CN113049467B - Device and method for simulating unconformity convergence ridge reservoir control mechanism - Google Patents
Device and method for simulating unconformity convergence ridge reservoir control mechanism Download PDFInfo
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- CN113049467B CN113049467B CN202110270076.6A CN202110270076A CN113049467B CN 113049467 B CN113049467 B CN 113049467B CN 202110270076 A CN202110270076 A CN 202110270076A CN 113049467 B CN113049467 B CN 113049467B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
Abstract
A device and method for simulating unconformity convergence ridge reservoir control mechanism. The device for simulating the unconformity convergence ridge reservoir control mechanism comprises a constant flow pump, an injection pipeline, a digital camera, a two-dimensional seepage model, a water tank and a light source, wherein the two-dimensional seepage model is used for simulating the unconformity convergence ridge reservoir control mechanism; the device simulates the following path of the unconformity convergence ridge reservoir control mechanism: starting a light source, injecting oil gas into the two-dimensional seepage model from the hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone through an injection point, and filling the oil gas into the hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone of the two-dimensional seepage model; after the oil-gas saturation reaches a certain value, oil-gas enters an unconformity area, and after an oil-gas migration front edge reaches an unconformity anticline ridge part, the oil-gas is gathered at two anticline wings from top to bottom from the anticline ridge part until the anticline left wing migration front edge reaches an overflow point of a two-dimensional seepage model; and simultaneously opening two fault valves, vertically adjusting the oil gas to reservoir areas through the faults, comparing the accumulated oil quantity of the two reservoir areas, and analyzing a convergence ridge reservoir control mechanism according to an experimental result. The method can simulate the characteristics and the law of the enrichment of oil gas in the shallow part when the oil gas generated by the deep hydrocarbon source rock is adjusted to be accumulated in the shallow part through the vertical fault.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil-gas exploration tests, in particular to a device and a method for simulating an unconformity convergence ridge reservoir control mechanism.
Background
With the increase of the buried depth, the hydrocarbon source rock can generate oil gas on a large scale only after reaching the hydrocarbon generation threshold, thereby causing the phenomenon of deep layer oil gas generation. Oil gas generated in the deep layer is vertically adjusted under the action of buoyancy, and is gathered and accumulated after the shallow layer encounters a trap, in the process, the unconformity surface is often a main channel for lateral migration of the oil gas, and the fault is a main channel for vertical migration. For example, the Bohai Bay basin has the remarkable characteristics of deep oil-gas generation and shallow enrichment, the dominant hydrocarbon source rock is a deep sand river street group, and oil gas is mainly accumulated in shallow Librarian pottery groups and Minghua Zheng groups to form a reservoir. Analyzing and researching the influence factors and rules of oil gas enrichment in the shallow layer is important for improving the exploration success rate and reducing the exploration cost. A gathering ridge mode for oil and gas migration in a Bohai sea area and control of recent system oil and gas accumulation in the Bohai sea area are summarized in the text of many years of exploration practice in the Bohai sea area, and a gathering ridge control accumulation mode is provided. "converging ridges" refers to deep bodies of geological material with ridges or similar ridges below a shallow formation, with a layered, widespread permeable layer on the top or inside, and connected to a source rock. The "converging ridge" has two features: firstly, the oil gas is a low potential area and is connected with a hydrocarbon source stove through a convergence channel (unconformity surface, sand body and fracture), so that the oil gas can be converged from four sides to the low potential area for a long time; ② is the 'termination' point of the lateral migration of deep layer oil and gas, when the fault communicating the deep layer with the shallow layer generates activity, the oil and gas vertically migrates to the shallow layer along the combined channel of the fault and the sand body, and gathers to form a shallow oil and gas reservoir (Schroeyongan, 2018). In the Bohai sea area, non-integration is an extremely important form of converging ridge permeation layers. Only the deep development convergence ridge is communicated with the shallow reservoir through the vertical fault, and the probability of oil and gas enrichment and accumulation in the shallow reservoir is greatly improved, so that the research on deep and shallow coupling accumulation under the control action of the convergence ridge has important significance for knowing the shallow oil and gas enrichment and accumulation rule. The application number is CN 201510515354.4 an experimental device and a method for simulating oil gas to perform vertical adjustment through unconformity and fault; a key element of Bohai sea area large lithologic oil and gas reservoir accumulation formation by stone mortar lump protrusion is developed in a text of simulation accumulation experiments under the action of controlling accumulation, transportation and accumulation formation by a convergence ridge, and the defects of the two aspects are as follows in the above and other published materials: 1) (ii) a In the experimental process, the opening and closing state of the fault is fixed or closed or opened, in the actual reservoir control of the convergence ridge, the fault is firstly closed, oil gas is firstly gathered in the convergence ridge, after a period of time, the fault is opened, and the oil gas gathered in the convergence ridge is adjusted to be shallow through the vertical fault; 2) the simulation models are provided with a fixed liquid injection port and a liquid discharge port, the flow and displacement of fluid in the models are limited and restricted by the positions of the liquid discharge port and the liquid injection port, and are not consistent with the actual stratum, in the actual stratum, only an oil gas phase is limited in a high-permeability area by the restriction of capillary force, and the capillary force does not exist between water phases, so that the fluid can flow in all directions of various media.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background technology, the invention provides a device and a method for simulating unconformity convergence ridge reservoir control mechanism, which can be used for researching a reservoir mode of oil gas depth coupling under the control action of the convergence ridge, analyzing influence factors and rules of oil gas shallow layer enrichment, guiding oil gas exploration and improving the exploration success rate.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the device for simulating the unconformity of the convergence ridge reservoir control mechanism comprises a constant flow pump, an injection pipeline, a digital camera, a two-dimensional seepage model, a water tank and a light source, and is characterized in that:
the two-dimensional seepage model is used for simulating an unconformity convergence ridge control and storage mechanism, the model adopts a sandwich structure, two glass plates with the same size are arranged in parallel in the vertical direction, and a circle of closed hard sponge strip is arranged between the two glass plates; a hydrocarbon source rock area, an unconformity area, a first reservoir area, a second reservoir area, a first fracture area, a second fracture area and a shale area are distributed in a gap defined by the inner surfaces of the two glass plates and the hard sponge strip together, and the hydrocarbon source rock area is divided into a hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone and a hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharge area; the first fault valve traverses the first fault area, the second fault valve traverses the second fault area, the first fault valve and the second fault valve are made of adhesive tapes with the thickness slightly larger than that of the hard sponge strip, one end of each of the two fault valves is arranged in the model, and the other end of each of the two fault valves penetrates through the hard sponge strip and extends out of the model; the particle size of the particle materials filled in the shale area is smaller than that of the particle materials filled in the hydrocarbon discharging area of the hydrocarbon source rock, and the particle size of the particle materials filled in the high permeability zone, the unconformity area, the first reservoir area, the second reservoir area, the first fault area and the second fault area of the hydrocarbon source rock is larger than that of the particle materials filled in the hydrocarbon discharging area of the hydrocarbon source rock; the hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone is surrounded by a mudstone area and a hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharge area; the hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone extends to the edge of the model to be 5-20mm away from the hard sponge strip to be used as an injection point; the non-integration area is of a anticline structure, one wing of the non-integration area is directly connected with the hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharge area, and the other wing of the non-integration area is provided with an overflow point and extends to the edge of the model through the overflow point; the reservoir region is located above the unconformity region and the source rock region; the first fault zone connects the unconformity zone with the first reservoir at an unconformity zone anticline ridge; the wing part of the second fault on one side connected with the hydrocarbon discharging area of the hydrocarbon source rock in the unconformity area anticline connects the unconformity area with the second reservoir; clamping the peripheries of the two glass plates by using a C-shaped clamp;
the two-dimensional seepage model is vertically and fixedly immersed in the water tank, and the water tank is a transparent water tank;
the advection pump is connected to an injection point of the two-dimensional seepage model through an injection pipeline;
the light source is a plane light source and is arranged outside the side wall of the water tank;
the digital camera is used for shooting the picture of the two-dimensional seepage model.
The method for simulating the unconformity convergence ridge reservoir control mechanism by using the device is carried out according to the following path:
starting a light source, injecting oil gas into the two-dimensional seepage model from the hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone through an advection pump, an injection pipeline and an injection point of the two-dimensional seepage model in the device, and under the constraint of capillary force of a hydrocarbon discharge area of mudstone and the hydrocarbon source rock in the two-dimensional seepage model, filling the oil gas into the hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone of the two-dimensional seepage model; after the oil-gas saturation reaches a certain value, under the combined action of the injection pressure of the two-dimensional seepage model and the buoyancy of a hydrocarbon source rock hypertonic zone oil column, the oil-gas overcomes the restriction of capillary force of a hydrocarbon discharging area of the hydrocarbon source rock of the two-dimensional seepage model, enters an unconformity area, and after an oil-gas migration front edge reaches an unconformity anticline ridge part, the oil-gas gathers on two anticline wings from top to bottom from the anticline ridge part until the anticline left wing migration front edge reaches an overflow point of the two-dimensional seepage model; and simultaneously opening a first fault valve and a second fault valve in the two-dimensional seepage model, vertically adjusting the oil gas to a first reservoir and a second reservoir in the two-dimensional seepage model through the faults, taking pictures through a digital camera, comparing the accumulated oil quantity of the first reservoir and the second reservoir, and analyzing the convergence ridge reservoir control mechanism according to the experimental result.
The method for manufacturing the two-dimensional seepage model in the device comprises the following steps:
firstly, flatly placing a lower glass plate on a desktop, and fixing hard sponge strips around the upper surface of the lower glass plate;
secondly, dividing a region surrounded by the hard sponge strips into a hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone, a hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharge zone, an unconformity zone, a first reservoir zone, a second reservoir zone, a first fault zone, a second fault zone and a shale zone by using narrow rubber strips according to experimental design, wherein the thickness of the used dividing rubber strips is the same as that of the hard sponge strips; after separation, the hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharging area is tightly attached to and positioned above the hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone, the hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone and the hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone are combined together to form a hydrocarbon source rock area, the hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone extends to the edge of the model to be 5mm-20mm away from the hard sponge strip to serve as an injection point, and the hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharging area is aligned with the hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone in the transverse direction; the unconformity area is in a anticline structure, wherein one wing is directly connected with the hydrocarbon discharging area of the hydrocarbon source rock, the tail end of the wing extends to be 5mm-20mm away from the hard sponge strip and is aligned with the high permeability zone of the hydrocarbon source rock; the other wing is provided with an overflow point and extends to the edge of the model through the overflow point; the first fault connects the unconformity region with the first reservoir region at the unconformity region anticline ridge part; the wing part of the second fault on one side of the unconformity anticline connected with the hydrocarbon discharging area of the hydrocarbon source rock is used for connecting the unconformity area with the second reservoir;
setting a first fault valve crossing the first fault area and a second fault valve crossing the second fault area; one end of each of the first fault valve and the second fault valve is fixed on the lower glass plate, and the other end of each of the first fault valve and the second fault valve penetrates through the separation rubber strip and the hard sponge strip to extend out of the model;
filling fine particles simulating mudstone in a hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone, a hydrocarbon draining zone, an unconformity zone, a first reservoir zone, a second reservoir zone, a first fault zone, a second fault zone and a mudstone zone, and removing surplus particles after trowelling and compacting to enable the upper surface of a particle accumulation body to be flush with peripheral hard sponge strips;
fifthly, removing the finest particles filled in the hydrocarbon source rock hypertonic area, the hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharging area, the unconformity area, the first reservoir area, the second reservoir area, the first fault area and the second fault area, filling the hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharging area with particles thicker than those in the mudstone area, filling the hydrocarbon source rock hypertonic area, the unconformity area, the first reservoir area, the second reservoir area, the first fault area and the second fault area with particles thicker than those in the hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharging area, leveling and compacting;
sixthly, removing narrow rubber strips used for separating the areas, and supplementing and removing gaps left by the narrow rubber strips by using particles with smaller particle sizes on two sides of the narrow rubber strips;
and seventhly, aligning and covering the upper glass plate, and clamping and fixing the upper glass plate and the lower glass plate by using C-shaped clamps on the periphery.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: 1) the simulation method can simulate the deep and shallow coupling reservoir control mechanism under the control of unconformity convergence ridges when the hydrocarbon generation intensity, unconformity physical properties, unconformity form, unconformity trapping area, fault conduction performance, fault activity frequency and other factors influence, controls the fault by using the fault valve in the simulation process, adjusts the state of the fault from closed to open under the conditions of not interrupting an experiment and changing the experiment, and fully considers the dynamic change brought by the convergence of the unconformity convergence ridges of oil gas; 2) the model adopts a selective sealing technology, when the model is immersed in a water body, water in the model can be exchanged with surrounding water bodies at various positions, and the characteristics that oil-gas phase in a stratum is limited in a high-permeability zone and water phase can flow freely are fully simulated; 3) has the characteristic of visual visualization.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional seepage model structure for simulating unconformity of convergence ridge reservoir control mechanism.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for simulating the unconformity of the convergent ridge trapping mechanism.
FIG. 3 is a two-dimensional seepage model (example one) for modeling unconformity of the relative transport volume above and below the source rock.
Fig. 4 is the experimental results (example one).
Fig. 5 is the experimental result (example two).
In the figure, 1-1 part of a hard sponge strip, 1-2 parts of a first fault valve 1, 1-3 parts of an overflow point, 1-4 parts of a non-integration, 1-5 parts of a mud rock area, 1-6 parts of a C-shaped clamp, 1-7 parts of a hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone, 1-8 parts of an injection point, 1-9 parts of a hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharge area, 1-10 parts of a second fault valve 2, 1-11 parts of a fault 2, 1-12 parts of a reservoir 2, 1-13 parts of a reservoir 1, 1-14 parts of a fault 1, 1-15 parts of an upper glass plate, 1-16 parts of a lower glass plate, 2-1 parts of a horizontal flow pump, 2-2 parts of a digital camera, 2-3 parts of an injection pipeline, 2-4 parts of a transparent water tank, 2-5 parts of a simulated non-integration ridge control reservoir two-dimensional seepage flow model, 2-6 parts of a planar light source, 3-1 part of 1, 3-2 parts of fault valves 1, 3-3 parts of fault 1, 3-4 parts of unconformity anticline, 3-5 parts of mud rock area, 3-6 parts of hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone, 3-7 parts of hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharge area, 3-8 parts of fault valves 2, 3-9 parts of fault 2, 3-10 parts of reservoir 2.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
the device for simulating the unconformity convergence ridge reservoir control mechanism comprises the following components: the device comprises a constant-current pump, an injection pipeline, a digital camera, a two-dimensional seepage model for simulating unconformity of a convergence ridge reservoir control mechanism, a water tank and a light source.
Wherein, the structure of a two-dimensional seepage model which does not integrate the convergence ridge reservoir control mechanism is simulated: the model adopts a sandwich structure, two glass plates are arranged in parallel and are separated by hard sponge strips, and the glass plates and the peripheral hard sponge strips are fixed by C-shaped clamps. The gap enclosed by the two glass plates and the peripheral hard sponge strips is divided into a hydrocarbon source rock area, an unconformity reservoir 1, a reservoir 2, a fault 1, a fault 2 and a mudstone area, wherein the hydrocarbon source rock area is subdivided into a hydrocarbon source rock hypertonic area and a hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharge area. In the model, a fault valve is made of an adhesive tape with the thickness slightly larger than that of the hard sponge strip, the fault valve 1 and the fault valve 2 respectively cross the fault 1 and the fault 2, one end of the fault valve is arranged in the model, and the other end of the fault valve penetrates through the hard sponge strip and extends out of the model. In the experimental process, the two glass plates extrude the fault valve to play a role in sealing, so that the fault is closed; when the fault is required to be opened, one end of the fault valve outside the model is pulled, and the fault valve elastically contracts and is separated from the upper glass plate and the lower glass plate, so that the fault is opened. And filling the particle materials with different particle sizes in different areas, wherein the particle size of the particle materials in the shale area is the smallest, the particle size of the particle materials in the hydrocarbon discharging area of the source rock is larger than that of the particle materials in the shale area, and the particle sizes of the particle materials in the hypertonic zone, the unconformity zone and the reservoir and fault zone of the source rock are larger than that of the particle materials in the hydrocarbon discharging area of the source rock. In spatial configuration, the hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone is surrounded by a mudstone area, a hydrocarbon source rock upper hydrocarbon discharge area and a hydrocarbon source rock lower hydrocarbon discharge area; the hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone extends to the edge of the model to be 5-20mm away from the hard sponge strip to be used as an injection point. The non-integration is in a anticline structure, wherein one wing is directly connected with the hydrocarbon discharging area of the hydrocarbon source rock; the other wing is provided with an overflow point and extends to the edge of the model through the overflow point; the reservoir is positioned above the unconformity source rock, and the fault 1 is connected with the reservoir 1 at the unconformity anticline ridge part; the wing of the fault 2 on the side where the unconformity anticline is connected to the hydrocarbon expulsion area of the source rock will be unconformity connected to the reservoir 2.
The method for simulating the unconformity convergence ridge reservoir control mechanism comprises the following steps: oil gas is injected into the model from a hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone and is constrained by capillary force of a hydrocarbon discharge zone of mudstone and the hydrocarbon source rock, the oil gas is firstly filled into the hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone, after the oil gas saturation reaches a certain value, under the combined action of injection pressure and buoyancy of a hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone oil column, the oil gas overcomes the constraint of the capillary force of the hydrocarbon discharge zone of the hydrocarbon source rock, the oil gas enters unconformity, after an oil gas migration front edge reaches an unconformity anticline ridge, the oil gas gathers on two anticline wings from the anticline ridge from top to bottom until the anticline left wing migration front edge reaches an overflow point, meanwhile, a fault valve 1 and a fault valve 2 are opened, the oil gas is vertically adjusted to a shallow reservoir 1 and a reservoir 2 through the fault, the oil gathering quantity of the reservoir 1 and the reservoir 2 is compared, and the gathering ridge control mechanism is analyzed.
The two-dimensional seepage model for simulating the unconformity of the convergence ridge reservoir control mechanism is manufactured according to the following steps:
1. the lower glass plate is flatly placed on a table top, and the periphery of the upper surface of the lower glass plate is fixed with the hard sponge strips.
2. According to experimental design, a square area surrounded by the hard sponge strips is divided into a hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone, a hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharge area, an unconformity area, a reservoir 1, a reservoir 2, a fault 1, a fault 2 and a mudstone area by using narrow rubber strips, and the thickness of the used dividing rubber strips is the same as that of the hard sponge strips. The hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharging area is tightly attached to and located above the hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone, the hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone and the hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone are combined to form the hydrocarbon source rock, the hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone extends to the edge of the model to be 5-20mm away from the hard sponge strip to serve as an injection point, and the hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharging area is aligned with the hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone in the transverse direction. And a fault valve 1 and a fault valve 2 which respectively cross the fault 1 and the fault 2 are arranged, one end of the fault valve is fixed on the lower glass plate, and the other end of the fault valve penetrates through the segmentation rubber strip and the hard sponge strip to extend out of the model. The non-integration is in a anticline structure, wherein one wing is directly connected with the hydrocarbon discharging area of the hydrocarbon source rock, the tail end of the wing extends to be 5-20mm away from the hard sponge strip and is aligned with the high permeability zone of the hydrocarbon source rock; the other wing is provided with an overflow point and extends beyond the overflow point to the edge of the model. The fault 1 is connected with the reservoir 1 in the unconformity anticline ridge part; the wing of the fault 2 on the side where the unconformity anticline is connected to the hydrocarbon expulsion area of the source rock will be unconformity connected to the reservoir 2.
3. Firstly filling the finest particles simulating the mudstone in a hydrocarbon source rock hypertonic zone and a hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharge area, unconformity, reservoir 1, reservoir 2, fault 1, fault 2 and mudstone area, and removing surplus particles after trowelling and compacting to enable the upper surface of a particle accumulation body to be flush with the peripheral hard sponge strips.
4. And removing the finest particles filled in the hydrocarbon source rock hypertonic zone, the hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharge zone, the unconformity zone, the reservoir 1, the reservoir 2, the fault 1 and the fault 2, filling the hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharge zone with particles thicker than the mudstone zone, filling the hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharge zone, the unconformity zone, the reservoir 1, the reservoir 2, the fault 1 and the fault 2 with particles thicker than the hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharge zone, leveling and compacting.
5. And removing the adhesive tape used for dividing the area, and supplementing and removing the gap left by the adhesive tape by using particles with smaller particle sizes on two sides of the adhesive tape.
6. The upper glass plate was covered in alignment and the mold was secured around with a C-clamp.
The method for realizing the simulation of the unconformity convergence ridge reservoir control mechanism comprises the following steps: putting the manufactured model in a sealed container, vacuumizing and saturating water; horizontally placing the model, connecting the tail end of the injection pipeline with an injection needle, and enabling the injection needle to penetrate through the hard sponge strip and the mudstone area to enter an injection point; after the model is horizontally placed and translated into the transparent water tank, the model is ensured to be immersed in the water body, and the model is vertically or obliquely placed and fixed; starting a light source, injecting oil gas into a two-dimensional seepage model simulating an unconformity convergence ridge reservoir control mechanism by using a advection pump, simulating hydrocarbon generation of a hydrocarbon source rock, and under the constraint of capillary forces of a surrounding shale area and a hydrocarbon discharge area of the hydrocarbon source rock, firstly filling the hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone with the oil gas, after the oil gas saturation reaches a certain value, overcoming the constraint of the capillary forces of the hydrocarbon discharge area of the hydrocarbon source rock by the oil gas under the combined action of injection pressure and the buoyancy of a hydrocarbon column of the hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone, enabling the oil gas to enter the upper unconformity, enabling the oil gas to gather on two anticline wings from top to bottom from the anticline ridge until the anticline left wing migration front edge reaches an overflow point, simultaneously starting a fault valve 1 and a fault valve 2, vertically adjusting the oil gas to a shallow reservoir 1 and a reservoir 2 through the fault, and analyzing the convergence ridge reservoir control mechanism according to experimental results.
Specific examples of the invention are given below:
example one
As a preferred embodiment, the upper and lower glass plates are 5mm thick toughened glass, 300mm wide, 400mm high;
as a preferred embodiment, the width of the hard sponge strip is 10mm, and the thickness is 2 mm;
as a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the adhesive tape used for sealing the seepage area is 2mm, and the width is 2 mm;
as a preferred embodiment, the filling particle material in the model is glass beads;
as a preferred example, the model is not integrated and the reservoir is filled with 30-mesh glass beads, the hydrocarbon source rock hypertonic zone and the fault are filled with 20-mesh glass beads, the hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharge area is filled with 60-mesh glass beads, and the mudstone area is filled with 100-mesh glass beads.
As a preferred embodiment, the oil phase is simulated to be in the process of accumulation under the control action of unconformity convergence ridge;
as a preferred embodiment, the upper part and the lower part are not integrated to form a dorsal cline structure, and the dorsal cline wing angle is 60 degrees;
as a preferred embodiment, the inclination angles of the hydrocarbon source rock hypertonic section and the hydrocarbon discharging area of the hydrocarbon source rock are both 20 degrees;
as a preferred embodiment, the reservoir and unconformity thickness is 20mm, the hydrocarbon source rock upper and lower hydrocarbon zones are 10mm thick, and the hydrocarbon source rock hypertonic zones are 15mm thick; the upper and lower hydrocarbon regions of the source rock and the width of the high-permeability belt are 100 mm.
As a preferred embodiment, a fill flow of 0.1ml/min is used.
According to the specific implementation mode of the invention, the two-dimensional seepage model for simulating the unconformity convergence ridge reservoir control mechanism comprises the following steps:
1. flatly placing the lower glass plate on a desktop, and fixing hard sponge strips with the width of 10mm and the thickness of 2mm on the periphery of the upper surface of the lower glass plate;
2. according to experimental design, a direction area surrounded by the hard sponge strips is divided into a hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone, a hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharge area, an unconformity area, a reservoir 1, a reservoir 2, a fault 1, a fault 2 and a shale area by using narrow rubber strips, and the width and the thickness of the used dividing rubber strips are 2 mm. The hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone extends to the right side of the model to be 5mm away from the hard sponge strip to serve as a model injection point, the hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharge area is closely aligned with the hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone above the hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone, the hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharge area and the hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharge area are combined together to form the hydrocarbon source rock, and the hydrocarbon source rock is surrounded by upper and lower unconformity and mudstone. And a fault valve 1 and a fault valve 2 which respectively cross the fault 1 and the fault 2 are arranged, one section of the fault valve is fixed on the lower glass plate, and the other end of the fault valve penetrates through the segmentation rubber strip and the hard sponge strip to extend out of the model. Unconformity is in a anticline configuration, wherein the right wing is directly bordered and aligned with the hydrocarbon expulsion area of the source rock; the left wing is provided with an overflow point and extends to the edge of the model beyond the overflow point. The fault 1 is connected with the reservoir 1 in the unconformity anticline ridge part; the wing of the fault 2 on the side where the unconformity anticline is connected to the hydrocarbon expulsion area of the source rock will be unconformity connected to the reservoir 2.
3. Filling 100-mesh glass microspheres simulating mudstone in a hydrocarbon source rock hypertonic zone, a hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharge area, an unconformity area, a reservoir 1, a reservoir 2, a fault 1, a fault 2 and a mudstone area, and removing surplus particles after trowelling and compacting to enable the upper surface of a particle accumulation body to be flush with peripheral hard sponge strips;
4. removing 100-mesh glass beads filled in a hydrocarbon source rock hypertonic zone, a hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharge zone, an unconformity zone, a reservoir 1, a reservoir 2, a fault 1 and a fault 2, filling 30-mesh glass beads in the unconformity zone, the reservoir 1 and the reservoir 2, filling 20-mesh glass beads in the hydrocarbon source rock hypertonic zone, the fault 1 and the fault 2, filling 60-mesh glass beads in the hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharge zone, leveling and compacting;
5. removing the adhesive tape used for dividing the area, and supplementing and removing the gap left by the adhesive tape by using particles with smaller particle sizes on the two sides of the adhesive tape;
6. the upper glass plate was covered in alignment and the mold was secured around with a C-clamp.
The invention realizes the steps of simulating the unconformity convergence ridge reservoir control mechanism, which comprise the following steps:
1. vertically placing the manufactured model in a sealed container, vacuumizing for two hours, saturating water from bottom to top, and enabling the water body to submerge the model;
2. horizontally placing the model, connecting the tail end of the injection pipeline with an injection needle, and enabling the injection needle to penetrate through the hard sponge strip and the mudstone area to enter an injection point of the model;
3. after the model is horizontally placed and translated into the transparent water tank, the model is ensured to be immersed in the water body, and the model is vertically fixed;
4. the method comprises the steps of starting a light source, injecting oil gas into a two-dimensional seepage model simulating the unconformity convergence ridge control mechanism by using a advection pump at the flow rate of 0.1ml/min, simulating hydrocarbon generation of a hydrocarbon source rock, and under the constraint of capillary force of surrounding mud rock and a hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharge area, filling the oil gas into a hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone, after the oil gas saturation reaches a certain value, overcoming the constraint of the capillary force of the hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharge area by the oil gas under the combined action of injection pressure and hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone hydrocarbon column buoyancy, enabling the oil gas to enter the upper unconformity, enabling the oil gas to gather at two anticline wings from top to bottom after an oil gas migration front edge reaches the unconformity anticline ridge part, after 80 minutes of filling, enabling the anticline left anticline migration front edge to reach an overflow point, simultaneously starting a fault valve 1 and a fault valve 2, enabling the oil gas to be vertically adjusted to a shallow reservoir layer 1 and a reservoir layer 2 through the fault, and analyzing the convergence ridge control mechanism according to experimental results.
As can be seen from fig. 4, under example-given conditions; although the fault 1 and the fault 2 respectively communicate the unconformity reservoir 1 with the shallow reservoir 2, under the influence of the convergence ridge formed by unconformity anticline, oil phase scale aggregation occurs only in the shallow reservoir 1 communicating with the unconformity convergence ridge; whereas in shallow reservoirs 2 communicating with anticline wing faults, only a very small amount of oil phase accumulates.
Example two
Compared with the first example, under the premise that other conditions are kept unchanged, the small invisible anticline is arranged on the right wing without integrating the anticline, and the fault 2 is connected with the shallow reservoir 2 at the invisible small anticline ridge part, under the condition of the first example, even if the scale of the invisible small anticline is small, large-scale oil and gas enrichment still occurs in the corresponding shallow reservoir 2.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a device of mechanism is hidden to simulation unconformity convergence spine accuse, includes advection pump, injection pipeline, digital camera, two-dimensional seepage flow model, basin and light source, its characterized in that:
the two-dimensional seepage model is used for simulating an unconformity convergence ridge control and storage mechanism, the model adopts a sandwich structure, two glass plates with the same size are arranged in parallel in the vertical direction, and a circle of closed hard sponge strip is arranged between the two glass plates; a hydrocarbon source rock area, an unconformity area, a first reservoir area, a second reservoir area, a first fracture area, a second fracture area and a shale area are distributed in a gap defined by the inner surfaces of the two glass plates and the hard sponge strip together, and the hydrocarbon source rock area is divided into a hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone and a hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharge area; the first fault valve traverses the first fault area, the second fault valve traverses the second fault area, the first fault valve and the second fault valve are made of adhesive tapes with the thickness slightly larger than that of the hard sponge strip, one end of each of the two fault valves is arranged in the model, and the other end of each of the two fault valves penetrates through the hard sponge strip and extends out of the model; the particle size of the particle materials filled in the shale area is smaller than that of the particle materials filled in the hydrocarbon discharging area of the hydrocarbon source rock, and the particle size of the particle materials filled in the high permeability zone, the unconformity area, the first reservoir area, the second reservoir area, the first fault area and the second fault area of the hydrocarbon source rock is larger than that of the particle materials filled in the hydrocarbon discharging area of the hydrocarbon source rock; the hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone is surrounded by a mudstone area and a hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharge area; the hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone extends to the edge of the model to be 5-20mm away from the hard sponge strip to be used as an injection point; the non-integration area is of a anticline structure, one wing of the non-integration area is directly connected with the hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharge area, and the other wing of the non-integration area is provided with an overflow point and extends to the edge of the model through the overflow point; the reservoir region is located above the unconformity region and the source rock region; the first fault zone connects the unconformity zone with the first reservoir at an unconformity zone anticline ridge; the wing part of the second fault on one side connected with the hydrocarbon discharging area of the hydrocarbon source rock in the unconformity area anticline connects the unconformity area with the second reservoir; clamping the peripheries of the two glass plates by using a C-shaped clamp;
the two-dimensional seepage model is vertically and fixedly immersed in the water tank, and the water tank is a transparent water tank;
the advection pump is connected to an injection point of the two-dimensional seepage model through an injection pipeline;
the light source is a plane light source and is arranged outside the side wall of the water tank;
the digital camera is used for shooting the picture of the two-dimensional seepage model.
2. A method for simulating an unconformity converging ridge containment mechanism using the apparatus of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
starting a light source, injecting oil gas into the two-dimensional seepage model from the hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone through an advection pump, an injection pipeline and an injection point of the two-dimensional seepage model in the device, and under the constraint of capillary force of a hydrocarbon discharge area of mudstone and the hydrocarbon source rock in the two-dimensional seepage model, filling the oil gas into the hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone of the two-dimensional seepage model; after the oil-gas saturation reaches a certain value, under the combined action of the injection pressure of the two-dimensional seepage model and the buoyancy of a hydrocarbon source rock hypertonic zone oil column, the oil-gas overcomes the restriction of capillary force of a hydrocarbon discharging area of the hydrocarbon source rock of the two-dimensional seepage model, enters an unconformity area, and after an oil-gas migration front edge reaches an unconformity anticline ridge part, the oil-gas gathers on two anticline wings from top to bottom from the anticline ridge part until the anticline left wing migration front edge reaches an overflow point of the two-dimensional seepage model; and simultaneously opening a first fault valve and a second fault valve in the two-dimensional seepage model, vertically adjusting the oil gas to a first reservoir and a second reservoir in the two-dimensional seepage model through the faults, taking pictures through a digital camera, comparing the accumulated oil quantity of the first reservoir and the second reservoir, and analyzing the convergence ridge reservoir control mechanism according to the experimental result.
3. A method of making a two-dimensional percolation model in the device of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
firstly, flatly placing a lower glass plate on a desktop, and fixing hard sponge strips around the upper surface of the lower glass plate;
secondly, dividing a region surrounded by the hard sponge strips into a hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone, a hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharge zone, an unconformity zone, a first reservoir zone, a second reservoir zone, a first fault zone, a second fault zone and a shale zone by using narrow rubber strips according to experimental design, wherein the thickness of the used dividing rubber strips is the same as that of the hard sponge strips; after separation, the hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharging area is tightly attached to and positioned above the hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone, the hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone and the hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone are combined together to form a hydrocarbon source rock area, the hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone extends to the edge of the model to be 5mm-20mm away from the hard sponge strip to serve as an injection point, and the hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharging area is aligned with the hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone in the transverse direction; the unconformity area is in a anticline structure, wherein one wing is directly connected with the hydrocarbon discharging area of the hydrocarbon source rock, the tail end of the wing extends to be 5mm-20mm away from the hard sponge strip and is aligned with the high permeability zone of the hydrocarbon source rock; the other wing is provided with an overflow point and extends to the edge of the model through the overflow point; the first fault connects the unconformity region with the first reservoir region at the unconformity region anticline ridge part; the wing part of the second fault on one side of the unconformity anticline connected with the hydrocarbon discharging area of the hydrocarbon source rock is used for connecting the unconformity area with the second reservoir;
setting a first fault valve crossing the first fault area and a second fault valve crossing the second fault area; one end of each of the first fault valve and the second fault valve is fixed on the lower glass plate, and the other end of each of the first fault valve and the second fault valve penetrates through the separation rubber strip and the hard sponge strip to extend out of the model;
filling fine particles simulating mudstone in a hydrocarbon source rock high-permeability zone, a hydrocarbon draining zone, an unconformity zone, a first reservoir zone, a second reservoir zone, a first fault zone, a second fault zone and a mudstone zone, and removing surplus particles after trowelling and compacting to enable the upper surface of a particle accumulation body to be flush with peripheral hard sponge strips;
fifthly, removing the finest particles filled in the hydrocarbon source rock hypertonic area, the hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharging area, the unconformity area, the first reservoir area, the second reservoir area, the first fault area and the second fault area, filling the hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharging area with particles thicker than those in the mudstone area, filling the hydrocarbon source rock hypertonic area, the unconformity area, the first reservoir area, the second reservoir area, the first fault area and the second fault area with particles thicker than those in the hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharging area, leveling and compacting;
sixthly, removing narrow rubber strips used for separating the areas, and supplementing and removing gaps left by the narrow rubber strips by using particles with smaller particle sizes on two sides of the narrow rubber strips;
and seventhly, aligning and covering the upper glass plate, and clamping and fixing the upper glass plate and the lower glass plate by using C-shaped clamps on the periphery.
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