CN107889514A - 用于冷却蒸汽轮机的方法 - Google Patents

用于冷却蒸汽轮机的方法 Download PDF

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CN107889514A
CN107889514A CN201680036522.4A CN201680036522A CN107889514A CN 107889514 A CN107889514 A CN 107889514A CN 201680036522 A CN201680036522 A CN 201680036522A CN 107889514 A CN107889514 A CN 107889514A
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steam
cooldown rate
steam turbine
temperature
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CN107889514B (zh
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扬·格雷斯
奥利佛·斯塔瓦尔斯基
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Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
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Siemens AG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F01K13/02Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D21/00Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D21/00Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
    • F01D21/12Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for responsive to temperature
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/08Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
    • F01D25/12Cooling
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F01K13/003Arrangements for measuring or testing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/16Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00Application
    • F05D2220/30Application in turbines
    • F05D2220/31Application in turbines in steam turbines

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种自动化系统,所述自动化系统确定蒸汽轮机(2)的理论上最大的冷却速率并且使蒸汽发生器(6)运行,使得蒸汽的热能既不高于也不低于预设的冷却速率。

Description

用于冷却蒸汽轮机的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于冷却蒸汽轮机的方法,其中蒸汽轮机由来自蒸汽发生器的蒸汽流过,其中确定蒸汽轮机的预设的冷却速率其中确定实际的冷却速率并且与预设的冷却速率比较。
背景技术
蒸汽轮机用在用于产生能量的发电厂设施中。在成功投入运行之后,蒸汽轮机或多或少用于持续运行。然而,需要不时地进行检修。在此必要的是,使蒸汽轮机停止运行并且冷却。为了冷却,常规的实践是,借助于所谓的“强制冷却”冷却蒸汽轮机。“强制冷却”基本上包括三个阶段,其中在第一阶段中进行在功率运行中蒸汽温度降低,并且在关断之后随后进行自然冷却,并且接着借助于环境空气进行“冷抽”,其中经由抽真空装置将空气通过蒸汽轮机抽出。因此,通过在功率运行中降低蒸汽温度来预先冷却蒸汽轮机。蒸汽温度的该降低能够通过使用锅炉吹扫和/或通过降低燃烧功率或者说燃气轮机的功率(在燃气蒸汽联合循环设施的情况下)实现。然而,必须要注意的是,发生蒸汽温度的降低,使得不超过蒸汽轮机的设计极限。为此,蒸汽温度能够以固定的梯度降低。然而,在此不利的是,可能没有完全地用尽预先给定的自由度。这还造成时间损失,其中可能浪费宝贵的燃料。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是,加速用于冷却蒸汽轮机的方法。
所述目的通过独立权利要求1来实现。
据此,根据本发明,使用用于冷却蒸汽轮机的方法,其中蒸汽轮机由来自蒸汽发生器的蒸汽流过,其中确定蒸汽轮机的预设的冷却速率,其中确定实际的冷却速率并且与预设的冷却速率比较,并且使蒸汽发生器运行,使得实际的冷却速率基本上相应于预设的冷却速率。
因此,本发明的主要特征是,考虑进行调节,所述调节从现在起调节蒸汽温度,使得在预设的极限之内进行蒸汽轮机的冷却。
有利的改进方案在从属权利要求中给出。
因此,在有利的第一改进方案中,预设的冷却速率通过有限元法确定,通过测量确定或通过测试确定。
在另一有利的改进方案中,在冷却速率方面考虑蒸汽轮机的构件的温度,所述构件例如是壳体和转子。
此外,所述目的通过一种自动化系统实现,所述自动化系统构成为用于执行根据本发明的方法。
结合实施例的下述说明,本发明的上述特性、特征和优点以及实现这些的方式和方法变得更清楚且更易于理解,所述实施例借助于附图详细阐述。
下面,根据附图描述本发明的实施例。所述附图不按比例地示出,更确切地说用于阐述的视图示以示意的和/或略微失真的形式示出。在对于附图中直接可识别的原理的补充方面参照所附的现有技术。
附图说明
附图示出:
图1示出根据本发明的发电厂设施的示意图。
具体实施方式
发电厂设施1包括蒸汽轮机2,所述蒸汽轮机划分为高压涡轮段3、中压涡轮段4和低压涡轮段5。此外,发电厂设施1包括蒸汽发生器6和冷凝器7,所述冷凝器与低压涡轮段5流体连接。新鲜蒸汽在蒸汽发生器6中产生并且经由新鲜蒸汽管路8流入到高压涡轮段3中,并且从那里经由排出口9流至再热器10。在再热器10中,蒸汽再次达到更高的温度并且接着流入中压涡轮段4中。从那里起,蒸汽经由溢流管路11流至低压涡轮段5并且最后经由废蒸汽管路12流入冷凝器7中。在冷凝器7中,蒸汽冷凝成水并且借助于泵13再引导至蒸汽发生器6。
蒸汽轮机1由来自蒸汽发生器6的蒸汽流过,其中确定蒸汽轮机2的预设的冷却速率此外,确定实际的冷却速率并且与预设的冷却速率比较。这在自动化系统(未示出)中实现。自动化系统将输出信号提供给蒸汽发生器6,这引起蒸汽发生器6运行,使得实际的冷却速率基本上相应于预设的冷却速率在蒸汽轮机控制中,据此形成设计极限,其中计算用于冷却的预设值并且提供给蒸汽发生器6作为信号。该最佳的蒸汽温度在冷却时最佳地充分利用蒸汽轮机2的设计极限。所述设计极限总是检查实际状态并且与允许的极限比较。换言之,借助于自动化系统,当还存在大余量时最佳的蒸汽温度迅速地降低温度,以及当仅还存在少的余量时,例如接近设计极限时,最佳的蒸汽温度缓慢地降低温度。在此考虑蒸汽轮机的温度进而考虑壁温度极限。
通过有限元法,或者通过测量或通过测试,能够确定预设的冷却速率。
尽管在细节上通过优选的实施例详细阐述和描述了本发明,但是本发明不局限于公开的实例,并且本领域技术人员能够从所述实例中推导出其他变型方案,而不脱离本发明的保护范围。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于冷却蒸汽轮机(2)的方法,
其中所述蒸汽轮机(2)由来自蒸汽发生器(6)的蒸汽流过,
其中发生所述蒸汽轮机(2)的温度变化,
其中确定所述蒸汽轮机(2)的预设的冷却速率
其中确定实际的冷却速率并且与所述预设的冷却速率比较,并且根据所述蒸汽轮机(2)的温度变化使所述蒸汽发生器(6)运行,使得所述实际的冷却速率基本上相应于所述预设的冷却速率
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,
其中所述预设的冷却速率通过有限元法确定,通过测量确定或通过测试确定。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,
其中在冷却速率方面考虑所述蒸汽轮机(2)的构件的温度。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,
其中确定在内壁处的温度TI和在外壁处的温度TA,并且温度差TA-TI既不高于也不低于预设的极限值ΔTAI
5.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,
其中使所述蒸汽发生器(6)运行,使得进行锅炉吹扫和/或改变燃烧,使得降低所述蒸汽发生器(6)的功率。
6.一种自动化系统,
其构成为用于执行根据权利要求1至5所述的方法。
CN201680036522.4A 2015-06-24 2016-06-08 用于冷却蒸汽轮机的方法 Active CN107889514B (zh)

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EP15173619.6 2015-06-24
EP15173619.6A EP3109418A1 (de) 2015-06-24 2015-06-24 Verfahren zum abkühlen einer dampfturbine
PCT/EP2016/062963 WO2016206972A1 (de) 2015-06-24 2016-06-08 Verfahren zum abkühlen einer dampfturbine

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EP3280884B1 (de) 2021-07-28
US20180163572A1 (en) 2018-06-14
EP3280884A1 (de) 2018-02-14
CN107889514B (zh) 2020-02-21
WO2016206972A1 (de) 2016-12-29
JP2018523048A (ja) 2018-08-16
KR20180019210A (ko) 2018-02-23
KR102055378B1 (ko) 2019-12-12
US10422251B2 (en) 2019-09-24

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