CN108877451A - Upper thoroughly lower resistance type cap rock is collapsed to because of experimental provision - Google Patents
Upper thoroughly lower resistance type cap rock is collapsed to because of experimental provision Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of lower resistance type cap rocks to collapse to because of experimental provision, belongs to Study of Karst Collapse technical field.The present invention can intuitively express the overall process of the upper thoroughly lower resistance type Formation Causes of Karst Collapse of Decline or rise of groundwater level triggering, when intuitively showing Decline or rise of groundwater level, pressure change rule and underground water in solution cavity cause soil cave to be formed and extended subsoil erosion, and carry out correlation test and parametric measurement.Utilize present invention experimental data obtained and experiment law, it is very beneficial for analysis and the constitutive relations between Study of The Underground water level and karst collapse geological disaster, the seepage deformation and the erosion of lower layer's soil body in particular generated in research ground water of karst caves position change procedure causes soil cave to generate, extension and then initiation karst collapse etc. provide completely new technological means, also the growth course of such karst collapse has been reappeared, the genesis mechanism of such karst collapse is disclosed, prevents the work such as mitigation, early-warning and forecast systems foundation for karst collapse and certain reference value is provided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of lower resistance type cap rocks to collapse to because of experimental provision, belongs to Study of Karst Collapse technology neck
Domain.
Background technique
Karst collapse refers to that karst band has the solution cavity upper caldding layer soil body of opening in interior static(al), outer dynamic condition
The effects of under and generate slump breakoff phenomenon, it is one of the topic that people discuss warmly all the time.China karst region area 363
Ten thousand km2, 1/3 of territory total area or more is accounted for, medium cloud, Guizhou Province, river, osmanthus, Hunan, Chongqing, Hubei Province, Guangdong etc. save (city, area) karst area and reaches
105.5 ten thousand km2, it is one of the country that karst is most developed in the world.South China can lava mountain area river valley it is deep, it is with heavy rainfall,
Ground water circulation is fast, and the row's of benefit period is short, causes karstification degree high, crack~pipeline type, pipeline type karst are more universal, hydrodynamic force
Field is complicated and changeable, becomes karst collapse district occurred frequently, and karst (soil cave) collapses the transport hubs route selection such as Ze Dui highway, railway, city
City's engineering construction has larger impact, causes important economic loss and endangers traffic safety, these will cause the fear of people,
Regional Economic Development and the improvement of people's living standards are affected for a long time.
Karst water is a kind of underground water divided by preservation media type.Karst water is distributed in the gap of solvable rock mass
In.Water carries out chemolysis to solvable rock, is solutional cavity, solution cavity, pipeline by void enlargement, and the rapidly water flow for carrying silt is continuous
Erosion simultaneously extends karst, just forms the increasing ground water solution space of scale, so as to cause top covering rockmass face it is empty and
Collapsing, avalanche occur under the effect of gravity, this avalanche sometimes gradually extension can extend to earth's surface, make showing for Surface falling etc.
As referred to as karst, i.e. karst.
Southwestern China mountain area distributed large area can lava, influenced by tectogenetic, form that topography is strategically located and difficult of access, river valley
Deep geomorphic feature, sufficient rainfall are infiltrated by channels such as hole, cracks into karst aquifer, ground water circulation
Fastly, the features such as the period is short, and the aggressivity of water is strong cause karstification degree high, and the karst region band of intense development is often dispersed with largely
Underground corrosion space (dissolution pore, solutional cavity, solution crack, solution cavity, pipeline, underground river etc.)；On the one hand, this for underground water storage, migration and
Enrichment provides place, becomes local valuable groundwater resources, utilizes convenient for exploitation；On the other hand, karstic ground water is strong
Strong activity provides important condition for the development of the extensive karst underground space, and side forms fragmentary, linear under the cover
Or the solution cavity of zonal distribution, then in solution cavity or near solution cavity, the variation of underground water will likely induce karst collapse.
Nature has a kind of double-deck cover rocks, and upper layer is the preferable sand of water penetration, and lower layer is the poor clay of water penetration
Layer.Due to the barrier that lower part blocks water, it is easier to occur compared with the permeable cap rock of single layer so that collapsing.The general preservation in top is pore water,
Water blocking layer only has the presence of capillary water in lower layer, and water blocking layer is the following are karst water, and there are pressure difference between two layers of underground water, pressure difference is big
Small is about head difference of the karst water to argillic horizon floor elevation, as shown in Figure 1.
In its natural state, since the presence of pressure difference causes downward penetration, water blocking layer due to cannot allow bulk water from
Make karst water pressure-bearing by passing in and out, its underpart, which is all contacted with underground water, just has certain thickness underwater zone of transformation of satisfying, top because
The infiltration of pore water and unsaturated state is presented, form upper zone of transformation after a certain period of time, when direction of groundwater flow is advantageous, water of satisfying is soft
Change band soil layer to not easily run off, as shown in Figure 2.But when declining Karst water table because of Human dried bloodstains, subsurface flow is downward
When, the zone of transformation soil body may be gradually lost, and be emptied, and soil cave is formed.The rapid decrease of Karst water table on the one hand can generation office
The latent erosion of the overcritical hydraulic gradient in portion can make lower layer sticky in addition, level of ground water rapid decrease can form negative pressuren zone in cap rock
Soil blocks water damage layer, forms opening identical with upper layer pervious bed, upper layer pervious bed is since sand cohesive force is relatively small, huge
Under big pressure difference and hydraulic gradient effect, soil cave is gradually to laterally and upwards developing, and formation collapses, as shown in Figure 2.
Due to karst collapse spatially have many characteristics, such as concealment, on the time it is sudden, it is prevented and treated and mitigation is current
One of important scientific research problem.Currently, effectively to mitigate harm of the karst collapse to people's production, life, the hand taken first
Section is general Field Geology Investigations, but field investigation is limited only to adjust existing, collapsing of having occurred in detail
Research is looked into, there is apparent one-sidedness.Obtained result is only capable of carrying out the point collapsed improvement and mitigation.And essence
On, potentially, still nonevent karst collapse geological disaster be only threaten engineering construction and people's security of the lives and property emphasis,
Therefore the investigation for relying solely on field can not fundamentally prevent and treat the karst collapse in region.
And numerical simulation calculation becomes a kind of technological means of one kind of prevention and treatment geological disaster efficiently, inexpensive in recent years.
But on the one hand, the parameter in numerical model is chosen, causes results of calculation to be difficult generalization of karst collapse geological conditions etc.
It matches with the karst collapse at scene, accurately can not provide reliable and practical data for the geological disaster that collapses of karst area
Support, causes calculated result confidence level not high.GIS platform disaster alarm is used as a kind of scientific and effective method of preventing and reducing natural disasters, but
It is still necessary to want the accumulation of a large amount of basic data and sample, prediction and evaluation could be carried out to some regional karst collapse, it is clear that
This also has certain deficiency.
Karst collapse is typically due to the understanding of karst collapse and grind with very strong concealment and sudden to people
Study carefully personnel and very big difficulty brought to the analysis etc. of different types of Formation Causes of Karst Collapse mechanism, and has that time-consuming, it is at high cost,
The disadvantages of not intuitive.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to：A kind of lower resistance type cap rock is provided to collapse to because of experimental provision, it can
Intuitively to understand the overall process of the upper thoroughly lower resistance type Formation Causes of Karst Collapse of Decline or rise of groundwater level triggering, intuitively show Decline or rise of groundwater level
When, pressure change rule and underground water in solution cavity lead to the formation and extension of soil cave to the erosion of subsoil, and carry out phase
Close test and parametric measurement.
To solve above-mentioned technical problem the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that：Upper thoroughly lower resistance type cap rock is collapsed to because of experiment
Device, including geologic body simulation box, measuring system and water injection system.
Geologic body simulation box is provided with horizontal positioned partition in its cabinet, and partition, which divides geologic body simulation box one, is
Two, upper half is the cap rock simulation box for simulating upper lower resistance type cap rock, and bottom half is can lava and can lava for simulation
The solution cavity simulation box of middle development solution cavity；The hole for simulating solution cavity opening is offered in the middle part of partition；Cap rock simulation box is on partition top
Face is provided with down resistance type cap rock, and the upper layer of upper lower resistance type cap rock is opposite pervious bed, lower layer is opposite water blocking layer, in phase
To water injection well is provided in pervious bed, water injection well vertically protrudes into opposite pervious bed, and water filling bottom is provided with permeable hole.
Measuring system includes manograph and contactless deformation observation system, and manograph is set to the outside of geologic body simulation box
Wall, the measurement end of manograph penetrates the sidewall paneling of solution cavity simulation box and solution cavity simulation box is connected；Contactless deformation observation system
Set on geologic body simulation box over top.
Water injection system includes water tank, intermediate water tank and water pump, and the water inlet of water pump is connected to water tank, the water outlet of water pump
Mouth is connected to the water inlet of intermediate water tank by first pipe, and the water outlet of intermediate water tank passes through second pipe and is connected to solution cavity simulation box
Bottom, be provided with the first valve in first pipe, the second valve be provided on second pipe；Intermediate water tank is equipped for driving
Move the jacking system of its vertical lifting.
It is further：Intermediate water tank is provided with the demarcation plate being vertically arranged, intermediate water tank surrounding side wall in its cabinet
The top surface of plate is above the top surface of demarcation plate, and intermediate water tank is divided into two by demarcation plate, and side is water feeding tank, the other side is overflow
Two connectors are arranged in case, the bottom plate of water feeding tank, and a connector is for connecting first pipe, another connector for connecting
Second pipe；Overflow drainage mouth is arranged in the bottom of spill box.
It is further：Overflow drainage mouth is set on the bottom plate of spill box, and is connected to water tank by third pipeline.
It is further：Jacking system includes mutually matched sliding block and sliding rail, and sliding block is connected to a fixed with intermediate water tank,
Sliding rail is fixed at the lateral wall of geologic body simulation box, and the lateral wall of geologic body simulation box is additionally provided with to be arranged in parallel with sliding rail
Threaded rod, threaded rod is threadedly coupled with sliding block, by driving threaded rod rotation come so that sliding block makees elevating movement along sliding rail.
It is further：Second pipe is connected on the bottom plate of solution cavity simulation box, and on the bottom plate of solution cavity simulation box also
It is connected with drainage pipeline, the water outlet of drainage pipeline is connected to water tank, is provided with drain valve on drainage pipeline.
It is further：Opposite pervious bed is made of sandy soil layer, and opposite water blocking layer is made of stickiness soil layer；Lower layer
Stickiness soil layer infiltration coefficient is 10-6~10-3Cm/s, upper layer sandy soil layer infiltration coefficient are 8 × 10-3~2 × 10-2cm/s；Water filling
Well uses lucite tube, vertically penetrates entire opposite pervious bed, up to the basal surface position of opposite pervious bed, permeable hole is filling the water
Bottom is uniformly arranged.
It is further：Geologic body simulation box and partition are all made of poly (methyl methacrylate) plate production, and geologic body simulation box is set to
On the top plate of water tank.
It is further：Position of opening is folded equipped with baffle in the middle for partition top surface, and baffle is set in the position of opening of partition
It is equipped with the second aperture, and the diameter of the second aperture is less than the diameter of aperture in the middle part of partition.
It is further：Manograph is U-shaped pressure-measuring pipe, is arranged side by side multiple；Contactless deformation observation system is laser
Multipoint displacement meter.
It is further：The side wall of geologic body simulation box is provided with the scale of measurement vertical height.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：It is very beneficial for analyzing using present invention experimental data obtained and experiment law
Constitutive relations between Study of The Underground water level and karst collapse geological disaster.Carry out upper thoroughly lower resistance type cap rock using the present invention to collapse
After falling into origin cause of formation simulation test, the overall process that on the one hand can collapse for the upper thoroughly lower resistance type cap rock unstability cause of further investigation provides good base
Plinth condition, the seepage deformation and the erosion of lower layer's soil body in particular generated in the change procedure of research ground water of karst caves position lead to soil cave
It generates, extend and then initiation karst collapse etc. provides completely new technological means, also reappear and disclose such karst collapse mistake
The genesis mechanism of journey provides certain reference value for the prevention prediction work of karst collapse.In addition, the present invention is also to disaster
The development of matter and environmental geology subject has certain facilitation.
The present invention is using the upper lower resistance type cap rock karst collapse case of nature as research object, by can by the present invention
Complete laboratory test, so as to it is clear, intuitively show water-level fluctuation or change cause lower layer's aquiclude bottom plate to weather, soil cave
It is formed and the stability status of extension, coating deformation and different time, reproducible the type karst collapse develops overall process.By
It can implement indoors in the present invention, with visual phenomenon, variation of groundwater dynamic is high-visible, the period is short, at low cost, movement side
Just the advantages that.The present invention is also equipped with experimental phenomena is repeatable, the reliable true and practical goodness of fit of engineering of data is high etc. simultaneously
Advantage.The exploration that the present invention can study complex area Formation Causes of Karst Collapse and mechanism for this field researcher provides new approaches,
It solves the problems, such as to collapse quantification, visual research in geology Disaster Study field to a certain extent, is geological hazards prediction
Forecast provides new method.
How the purpose of the present invention, which is realized, please refers to following description part, does not repeat to repeat herein.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that pore water and karst pressure difference cause the schematic diagram that collapses；
Fig. 2 is that upper lower resistance type cap rock collapses schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is experimental provision front view of the invention；
Fig. 4 is experimental provision rearview of the invention；
Fig. 5 is experimental provision left view of the invention；
Fig. 6 is experimental provision top view of the invention；
Fig. 7 is the A-A cross-sectional view of Fig. 3.
It is marked in figure：1- geologic body simulation box, 11- cap rock simulation box, 12- solution cavity simulation box, 13- are with respect to pervious bed, 14-
Opposite water blocking layer, 15- water injection well, 2- partition, 21- simulate solution cavity upper opening, 3- water tank, 31- first pipe, 32- second
Pipeline, 33- third pipeline, the first valve of 34-, the second valve of 35-, 4- manograph, the contactless deformation observation system of 5-, in 6-
Between water tank, 61- demarcation plate, 62- water feeding tank, 63- spill box, 7- water pump, 8- jacking system, 9- drainage pipeline, 91- drain valve,
10- scale.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiment the invention will be further described.
As shown in Fig. 3~Fig. 7, the present invention includes geologic body simulation box 1, measuring system and water injection system.
Geologic body simulation box 1 is provided with horizontal positioned partition 2 in its cabinet, and partition 2 is by 1 one points of geologic body simulation box
It is two, upper half is the cap rock simulation box 11 for simulating upper lower resistance type cap rock, and bottom half is can lava and can for simulation
The solution cavity simulation box 12 of solution cavity is developed in lava；The hole for simulating solution cavity opening is offered in the middle part of partition 2；Cap rock simulation box 11
2 top surface of partition is provided with upper lower resistance type cap rock, the upper layer of upper lower resistance type cap rock is opposite pervious bed 13, lower layer is opposite
Water blocking layer 14 is provided with water injection well 15 in opposite pervious bed 13, and water injection well 15 vertically protrudes into opposite pervious bed 13, and is filling the water
15 bottom of well is provided with permeable hole, is equivalent to chimney filter in simulation well.The effect of water injection well 15 is to allow in opposite pervious bed 13 realize
Stable level of ground water, the water level by changing water injection well 15 can be used for simulating penetration different in strong permeable formation.
Measuring system includes manograph 4 and contactless deformation observation system 5, and manograph 4 is set to geologic body simulation box 1
Lateral wall, the measurement end of manograph 4 penetrates the sidewall paneling of solution cavity simulation box 12 and solution cavity simulation box 12 is connected；Contactless deformation
Observation system 5 is set to 1 over top of geologic body simulation box.
Water injection system includes water tank 3, intermediate water tank 6 and water pump 7, and the water inlet of water pump 7 is connected to water tank 3, water pump 7
Water outlet the water inlet of intermediate water tank 6 is connected to by first pipe 31, the water outlet of intermediate water tank 6 is connected by second pipe 32
Lead to the bottom of solution cavity simulation box 12, is provided with the first valve 34 in first pipe 31, is provided with the second valve on second pipe 32
35；Intermediate water tank 6 is equipped with the jacking system 8 for driving its vertical lifting.
To make 6 steady operation of intermediate water tank, the present invention is provided with stable flow structure in intermediate water tank 6, specific implementation
Mode is as follows：Intermediate water tank 6 is provided with the demarcation plate 61 being vertically arranged, the top of 6 surrounding sidewall paneling of intermediate water tank in its cabinet
Face is above the top surface of demarcation plate 61, and intermediate water tank 6 is divided into two by demarcation plate 61, and side is water feeding tank 62, the other side is excessive
Case 63 is flowed, two connectors are arranged in the bottom plate of water feeding tank 62, and a connector is for connecting first pipe 31, another connector
For connecting second pipe 32；Overflow drainage mouth is arranged in the bottom of spill box 63, and Overflow drainage mouth is preferably disposed to spill box 63
On bottom plate, and water tank 3 is connected to by third pipeline 33.First pipe 31, second pipe 32 and third pipeline in device
33 preferably use rubber hose.After water pump 7, which powers on, to draw water, water is introduced into water feeding tank 62, and 62 water level of water feeding tank is gradually
It increases, is just stabilized after water is full, extra water is back to water storage into spill box 63, and through third pipeline 33 from top overflow
In case 3, and the second pipe 32 that most of test water then passes through 62 bottom of water feeding tank is flow in solution cavity simulation box 12.It is molten in this way
Water level in hole is gradually increasing, and simulates the rising of ground water of karst caves position.Conversely, switch off the pump, close the first valve, if will in
Between water tank 6 some lower position is adjusted to by jacking system 8, the second pipe 32 that the water in solution cavity just passes through bottom flows backward to
In water feeding tank 62, after a certain period of time, the water level in solution cavity can be consistent with the water level in water feeding tank 62, just realize ground in this way
Lower water level decreasing, to control the water level in solution cavity simulation box 12.
Jacking system 8 is preferably implemented in the following way：Jacking system 8 includes mutually matched sliding block and sliding rail, sliding block
It is connected to a fixed with intermediate water tank 6, sliding rail is fixed at the lateral wall of geologic body simulation box 1, the outside of geologic body simulation box 1
Wall, which is additionally provided with, to be threadedly coupled with sliding rail threaded rod disposed in parallel, threaded rod with sliding block, is made by the rotation of driving threaded rod
It obtains sliding block and makees elevating movement along sliding rail.Which low manufacture cost, at the same while testing operate it is more convenient.Threaded rod can be electronic
Driving, can also manual actuation, using rotating by the way of handwheel is operated manually in the present embodiment.
In addition, second pipe 32 is preferably attached on the bottom plate of solution cavity simulation box 12, and the bottom plate of solution cavity simulation box 12
On be also connected with drainage pipeline 9, the water outlet of drainage pipeline 9 is connected to water tank 3, drain valve 91 is provided on drainage pipeline 9.
For convenience of operation, after experiment, solution cavity simulation box 12 can be drained by drainage pipeline 9.
Opposite pervious bed 13 in the present invention is made of sandy soil layer, and opposite water blocking layer is made of stickiness soil layer 14；
Lower layer's stickiness soil layer infiltration coefficient is 10-6~10-3Cm/s, upper layer sandy soil layer infiltration coefficient are 8 × 10-3~2 × 10-2Cm/s,
Can guarantee test smoothly carry out, thus obtain be conducive to analyze nature in such karst collapse geological disaster substantive characteristics and
The data of rule.The infiltration coefficient of the present embodiment sandy soil layer at the middle and upper levels is 10 times of lower layer's stickiness soil layer infiltration coefficient, lower layer
Stickiness soil layer infiltration coefficient 10-3Cm/s, upper layer sandy soil layer infiltration coefficient 10-2cm/s.It is gone on smoothly for convenience of test, comprehensively
Different penetrations, water injection well 15 are preferably made of lucite tube in the strong permeable formation of accurate simulation, and water injection well 15 is vertical
Penetrate entire opposite pervious bed 13, up to the basal surface position of opposite pervious bed 13, permeable hole is uniformly arranged in 15 bottom of water injection well.
For convenience of production, space occupied is saved, while facilitating experimental implementation and observation, geologic body simulation box 1 and partition 2 are equal
It is made of poly (methyl methacrylate) plate, geologic body simulation box 1 is set on the top plate of water tank 3.In the present embodiment, geologic body simulation box
1 box sizes are long 1900mm, wide 420mm, high 870mm.Partition 2 is using the poly (methyl methacrylate) plate with a thickness of 10mm, the partition 2
Geologic body simulation box 1 is divided into two, the cap rock simulation box 11 of upper half is having a size of long 1900mm, wide 420mm, high 350mm；Under
The solution cavity simulation box 12 in halfth area is having a size of long 1900mm, wide 420mm, high 520mm.Water tank having a size of：Length × width × height=
1900mm × 420mm × 400mm, using the PVC material production with a thickness of 10mm, with the angle steel bound edge of some strength.In addition, this
The circular hole that diameter is 200mm is opened up in embodiment in the middle part of partition 2 to be open for simulating solution cavity.For the ease of in simulation nature
The various sizes of solution cavity that underlies, position of opening is folded equipped with baffle in the middle for 2 top surface of partition of the invention, and baffle is in partition 2
Position of opening is provided with the second aperture, and the diameter of the second aperture is less than the diameter of 2 middle part aperture of partition.It is adopted in the present embodiment
Mode is to configure muti-piece length × width x thickness=250mm × 250mm × 10mm square plate to hold hole successfully in square plate central openings
Afterwards, according to the circular hole size of requirement of experiment, aperture square plate is placed on the circular hole of the 200mm at 2 middle part of partition, to change
Circular hole size.Bore size mainly has a 150mm, and 3 kinds of 100mm, 50mm etc., and can be according to actual size increase in demand when experiment
Aperture square plate, thus preferably simulation solution cavity opening.
Manograph 4 is preferably U-shaped pressure-measuring pipe in the present invention, is arranged side by side multiple, and 3 are set as in the present embodiment, is used for
Pressure changing rule in solution cavity caused by measurement changes because of ground water of karst caves position；Contactless deformation observation system 5 is preferably
Laser multipoint displacement meter can record the overburden deformation amount and deformation rule of different moments during the experiment.In addition, for convenience of straight
Reading water level is connect, the side wall of geologic body simulation box 1 is provided with the scale 10 of measurement vertical height.
The purpose of the present invention is realized in the following way：
One, the formation of the weak infiltration soil layer erosion of lower layer：
1. weak infiltration soil sample and strong infiltration soil sample are piled up and are simulated in geologic body in the state of guaranteeing that instrument works normally
In case 1, upper lower resistance type cap rock is formed in 2 top surface of partition, upper layer is opposite pervious bed 13 (permeating soil sample by force), lower layer is opposite
Water blocking layer 14 (weak infiltration soil sample).The physico-mechanical properties and hydrophysical property parameter reference field Practical Project of soil sample, using master
The similar progress of the high level of influence factor is wanted, specific analog material selection can be determined by a series of related soil tests.
2. all valves are under closed state in a device, by jacking system 8 by the outside of geologic body simulation box 1
Intermediate water tank 6 is increased to 2 corresponding position of partition being horizontally arranged in geologic body simulation box 1, opens the first valve 34 and the second valve
Door 35 starts water pump 7, after the water in water tank 3 enters the water feeding tank 62 in intermediate water tank 6 by first pipe 31, by the
Two pipelines 32 enter in the solution cavity simulation box 12 of 1 bottom half of geologic body simulation box, after a certain period of time, in solution cavity simulation box 12 all
It is filled by underground water, stability of groundwater level is in 14 bottom surface of opposite water blocking layer (namely 2 top side location of partition) of lower layer, this process mould
The natural ground-water level in nature in solution cavity is intended.Hereafter, underground water is entered by the circular hole in horizontal positioned 2 center of partition
In opposite water blocking layer 14, erosion is gradually developed at any time.
3. being filled the water to the water injection well 15 in opposite pervious bed 13, after a certain period of time, in geologic body simulation box 1
Opposite pervious bed 13 has stable level of ground water.This process is equivalent to natural groundwater in the strong permeable formation in simulation nature
Position.Specific water level value directly can be measured and be read in water injection well 15.
Two, the extension of soil cave and cap rock surface crack occur：
Due to being constantly etched for opposite 14 bottom plate of water blocking layer, soil cave gradually extends upwards, the thickness of opposite water blocking layer 14
It is being gradually reduced.In the case where the highly permeable penetration in upper layer, the extension of soil cave and soil thickness reduce collective effect, opposite water blocking layer
14 soil particle is gradually pulled away, and soil block gradually generates avalanche.This opposite pervious bed 13 for directly resulting in upper layer sink, ground
There is crack in table.
Three, the generation of karst collapse：
With the continuous action of penetration, fine grained is gradually disengaged in lower layer's soil body, the accumulation of soil block body avalanche, surface cracks
Will extension, when the resist collapse ability of cap rock itself be less than these cause collapse factor synergy when, collapse generation.The entire examination of record
Test the water discharge time of process, the variation of U-shaped 4 water level of pressure-measuring pipe, the expanded configuration of soil cave.With high speed camera record cap rock surface
The form of fracture development, Collapse Pit, overall process acquire overburden deformation-time relationship etc..
Claims (10)
1. resistance type cap rock is descended to collapse to because of experimental provision thoroughly on, it is characterised in that：Including geologic body simulation box (1), measuring system
And water injection system；
Geologic body simulation box (1) is provided with horizontal positioned partition (2) in its cabinet, and partition (2) is by geologic body simulation box (1)
It is divided into two, upper half is the cap rock simulation box (11) for simulating upper lower resistance type cap rock, and bottom half is solvable for simulating
Rock and the solution cavity simulation box (12) that solution cavity can be developed in lava；The hole for simulating solution cavity opening is offered in the middle part of partition (2)；Lid
Layer simulation box (11) is provided with upper lower resistance type cap rock in partition (2) top surface, and the upper layer of upper lower resistance type cap rock is relatively permeable
Layer (13), lower layer are opposite water blocking layer (14), are provided in opposite pervious bed (13) water injection well (15), and water injection well (15) is vertical
Opposite pervious bed (13) are protruded into, and water injection well (15) bottom is provided with permeable hole；
Measuring system includes manograph (4) and contactless deformation observation system (5), and manograph (4) is set to geologic body simulation box
(1) lateral wall, the measurement end of manograph (4) penetrates the sidewall paneling of solution cavity simulation box (12) and solution cavity simulation box (12) are connected；
Contactless deformation observation system (5) is set to geologic body simulation box (1) over top；
Water injection system includes water tank (3), intermediate water tank (6) and water pump (7), and the water inlet of water pump (7) is connected to water tank
(3), water inlet of the water outlet of water pump (7) by first pipe (31) connection intermediate water tank (6), the water outlet of intermediate water tank (6)
Mouth is connected to the bottom of solution cavity simulation box (12) by second pipe (32), is provided with the first valve (34) in first pipe (31),
The second valve (35) are provided on second pipe (32)；Intermediate water tank (6) is equipped with the lifting system for driving its vertical lifting
It unites (8).
2. upper thoroughly lower resistance type cap rock as described in claim 1 is collapsed to because of experimental provision, it is characterised in that：Intermediate water tank (6)
The demarcation plate (61) being vertically arranged is provided in its cabinet, the top surface of intermediate water tank (6) surrounding sidewall paneling is above demarcation plate
(61) intermediate water tank (6) is divided into two by top surface, demarcation plate (61), and side is water feeding tank (62), the other side is spill box
(63), two connectors are arranged in the bottom plate of water feeding tank (62), and a connector is for connecting first pipe (31), another connection
Mouth is for connecting second pipe (32)；Overflow drainage mouth is arranged in the bottom of spill box (63).
3. upper thoroughly lower resistance type cap rock as claimed in claim 2 is collapsed to because of experimental provision, it is characterised in that：Overflow drainage mouth is set
Water tank (3) are connected on the bottom plate of spill box (63), and by third pipeline (33).
4. upper thoroughly lower resistance type cap rock as described in claim 1 is collapsed to because of experimental provision, it is characterised in that：Jacking system (8)
Including mutually matched sliding block and sliding rail, sliding block is connected to a fixed with intermediate water tank (6), and sliding rail is fixed at geologic body simulation
The lateral wall of case (1), the lateral wall of geologic body simulation box (1) be additionally provided with sliding rail threaded rod disposed in parallel, threaded rod with
Sliding block is threadedly coupled, by driving threaded rod rotation come so that sliding block makees elevating movement along sliding rail.
5. upper thoroughly lower resistance type cap rock as described in claim 1 is collapsed to because of experimental provision, it is characterised in that：Second pipe (32)
It is connected on the bottom plate of solution cavity simulation box (12), and is also connected with drainage pipeline (9) on the bottom plate of solution cavity simulation box (12), arrange
The water outlet of waterpipe (9) is connected to water tank (3), and drain valve (91) are provided on drainage pipeline (9).
6. upper thoroughly lower resistance type cap rock as described in claim 1 is collapsed to because of experimental provision, it is characterised in that：Opposite pervious bed
(13) it is made of sandy soil layer, opposite water blocking layer is made of stickiness soil layer (14)；Lower layer's stickiness soil layer infiltration coefficient is 10-6
~10-3Cm/s, upper layer sandy soil layer infiltration coefficient are 8 × 10-3~2 × 10-2cm/s；Water injection well (15) uses lucite tube,
Vertically penetrate entire opposite pervious bed (13), up to the basal surface position of opposite pervious bed (13), permeable hole is at water injection well (15) bottom
Portion is uniformly arranged.
7. the upper lower resistance type cap rock as described in any one of claim 1 to 6 is collapsed to because of experimental provision, feature exists
In：Geologic body simulation box (1) and partition (2) are all made of poly (methyl methacrylate) plate production, and geologic body simulation box (1) is set to water tank
(3) on top plate.
8. the upper lower resistance type cap rock as described in any one of claim 1 to 6 is collapsed to because of experimental provision, feature exists
In：Position of opening is folded equipped with baffle in the middle for partition (2) top surface, and baffle is provided with second in the position of opening of partition (2) and opens
Hole, and the diameter of the second aperture is less than the diameter of aperture in the middle part of partition (2).
9. the upper lower resistance type cap rock as described in any one of claim 1 to 6 is collapsed to because of experimental provision, feature exists
In：Manograph (4) is U-shaped pressure-measuring pipe, is arranged side by side multiple；Contactless deformation observation system (5) is laser multipoint displacement meter.
10. the upper lower resistance type cap rock as described in any one of claim 1 to 6 is collapsed to because of experimental provision, feature exists
In：The side wall of geologic body simulation box (1) is provided with the scale (10) of measurement vertical height.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN110161213A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-23 | 贵州大学 | A kind of experimental provision for simulating Karst region karst collapse |
| CN112946778A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-11 | 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所 | Method for early warning karst collapse based on underground water turbidity monitoring |
| CN114371273A (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2022-04-19 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Physical test device for detecting collapse influence range of dangerous rock mass |
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| CN112946778B (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2022-05-03 | 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所 | Method for early warning karst collapse based on underground water turbidity monitoring |
| CN114371273A (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2022-04-19 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Physical test device for detecting collapse influence range of dangerous rock mass |
| CN114371273B (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2023-11-14 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Physical test device for detecting dangerous rock body caving influence range |
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