CN108131130A - To the analysis method and its device of gas well mouth casing annulus pressure monitoring data - Google Patents
To the analysis method and its device of gas well mouth casing annulus pressure monitoring data Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
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- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of analysis methods and its device to gas well mouth casing annulus pressure monitoring data, are related to oil-gas field development wellbore integrity field, and the analysis method to gas well mouth casing annulus pressure monitoring data includes：The data one for obtaining gas well mouth annular pressure and changing with time are measured by practical；Obtain casing programme parameter, temperature in wellbore parameter and the gas property parameter of gas well；Data one, the casing programme parameter of gas well, temperature in wellbore parameter, gas property parameter and scheduled well head annular pressure predictive calculation model that annular pressure changes with time are fitted to obtain cement permeability, near wellbore formation pressure, initial gas column height；Liquid-column height is obtained based on initial gas column height；Maximum well head annular pressure is obtained based on liquid-column height, near wellbore formation pressure；Etc..The application can carry out effective quantitative analysis to annular pressure, and the formulation for annular pressure rule of management provides foundation.
Description
Technical field
It is more particularly to a kind of to gas well mouth casing annulus pressure the present invention relates to oil-gas field development wellbore integrity field
The analysis method and its device of monitoring data.
Background technology
In gas well liquid loading operational process, especially for gas well at HTHP, it is universal that well head annular space continues phenomenon with pressure,
The safety of serious threat personnel, environment and pit shaft.According to the source of annular pressure, annular pressure can be divided into two types：(1) by
Cause in temperature raising, natural gas bulging, fluid expanded by heating in a limited space, leads to ring in oil jacket annular space and casing annulus
Pneumatics power rises；(2) since natural gas leaking causes annular pressure to increase, mainly including tubing string, casing string seal failure and
Cement sheath seal failure.Wherein, it for first kind annular pressure, can be solved by reducing yield or using heat-insulating material；
It must then adopt an effective measure in pit shaft design and producing for the second class annular pressure, formulate reasonable operation regulation to solve
Certainly.
Reasonable analysis well head annular pressure data provide foundation for the annular pressure management measure of formulation science.Needle at present
To gas well annular space phenomenon with pressure, production of hydrocarbons scene takes certain measure.Such as API RP 90 and API RP 90-2 standard scores
The computational methods of marine and each annular space of Land petroleum well well head maximum allowable operating pressure are not defined；Anders etc. (2008)
In SPE meeting papers《Prudhoe Bay Well P215Surface Casing Collapse》Described in (SPE 116771)
The design of string pipe principle of the raising wellbore integrity at Alaska Prudhoe Bay scene：Design maximum acceptable value A with pressure
Annular space is 2000psi, and B annular spaces are 1000psi, and subsequent annular space is 500psi.These operations are understood by in-situ data investigation
Regulation is artificially subjective, the feature not formed with reference to annular pressure.
For well head annular pressure, domestic scholars have studied prediction model, such as《Petroleum journal》In the document of 2015《It is deep
Aqueous hydrocarbon well recovery process annular pressure is predicted and analysis》, this article for annular pressure caused by annular fluid thermal expansion, according to
The conservation of energy and the heat transfer of multi-layer cylinder wall propose the iterative calculation method of annular pressure.However, cause well for gas leakage
Mouth annular pressure, is having not seen the analysis method in relation to field monitoring data to analyze annular pressure at present, so as to formulate effectively
Management measure.
Invention content
In order to overcome the drawbacks described above of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved is that provide one kind for the embodiment of the present invention
To the analysis method and its device of gas well mouth casing annulus pressure monitoring data, it is effectively fixed that annular pressure can be carried out
Amount analysis, the formulation for annular pressure rule of management provide foundation.
The specific technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention is：
A kind of analysis method to gas well mouth casing annulus pressure monitoring data includes the following steps：
The data one for obtaining gas well mouth annular pressure and changing with time are measured by practical；
Obtain casing programme parameter, temperature in wellbore parameter and the gas property parameter of gas well；
Data one, the casing programme parameter of the gas well, the temperature in wellbore ginseng that the annular pressure is changed with time
Number, gas property parameter and scheduled well head annular pressure predictive calculation model are fitted with obtaining cement permeability, nearly well
Stressor layer, initial gas column height；
Liquid-column height is obtained based on the initial gas column height；
Maximum well head annular pressure is obtained based on the liquid-column height, the near wellbore formation pressure；
Based on the cement permeability, the near wellbore formation pressure, the initial gas column height, initial gas column height and institute
Maximum loop pneumatics power required time must be reached by stating scheduled well head annular pressure predictive calculation model；
Based on the cement permeability, the near wellbore formation pressure, the liquid-column height, the maximum well head annular pressure
The data two that annular pressure changes over time are obtained with the scheduled well head annular pressure predictive calculation model；
The data two that are changed over time based on the annular pressure, the near wellbore formation pressure, the cement permeability, institute
It states initial gas column height and the data that gas leakage flow changes over time is calculated in the liquid-column height；
It is changed over time according to the cement permeability and/or the near wellbore formation pressure and/or the annular pressure
The data that data two and/or the maximum well head annular pressure/or gas leakage flow change over time obtain gas well mouth ring
Empty pressure diagnostic and the conclusion of analysis.
In a preferred embodiment, gas well mouth annular pressure is obtained at any time by practical measurement in step
In the data one of variation, continuous monitoring well mouth annular pressure disposably establishes gas well mouth annular pressure during this at any time
Variation data one, cannot be carried out during monitoring pressure release, closing well operation.
In a preferred embodiment, the casing programme parameter of the gas well, the temperature in wellbore parameter and described
Gas property parameter includes：The outer layer of wellhead temperature, annular space after vertical depth well depth, depth measurement well depth, bottom hole temperature (BHT), production are stable
The density of completion fluid and the compressed coefficient in casing inner diameter and inner layer sleeve outer diameter, annular space, the gas viscosity under bottom hole temperature (BHT) pressure,
Gas density and Gas Compression Factor, cement return height.
In a preferred embodiment, it is the data one that the annular pressure change with time in step, described
Casing programme parameter, temperature in wellbore parameter, gas property parameter and the scheduled well head annular pressure predictive calculation model of gas well
It is fitted to obtain in cement permeability, near wellbore formation pressure, initial gas column height, the scheduled well head annular pressure prediction
Analytic modell analytical model well head annular pressure is as the time △ needed for the annular pressure P0 of initial time increases to the annular pressure Pw of t moment
The calculation formula of t is：
Wherein,B=0.00981 ρmLf,Ti、
Tw represents bottom hole temperature (BHT) and wellhead temperature, unit K respectively；Zi represents the compressibility factor of gas under downhole condition；μiFor shaft bottom
Under the conditions of gas viscosity, unit mPa.s；K represents cement permeability, unit 10-9m2；A is annular space sectional area, and unit is
m2；P0, Pw are respectively the annular pressure of initial time zero moment and t moment, unit MPa；Lc represents cement top to shaft bottom
Length, unit m；ρ m represent density of completion fluids, unit g/cm3；Lg represents initial gas column height, unit m；Lf is represented
The height of completion fluid column in annular space, unit m, Lf return high relationship according to vertical depth well depth, initial gas column height and cement and represent,
Lf=H-Lg-Lc, H represent well depth, unit m；Initial volumes of the Vm for completion fluid column, Vm=LfA, unit m3；Pf is
Near wellbore formation pressure, unit MPa；Cm be the completion fluid compressed coefficient, unit MPa-1。
In a preferred embodiment, scheduled well head annular pressure predictive calculation model and measured data are carried out
Fitting, fit object function are missed for the estimated value of scheduled well head annular pressure predictive calculation model and the root mean square of measured data
Difference reaches minimum, and restrictive condition is that fitting parameter is positive value, and the calculation formula of fit object function is as follows：
Wherein, Y' represents model predication value n-dimensional vector, and Y is the vector that n measured data point is formed, and RMSE represents fitting
Object function.
In a preferred embodiment, it is obtained most based on the liquid-column height, the near wellbore formation pressure in step
In big well head annular pressure, calculation formula is as follows：
Pmax=Pf-0.00981·ρmLf
Wherein, Pmax represents maximum well head annular pressure, unit MPa；Pf be near wellbore formation pressure, unit MPa；Lf
Represent the height of completion fluid column in annular space, unit m, ρ m represent density of completion fluids, unit g/cm3.
In a preferred embodiment, it is based on the cement permeability, the near wellbore formation pressure, described in step
Liquid-column height, the maximum well head annular pressure and the scheduled well head annular pressure predictive calculation model obtain annular pressure
In the data two changed over time, by the cement permeability, the near wellbore formation pressure, the liquid-column height, the maximum
Well head annular pressure is substituted into the scheduled well head annular pressure predictive calculation model, by certain increment in (0, Pmax) range
Interior given different annular pressure value, calculates the corresponding time, so as to obtain the data two that annular pressure changes over time respectively.
In a preferred embodiment, it is the data two that are changed over time based on the annular pressure in step, described
Gas leakage stream is calculated near wellbore formation pressure, the cement permeability, the initial gas column height and the liquid-column height
It measures in the data that change over time, by the near wellbore formation pressure, the cement permeability, the initial gas column height and described
Liquid-column height substitutes into the following formula the gas flow calculated under different annular pressure Pw, so as to obtain gas leakage flow at any time
Between the data that change, formula is as follows：
Wherein, QscRepresent mark condition gas flow, unit m3/s；TscRepresent mark condition temperature, unit 273.5K；PscFor
Mark condition pressure, unit 0.1MPa；K represents cement permeability, unit 10-9m2；A be annular space sectional area, unit m2；μiFor
Gas viscosity under downhole condition, unit mPa.s；Zi represents the compressibility factor of gas under downhole condition；Ti represents shaft bottom temperature
Degree, unit K；Lc represents cement top to the length in shaft bottom, unit m；Pf be near wellbore formation pressure, unit MPa；Pw is
The annular pressure of t moment, unit MPa；Lf represents the height of completion fluid column in annular space, unit m；ρ m represent that completion is liquid-tight
Degree, unit g/cm3。
In a preferred embodiment, in step according to the cement permeability and/or the near wellbore formation pressure
And/or the data two that change over time of the annular pressure and/or the maximum well head annular pressure/or gas leakage flow with
The data of time change are obtained in the conclusion of the diagnosis of gas well mouth annular pressure and analysis, specially：When cement permeability is more than
During the first preset value of permeability of Behavior of Hardened Cement Paste matrix, then it can judge that there are problems for the well cement ring leakproofness accordingly；When nearly well
When stressor layer is more than the second preset value with the practical gas reservoir differing pressure in the area, then the initial position of real gas leakage is can determine whether simultaneously
It is non-to be located at studied layer position；Maximum well head annular pressure then provides foundation to check the pressure-bearing safety coefficient of tubing string；The ring
Second the data that the data two and/or the annular pressure that pneumatics power changes over time change over time are the opportunity to take some countermeasures
Foundation is provided with risk management measure.
A kind of analytical equipment to gas well mouth casing annulus pressure monitoring data, including：
Fitting module is used for the data one that the annular pressure changes with time, the casing programme of the gas well
Parameter, temperature in wellbore parameter, gas property parameter and scheduled well head annular pressure predictive calculation model are fitted to obtain water
Mud permeability, near wellbore formation pressure, initial gas column height；
Liquid-column height computing module is used to obtain liquid-column height according to the initial gas column height；
Maximum well head annular pressure computing module is used to be obtained according to the liquid-column height, the near wellbore formation pressure
Maximum well head annular pressure；
Time computing module is used for according to the cement permeability, the near wellbore formation pressure, the initial gas pillar height
Degree, initial gas column height and the scheduled well head annular pressure predictive calculation model must reach maximum loop pneumatics power and be taken
Between；
Two computing module of data that annular pressure changes over time is used for according to the cement permeability, the nearly well
Strata pressure, the liquid-column height, the maximum well head annular pressure and the scheduled well head annular pressure predictive calculation mould
Type obtains the data two that annular pressure changes over time；
The data computation module that gas leakage flow changes over time is used to be changed over time according to the annular pressure
Data two, the near wellbore formation pressure, the cement permeability, the initial gas column height and the liquid-column height calculate
The data changed over time to gas leakage flow；
Diagnosis and analysis module are used for according to the cement permeability and/or the near wellbore formation pressure and/or described
Data two that annular pressure changes over time and/or the maximum well head annular pressure/or gas leakage flow change over time
Data obtain gas well mouth annular pressure diagnosis with analysis conclusion.
Technical scheme of the present invention has following notable advantageous effect：
The problem of the application causes well head annular space with pressure mainly for gas leakage, it can predict annular pressure at any time
Change, the key parameters such as maximum annular pressure, cement permeability, near wellbore formation pressure, it is former to be that diagnosis annular pressure generates
Cause, the variation of prediction annular pressure and formulation operating instruction, evaluation security risk provide decision-making foundation, thus for live annular space pressure
Power management provides scientific basis.Secondly, the application is more accurate to the analysis of well head annular pressure, predetermined well head annular pressure
The model changed over time is using gas isothermal darcy flow and state equation as theoretical foundation, it is contemplated that the compression of fluid column in annular space
Property, it can accurately describe compared with the process that gas flowing and annular pressure are formed under Small leak rate, by being surveyed to scene
Amount data point is fitted, and can obtain the data two that annular pressure changes over time and the number that gas leakage flow changes over time
According to.And in the application to the analysis method of gas well mouth casing annulus pressure monitoring data with engineering is practical is tightly combined, have
There is higher practicability.
With reference to following explanation and attached drawing, only certain exemplary embodiments of this invention is disclosed in detail, specifies the original of the present invention
Reason can be in a manner of adopted.It should be understood that embodiments of the present invention are not so limited in range.In appended power
In the range of the spirit and terms of profit requirement, embodiments of the present invention include many changes, modifications and are equal.For a kind of reality
The feature that the mode of applying is described and/or shown can be made in a manner of same or similar in one or more other embodiments
With, with the feature in other embodiment it is combined or substitute other embodiment in feature.
Description of the drawings
Attached drawing described here is only used for task of explanation, and is not intended to limit model disclosed by the invention in any way
It encloses.In addition, shape and proportional sizes of each component in figure etc. are only schematical, the understanding of the present invention is used to help, and
It is not the specific shape and proportional sizes for limiting each component of the present invention.Those skilled in the art under the teachings of the present invention, can
Implement the present invention to select various possible shapes and proportional sizes as the case may be.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that gas flows up leakage along annular space；
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the analysis method of gas well mouth casing annulus pressure monitoring data in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is that annular pressure, the gas flow that the present invention is obtained using Mr. Yu's well change with time relational graph；
Fig. 4 is the structure chart of the analytical equipment of gas well mouth casing annulus pressure monitoring data in the embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numeral of the figures above：
1st, cement ring segment；2nd, fluid column section；3rd, gas section.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the drawings and the description of the specific embodiments of the present invention, the details of the present invention can clearly be understood.But
It is the specific embodiment of invention described herein, is only used for explaining the purpose of the present invention, and cannot understands in any way
Into being limitation of the present invention.Under the teachings of the present invention, technical staff is contemplated that the arbitrary possible change based on the present invention
Shape, these are regarded as belonging to the scope of the present invention.It should be noted that when element is referred to as " being set to " another yuan
Part, it can be directly on another element or there may also be elements placed in the middle.When an element is considered as " connection "
Another element, it can be directly to another element or may be simultaneously present centering elements.Term " installation ",
" connected ", " connection " should be interpreted broadly, for example, it may be inside mechanical connection or electrical connection or two elements
Connection, can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected by intermediary, for the ordinary skill in the art,
The concrete meaning of above-mentioned term can be understood as the case may be.Term as used herein " vertical ", " horizontal ",
For illustrative purposes only, it is unique embodiment to be not offered as " on ", " under ", "left", "right" and similar statement.
Unless otherwise defined, all of technologies and scientific terms used here by the article and belong to the technical field of the application
The normally understood meaning of technical staff is identical.The term used in the description of the present application is intended merely to description tool herein
The purpose of the embodiment of body, it is not intended that in limitation the application.Term as used herein "and/or" includes one or more
The arbitrary and all combination of relevant Listed Items.
It is effective in order to be carried out to annular pressure for the present situation for lacking the effective analysis method of well head annular pressure at present
Quantitative analysis, the formulation for annular pressure rule of management provides foundation, is provided in the present invention a kind of to gas well mouth sleeve ring
The analysis method of pneumatics power monitoring data, Fig. 1 are the schematic diagram that gas flows up leakage along annular space, and Fig. 2 is implemented for the present invention
The flow chart of the analysis method of gas well mouth casing annulus pressure monitoring data in example, as shown in Figure 1, the annular space B is gas well
Annular space B under normal circumstances, can be divided into three sections by the annular space between pit shaft different levels and casing upwards from shaft bottom：Water
Mud ring segment 1, fluid column section 2 and gas section 3.The annular pressure is since gas leakage is migrated upwards along annular space and is gathered in well head
It is formed；The annular pressure monitoring data are the well head annular pressure and the data point of time in the rising of well head annular pressure.
As shown in Fig. 2, the analysis method of the gas well mouth casing annulus pressure monitoring data in the application may comprise steps of：
S101：The data one for obtaining gas well mouth annular pressure and changing with time are measured by practical.
In this step, continuously gas well mouth annular space pressure during this can disposably be established by monitoring well mouth annular pressure
The data one that power changes with time cannot carry out pressure release, closing well operation during monitoring.Complete documentation annular pressure as possible is needed to build
The data of the data, that is, pressure rapid increase phase at vertical initial stage, and record the later data of a small amount of permanent test phase.
In one embodiment, the data one to change with time to certain well well head annular pressure are as shown in table 1：
1 well head annular pressure measured data of table
S102：Obtain casing programme parameter, temperature in wellbore parameter and the gas property parameter of gas well.
In this step, casing programme parameter, temperature in wellbore parameter and the gas property parameter of collection gas well are needed, wherein
The parameter that must be collected includes：The outer layer of wellhead temperature, annular space after vertical depth well depth, depth measurement well depth, bottom hole temperature (BHT), production are stable
The density of completion fluid and the compressed coefficient in casing inner diameter and inner layer sleeve outer diameter, annular space, the gas viscosity under bottom hole temperature (BHT) pressure,
Gas density and Gas Compression Factor, cement return height.
In the above-described embodiments, the parameter as the analysis of well head annular pressure is as shown in table 2.
2 underlying parameter of the well head annular space with kill-job of table
| Parameter type | Numerical value |
| Formation temperature Ti, K | 324.44 |
| Wellhead temperature Tw, K | 288.89 |
| Outer layer sleeve internal diameter, mm | 252.68 |
| Inner layer sleeve outer diameter, mm | 193.55 |
| Well depth H, m | 2961.8 |
| Concrete column height Lc, m | 980.54 |
| Density of completion fluids ρm, g/cm3 | 1.921 |
| Gas viscosity μi, mPa.s | 0.015 |
| Completion fluid compressed coefficient Cm, MPa-1 | 1.034E-08 |
| Gas Compression Factor Zi | 9.200E-01 |
S103：Data one, the casing programme parameter of the gas well, the pit shaft temperature that the annular pressure is changed with time
Degree parameter, gas property parameter and scheduled well head annular pressure predictive calculation model are fitted to obtain cement permeability, near
Well strata pressure, initial gas column height.
In this step, the scheduled well head annular pressure predictive calculation model well mouth annular pressure is by initial time
The calculation formula that annular pressure P0 increases to the time △ t needed for the annular pressure Pw of t moment is：
Δ t=t (Pw)-t(P0),
Wherein,B=0.00981 ρmLf,Ti、
Tw represents bottom hole temperature (BHT) and wellhead temperature, unit K respectively；Zi represents the compressibility factor of gas under downhole condition；μiFor shaft bottom
Under the conditions of gas viscosity, unit mPa.s；K represents cement permeability, unit 10-9m2；A is annular space sectional area, and unit is
m2；P0, Pw are respectively the annular pressure of initial time zero moment and t moment, unit MPa；Lc represents cement top to shaft bottom
Length, unit m；ρ m represent density of completion fluids, unit g/cm3；Lg represents initial gas column height, unit m；Lf is represented
The height of completion fluid column in annular space, unit m, Lf return high relationship according to vertical depth well depth, initial gas column height and cement and represent,
Lf=H-Lg-Lc, H represent well depth, unit m；Initial volumes of the Vm for completion fluid column, Vm=LfA, unit m3；Pf is
Near wellbore formation pressure, unit MPa；Cm be the completion fluid compressed coefficient, unit MPa-1。
Scheduled well head annular pressure predictive calculation model is fitted with measured data, fit object function is predetermined
The estimated value of well head annular pressure predictive calculation model and the root-mean-square error of measured data reach minimum, restrictive condition is intends
Conjunction parameter is positive value, and the calculation formula of fit object function is as follows：
Wherein, Y' represents model predication value n-dimensional vector, and Y is the vector that n measured data point is formed, and RMSE represents fitting
Object function.
In the above-described embodiments, using 1stOpt softwares, underlying parameter of the well head annular space in table 2 with kill-job is substituted into pre-
In fixed well head annular pressure predictive calculation model, the Fitting Calculation is programmed, is intended using the well head annular pressure measured data in table 1
Conjunction obtains cement permeability K, near wellbore formation pressure Pf, initial gas column height Lg.Optimization object function is model estimated value and reality
The root-mean-square error (RMSE) of measured value reaches minimum, and it is positive value that the restrictive condition of the Fitting Calculation, which is fitting parameter,.Program is run, is intended
Closing result is：RMSE=1.362d；K=9.97md；Pf=43.60MPa；Lg=20.52m.
S104：Liquid-column height is obtained based on the initial gas column height.
In this step, completion liquid-column height returns height according to vertical depth well depth, initial gas column height and cement and obtains in annular space,
Its relationship equation below：
Lf=H-Lg-Lc
Wherein, H represents well depth, unit m；Lg represents initial gas column height, unit m；Lc represents cement top to well
The length at bottom, unit m.
In the above-described embodiment, Lf is obtained by calculation equal to 1960.74m.
S105：Maximum well head annular pressure is obtained based on the liquid-column height, the near wellbore formation pressure.
In this step, maximum well head annular pressure is obtained according to the liquid-column height, the near wellbore formation calculation of pressure
In, calculation formula can be as follows：
Pmax=Pf-0.00981·ρmLf
Wherein, Pmax represents maximum well head annular pressure, unit MPa；Pf be near wellbore formation pressure, unit MPa；Lf
Represent the height of completion fluid column in annular space, unit m, ρ m represent density of completion fluids, unit g/cm3。
In the above-described embodiments, calculate maximum annular pressure be 6.65Mpa.
S106：Based on the cement permeability, the near wellbore formation pressure, the initial gas column height, initial gas pillar height
The time required to degree and the scheduled well head annular pressure predictive calculation model must reach maximum loop pneumatics power.
In this step, by the cement permeability, the near wellbore formation pressure, the initial gas column height, initial gas
Pillar height degree substitutes into the scheduled well head annular pressure predictive calculation model and is calculated the time required to reaching maximum annular pressure.
In the above-described embodiments, the maximum annular pressure required time that reaches being calculated is 57.4 days.
S107：Based on the cement permeability, the near wellbore formation pressure, the liquid-column height, the maximum well head ring
Pneumatics power and the scheduled well head annular pressure predictive calculation model obtain the data two that annular pressure changes over time.
In this step, by the cement permeability, the near wellbore formation pressure, the liquid-column height, the maximum well
Mouth annular pressure is substituted into the scheduled well head annular pressure predictive calculation model, by certain increment in the range of (0, Pmax)
Given different annular pressure value, calculates the corresponding time, so as to obtain the data two that annular pressure changes over time respectively.
S108：The data two that are changed over time based on the annular pressure, the near wellbore formation pressure, cement infiltration
The data that gas leakage flow changes over time are calculated in rate, the initial gas column height and the liquid-column height.
In this step, by the near wellbore formation pressure, the cement permeability, the initial gas column height and the liquid
Pillar height degree substitutes into the following formula the gas flow calculated under different annular pressure Pw, so as to obtain gas leakage flow at any time
The data of variation, formula are as follows：
Wherein, QscRepresent mark condition gas flow, unit m3/s；TscRepresent mark condition temperature, unit 273.5K；PscFor
Mark condition pressure, unit 0.1MPa；K represents cement permeability, unit 10-9m2；A be annular space sectional area, unit m2；μiFor
Gas viscosity under downhole condition, unit mPa.s；Zi represents the compressibility factor of gas under downhole condition；Ti represents shaft bottom temperature
Degree, unit K；Lc represents cement top to the length in shaft bottom, unit m；Pf be near wellbore formation pressure, unit MPa；Pw is
The annular pressure of t moment, unit MPa；Lf represents the height of completion fluid column in annular space, unit m；ρ m represent that completion is liquid-tight
Degree, unit g/cm3。
In the above-described embodiments, the number that the data two and gas leakage flow that annular pressure changes over time change over time
According to as shown in table 3.
The prediction result that 3 well head annular pressure of table and gas flow change over time
Annular pressure changes over time, gas leakage flow changes over time can be as shown in Figure 3.
S109：Become at any time according to the cement permeability and/or the near wellbore formation pressure and/or the annular pressure
The data that the data two of change and/or the maximum well head annular pressure/or gas leakage flow change over time obtain gas well well
The conclusion of the diagnosis of mouth annular pressure and analysis.
In this step, when cement permeability is more than the first preset value of permeability of Behavior of Hardened Cement Paste matrix, then can sentence accordingly
There are problems for the well cement ring leakproofness of breaking；When near wellbore formation pressure and the practical gas reservoir differing pressure in the area are more than the second preset value
When, then it can determine whether the initial position of real gas leakage not at the layer position studied；Maximum well head annular pressure is then school
The pressure-bearing safety coefficient of core tubing string provides foundation；The data two and/or gas leakage flow that the annular pressure changes over time
The data changed over time then provide foundation for the opportunity to take some countermeasures and risk management measure.
In the above-described embodiments, according to fitting result, the cement sheath permeability of the well is 9.97md, much larger than cement ground mass
The permeability of matter can judge the well cement ring leakproofness there are problem accordingly, cement sheath there may be micro-loop it is empty, alter slot, crack
Wait seal failures form.And the well maximum well head annular pressure is 6.65MPa, can check the anti-outer crowded and anti-internal pressure of tubing string accordingly
Intensity, and determined the need for according to result taking control measures.And the data two changed over time with reference to the annular pressure
And/or the data that gas leakage flow changes over time determine the period to take measures and annular pressure risk management measure.
It also proposed a kind of analytical equipment of gas well mouth casing annulus pressure monitoring data in this application, Fig. 4 is this
The structure chart of the analytical equipment of gas well mouth casing annulus pressure monitoring data in inventive embodiments, as shown in figure 4, the device packet
It includes：Fitting module, be used for the data one that the annular pressure changes with time, the casing programme parameter of the gas well,
Temperature in wellbore parameter, gas property parameter are fitted to obtain cement infiltration with scheduled well head annular pressure predictive calculation model
Rate, near wellbore formation pressure, initial gas column height；Liquid-column height computing module is used to be obtained according to the initial gas column height
Liquid-column height；Maximum well head annular pressure computing module is used to be obtained according to the liquid-column height, the near wellbore formation pressure
Maximum well head annular pressure；Time computing module is used for according to the cement permeability, the near wellbore formation pressure, described
Initial gas column height, initial gas column height and the scheduled well head annular pressure predictive calculation model must reach maximum loop sky
The time required to pressure；Two computing module of data that annular pressure changes over time is used for according to the cement permeability, described
Near wellbore formation pressure, the liquid-column height, the maximum well head annular pressure and the scheduled well head annular pressure prediction solution
Analysis model obtains the data two that annular pressure changes over time；The data computation module that gas leakage flow changes over time,
For changed over time according to the annular pressure data two, the near wellbore formation pressure, the cement permeability, it is described just
The data that gas leakage flow changes over time are calculated in beginning gas column height and the liquid-column height；Diagnosis and analysis module,
It is used for the number changed over time according to the cement permeability and/or the near wellbore formation pressure and/or the annular pressure
The data changed over time according to two and/or the maximum well head annular pressure/or gas leakage flow obtain gas well mouth annular space
Pressure diagnostic and the conclusion of analysis.
The problem of the application causes well head annular space with pressure mainly for gas leakage, it can predict annular pressure at any time
Change, the key parameters such as maximum annular pressure, cement permeability, near wellbore formation pressure, it is former to be that diagnosis annular pressure generates
Cause, the variation of prediction annular pressure and formulation operating instruction, evaluation security risk provide decision-making foundation, thus for live annular space pressure
Power management provides scientific basis.Secondly, the application is more accurate to the analysis of well head annular pressure, predetermined well head annular pressure
The model changed over time is using gas isothermal darcy flow and state equation as theoretical foundation, it is contemplated that the compression of fluid column in annular space
Property, it can accurately describe compared with the process that gas flowing and annular pressure are formed under Small leak rate, by being surveyed to scene
Amount data point is fitted, and can obtain the data two that annular pressure changes over time and the number that gas leakage flow changes over time
According to.And in the application to the analysis method of gas well mouth casing annulus pressure monitoring data with engineering is practical is tightly combined, have
There is higher practicability.
All articles and reference disclosed, including patent application and publication, for various purposes by quoting knot
Together in this.Identified element, ingredient, component or step and reality should be included by describing the term " substantially by ... form " of combination
Other elements, ingredient, component or the step of the basic novel feature of the combination are not influenced in matter.Using term "comprising" or
" comprising " describes the combination of element here, ingredient, component or step it is also contemplated that substantially by these elements, ingredient, component
Or the embodiment that step is formed.Here by using term " can with ", it is intended to it is described any to illustrate that " can with " includes
Attribute is all optional.Multiple element, ingredient, component or step can be carried by single integrated component, ingredient, component or step
For.Alternatively, single integrated component, ingredient, component or step can be divided into multiple element, ingredient, component or the step of separation
Suddenly.Open "a" or "an" for describing element, ingredient, component or step do not say in order to exclude other elements, into
Point, component or step.
Each embodiment in this specification is described by the way of progressive, the highlights of each of the examples are with
The difference of other embodiment, just to refer each other for identical similar part between each embodiment.Above-described embodiment is only
Illustrate the technical concepts and features of the present invention, its object is to allow person skilled in the art that can understand present disclosure
And implement according to this, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.All equivalence changes made according to spirit of the invention
Or modification, it should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of analysis method to gas well mouth casing annulus pressure monitoring data, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
The data one for obtaining gas well mouth annular pressure and changing with time are measured by practical；
Obtain casing programme parameter, temperature in wellbore parameter and the gas property parameter of gas well；
Data one that the annular pressure is changed with time, the casing programme parameter of the gas well, temperature in wellbore parameter, gas
Volume property parameter is fitted to obtain cement permeability, near wellbore formation pressure with scheduled well head annular pressure predictive calculation model
Power, initial gas column height；
Liquid-column height is obtained based on the initial gas column height；
Maximum well head annular pressure is obtained based on the liquid-column height, the near wellbore formation pressure；
Based on the cement permeability, the near wellbore formation pressure, the initial gas column height, initial gas column height and described pre-
The time required to fixed well head annular pressure predictive calculation model must reach maximum loop pneumatics power；
Based on the cement permeability, the near wellbore formation pressure, the liquid-column height, the maximum well head annular pressure and institute
It states scheduled well head annular pressure predictive calculation model and obtains the data two that annular pressure changes over time；
The data two that are changed over time based on the annular pressure, the near wellbore formation pressure, the cement permeability, it is described just
The data that gas leakage flow changes over time are calculated in beginning gas column height and the liquid-column height；
The data changed over time according to the cement permeability and/or the near wellbore formation pressure and/or the annular pressure
Two and/or the data that change over time of the maximum well head annular pressure/or gas leakage flow obtain gas well mouth annular space pressure
Power diagnoses the conclusion with analysis.
2. the analysis method according to claim 1 to gas well mouth casing annulus pressure monitoring data, which is characterized in that
In step obtains the data one that gas well mouth annular pressure changes with time by practical measurement, continuous monitoring well choma is empty
The data one that the gas well mouth annular pressure that pressure is disposably established during this changes with time, cannot carry out during monitoring
Pressure release, closing well operation.
3. the analysis method according to claim 1 to gas well mouth casing annulus pressure monitoring data, which is characterized in that
The casing programme parameter of the gas well, the temperature in wellbore parameter and the gas property parameter include：Vertical depth well depth, depth measurement
It is complete in wellhead temperature, the outer layer sleeve internal diameter of annular space and inner layer sleeve outer diameter, annular space after well depth, bottom hole temperature (BHT), production are stable
The density and the compressed coefficient of well liquid, the gas viscosity under bottom hole temperature (BHT) pressure, gas density and Gas Compression Factor, cement return
It is high.
4. the analysis method according to claim 1 to gas well mouth casing annulus pressure monitoring data, which is characterized in that
The data one that the annular pressure change with time in step, the casing programme parameter of the gas well, temperature in wellbore parameter,
Gas property parameter is fitted to obtain cement permeability, near wellbore formation pressure with scheduled well head annular pressure predictive calculation model
In power, initial gas column height, the scheduled well head annular pressure predictive calculation model well mouth annular pressure is by initial time
The calculation formula that annular pressure P0 increases to the time △ t needed for the annular pressure Pw of t moment is：
Wherein,B=0.00981 ρmLf,
Ti, Tw represent bottom hole temperature (BHT) and wellhead temperature, unit K respectively；Zi represents the compressibility factor of gas under downhole condition；μiFor well
Gas viscosity under the conditions of bottom, unit mPa.s；K represents cement permeability, unit 10-9m2；A be annular space sectional area, unit
For m2；P0, Pw are respectively the annular pressure of initial time zero moment and t moment, unit MPa；Lc represents cement top to well
The length at bottom, unit m；ρ m represent density of completion fluids, unit g/cm3；Lg represents initial gas column height, unit m；Lf tables
Show the height of completion fluid column in annular space, unit m, Lf return high relation table according to vertical depth well depth, initial gas column height and cement
Show, Lf=H-Lg-Lc, H represents well depth, unit m；Initial volumes of the Vm for completion fluid column, Vm=LfA, unit m3；Pf
For near wellbore formation pressure, unit MPa；Cm be the completion fluid compressed coefficient, unit MPa-1。
5. the analysis method according to claim 4 to gas well mouth casing annulus pressure monitoring data, which is characterized in that
Scheduled well head annular pressure predictive calculation model is fitted with measured data, fit object function is scheduled well head ring
The estimated value of pneumatics power predictive calculation model and the root-mean-square error of measured data reach minimum, and restrictive condition is that fitting parameter is
Positive value, the calculation formula of fit object function are as follows：
Wherein, Y' represents model predication value n-dimensional vector, and Y is the vector that n measured data point is formed, and RMSE represents fit object
Function.
6. the analysis method according to claim 1 to gas well mouth casing annulus pressure monitoring data, which is characterized in that
In step is based on the liquid-column height, the near wellbore formation pressure obtains maximum well head annular pressure, calculation formula is as follows：
Pmax=Pf-0.00981·ρmLf
Wherein, Pmax represents maximum well head annular pressure, unit MPa；Pf be near wellbore formation pressure, unit MPa；Lf is represented
The height of completion fluid column in annular space, unit m, ρ m represent density of completion fluids, unit g/cm3.
7. the analysis method according to claim 1 to gas well mouth casing annulus pressure monitoring data, which is characterized in that
Step be based on the cement permeability, the near wellbore formation pressure, the liquid-column height, the maximum well head annular pressure and
The scheduled well head annular pressure predictive calculation model is obtained in the data two that annular pressure changes over time, by the cement
Permeability, the near wellbore formation pressure, the liquid-column height, the maximum well head annular pressure substitute into the scheduled well head ring
In pneumatics power predictive calculation model, different annular pressure values is given in the range of (0, Pmax) by certain increment, is calculated respectively
The corresponding time, so as to obtain the data two that annular pressure changes over time.
8. the analysis method according to claim 1 to gas well mouth casing annulus pressure monitoring data, which is characterized in that
It is the data two that are changed over time based on the annular pressure in step, the near wellbore formation pressure, the cement permeability, described
Initial gas column height and the liquid-column height are calculated in the data that gas leakage flow changes over time, by the nearly well
Stressor layer, the cement permeability, the initial gas column height and the liquid-column height substitute into the following formula and calculate different rings
Gas flow under pneumatics power Pw, so as to obtain the data that gas leakage flow changes over time, formula is as follows：
Wherein, QscRepresent mark condition gas flow, unit m3/s；TscRepresent mark condition temperature, unit 273.5K；PscTo mark condition pressure
Power, unit 0.1MPa；K represents cement permeability, unit 10-9m2；A be annular space sectional area, unit m2；μiFor shaft bottom item
Gas viscosity under part, unit mPa.s；Zi represents the compressibility factor of gas under downhole condition；Ti represents bottom hole temperature (BHT), unit
For K；Lc represents cement top to the length in shaft bottom, unit m；Pf be near wellbore formation pressure, unit MPa；Pw is t moment
Annular pressure, unit MPa；Lf represents the height of completion fluid column in annular space, unit m；ρ m represent density of completion fluids, and unit is
g/cm3。
9. the analysis method according to claim 1 to gas well mouth casing annulus pressure monitoring data, which is characterized in that
In the number that step is changed over time according to the cement permeability and/or the near wellbore formation pressure and/or the annular pressure
The data changed over time according to two and/or the maximum well head annular pressure/or gas leakage flow obtain gas well mouth annular space
In pressure diagnostic and the conclusion of analysis, specially：When cement permeability is more than the first preset value of permeability of Behavior of Hardened Cement Paste matrix,
It can then judge that there are problems for the well cement ring leakproofness accordingly；When near wellbore formation pressure and the practical gas reservoir differing pressure in the area are more than
During the second preset value, then it can determine whether the initial position of real gas leakage not at the layer position studied；Maximum well head annular space
Pressure then provides foundation to check the pressure-bearing safety coefficient of tubing string；The data two and/or institute that the annular pressure changes over time
It states the data that annular pressure changes over time and second provides foundation for the opportunity to take some countermeasures and risk management measure.
10. a kind of analytical equipment to gas well mouth casing annulus pressure monitoring data, which is characterized in that including：
Fitting module, be used for the data one that the annular pressure changes with time, the casing programme parameter of the gas well,
Temperature in wellbore parameter, gas property parameter are fitted to obtain cement infiltration with scheduled well head annular pressure predictive calculation model
Rate, near wellbore formation pressure, initial gas column height；
Liquid-column height computing module is used to obtain liquid-column height according to the initial gas column height；
Maximum well head annular pressure computing module is used to obtain maximum according to the liquid-column height, the near wellbore formation pressure
Well head annular pressure；
Time computing module, be used for according to the cement permeability, the near wellbore formation pressure, the initial gas column height,
The time required to initial gas column height and the scheduled well head annular pressure predictive calculation model must reach maximum loop pneumatics power；
Two computing module of data that annular pressure changes over time, is used for according to the cement permeability, the near wellbore formation
Pressure, the liquid-column height, the maximum well head annular pressure and the scheduled well head annular pressure predictive calculation model obtain
The data two changed over time to annular pressure；
The data computation module that gas leakage flow changes over time is used for the number changed over time according to the annular pressure
Gas is calculated according to two, the near wellbore formation pressure, the cement permeability, the initial gas column height and the liquid-column height
The data that body leakage flow changes over time；
Diagnosis and analysis module, are used for according to the cement permeability and/or the near wellbore formation pressure and/or the annular space
The number that the data two and/or the maximum well head annular pressure/or gas leakage flow that pressure changes over time change over time
According to the conclusion for obtaining the diagnosis of gas well mouth annular pressure with analyzing.
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