930182556 Polyacetal Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WUOACPNHFRMFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-terpineol Chemical compound CC1=CCC(C(C)(C)O)CC1 WUOACPNHFRMFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- SQIFACVGCPWBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N delta-terpineol Natural products CC(C)(O)C1CCC(=C)CC1 SQIFACVGCPWBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940028356 diethylene glycol monobutyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphonate Chemical compound O=P(=O)OP(=O)=O YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007849 furan resin Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021478 group 5 element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- CMWTZPSULFXXJA-VIFPVBQESA-N naproxen Chemical compound C1=C([C@H](C)C(O)=O)C=CC2=CC(OC)=CC=C21 CMWTZPSULFXXJA-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002923 oximes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JCGNDDUYTRNOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolane-2,4-dione Chemical compound O=C1COC(=O)C1 JCGNDDUYTRNOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentoxide Inorganic materials O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002098 polyfluorene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001955 polyphenylene ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940116411 terpineol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013008 thixotropic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229920006337 unsaturated polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/22—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/22—Diffusion of impurity materials, e.g. doping materials, electrode materials, into or out of a semiconductor body, or between semiconductor regions; Interactions between two or more impurities; Redistribution of impurities
- H01L21/2225—Diffusion sources
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/22—Diffusion of impurity materials, e.g. doping materials, electrode materials, into or out of a semiconductor body, or between semiconductor regions; Interactions between two or more impurities; Redistribution of impurities
- H01L21/225—Diffusion of impurity materials, e.g. doping materials, electrode materials, into or out of a semiconductor body, or between semiconductor regions; Interactions between two or more impurities; Redistribution of impurities using diffusion into or out of a solid from or into a solid phase, e.g. a doped oxide layer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/22—Diffusion of impurity materials, e.g. doping materials, electrode materials, into or out of a semiconductor body, or between semiconductor regions; Interactions between two or more impurities; Redistribution of impurities
- H01L21/225—Diffusion of impurity materials, e.g. doping materials, electrode materials, into or out of a semiconductor body, or between semiconductor regions; Interactions between two or more impurities; Redistribution of impurities using diffusion into or out of a solid from or into a solid phase, e.g. a doped oxide layer
- H01L21/2251—Diffusion into or out of group IV semiconductors
- H01L21/2254—Diffusion into or out of group IV semiconductors from or through or into an applied layer, e.g. photoresist, nitrides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/22—Diffusion of impurity materials, e.g. doping materials, electrode materials, into or out of a semiconductor body, or between semiconductor regions; Interactions between two or more impurities; Redistribution of impurities
- H01L21/228—Diffusion of impurity materials, e.g. doping materials, electrode materials, into or out of a semiconductor body, or between semiconductor regions; Interactions between two or more impurities; Redistribution of impurities using diffusion into or out of a solid from or into a liquid phase, e.g. alloy diffusion processes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0216—Coatings
- H01L31/02161—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/02167—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
- H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/0256—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by the material
- H01L31/0264—Inorganic materials
- H01L31/028—Inorganic materials including, apart from doping material or other impurities, only elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers
- H01L31/068—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN homojunction type, e.g. bulk silicon PN homojunction solar cells or thin film polycrystalline silicon PN homojunction solar cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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Abstract
本發明係提供一種於半導體基板上,能使高濃度n型摻雜元素之擴散層易於形成之膏狀組成物。本發明所提供的一種於半導體基板上形成被膜用之膏狀組成物。該膏狀組成物係含有鋁粉末、含有n型摻雜元素之化合物、樹脂、溶劑;前述n型摻雜元素係選自磷、銻、砷及鉍所成群中1種或2種以上之元素;前述含有n型摻雜元素之化合物中,前述n型摻雜元素之含有量,相對於前述鋁粉末所含鋁100質量份,係1.5質量份以上、1000質量份以下。
Description
本發明係關於一種於半導體基板上形成被膜用之膏狀組成物。
傳統上,於本質半導體基板或p型半導體基板上形成n層,以及,於n型半導體基板上形成n+層之手段,目前已有提案將磷作為n型摻雜劑使用之方法。具體而言,已習知有:在三氯氧磷、氮氣、氧氣之混合氣體環境下,以例如800~900℃處理數十分鐘之方法(例如,參照專利文獻1等),抑或,藉由含有五氧化二磷等之磷酸鹽之溶液形成n型擴散層之方法(例如,參照專利文獻2等)。
【專利文獻1】國際公開第2014/024297號
【專利文獻2】日本特開2002-75894號公報
然而,如上述之專利文獻中所記載之方法,形成n層必須進行長時間的熱處理,並且,由於批次處理,故會有生產力差、必需過剩能量之問題。除了如此的生產上之課題以外,上述各專利文獻所記載的技術,亦有n層中磷濃度特別高之層,亦即,n+層之難以形成之課題,而無法效率良好地形成n+層。
本發明係鑒於上述技術背景而成,目的在於提供一種於半導體基板上,能使高濃度n型摻雜元素之擴散層易於形成之膏狀組成物。
本發明者為達成上述目的深入研究的結果,發現藉由使膏狀組成物中含有特定量之特定摻雜元素,可達成上述目的,從而完成本發明。
亦即,本發明係包含如以下項目所記載之主題。
項1.一種膏狀組成物,其係於半導體基板上形成被膜用之膏狀組成物,其特徵為其係含有鋁粉末、含有n型摻雜元素之化合物、樹脂及溶劑;前述n型摻雜元素係選自磷、銻、砷及鉍所成群中1種或2種以上之元素,前述含有n型摻雜元素之化合物中,前述n型摻雜元素之含有量,相對於前述鋁粉末所含鋁100質量份,係1.5質量份以上、1000質量份以下。
藉由使用本發明之膏狀組成物,能以簡易步驟,並以短時間於半導體基板上形成高濃度n型摻雜元素之擴散層。
1‧‧‧半導體基板
2‧‧‧塗膜
3a‧‧‧鋁燒結層
3b‧‧‧含鋁合金層
3c‧‧‧擴散層
【圖1】表示使用膏狀組成物於半導體基板上形成擴散層用之過程一例之說明圖。
【圖2】表示使用膏狀組成物於半導體基板上形成擴散層用之過程別例之說明圖。
【圖3】表示將由比較例1、實施例2及實施例5所得之基板樣本,藉由二次離子質譜分析(SIMS),進行表面層之元素分布分析之結果圖表。
以下,對本發明之實施型態進行詳細說明。
本實施型態之膏狀組成物,係塗布於半導體基板上而形成被膜用之材料。
上述膏狀組成物,係含有鋁粉末、含有n型摻雜元素之化合物、樹脂及溶劑。前述n型摻雜元素係選自磷、銻、砷及鉍所成群中1種或2種以上之元素。進一步,前述含有n型摻雜元素之化合物中,前述n型摻雜元素之含有量,相對於前述鋁粉末所含鋁100質量份,係1.5質量份以上、1000質量份以下。
如上述所構成之膏狀組成物,係可以簡易步驟,並以短時間於半導體基板上形成高濃度n型摻雜元素之擴散層者。此處所指擴散層,係含有構
成半導體基板之元素及n型摻雜元素而形成之層,亦有被稱為不純物層之情形。此外,擴散層中,係於不會形成p層或p+層之程度下,得以含有鋁。如此之擴散層,係對應層中所含有之不純物質之種類或含量,得以成為n型層(n層)或p型層(p層)。例如,比起為p型摻雜元素之鋁之原子濃度,為n型摻雜元素之上述元素(磷等)之原子濃度較高時,擴散層得以成為n層。
本實施型態之膏狀組成物,較易形成n型摻雜元素濃度比鋁高之n層。n型摻雜元素濃度特別高之情形的n層,稱為n+層。
以下,對本實施型態之膏狀組成物及使用其之擴散層之形成進行詳述。
鋁粉末係膏狀組成物之主成分,例如,若將膏狀組成物作為結晶矽系太陽能電池之製作用原料使用,則鋁粉末得以成為形成電極用之原料。此外,若將含有鋁粉末之膏狀組成物塗佈於矽半導體基板上,並經燒成形成被膜,則可於矽半導體基板表面形成Al-Si合金層及擴散層,因此,鋁粉末得以成為形成上述合金層及擴散層用之原料。
鋁粉末係主要含鋁元素而構成。鋁粉末之鋁之純度並無限定,例如,以99.7%以上為較佳,進一步較佳為99.9%以上。鋁粉末係可含有鋁以外之不純物,例如,不可避地包含之其他金屬元素。此外,鋁粉末亦可含有鋁與其他金屬元素之合金、或鋁之氧化物等。
鋁粉末之形狀,雖例示為球狀或橢圓球狀,但並非限定於此等。由印刷性良好、與半導體基板之反應良好之觀點,鋁粉末之形狀以球狀較佳。
鋁粉末之平均粒徑(D50)雖亦無特別限定,但若平均粒徑為1μm以上、20μm以下,由膏狀組成物之印刷性將提升、與半導體基板之反
應性亦將提升之觀點而言較佳,鋁粉末之平均粒徑進一步較佳為2~4μm。
含有n型摻雜元素之化合物係於半導體基板上形成n層或n+層等之擴散層用之原料。又,以下會有將上述含有n型摻雜元素之化合物只略稱為「n型摻雜元素化合物」之情形。
前述n型摻雜元素係選自磷(P)、銻(Sb)、砷(As)及鉍(Bi)所成群中1種或2種以上之元素。此種情形下,於半導體基板,可形成n型之半導體層,半導體基板為4族之矽時特別有效。
n型摻雜元素化合物,係可為無機化合物或有機化合物中任一種。此外,含有n型摻雜元素之化合物可由2種以上之化合物構成,更進一步,可同時含有無機化合物及有機化合物。
n型摻雜元素化合物,例如,雖例示為上述各元素之氧化物、有機化合物等,但並不限於此等。更具體之n型摻雜元素化合物,可例示如P2O5、磷酸鋁、磷酸鈣、磷酸鉀、磷酸酯等。磷酸酯之種類無特別限定,可列舉例如習知之磷酸酯,以含有聚氧乙烯油基醚磷酸為特佳。此外,n型摻雜元素化合物,可含有含上述n型摻雜元素之氧化物之玻璃,即玻璃料。
前述n型摻雜元素化合物中,前述n型摻雜元素之含有量,相對於前述鋁粉末所含鋁100質量份,係1.5質量份以上、1000質量份以下。若n型摻雜元素之含有量為上述範圍,可效率良好地於半導體基板上形成擴散層,特別係,擴散層之n型摻雜元素濃度越高,於半導體基板上越容易形成n+層。因n型摻雜元素化合物中,n型摻雜元素之上述含有量之上限為1000質量份,膏狀組成物中之鋁之比例難以減少,故可防止與半導體基板反應性之惡化。
前述n型摻雜元素化合物中,前述n型摻雜元素之含有量,相對於前述鋁粉末所含鋁100質量份,係下限以2質量份較佳,上限以10質量份為進一步較佳,上限以5質量份者為特佳。
因膏狀組成物中含有上述n型摻雜元素化合物,藉由此膏狀組成物,可於半導體基板上形成如n+層之擴散層。若將如此n+層所形成之半導體基板應用於太陽能電池模組等之基板,則有可提高太陽能電池之發電效率的優點。此外,n型摻雜元素之含有量若為上述範圍,則有可以短時間於半導體基板上形成擴散層的優點。
溶劑,雖例示為二甘醇單丁醚,萜品醇、二甘醇單丁醚乙酸酯,二丙二醇單甲醚等,但並不限定於此等,例如,可使用其他習知之有機溶劑。
樹脂係發揮膏狀組成物之結合劑之功能的材料。樹脂例示為乙基纖維素、硝酸纖維素等之纖維素類、聚乙烯丁醛、酚醛樹脂、三聚氰胺樹脂、尿素樹脂、二甲苯樹脂、醇酸樹脂、不飽和聚酯樹脂、丙烯酸樹脂、聚酰亞胺樹脂、呋喃樹脂、胺甲酸乙酯樹脂、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、ABS樹脂、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚氯乙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚乙酸乙烯、聚乙烯醇、聚縮醛、聚碳酸酯、聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚對苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚苯醚、聚碸、聚酰亞胺、聚醚碸、聚芳香酯、聚醚醚酮,聚4氟代乙烯、矽氧樹脂、熱固性樹脂(異氰酸酯化合物、氰酸酯化合物等),但並不限定於此等。膏狀組成物係可只含有1種樹脂,亦可含有2種以上之樹脂。
樹脂之含有量,相對於膏狀組成物,係可為0.2質量%以上、3.0質量%以下之範圍,溶劑之含有量,相對於膏狀組成物,係可為1.0質量%以上、25.0質量%以下之範圍。
本實施型態之膏狀組成物,除了上述n型摻雜元素化合物以外,亦可進一步含有玻璃粉末。此玻璃粉末係有協助與鋁粉末及半導體基板之反應,及協助鋁粉末自身之燒結的作用。如此之玻璃粉末,係例示為含1種或2種上述n型摻雜元素以外之元素之玻璃粉末。構成玻璃粉末之玻璃粒子之平均粒徑,係以1μm以上3μm以下為較佳。膏狀組成物所含玻璃粉末之含有量雖無特別限定,相對於鋁粉末100質量份,係以0.1質量部以上15質量部以下為較佳。此情形下,將膏狀組成物塗佈於半導體基板,經燒結所形成之被膜,對於半導體基板密著性優良,且不易增加電阻。
膏狀組成物,係若不阻礙本發明之效果,可含有其他各種添加劑。各種添加劑,可列舉例如氧化防止劑、腐蝕抑制劑、消泡劑、增黏劑、偶聯劑、靜電賦予劑、聚合抑制劑、觸變劑、防沉降劑等。
本實施型態之膏狀組成物,係可以任意之方法調製,並不限定於此方法。例如,將鋁粉末、含有n型摻雜元素之化合物、樹脂、溶劑、及因應必要添加之上述玻璃粉末、其他添加劑以所定之配合量準備後,使此等混合而可調製本實施型態之膏狀組成物。
又,亦可將樹脂與溶劑預先混合,即先調製有機賦形劑,再使用此有機賦形劑調製本實施型態之膏狀組成物。有機賦形劑,亦可含有上述玻璃粉末或添加劑。惟,有機賦形劑係並非必須含有溶劑,亦可將未以溶劑溶解之樹脂作為有機賦形劑使用。於膏狀組成物中所含有機賦形劑之含有量雖無特別限定,相對於鋁粉末100質量份,係可為30質量份以上100質量份以下。此情形下,易於防止膏狀組成物之印刷性的降低。
於調製本實施型態之膏狀組成物時,可使用習知之混合機或分散
機等。
若使用本實施型態之膏狀組成物,可於半導體基板上形成被膜。例如,可將膏狀組成物塗佈於半導體基板之表面,經燒結而形成上述之被膜。如此形成之被膜,係例如以含有n型摻雜元素所形成之擴散層(例如,n+層)、含有鋁之合金層及鋁之燒結層等而構成之積層體。
以下,將對使用上述膏狀組成物於半導體基板上形成被膜之方法,特別係使用上述膏狀組成物於半導體基板上形成擴散層之方法,進行詳述。
上述半導體基板,係可列舉單結晶矽基板、多結晶矽基板等之結晶矽(Si)基板、鍺基板等。半導體基板係以純度99%以上之矽或純度99%以上之鍺形成而得。抑或,半導體基板可由矽與鍺以任意之比例混合而形成。又,半導體基板可含有作為不純物或添加物之矽或鍺以外之元素。
如上述之半導體基板,例如,可由錠狀切片,而得以形成所需之形狀。半導體基板之厚度並無特別限制,可以因應目的之用途形成所需之厚度。例如半導體基板之厚度係可為150μm以上、550μm以下,特別係適用於太陽能電池之情形下,以150μm以上、250μm以下者為較佳。
半導體基板係可由p型半導體、n型半導體及真性半導體中任一者而形成。例如,若以膏狀組成物形成n+層,將p型之矽基板做為半導體基板時,有利於容易判斷於矽基板所形成之擴散層是否為n+層。
使用上述膏狀組成物於半導體基板上形成被膜時,例如,可以經由下述步驟1~3來進行。
步驟1:將上述膏狀組成物塗佈於半導體基板表面而形成塗膜。
步驟2:進行已形成塗膜之半導體基板的燒成後,進行冷卻處理。
步驟3:進行蝕刻處理。
圖1中,概要地表示了藉由上述步驟1~3於半導體基板形成被膜之方法。又,此圖1中,半導體基板1,係使用p型矽基板(略記為p-Si)(圖1(a)),n型摻雜元素係使用磷元素(P)。
上述步驟1中,將膏狀組成物塗佈於半導體基板表面之方法並無特別限定,例如,可以使用網版印刷、旋轉塗佈法等,但不限定於此等,亦可採用其他方法。對半導體基板之膏狀組成物之塗佈量,例如,可為4mg/cm2以上、12mg/cm2以下。
於步驟1將膏狀組成物塗佈後,藉由進行乾燥處理,可將膏狀組成物中之揮發成份去除。乾燥處理之溫度,例如,可以100℃以上、300℃以下進行。乾燥處理之時間,雖根據膏狀組成物之種類有所不同,例如,若為1分以上、10分以下,即可充分地進行乾燥。
經由如上述之步驟1,如圖1(b)所示,於半導體基板p-Si上,形成膏狀組成物乾燥所形成之塗膜2。
藉由進行步驟2之熱處理(燒成處理),如圖1(c)所示,形成鋁燒結層3a、含鋁合金層3b。圖1之實施型態中,含鋁合金層3b係為鋁與矽之合金層。
此外,藉由上述熱處理(燒成處理)後的冷卻處理,鋁與n型摻雜元素(P)的一部分於矽基板中擴散,此作為不純物層,亦即擴散層3c而形成。所形成之擴散層3c,係n型摻雜元素(P)之濃度較鋁高。因此,擴散層3c作為n+層而形成,形成如圖1(c)之n型之矽基板。
步驟2中燒成之溫度,例如,係可以577℃以上、1200℃
以下之範圍進行,若燒成溫度為此範圍,可以短時間有效率地形成鋁燒結層3a、含鋁合金層3b及擴散層3c。燒成溫度以850℃以上、950℃以下為特佳。
燒成時間,例如,係可為3秒以上、300秒以下,若為此範圍,則可形成所需之被膜,且,由於全體步驟的時間不會變得過長,因此可以效率良好地於半導體基板上形成擴散層。
步驟2之燒成可於空氣環境、氮氣環境之任一者中進行。
步驟2之冷卻處理,冷卻速度及冷卻時之環境溫度並無限定,可以適宜的條件進行冷卻。自然冷卻係室溫,例如,可於25℃之環境溫度中進行。
如圖1(c)所示,藉由上述步驟2,於半導體基板1(p-Si)上,擴散層3c、含鋁合金層3b(鋁與矽之合金層)、鋁燒結層3a由半導體基板1側依此順序積層而形成。
步驟3中,藉由蝕刻將存在於表面的鋁去除。具體而言,係以蝕刻去除藉由步驟2於半導體基板1(p-Si)所形成之鋁燒結層3a、含鋁合金層3b。藉此,如圖1(d)所示,形成於表面具有擴散層3c之半導體基板1。
步驟3之蝕刻處理之條件並無特別限制,例如,可採用習知之蝕刻處理的條件來進行本步驟。例如,可藉由含有KCl、HCl等之蝕刻液,進行蝕刻處理。
如上述,經由步驟1~步驟3形成擴散層之方法,使用含有特定量之選自磷、銻、砷及鉍所成群中1種或2種以上之n型摻雜元素之膏狀組成
物,可容易於半導體基板上形成擴散層。特別是,傳統上,為了形成擴散層,必須進行長時間的熱處理,並且,因批次處理,會有生產力差、必需過剩能量之問題,然而,若使用上述之膏狀組成物,可以短時間容易地形成擴散層。
一般使用熱處理的方式來形成擴散層之情形,係即便加熱至約800℃,固相的矽仍維持為固相。固相矽之n型摻雜元素之熱擴散速度,根據元素種類及溫度,係約為依存物之1μm/hour。相對於此,若使用上述膏狀組成物,例如,將固相矽與鋁以約600℃反應一次而成為液相之矽鋁合金,n型摻雜元素得以立即於液相矽鋁合金中擴散(例如,以約800℃10秒之加熱而擴散至5μm)。之後的冷卻過程中,矽雖再結晶化而形成固體,但一部分的n型摻雜元素留於矽中而形成擴散層。藉此,若使用上述膏狀組成物,將與傳統方法形成擴散層之過程有所不同,由於矽曾一度液相化,故n型摻雜元素可以短時間擴散。
此外,上述膏狀組成物,藉含有特定量之n型摻雜元素,可以簡易方法形成擴散層中n型摻雜元素(例如,磷)濃度特別高的層,亦即n+層。因此,具有如此形成之擴散層的半導體基板,可適用於結晶矽類太陽能電池,而使結晶矽類太陽能電池之發電效率進一步提升。此外,具有如上述擴散層之半導體基板,係可適用於各種領域,例如,亦可適用於pn接合之形成為必需之半導體二極管、半導體電晶體。
圖2中,表示使用本實施型態之膏狀組成物而形成擴散層之方法之別例。本型態亦經由上述之步驟1~步驟3,於半導體基板1上形成擴散層3c。
首先,藉由與上述步驟1同樣的方法,將膏狀組成物塗佈於半導
體基板1上並乾燥而形成塗膜2後(圖2(b)),如圖2(c),將鋁膏塗佈於與半導體基板1之塗膜2所形成面逆側之面,乾燥而形成鋁塗膜4。為了形成此鋁塗膜4之條件,例如,可以與步驟1同樣的條件來進行,但並不限定於此。
此處所使用之鋁膏與上述膏狀組成物係為不同膏體。此鋁膏係通常不含有上述n型摻雜元素,抑或,n型摻雜元素之含有量較上述膏狀組成物為少。亦即,於鋁膏中,含有n型摻雜元素之化合物之前述n型摻雜元素含有量,相對於鋁粉末所含之鋁100質量部,係未滿1.5質量部。又,鋁膏之其他成分,可與上述膏狀組成物相同。
如上述,於半導體基板1之一面形成塗膜2,另一面形成鋁塗膜4後,經由步驟2,於半導體基板1之一面,係於半導體基板1上,擴散層3c、含鋁合金層3b、及鋁燒結層3a,由半導體基板1側依此順序積層並形成與圖1相同。另一方面,於半導體基板1之另一面,擴散層5c、含鋁合金層5b、及鋁燒結層5a,由半導體基板1側依此順序積層並形成(圖2(d))。擴散層5c係於半導體基板1中藉由鋁擴散而形成之層。此擴散層5c係不含有如擴散層3c之n型摻雜元素,抑或即便含有,其含有量亦少於擴散層3c,基於此點而與擴散層3c有所不同。
又,若半導體基板1為矽基板,則含鋁合金層5b係作為鋁與矽之合金層而形成。
其後,若藉由步驟3,將半導體基板1之兩面蝕刻處理而去除含鋁之合金層與鋁燒結層,則可如(圖2(e))一般,得到兩面有擴散層(擴散層3c及擴散層5c)形成之半導體基板1。
如上述所形成之擴散層3c,因由含有特定量n型摻雜元素之膏
狀組成物所形成,故成為n+層。另一方面,擴散層5c,因不含有n型摻雜元素,抑或即便含有,其含有量亦少於擴散層3c,故成為p層。
若經由上述步驟,如圖2般形成擴散層,將可於半導體基板之兩面同時形成擴散層,可以簡單程序於半導體基板形成擴散層。於兩面有擴散層形成之半導體基板,例如,可有效地用於太陽能電池或半導體二極管元件等之用途。
又,步驟3之蝕刻處理,亦可只於其中任一面進行蝕刻處理。
以下藉由實施例更具體地說明本發明,但本發明並非限定於此等實施例之態樣。
(實施例1)
相對於球狀之鋁粉末100質量部,將作為結合劑之有機賦形劑40質量部、作為含有n型摻雜元素化合物之含P2O5及P2O5之玻璃(P2O5-SnO系玻璃料)的混合物20質量部混合。藉此,調製含有磷作為n型摻雜元素之膏狀組成物。又,有機賦形劑係含有乙基纖維素(Dow公司製)1質量部、乙二醇醚系有機溶劑39質量部之混合物。
上述膏狀組成物中,相對於鋁粉末所含鋁100質量部,磷的量係為1.52質量部。
另一方面,相對於球狀之鋁粉末100質量部,將作為結合劑之有機賦形劑40質量部及不含磷之玻璃的B2O3系類玻璃粉2質量部混合。藉此,調製含有非n型摻雜元素之鋁膏。
接著,將上述之膏狀組成物塗佈於切成厚度200μm之p型矽
基板之一面之表面,以100℃~300℃使其乾燥。另一面,與p型矽基板之反面上,將上述之含有非n型摻雜元素之鋁膏,塗佈於塗有膏狀組成物之面之反側面,並於連續爐以最高900℃之燒成溫度,進行含昇溫‧冷卻之60秒的熱處理。進一步,以鹽酸將藉由燒成所生成之p型矽基板兩面之表面上之鋁層去除,得到基板樣本。
(實施例2)
將P2O5及含P2O5玻璃(P2O5-SnO系玻璃料)之混合物變更為28質量部而調製為膏狀組成物,除此以外,以與實施例1相同的方法得到基板樣本。上述膏狀組成物,相對於鋁粉末所含鋁100質量部,磷的量係2.21質量部。
(實施例3)
將P2O5及含P2O5玻璃(P2O5-SnO系玻璃料)之混合物變更為有機磷化合物之聚氧乙烯油基醚磷酸,相對於鋁粉末所含鋁100質量部,有機磷化合物為20質量部,調製成膏狀組成物,除此之外,以與實施例1相同的方法得到基板樣本。上述膏狀組成物,相對於鋁粉末所含鋁100質量部,磷的量係1.58質量部。
(實施例4)
將P2O5及含P2O5玻璃(P2O5-SnO系玻璃料)混合物變更為屬於有機磷化合物之聚氧乙烯油基醚磷酸,相對於鋁粉末所含鋁100質量部,有機磷化合物為40質量部,調製成膏狀組成物,除此之外,以與實施例1相同的方法得到基板樣本。上述膏狀組成物,相對於鋁粉末所含鋁100質量部,磷的量係3.16質量部。
(實施例5)
將P2O5及含P2O5玻璃(P2O5-SnO系玻璃料)混合物變更為無機磷化合物及有機磷化合物之混合物,除此之外,以與實施例1相同的方法得到基板樣本。又,無機磷化合物係P及P2O5及磷酸鋁之混合物,有機磷化合物係聚氧乙烯油基醚磷酸。上述膏狀組成物,相對於鋁粉末所含鋁100質量部,磷的量係為2.77質量部。
(比較例1)
相對於球狀之鋁粉末為100質量部,將作為結合劑之有機賦形劑40質量部、不含磷玻璃(B2O3系玻璃料)2質量部混合,調製成非含磷鋁膏。
接著,將非含磷鋁膏塗佈於切成厚度200μm之p型矽基板之兩面,並於連續爐以最高900℃之燒成溫度,進行含昇溫‧冷卻之60秒的熱處理。進一步,以鹽酸將藉由燒成所生成之p型矽基板兩面之表面上之鋁層去除,得到基板樣本。
(比較例2)
將P2O5及含P2O5玻璃(P2O5-SnO系玻璃料)之混合物變更為7質量部,調製成膏狀組成物,除此之外,以與實施例1相同的方法得到基板樣本。上述膏狀組成物,相對於鋁粉末所含鋁100質量部,磷的量係0.55質量部。
(比較例3)
將P2O5及含P2O5玻璃(P2O5-SnO系玻璃料)之混合物變更為有機磷化合物之聚氧乙烯油基醚磷酸,相對於鋁粉末所含鋁100質量部,有機磷化合物變更為6質量部,調製成膏狀組成物,除此之外,以與實施例1相同
的方法得到基板樣本。上述膏狀組成物中,相對於鋁粉末所含鋁100質量部,磷的量係為0.32質量部。
(擴散層的確認)
將上述實施例及比較例所得之基板樣本,分別使用SunsVoc測定裝置(Sinton Instruments公司製,型號Suns-Voc)進行n層形成的判定。具體而言,藉由照射閃光(隨時間減弱的光)於基板樣本上,將半導體中的電子激發,藉隨時測定衰減之閃光之光強度及因電子激發所產生之電壓變化,進行n層形成的判定。於表1表示其結果。
由表1可知,實施例2~5之基板樣本皆有n層形成。亦即,若
含有n型摻雜元素之化合物中前述n型摻雜元素之含有量,相對於鋁粉末所含鋁100質量部,係1.5質量部以上、1000質量部以下之膏狀組成物,則於半導體基板上形成n層。此外,也確認磷化合物之種類與n型層之形成無關。
另一方面,n型摻雜元素之含有量為上述範圍之外的比較例1~3,並未確認到n層的形成。
於圖3(a)~(c),分別表示將由比較例1、實施例2及實施例5所得之基板樣本,藉由SIMS(二次離子質量分析),進行表面層之元素分布分析之結果圖表。
圖3之S1MS測定結果,係表示深度與原子濃度之關係。此處所指的深度,係將以膏狀組成物或鋁膏塗佈之面的半導體基板表面表記為0。此外,原子濃度係為半導體基板中所摻雜之摻雜元素之濃度,具體而言,係表示鋁之原子濃度與磷之原子濃度。在此,n型摻雜元素之磷原子濃度較p型摻雜元素之鋁原子濃度高時,則成為n層。
如圖3(a)所示,比較例1之基板樣本,未檢測到為n型摻雜元素之磷,而僅檢測到鋁。
另一方面,圖3(b)、(c)中,比起p型摻雜元素之鋁濃度,n型摻雜元素之磷濃度較高,且確認n型層以3.0~6.0μm之深度形成。
又,對於矽或鍺等半導體基板,若使用與磷同樣之形成n型層的摻雜元素之5族元素砷、銻、鉍,預想可得到與上述實施例相同之效果。
Claims (1)
- 一種膏狀組成物,其係於半導體基板上形成被膜用之膏狀組成物,其特徵為其係含有鋁粉末、含有n型摻雜元素之化合物、樹脂、及溶劑,前述n型摻雜元素,係選自磷、銻、砷及鉍所成群中1種或2種以上之元素;前述含有n型摻雜元素之化合物中,前述n型摻雜元素之含有量,相對於前述鋁粉末所含鋁100質量份,係1.5質量份以上、1000質量份以下。
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JP2002075894A (ja) | 2000-09-01 | 2002-03-15 | Sanken Electric Co Ltd | 液状不純物源材料及びこれを使用した半導体装置の製造方法 |
JP4541328B2 (ja) * | 2005-07-22 | 2010-09-08 | 日本合成化学工業株式会社 | リン拡散用塗布液 |
JP5357442B2 (ja) | 2008-04-09 | 2013-12-04 | 東京応化工業株式会社 | インクジェット用拡散剤組成物、当該組成物を用いた電極及び太陽電池の製造方法 |
JP5447397B2 (ja) * | 2010-02-03 | 2014-03-19 | 日立化成株式会社 | p型拡散層形成組成物、p型拡散層の製造方法、及び太陽電池セルの製造方法 |
WO2012005253A1 (ja) * | 2010-07-07 | 2012-01-12 | 日立化成工業株式会社 | 不純物拡散層形成組成物、不純物拡散層の製造方法、及び太陽電池素子の製造方法 |
US20120325307A1 (en) * | 2010-12-16 | 2012-12-27 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Low bow aluminum paste with an alkaline earth metal salt additive for solar cells |
US20130160835A1 (en) * | 2011-12-27 | 2013-06-27 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Back-side electrode of p-type solar cell and method for forming the same |
WO2013115076A1 (ja) * | 2012-02-02 | 2013-08-08 | 東洋アルミニウム株式会社 | ペースト組成物 |
WO2014024297A1 (ja) | 2012-08-09 | 2014-02-13 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 太陽電池の製造方法 |
US9306087B2 (en) * | 2012-09-04 | 2016-04-05 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method for manufacturing a photovoltaic cell with a locally diffused rear side |
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US10446291B2 (en) | 2019-10-15 |
US20180218801A1 (en) | 2018-08-02 |
WO2017057349A1 (ja) | 2017-04-06 |
JP6195597B2 (ja) | 2017-09-13 |
CN107924824A (zh) | 2018-04-17 |
CN107924824B (zh) | 2022-03-29 |
TWI634199B (zh) | 2018-09-01 |
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