CN107884549B - The sandbox physics facility and analogy method of simulated formation deformational characteristics - Google Patents
The sandbox physics facility and analogy method of simulated formation deformational characteristics Download PDFInfo
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- CN107884549B CN107884549B CN201711159302.3A CN201711159302A CN107884549B CN 107884549 B CN107884549 B CN 107884549B CN 201711159302 A CN201711159302 A CN 201711159302A CN 107884549 B CN107884549 B CN 107884549B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the sandbox physics facilities and analogy method of simulated formation deformational characteristics, wherein the sandbox physics facility of simulated formation deformational characteristics includes removable testing stand, high-temperature closed chamber, high temperature liquid injection system, high-pressure gas injection system, removable testing stand is by testing stand main body, Moveable telescopic testing stand is constituted, it is arranged on table top and camera support is adjusted, the platform leg of Moveable telescopic testing stand carries universal wheel, the square mesa of Moveable telescopic testing stand and the rectangular through groove of testing stand main body table top are slidably connected, high-temperature closed chamber is set in square mesa, the case top of high-temperature closed chamber and tank wall are transparent；Camera is located at the top of high-temperature closed chamber, by pulling Moveable telescopic testing stand, adjusts camera and is in the position above high-temperature closed chamber, camera connects computer.The present invention can concentrate kinds of experiments, adapt to diversification and complicated diapir simulated experiment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to stratum deformation structures inside oil-gas bearing basin in structural geology and petroleum geology research field
The sandbox physical simulation experiment device of feature, and in particular to the sandbox physics facility and mould of simulated formation deformational characteristics
Quasi- method.
Background technology
Due to long-term tectonic activity, fracture, dipiric structure and hydraulic rupture phenomenon are often developed in high temperature and pressure basin,
There is apparent control action for the oil-gas possibility in basin, frequently as the key area of oil-gas exploration.But due to construction
The limitation of complexity and exploration means so that be difficult to accurately identify the confusion region of dipiric structure during geophysical exploration
Region is developed with hydraulic rupture, cannot usually react true geological condition well, the exploration of oil gas has been seriously affected and has opened
Hair.
The case where oil-gas migration and aggregation, is extremely complex in high temperature and pressure basin, and stratum is by overburden, plate in basin
Block moves or mantle plume influence causes the change of lithosome stress field to deform, and forms fold or fracture, the structural evolution of fracture
There is control action to deposition, also there is transformation effect to first depositing geologic body, therefore be broken source rock and reservoir to Hydrocarbon Formation Reservoirs
There is important control action.In addition high temperature fluid can lead to the development of dipiric structure, and the Fluid pressure meeting that intrabasinal exception is high
It is the main thoroughfare of fluid migration to lead to the generation of hydraulic rupture, the microfissure and hydraulic fracture of diapir and its association.Wherein, exist
During seismic prospecting, fracture is relatively easy to identify, but dipiric structure is often shown as capsule in common seismic reflection profile uplink
The fuzzy band of shape, and hydraulic rupture usually None- identified.Therefore, it is necessary to which the mineralizing evolution and development to hot-fluid dipiric structure are special
Sign carries out in-depth study.Currently, separate unit sandbox physical simulation experiment device can realize this analoglike reality not yet both at home and abroad
It tests.
Based on the needs of real oil-gas exploration, the simulation for stratum deformation construction feature under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions is more aobvious
It obtains urgently.
Invention content
It is an object of the present invention to provide the sandbox physics facility of simulated formation deformational characteristics, this simulations
The sandbox physics facility of stratum deformation construction feature can simulate single dipiric structure, also may be used under an experiment condition
To simulate the development characteristics of all living creatures's dipiric structure, phase development diapir can be both simulated, the bottom of development of more phases time can also be simulated
Ward off construction；It is a further object to provide the moulds of the sandbox physics facility of this simulated formation deformational characteristics
Quasi- method.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is：The sandbox of this simulated formation deformational characteristics
Physics facility includes removable testing stand, high-temperature closed chamber, high temperature liquid injection system, high-pressure gas injection system, is moved
Testing stand is made of testing stand main body, Moveable telescopic testing stand, and testing stand main body includes table top and holder, and table top has side
Shape through groove, holder are arranged on the both sides of table top, table top setting and camera support, the platform leg of Moveable telescopic testing stand are adjusted
Lower end carries universal wheel, and the square mesa of Moveable telescopic testing stand connects with the rectangular through groove sliding of testing stand main body table top
It connects, high-temperature closed chamber is set in square mesa, and the case top of high-temperature closed chamber and tank wall are transparent；Adjustable phase
Machine support includes strut, adjusts sleeve, adjusts sleeve and is threadedly coupled with strut, and cross bar setting is on adjusting sleeve, camera peace
On cross bar, camera is located at the top of high-temperature closed chamber, by pulling Moveable telescopic testing stand, adjusts photograph
Machine is in the position above high-temperature closed chamber, and camera connects computer；
The probe of high-precision electronic temperature pressure meter is out of, case tip cutting enters high-temperature closed chamber sandstone layer, high-temperature closed experiment
Bottom plate is uniformly distributed 12 drillings, one unidirectional feed liquor anti-drip valve of each drilling matching, each unidirectionally feed liquor anti-drip valve with
High temperature liquid injection system is connected, and adjustable thermostatic heater is laid on high-temperature closed chamber bottom plate, and high-pressure gas injection system connects
Connect high-temperature closed chamber.
Said program high temperature liquid injection system includes continous way fluid heater, and continous way fluid heater passes through high temperature resistant
Woven hose connects unidirectional feed liquor anti-drip valve, and setting high viscosity current stabilization pumps on every high temperature woven hose, and continous way fluid heater is set
It is equipped with fluid flowmeter.
Said program mesohigh gas injection system includes gas cushion, and gas cushion connects high-pressure pump, gas buffer
Device also connects one-way air inlet anti-drip valve by high voltage tolerant input tracheae, and one-way air inlet anti-drip valve is arranged in high-temperature closed chamber,
Gas flow rate table is installed, gas cushion is provided with air gauge in one-way air inlet anti-drip valve.
Said program bottom plate is aluminium alloy plate, and anti-clogging drain valve is arranged on bottom plate.
Exhaust pressure relief valve is set on said program raising middle flask top.
The analogy method of the sandbox physics facility of above-mentioned simulated formation deformational characteristics：
Sandstone layer is simulated using different grain size quartz sand, clay simulates shale layer, and quartz sand is laid on high-temperature closed examination
In tryoff, clay is laid on quartz sand, and according to the dipiric structure type of pre-simulated, the type of choice experiment fluid selects mud
Slurry, honey, silica gel are one such to simulate one kind in mud diaper, fluid diapir, salt diapir, according to high temperature and pressure basin
Actual conditions preset the temperature, pressure condition of experimental simulation；After water heating reaches predetermined temperature in continous way fluid heater,
It is injected into the sandstone layer of chamber, water volume flow rate is controlled with unidirectional feed liquor anti-drip valve and fluid flowmeter, when being full of in sandstone
After water, stop water filling；
Gas is injected at the top of high-temperature closed chamber using gas current stabilization pump, gas is accumulative to a certain extent, shale layer
As capping layer, make to generate superpressure inside sandstone layer, while sandstone layer inside temperature in real time is detected using high-precision electronic temperature pressure meter
Degree, pressure stop injection gas, and open adjustable thermostatic heater, make examination after temperature, pressure reach experiment preset value
Test the temperature inside the box, pressure is kept constant；One or several unidirectional feed liquor anti-drip valves are opened in selection, by the deployed reality of selection
It tests fluid to be rapidly injected in sandstone layer from high-temperature closed chamber bottom plate using high viscosity current stabilization pump, simulates the formation of dipiric structure
Process；
In experimentation, by the development period for rushing note speed and time control diapir for adjusting fluid；It is initial from experiment
Select continous way shooting video or discontinuous shooting photo record experimentation and result；
After the completion of experiment, high pressure gas is excluded by relief valve, high-temperature closed chamber is opened, using watering can to model sand
Body sprays styling agent, to the structural configuration and feature inside model slice observation, analyzes experimental result, records.
The invention has the advantages that：
1, the present invention provides high-temperature and high-pressure conditions can be arranged according to practical geological condition, simulated formation deformation generates
The sandbox physical simulation experiment device of dipiric structure and the mineralizing evolution and development characteristics of association fracture.
2, the present invention can concentrate kinds of experiments, can adapt to diversification and complicated diapir simulated experiment,
Fluid type is injected by adjusting, multiple types dipiric structure can be simulated, such as mud diaper, fluid diapir, salt diapir.Primary
Under experiment condition, single dipiric structure can be simulated, the development characteristics of all living creatures's dipiric structure can also be simulated, can both simulate one
Phase develops diapir, can also simulate the dipiric structure of development of more phases time, so that the utilization rate of test material is improved, and saved experiment
Time effectively reduces experimental cost and reduces occupied space, the diversification of economical and model, multi-functional feature.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is whole structural schematic diagram of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the removable testing stand schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is high-temperature closed chamber schematic diagram of the present invention.
In figure：1 removable testing stand；2 adjustable camera supports；3 high-temperature closed chambers；4 fixed links；5 unidirectionally into
Gas anti-drip valve；6 gas flow rate tables；7 high-precision electronic temperature pressure meters；8 exhaust pressure relief valves；9 unidirectional feed liquor anti-drip valves；10 anti-cloggings
Drain valve；11 adjustable thermostatic heaters；12 high temperature resistant woven hoses；13 continous way fluid heaters；14 high viscosity current stabilizations
Pump；15 fluid flowmeters；16 high voltage tolerant input tracheaes；17 gas cushions；18 high-pressure pumps；19 air gauges；20 cameras；21
Computer；101 testing stand main bodys；102 Moveable telescopic testing stands；301 tank walls；302 casees tops；303 bottom plates.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings：
As shown in Figure 1, the sandbox physics facility of this simulated formation deformational characteristics includes removable testing stand
1, high-temperature closed chamber 3, high temperature liquid injection system, high-pressure gas injection system, electronic monitoring and control system.High-temperature closed chamber 3 is arranged
In in the square mesa of Moveable telescopic testing stand 102, the case top 302 of high-temperature closed chamber 3 and tank wall 301 are transparent
's；It is arranged on the table top of testing stand main body 101 and camera support 2 is adjusted, camera 20 is located at the upper of high-temperature closed chamber 3
Side adjusts the position that camera 20 is in 3 top of high-temperature closed chamber, shines by pulling Moveable telescopic testing stand 102
Camera 20 connects computer 21；The probe of high-precision electronic temperature pressure meter 7 is inserted into the sandstone of high-temperature closed chamber 3 from case top 302
In layer, 3 bottom plate 303 of high-temperature closed chamber is uniformly distributed 12 drillings, one unidirectional feed liquor anti-drip valve 9 of each drilling matching,
Each unidirectional feed liquor anti-drip valve 9 is connected with high temperature liquid injection system, and adjustable thermostatic heater 11 is laid on high-temperature closed examination
On 3 bottom plate 303 of tryoff, high-pressure gas injection system connects high-temperature closed chamber 3.
Removable testing stand 1 includes testing stand main body 101, Moveable telescopic testing stand 102 and adjustable camera support
2.As shown in Fig. 2, wherein testing stand main body 101 is used to embed Moveable telescopic testing stand 102, and carry high-temperature closed experiment
Case 3 and adjustable camera support 2,
Testing stand main body 101 includes table top and holder, and there is table top rectangular through groove, holder to be arranged in the both sides of table top, platform
It is arranged on face and camera support 2 is adjusted, the platform leg lower end of Moveable telescopic testing stand 102 carries universal wheel, removable to stretch
The square mesa of contracting formula testing stand 102 and the rectangular through groove of 101 table top of testing stand main body are slidably connected, and camera support 2 is adjusted
Including strut, sleeve is adjusted, sleeve is adjusted and is threadedly coupled with strut, on adjusting sleeve, camera 20 is mounted on for cross bar setting
On cross bar.
101 table top iron and steel material quality of testing stand main body, whole is in concave, and as shown in Fig. 2, along side, long side direction is cut
Ceding of Taiwan face, vacant square space is for embedding Moveable telescopic testing stand 102, in the fixedly adjustable section camera of another long side direction
Holder 2；Removable testing stand 102 is for moving and placing high-temperature closed chamber 3, iron and steel material quality；Adjustable camera support 2 is used
In fixed camera 20, shooting disharmonic extension is as a result, horizontal extension amount 0-1.2m, 0-360 ° of horizontal extension angle, vertically
Stroke 0-1m, iron and steel material quality.
High-temperature closed chamber 3 is used for sandbox physical simulation experiment, mainly by babinet, fixed link 4, one-way air inlet anti-drip valve
5, gas flow rate table 6, high-precision electronic temperature pressure meter 7, exhaust pressure relief valve 8, unidirectional feed liquor anti-drip valve 9,10 and of anti-clogging drain valve
Adjustable thermostatic heater 11 is constituted.As shown in figure 3, high-temperature closed chamber 3 is by high temperature high voltage resistant glass and aluminium alloy plate
Composition, tank wall 301 and top plate are glass board material, are in progress convenient for observation experiment, and bottom plate 303 is aluminum alloy material, as shown in Figure 1,
To ensure the closed of chamber and stablizing, case top 302 is one piece of top plate, and case top 302 is connected simultaneously with bottom plate 303 by fixed link 4
It is fixed on Moveable telescopic testing stand 102.As shown in Fig. 2, case top 302 drills, equipped with one-way air inlet anti-drip valve 5, gas
8 three tachograph 6, high-precision electronic temperature pressure meter 7, exhaust pressure relief valve accessories.One-way air inlet anti-drip valve 5 connects high-pressure gas injection system
System detects fluid flow rate for injecting gas, and by gas flow rate table 6；7 probe of high-precision electronic temperature pressure meter gos deep into sandstone layer
It is interior, monitor temperature, pressure in sandstone layer in real time；After experiment, high pressure gas is excluded using exhaust pressure relief valve 8.Bottom plate 303 is equal
12 drillings of even distribution（There are 4 rows along babinet length direction, often arranges 3 drillings）, one unidirectional feed liquor leakproof of each drilling matching
Valve 9, valve are directly connected with high temperature liquid injection system, optionally open one or several valves and carry out fluid injection.In addition, bottom
Plate 303 separately sets an anti-clogging drain valve 10, for experiment after surplus liquid is discharged.Chamber bottom plate 303 is from top to bottom
It is laid with adjustable thermostatic heater 11, heater size and bottom plate 303 are in the same size, can freely set heating temperature, and keep
Temperature constant state.
High temperature liquid injection system includes high temperature resistant woven hose 12, continous way fluid heater 13, high viscosity current stabilization pump 14, fluid
Flowmeter 15.As shown in Figure 1,12 one end of high temperature resistant woven hose and the unidirectional feed liquor anti-drip valve 9 of blocking test bottom plate 303 are direct
It is connected, the other end is connected with continous way fluid heater 13, defeated by high temperature resistant after water is heated to predetermined temperature in the heater
Liquid pipe 12 and high viscosity current stabilization pump 14 are injected into the sandstone layer preset in closed high-temperature test chamber.Fluid flowmeter 15 and company
Continuous formula fluid heater 13 is connected, for monitoring the speed and flow in water injection testing case.During injecting fluid, to note
Meaning fluid flow rate, the excessively high form for sand body in failure test case of flow velocity.After default experiment condition to be achieved, by continous way fluid
Water in heater 13 is changed to Experimental Flowing Object, such as mud, honey, silica gel, according to experimental program, selects the valve of fluid injection
Door and flow velocity, remaining valve are closed.
High-pressure gas injection system is made of high voltage tolerant input tracheae 16, gas cushion 17, high-pressure pump 18 and air gauge 19.
As shown in Figure 1, high voltage tolerant input tracheae 16 is connected with blocking test box top one-way air inlet anti-drip valve 5, when being full of water in sandstone layer
Afterwards, start to inject gas at the top of chamber.Gas is introduced by high-pressure pump 18 17 in gas cushion, gas buffer
Device 17 is the plastic containers of an empty cylinder, and capacity 60L, effect is that the pressure of gas and flow velocity is made to keep stablizing, and is prevented
Only gas pressure is excessive or improves too fast breaking test sand body, air gauge 19 is connected on 17 top of gas cushion, to examine
The pressure in gas cushion 17 is surveyed, it can releasing pressure automatically when pressure is excessive.
Electronic monitoring and control system is made of camera 20 and computer 21, as shown in Figure 1, will using camera support 2 is adjusted
Camera 20 is fixed on right over blocking test case, and camera 20 is connected with computer 21, according to specific experiment needs,
From experiment initial selected continous way shooting video or discontinuous shooting photo record experimentation and result.Camera 20 can be horizontal
And vertical direction movement.
The specific work process of the present apparatus is：
The first step, according to the practical scale in basin, according to 1：105Scale smaller obtains the size of experimental model, according to reality
Border basin fill formation thickness and form are laid with experiment sand body, and wherein quartz sand simulates sandstone layer, and clay simulates shale layer, according to
The dipiric structure type of pre-simulated, the type of choice experiment fluid, such as mud, honey, silica gel, according to high temperature and pressure basin
Actual conditions preset the temperature, pressure condition of experimental simulation；
Second step makes sandstone layer be full of water using the water filling into the sandstone layer of blocking test case of high temperature liquid injection system, this mistake
Cheng Zhong pays attention to controlling waterflood injection rate to keep sand body morphology unaffected, while keeping sand using adjustable thermostatic heater 11
Temperature is stablized in rock stratum, then injects gas into chamber from top by high-pressure gas injection system, utilizes the compressible of gas
Property, compaction effect is formed to experiment sand body, by electronics temperature pressure meter, monitors sandstone layer internal temperature pressure change in real time,
After reaching default experiment condition, stop gas injection；
Third walks, and starts to test, by deployed Experimental Flowing Object using high viscosity current stabilization pump 14 by valve from chamber
Bottom plate 303 is rapidly injected in sand body, can be selected to open one or several valves while inject more to simulate according to experimental program
The development of type dipiric structure, during this, available camera 20 is continuously or discontinuously shot, and records experimentation；
4th step, after experiment, open top part relief valve and bottom discharge valve exclude high pressure gas and surplus liquid,
Styling agent is sprayed to model sand body using watering can, you can to the structural configuration and feature inside model slice observation.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Any one skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, the change or replacement that can be readily occurred in,
It should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.Those skilled in the art is appreciated that without departing substantially from appended right
It is required that in the case of the spirit and scope of the present invention of definition, various modifications can be made in form and detail.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of sandbox physics facility of simulated formation deformational characteristics, it is characterised in that：This simulated formation deformation
The sandbox physics facility of construction feature includes removable testing stand（1）, high-temperature closed chamber（3）, high temperature liquid injection system,
High-pressure gas injection system moves testing stand（1）By testing stand main body（101）, Moveable telescopic testing stand（102）It constitutes, examination
Test platform main body（101）Including table top and holder, table top has rectangular through groove, and holder is arranged to be arranged on the both sides of table top, table top
Adjustable camera support（2）, Moveable telescopic testing stand（102）Platform leg lower end carry universal wheel, Moveable telescopic
Testing stand（102）Square mesa and testing stand main body（101）The rectangular through groove of table top is slidably connected, high-temperature closed chamber
（3）It is set in square mesa, high-temperature closed chamber（3）Case top（302）And tank wall（301）It is transparent；Adjustable phase
Machine support（2）Including strut, sleeve is adjusted, sleeve is adjusted and is threadedly coupled with strut, cross bar setting is on adjusting sleeve, camera
（20）On cross bar, camera（20）Positioned at high-temperature closed chamber（3）Top, pass through pull Moveable telescopic examination
Test platform（102）, adjust camera（20）In high-temperature closed chamber（3）The position of top, camera（20）Connect computer
（21）；
High-precision electronic temperature pressure meter（7）Probe from case top（302）It is inserted into high-temperature closed chamber（3）Sandstone layer in, high temperature
Close test bottom plate（303）12 drillings are uniformly distributed, one unidirectional feed liquor anti-drip valve of each drilling matching（9）, Mei Gedan
To feed liquor anti-drip valve（9）It is connected with high temperature liquid injection system, adjustable thermostatic heater（11）It is laid on high-temperature closed experiment
Bottom plate（303）On, high-pressure gas injection system connects high-temperature closed chamber（3）.
2. the sandbox physics facility of simulated formation deformational characteristics according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute
The high temperature liquid injection system stated includes continous way fluid heater（13）, continous way fluid heater（13）Pass through high temperature resistant woven hose
（12）Connect unidirectional feed liquor anti-drip valve（9）, every high temperature resistant woven hose（12）Upper setting high viscosity current stabilization pump（14）, continous way stream
Body heater（13）It is provided with fluid flowmeter（15）.
3. the sandbox physics facility of simulated formation deformational characteristics according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Institute
The high-pressure gas injection system stated includes gas cushion（17）, gas cushion（17）Connect high-pressure pump（18）, gas cushion
（17）Also pass through high voltage tolerant input tracheae（16）Connect one-way air inlet anti-drip valve（5）, one-way air inlet anti-drip valve（5）Setting is close in high temperature
Close chamber（3）On, one-way air inlet anti-drip valve（5）Upper installation gas flow rate table（6）, gas cushion（17）It is provided with air gauge
（19）.
4. the sandbox physics facility of simulated formation deformational characteristics according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：Institute
The bottom plate stated（303）For aluminium alloy plate, bottom plate（303）Upper setting anti-clogging drain valve（10）.
5. the sandbox physics facility of simulated formation deformational characteristics according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：Institute
The case top stated（302）Upper setting exhaust pressure relief valve（8）.
6. the mould of the sandbox physics facility of the simulated formation deformational characteristics described in a kind of Claims 2 or 3 or 4 or 5
Quasi- method, it is characterised in that：
Sandstone layer is simulated using different grain size quartz sand, clay simulates shale layer, quartz sand is laid on high-temperature closed chamber
（3）In, clay is laid on quartz sand, and according to the dipiric structure type of pre-simulated, the type of choice experiment fluid selects mud
Slurry, honey, silica gel are one such to simulate one kind in mud diaper, fluid diapir, salt diapir, according to high temperature and pressure basin
Actual conditions preset the temperature, pressure condition of experimental simulation；By continous way fluid heater（13）Middle water heating reaches pre- constant temperature
After degree, be injected into the sandstone layer of chamber, when sandstone is embezzled it is aqueous after, stop water filling；
It is pumped from high-temperature closed chamber using gas current stabilization（3）Gas is injected at top, and gas is accumulative to a certain extent, and shale layer is made
For capping layer, make to generate superpressure inside sandstone layer, while utilizing high-precision electronic temperature pressure meter（7）It detects warm in real time inside sandstone layer
Degree, pressure stop injection gas, and open adjustable thermostatic heater after temperature, pressure reach experiment preset value（11）,
Experiment the temperature inside the box, pressure is set to keep constant；One or several unidirectional feed liquor anti-drip valves are opened in selection（9）, by the tune of selection
The Experimental Flowing Object prepared is pumped using high viscosity current stabilization（14）From high-temperature closed chamber bottom plate（303）It is rapidly injected in sandstone layer,
Simulate the forming process of dipiric structure；
In experimentation, by the development period for rushing note speed and time control diapir for adjusting fluid；From experiment initial selected
Continous way shoots video or discontinuous shooting photo record experimentation and result；
After the completion of experiment, high pressure gas is excluded by relief valve, opens high-temperature closed chamber（3）, using watering can to model sand
Body sprays styling agent, to the structural configuration and feature inside model slice observation, analyzes experimental result, records.
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