CN103266888A - System and method for visualization fracturing simulation experiment - Google Patents
System and method for visualization fracturing simulation experiment Download PDFInfo
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- CN103266888A CN103266888A CN2013101899301A CN201310189930A CN103266888A CN 103266888 A CN103266888 A CN 103266888A CN 2013101899301 A CN2013101899301 A CN 2013101899301A CN 201310189930 A CN201310189930 A CN 201310189930A CN 103266888 A CN103266888 A CN 103266888A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a system and method for a visualization fracturing simulation experiment. According to the technical scheme, the system comprises a visualization fracturing simulation experiment device, a pressure control module and a data acquisition module, wherein the visualization fracturing simulation experiment device is a square container, the pressure control module comprises a servo control injection pump, a confining pressure pump and the like, and the data acquisition module comprises a pressure data recorder and a high-definition high-frequency vidicon. Through combination of the visualization fracturing simulation experiment device and transparent specimens, crack initiation characteristics and expanding dynamic states of hydraulic fractures in interiors of the experiment specimens can be clearly known by researchers, and study of crack initiation mechanisms and expanding rules of the hydraulic fractures are deepened. According to the experiment method, crack initiation and expanding dynamic state videos of the fractures can be obtained, crack initiation and the expanding rules of the fractures can be clearly showed, storage of video data is simple, spreading is convenient, and the method can help the researchers to exchange experiment achievements across regions.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of pressure break analogue experiment installation and method, particularly a kind of visual pressure break experimental system for simulating and method.
Background technology
At present, each elephant and research unit never stop the research of pressure break mechanism, particularly in recent years, along with the high-efficiency mining to unconventional energy resource such as shale gas, coal bed gas, compact sandstone gas, more require fundamentally to get clear crack crack initiation and expansion mechanism, provide the basic theories support for obtaining high flow conductivity crack.Existing pressure break analogue experiment method all relies on non-visual experimental facilities, and opaque rock samples such as natural core or artificial core are carried out the pressure break simulation, finishes the back in pressure break and observes fracture pattern.Conventional method can only obtain final fracture pattern, can not directly obtain the crack initiation of experimental sample internal fissure and extended dynamic in real time, make the researcher can not know true crack initiation rule and the expansion situation in understanding crack, seriously restricted the research of researcher to hydraulic fracture (especially complicated crack) crack initiation mechanism and propagation law.Chinese patent literature number provides a kind of " fracturing fracture being carried out the method for visualizing monitor " for 101968348A, adopt the room temperature curing type fluent material as fracturing fluid, fluent material is injected the simulation wellbore hole of core sample, when core sample is produced the crack by pressure break, this fluent material is filled in the described crack and is full of described crack, after treating that fluent material solidify to form simulation fracture, simulation fracture is taken out and observes the form of this simulation fracture.Method of fracturing fracture being carried out visualizing monitor of the present invention, by selecting for use silicone oil and liquid silica gel as fracturing fluid, in the laboratory, the concrete core sample that has prepared is carried out the pressure break experiment, after fracturing fluid is filled fracturing fracture and is solidified, taking-up is by the crack of silica gel simulation, form by observing this simulation fracture reaches visual purpose to reappear crack expanded configuration at that time.The problem of its existence is: can only obtain final crack geometric shape, can't obtain the dynamic in real time of crack crack initiation and expansion, and the form that can't correctly show minute crack does not overcome the drawback that traditional pressure break analogue experiment method can only be observed the final form in crack in essence.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly the above-mentioned defective that exists at prior art, a kind of visual pressure break experimental system for simulating and method are provided, overcoming traditional pressure break analogue experiment method can not the crack initiation of real-time monitored crack and extended dynamic and can only study the drawback of final fracture pattern, in experimentation, obtain crack initiation and the extended dynamic of hydraulic fracture in transparent experimental sample in real time, thereby for the researcher studies crack crack initiation mechanism and propagation law provides experiment basis, the in-depth researcher is to the understanding of crack crack initiation mechanism and propagation law.
Its technical scheme is to comprise visual pressure break analogue experiment installation, pressure control module and data acquisition module, described visual pressure break analogue experiment installation is that tetragonal body describes device, mainly is made up of the upper top cover of a band groove and bolt eyelet, band groove and the lower shoe of bolt eyelet, two side shields, two high-strength transparence material walls, four bolts, three capsules and a sample chamber; Described upper top cover and lower shoe are processed with threaded bore and groove, are used for set bolt, high-strength transparence material wall and side shield when assembling; Described bolt is in the threaded bore of four jiaos of lower shoes; Described high-strength transparence material wall and side shield are fixed in the lower shoe groove; Described capsule and support iron block place the side shield inboard, and the capsule interface is corresponding with the side shield eyelet; Described sample chamber is surrounded by high-strength transparence material wall, capsule and upper top cover, and the top is provided with the simulation well;
The pressure control module comprises a SERVO CONTROL injection pump, three confined pressure pumps, three pressure-regulating valves, three pressure meters, three atmospheric valves; Wherein, the SERVO CONTROL injection pump links to each other with the simulation well, is used for pumping into simulation fracturing fluid fracturing experimental sample toward experimental sample; Three confined pressure pumps link to each other with three capsule interfaces respectively, are used for sample is applied maximum horizontal stress, minimum level stress and vertical stress, with simulates real ply stress state on the spot; Pressure-control valve is used for adjusting the confined pressure size; Pressure meter is used to indicate the confined pressure size; Atmospheric valve is used for the unloading confined pressure;
Data acquisition module comprises a pressure data recorder, two high definition high frequency camera shooting machines; Wherein, described pressure data recorder links to each other with the SERVO CONTROL injection pump, is used for real time record eyelet pressure size and Changing Pattern; Two high definition high frequency camera shooting machines are right against two high-strength transparence material walls respectively, are used for the real time record hydraulic fracture in crack initiation and the spread scenarios of transparent experimental sample inside.
A kind of visual pressure break analogue experiment method comprises following experimental procedure:
1. experiment is prepared: according to requirement of experiment, utilize chemical method to prepare the transparent sample of varying strength;
2. experimental sample is placed: experimental sample is placed sample chamber, build upper top cover, and with the good visual pressure break analogue experiment installation of bolt, described visual pressure break analogue experiment installation is that tetragonal body describes device, mainly is made up of the upper top cover of a band groove and bolt eyelet, band groove and the lower shoe of bolt eyelet, two side shields, two high-strength transparence material walls, four bolts, three capsules and a sample chamber;
3. connect visual pressure break experimental system for simulating: utilize high pressure line to connect three capsules and corresponding confined pressure pump, setting pressure table, pressure-regulating valve and atmospheric valve on pipeline simultaneously respectively; Utilize high pressure line to connect simulation well and SERVO CONTROL injection pump, connect SERVO CONTROL injection pump and pressure data recorder simultaneously; Two high definition high frequency camera shooting machines are right against two high-strength transparence material walls respectively;
4. prepare data collecting system: starting pressure data logger and high definition high frequency camera shooting machine;
5. apply confined pressure: close atmospheric valve, start the confined pressure pump, regulate pressure-regulating valve, with maximum horizontal stress, minimum level stress and vertical stress, be adjusted to the experiment desirable value respectively;
6. apply eyelet pressure, fracturing sample.Start the SERVO CONTROL injection pump, pump into the simulation fracturing fluid with given pace in the well toward presetting, the fracturing experimental sample utilizes pressure data recorder register hole borehole pressure size and Changing Pattern simultaneously gradually, utilizes crack initiation and the extended dynamic in high definition high frequency camera shooting machine record crack;
7. after the sample end is arrived in fracture propagation, close the SERVO CONTROL injection pump; Close the confined pressure pump, open atmospheric valve, unloading confined pressure; Close high definition high frequency camera shooting machine, pressure data recorder;
8. dismantle upper top cover, take out experimental sample, observe the final form in Taking Pictures recording crack.
Above-mentioned transparent sample adopts styrene-vinyl acetate co-polymer.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the combination of visual pressure break analogue experiment installation and transparent sample, can make the researcher be well understood to the inner hydraulic fracture crack initiation characteristic of experimental sample and extended dynamic, in-depth is to the research of hydraulic fracture crack initiation mechanism and propagation law; This experimental technique can obtain the dynamic video recording of crack crack initiation and expansion, can clearly show crack crack initiation and propagation law, and the storage of video recording data is simple, and it is convenient to propagate, and can help researcher's cross-region to exchange the experiment achievement; Described device manufacturing is simple, cheap for manufacturing cost; Described capsule manufacture craft is simple, and the bearing strength height is exerted pressure steadily; Described experimental sample has certain fragility, and to a certain extent with the natural rock similar performance, and it has certain transparency, makes the internal fissure expansion as seen.The present invention has inherited the basic function of traditional means of experiment, overcome traditional pressure break analogue experiment method simultaneously and can only observe the drawback of final fracture pattern, visual pressure break analogue experiment installation and transparent experimental sample have been made innovatively, the function that possesses real-time visual monitoring sample internal fissure crack initiation and extended dynamic, improved the understanding of researcher to crack crack initiation mechanism and propagation law, and can be correlation theory research and provide experiment to support.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is visual pressure break experimental system for simulating schematic diagram;
Accompanying drawing 2 is visual pressure break analogue experiment installation graphics;
Accompanying drawing 3 is that visual pressure break analogue experiment installation master looks half-sectional view;
Accompanying drawing 4 is that half-sectional view is looked on a visual pressure break analogue experiment installation left side;
Accompanying drawing 5 is that visual pressure break analogue experiment installation is overlooked full sectional drawing;
Among the last figure: data acquisition module 1, visual pressure break analogue experiment installation 2, pressure control module 3, SERVO CONTROL injection pump 4, confined pressure pump 5, pressure-regulating valve 6, pressure meter 7, atmospheric valve 8, high definition high frequency camera shooting machine 9, pressure data recorder 10, bolt 11, high-strength transparence material wall 12, sample chamber 13, simulation well 14, upper top cover 15, capsule interface 16, lower shoe 17, side shield 18, capsule 19, support iron block 20.
The specific embodiment
1-5 by reference to the accompanying drawings, the invention will be further described:
The present invention includes visual pressure break analogue experiment installation 2, pressure control module 3 and data acquisition module 1, described visual pressure break analogue experiment installation 2 is that tetragonal body describes device, mainly is made up of the upper top cover 15 of a band groove and bolt eyelet, band groove and the lower shoe 17 of bolt eyelet, two side shields 18, two high-strength transparence material walls 12, four bolts 11, three capsules 19 and a sample chamber 13; Described upper top cover 15 and lower shoe 17 are processed with threaded bore and groove, are used for set bolt 11, high-strength transparence material wall 12 and side shield 18 when assembling; Described bolt 11 is fixed in the threaded bore of 17 4 jiaos of lower shoes; Described high-strength transparence material wall 12 and side shield 18 are fixed in the lower shoe groove; Described capsule 19 and support iron block 20 place the side shield inboard, and capsule interface 16 is corresponding with the side shield eyelet; Described sample chamber 13 is surrounded by high-strength transparence material wall 12, capsule 19 and upper top cover 15, and the top is provided with simulation well 14, and except simulation well 14, all there is excellent sealing sample chamber 13 other positions.
Pressure control module 3 comprises a SERVO CONTROL injection pump 4, three confined pressure pumps 5, three pressure-regulating valves 6, three pressure meters 7, three atmospheric valves 8; Wherein, SERVO CONTROL injection pump 4 links to each other with simulation well 14, is used for pumping into simulation fracturing fluid fracturing experimental sample toward experimental sample; Three confined pressure pumps 5 link to each other with three capsule interfaces 16 respectively, are used for sample is applied maximum horizontal stress, minimum level stress and vertical stress, with simulates real ply stress state on the spot; Pressure-control valve 6 is used for adjusting the confined pressure size; Pressure meter is used to indicate the confined pressure size; Atmospheric valve 8 is used for the unloading confined pressure;
Data acquisition module 1 comprises a pressure data recorder 10, two high definition high frequency camera shooting machines 9; Wherein, described pressure data recorder 10 links to each other with SERVO CONTROL injection pump 4, is used for real time record eyelet pressure size and Changing Pattern; Two high definition high frequency camera shooting machines 9 are right against two high-strength transparence material walls 12 respectively, are used for the real time record hydraulic fracture in crack initiation and the spread scenarios of transparent experimental sample inside.
A kind of visual pressure break analogue experiment method comprises following experimental procedure:
1. experiment is prepared: according to requirement of experiment, utilize chemical method to prepare the transparent sample of varying strength: styrene-vinyl acetate co-polymer;
2. experimental sample is placed: experimental sample is placed sample chamber, build upper top cover, and with the good visual pressure break analogue experiment installation of bolt, described visual pressure break analogue experiment installation 2 is that tetragonal body describes device, mainly is made up of the upper top cover 15 of a band groove and bolt eyelet, band groove and the lower shoe 17 of bolt eyelet, two side shields 18, two high-strength transparence material walls 12, four bolts 11, three capsules 19 and a sample chamber 13;
3. connect visual pressure break experimental system for simulating: utilize high pressure line to connect three capsules and corresponding confined pressure pump, setting pressure table, pressure-regulating valve and atmospheric valve on pipeline simultaneously respectively; Utilize high pressure line to connect simulation well and SERVO CONTROL injection pump, connect SERVO CONTROL injection pump and pressure data recorder simultaneously; Two high definition high frequency camera shooting machines are right against two high-strength transparence material walls respectively;
4. prepare data collecting system: starting pressure data logger and high definition high frequency camera shooting machine;
5. apply confined pressure: close atmospheric valve, start the confined pressure pump, regulate pressure-regulating valve, with maximum horizontal stress, minimum level stress and vertical stress, be adjusted to the experiment desirable value respectively;
6. apply eyelet pressure, fracturing sample.Start the SERVO CONTROL injection pump, pump into the simulation fracturing fluid with given pace in the well toward presetting, the fracturing experimental sample utilizes pressure data recorder register hole borehole pressure size and Changing Pattern simultaneously gradually, utilizes crack initiation and the extended dynamic in high definition high frequency camera shooting machine record crack;
7. after the sample end is arrived in fracture propagation, close the SERVO CONTROL injection pump; Close the confined pressure pump, open atmospheric valve, unloading confined pressure; Close high definition high frequency camera shooting machine, pressure data recorder;
8. dismantle upper top cover, take out experimental sample, observe the final form in Taking Pictures recording crack.
Need to prove that through retrieval, Chinese patent literature number is similar on name to the present invention for 101968348A patent (calling " prior art " in the following text), but patent content is diverse, difference is:
1. experimental facilities difference.The used experimental facilities of prior art is traditional pressure break analogue experiment installation, does not have transparent visuality; Experimental facilities involved in the present invention is novel visual pressure break analogue experiment installation, and the device wall is the high-strength transparence material, has visuality.
2. experimental sample difference.The experiment of the used sample of prior art is traditional opaque rock sample, and the crack expansion process of portion within it is not visible; The used sample of the present invention is the transparent sample of utilizing chemical method to make, and the crack expansion process of portion within it is visual.
3. experimental principle difference.The experimental principle of prior art is to solidify the form that vestige shows final crack with colored liquid in sample, is still the final form in research crack in essence; Principle of the present invention is to utilize described visual pressure break experimental system for simulating, in described visual pressure break analogue experiment installation to described transparent experimental sample fracturing, intuitively show hydraulic fracture crack initiation and extended dynamic in transparent sample to simulate of the fracturing fluid flow regime, thereby reach visual purpose.
4. experimental result difference.Prior art can only obtain final crack geometric shape, can't obtain the dynamic in real time of crack crack initiation and expansion, and can't correctly show the form of minute crack, does not overcome the drawback that traditional pressure break analogue experiment method can only be observed the final form in crack in essence; The present invention has inherited the function of traditional pressure break simulated experiment, namely obtains final fracture pattern, and in addition, the present invention can obtain crack crack initiation and extended dynamic in real time, has overcome the drawback that traditional pressure break analogue experiment method can only be observed final form.
5. research mode difference.Prior art is the form that vestige is studied the crack indirectly of solidifying by colored liquid; The present invention is based on experimental system visualizing and transparent experimental sample and can directly study crack crack initiation and extended dynamic.
Through the above, the present invention is only similar on name to prior art, be diverse at particular contents such as experimental facilities, experimental sample, experimental principle, experimental result, research modes, and the present invention has overcome shortcoming and the deficiency of prior art, has very strong novelty, therefore, the present invention is brand-new invention, does not have similitude with prior art.
Claims (4)
1. visual pressure break experimental system for simulating is characterized in that: comprise visual pressure break analogue experiment installation (2), pressure control module (3) and data acquisition module (1),
Described visual pressure break analogue experiment installation (2) is that tetragonal body describes device, mainly is made up of lower shoe (17), two side shields (18), two high-strength transparence material walls (12), four bolts (11), three capsules (19) and a sample chamber (13) of the upper top cover (15) of a band groove and bolt eyelet, band groove and bolt eyelet; Described upper top cover (15) and lower shoe (17) are processed with threaded bore and groove, are used for set bolt (11), high-strength transparence material wall (12) and side shield (18) when assembling; Described bolt (11) is fixed in the threaded bore of (17) four jiaos of lower shoes; Described high-strength transparence material wall (12) and side shield (18) are fixed in the lower shoe groove; Described capsule (19) and support iron block (20) place the side shield inboard, and capsule interface (16) is corresponding with the side shield eyelet; Described sample chamber (13) is surrounded by high-strength transparence material wall (12), capsule (19) and upper top cover (15), and the top is provided with simulation well (14);
Pressure control module (3) comprises a SERVO CONTROL injection pump (4), three confined pressure pumps (5), three pressure-regulating valves (6), three pressure meters (7), three atmospheric valves (8); Wherein, SERVO CONTROL injection pump (4) links to each other with simulation well (14), is used for pumping into simulation fracturing fluid fracturing experimental sample toward experimental sample; Three confined pressure pumps (5) link to each other with three capsule interfaces (16) respectively, are used for sample is applied maximum horizontal stress, minimum level stress and vertical stress, with simulates real ply stress state on the spot; Pressure-control valve (6) is used for adjusting the confined pressure size; Pressure meter is used to indicate the confined pressure size; Atmospheric valve (8) is used for the unloading confined pressure;
Data acquisition module (1) comprises a pressure data recorder (10), two high definition high frequency camera shooting machines (9); Wherein, described pressure data recorder (10) links to each other with SERVO CONTROL injection pump (4), is used for real time record eyelet pressure size and Changing Pattern; Two high definition high frequency camera shooting machines (9) are right against two high-strength transparence material walls (12) respectively, are used for the real time record hydraulic fracture in crack initiation and the spread scenarios of transparent experimental sample inside.
2. visual pressure break analogue experiment method is characterized in that: comprise following experimental procedure:
1. experiment is prepared: according to requirement of experiment, utilize chemical method to prepare the transparent sample of varying strength;
2. experimental sample is placed: experimental sample is placed sample chamber, build upper top cover, and with the good visual pressure break analogue experiment installation of bolt, described visual pressure break analogue experiment installation (2) is that tetragonal body describes device, mainly is made up of lower shoe (17), two side shields (18), two high-strength transparence material walls (12), four bolts (11), three capsules (19) and a sample chamber (13) of the upper top cover (15) of a band groove and bolt eyelet, band groove and bolt eyelet;
3. connect visual pressure break experimental system for simulating: utilize high pressure line to connect three capsules and corresponding confined pressure pump, setting pressure table, pressure-regulating valve and atmospheric valve on pipeline simultaneously respectively; Utilize high pressure line to connect simulation well and SERVO CONTROL injection pump, connect SERVO CONTROL injection pump and pressure data recorder simultaneously; Two high definition high frequency camera shooting machines are right against two high-strength transparence material walls respectively;
4. prepare data collecting system: starting pressure data logger and high definition high frequency camera shooting machine;
5. apply confined pressure: close atmospheric valve, start the confined pressure pump, regulate pressure-regulating valve, with maximum horizontal stress, minimum level stress and vertical stress, be adjusted to the experiment desirable value respectively;
6. apply eyelet pressure, fracturing sample.
3. start the SERVO CONTROL injection pump, pump into the simulation fracturing fluid with given pace in the well toward presetting, the fracturing experimental sample utilizes pressure data recorder register hole borehole pressure size and Changing Pattern simultaneously gradually, utilizes crack initiation and the extended dynamic in high definition high frequency camera shooting machine record crack;
7. after the sample end is arrived in fracture propagation, close the SERVO CONTROL injection pump; Close the confined pressure pump, open atmospheric valve, unloading confined pressure; Close high definition high frequency camera shooting machine, pressure data recorder;
8. dismantle upper top cover, take out experimental sample, observe the final form in Taking Pictures recording crack.
4. visual pressure break analogue experiment method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described transparent sample employing styrene-vinyl acetate co-polymer.
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