CN107877964A - 一种保温防水复合材料 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种保温防水复合材料,属于保温防水材料领域。所述保温防水复合材料由内到外依次为纳米二氧化硅溶胶层、聚四氟乙烯微孔薄膜层、牛津布层和保温层,其中,所述保温层采用保温棉材料,具体包括以下按重量份数计的组分:黏土熟料20‑30份、氧化铝粉10‑15份、硅石粉10‑30份、铬英粉20‑30份、蚕丝纤维10‑15份、海泡石纳米纤维2‑3份。本发明保温防水复合材料由外层保温层和内层防水层构成,既能满足保温需求,减少能源消耗,防水层在牛津布为基层的基础上采用聚四氟乙烯微孔薄膜压合和纳米二氧化硅溶胶层涂覆,其不仅具有优良的防水性能,还能保证使用寿命。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种复合材料,具体涉及一种保温防水复合材料,属 于保温防水材料领域。
技术背景
在日常生活中,人们在露营时使用的帐篷的面料多为防水面料, 但由于不能很好的透气,其内部会比较闷热,并且现有的面料的保温 效果不足,不能很好的保持帐篷内的温度。现有的生产衣服的面料一 般由一种材质制成,特点也比较单一,造成面料柔软和透气度等特点 不可兼得,经过多次使用或洗涤后容易变型,也有为了保持衣服的衣 型而降低了衣服的柔软性,这将大大降低了穿着衣服的舒适度,同时 面料的丝线结构比较简单,会造成纺织得到的面料出现针眼偏斜的情 况出现,影响面料的视觉效果,甚至导致面料的报废。
目前面料具有保温的效果,长采用加层、加厚的方式,虽然达到 了保温的效果,但是增加了面料的厚度和重量,使得质感和手感下降, 同时导湿性也大大下降了。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术中存在的上述问题,提出了一种性 能好、使用寿命持久的保温防水复合材料。
本发明的上述目的通过如下技术方案来实现:一种保温防水复合 材料,所述保温防水复合材料由内到外依次为纳米二氧化硅溶胶层、 聚四氟乙烯微孔薄膜层、牛津布层和保温层,其中,所述保温层采用 保温棉材料,具体包括以下按重量份数计的组分:黏土熟料20-30份、 氧化铝粉10-15份、硅石粉10-30份、铬英粉20-30份、蚕丝纤维10-15 份、海泡石纳米纤维2-3份。
本发明中的保温棉采用黏土熟料、氧化铝粉、硅石粉和铬英粉为 主要组成成分,在此基础上加入了蚕丝纤维和海泡石纳米纤维,蚕丝 纤维具有优良的保温性能,而海泡石纳米纤维能促进蚕丝纤维与黏土 熟料的共融性,两者混合使用能使制得的保温棉材料保温性能更加优 异;内层采用牛津布,牛津布色泽柔和、布身柔软、透气性好且防水 性能强,在牛津布的基础上还覆盖了聚四氟乙烯微孔薄膜和纳米二氧 化硅溶胶层,使内层的防水效果进一步提升。
聚四氟乙烯微孔薄膜具有明显的各向异性特性,薄膜的斜向是薄 膜拉伸机械性能最薄弱的方向。薄膜的各向异性还体现在松弛和蠕变 性能上,不同方向上薄膜的蠕变和松弛特性有很大的差异。薄膜受力 变形后,其疏水性能增加,因此将其覆盖于本发明中的牛津布上,能 使其具有更优良的防水性。
纳米二氧化硅溶胶是二氧化硅纳米级粒子在水中形成的胶体,该 胶体分子表面具有羟基,纳米级硅溶胶粒子渗透性好,渗透到基材表 面的毛细孔中,堵塞毛细孔,降低开放孔数,增加封闭孔数,从而抑 制、减少基层对涂料水分的吸收,使得这种吸收变的得很均匀,干燥 变的均匀,增加涂层的致密性,提高防水能力。硅溶胶中氧化钠含量 低,一旦成膜就不会再溶解的特性,因而使涂膜具有很好的耐水性。 本发明在聚四氟乙烯微孔薄膜的基础上,涂覆了纳米二氧化硅溶胶 层,不仅能进一步加强其防水能力,同时也起保护作用,使防水层更 加牢固。
在本发明一种保温防水复合材料中,保温层的保温材料中加入蚕 丝纤维。蚕丝纤维由两根呈三角形或半椭圆形的丝素外包丝胶组成, 横截面呈椭圆形。蚕丝纤维为蛋白质纤维,丝胶和丝素是其主要组成 部分。蚕丝的导热系数为0.05-0.055W/(m℃),其保温性能好,且蚕 丝纤维为多孔隙纤维结构,由许多细小的纤维组成,纤维间含有的空 气能阻止热量的散发,在棉料中添加使用,能很好的调节棉料内外的 气流与湿度,具有极好的保温性能。作为优选,本发明中蚕丝纤维的 线密度为2.5-4.0dtex。
另外,本发明保温棉材料中还包括海泡石纳米纤维。海泡石纳米 纤维是一种天然矿物纤维,是海泡石矿物的纤维状变种,称之为α- 海泡石。海泡石纳米纤维质轻、柔软、有很强的吸附性,在本发明中 加入海泡石纳米纤维,使海泡石纳米纤维作为催化剂,使得蚕丝纤维 与黏土熟料等原料更好的融合,从而发挥其复合作用。本发明中,海 泡石纳米纤维的直径为90-100nm。
在上述一种保温防水复合材料中,所述保温层的保温棉为4-5层。 在应用过程中,保温棉起保温的作用,能够保证在一定时间内,应用 保温棉装备的温度保持在设定温度范围,因此本发明中保温棉采用4-5层。保温效果随着层数的增加而上升,但大于5层,其保温效果 无明显优化且成本较高。
在本发明中,所述牛津布由50-55份经纱和45-50份纬纱交织而 成。所述经纱为200D阳离子空变丝,所述纬纱为160D锦纶空变丝。 空变丝是运用特殊加工技术,产生具有天然亚麻的凹凸手感与柔软触 感,同时又克服了天然亚麻的易皱性,可水洗,易护理。采用空变丝 制成的牛津布具有手感柔软、悬垂性强、风格新颖、防水性能优良的 特点。
在本发明一种保温防水复合材料中,所述纳米二氧化硅溶胶层通 过PU胶水与聚四氟乙烯微孔薄膜进行粘合。PU胶水具有优异的粘 接牢度,耐热耐候性能好,无色半透明,环保无毒,操作方便,适合 于流水线生产。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种上述保温防水复合材料的制 备方法,所述的制备方法包括如下步骤:
将上述保温棉组份进行高温熔融形成流体,经甩丝机甩丝成纤维 状,经过集棉器集棉后,形成保温棉;将保温棉进行重复压合4-5次, 达到所需层数得保温层;
按组成牛津布的经纱和纬纱组份进行纺织加工形成牛津布层;
将聚四氟乙烯树脂经模压、烧结、冷却成毛坯,再经车削,压延 制成聚四氟乙烯薄膜,趁热与牛津布进行压合,冷却后得薄膜复合牛 津布;
将纳米二氧化硅溶胶与PU胶水进行混合搅拌均匀后通过涂覆机 涂覆于薄膜复合牛津布上,并烘干定型得复合层;
将保温层铺在复合层的牛津布表面,得保温防水复合材料成品。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优点:
1、本发明保温防水复合材料由外层保温层和内层防水层构成, 保温层采用4-5层保温棉,既能满足保温需求,减少能源消耗,防水 层在牛津布为基层的基础上采用聚四氟乙烯微孔薄膜压合和纳米二 氧化硅溶胶层涂覆,其不仅具有优良的防水性能,还能保证使用寿命。
2、本发明保温防水复合材料保温棉中加入了两种纤维材料,能 使保温效果进一步增强,同时牛津布中采用锦纶空变丝和阳离子空变 丝,能够提高制得的牛津布的耐磨性和防水性能。
3、本发明材料选用合理,同时配合合适的制备方法,使得到的 保温防水复合材料兼具保温和防水性能,同时能节约能耗,持久耐用。
具体实施方式
以下是本发明的具体实施例,对本发明的技术方案作进一步的描 述,但本发明并不限于这些实施例。
表1:本发明实施例1-5制备保温防水复合材料的组份及其重量份数
实施例1:
按实施例1保温棉组份进行高温熔融形成流体,经甩丝机甩丝成 纤维状,经过集棉器集棉后,形成保温棉;将保温棉进行重复压合4 次,达到所需层数得保温层;
将50份阳离子空变丝和45份160D锦纶空变丝进行纺织加工形 成牛津布层;
将聚四氟乙烯树脂经模压、烧结、冷却成毛坯,再经车削,压延 制成聚四氟乙烯薄膜,趁热与牛津布进行压合,冷却后得薄膜复合牛 津布;
将纳米二氧化硅溶胶与PU胶水进行混合搅拌均匀后通过涂覆机 涂覆于薄膜复合牛津布上,并烘干定型得复合层;
将保温层铺在复合层的牛津布表面,得保温防水复合材料成品。
实施例2:
按实施例2保温棉组份进行高温熔融形成流体,经甩丝机甩丝成 纤维状,经过集棉器集棉后,形成保温棉;将保温棉进行重复压合4 次,达到所需层数得保温层;
将51份阳离子空变丝和46份160D锦纶空变丝进行纺织加工形 成牛津布层;
将聚四氟乙烯树脂经模压、烧结、冷却成毛坯,再经车削,压延 制成聚四氟乙烯薄膜,趁热与牛津布进行压合,冷却后得薄膜复合牛 津布;
将纳米二氧化硅溶胶与PU胶水进行混合搅拌均匀后通过涂覆机 涂覆于薄膜复合牛津布上,并烘干定型得复合层;
将保温层铺在复合层的牛津布表面,得保温防水复合材料成品。
实施例3
按实施例3保温棉组份进行高温熔融形成流体,经甩丝机甩丝成 纤维状,经过集棉器集棉后,形成保温棉;将保温棉进行重复压合4 次,达到所需层数得保温层;
将52份阳离子空变丝和47份160D锦纶空变丝进行纺织加工形 成牛津布层;
将聚四氟乙烯树脂经模压、烧结、冷却成毛坯,再经车削,压延 制成聚四氟乙烯薄膜,趁热与牛津布进行压合,冷却后得薄膜复合牛 津布;
将纳米二氧化硅溶胶与PU胶水进行混合搅拌均匀后通过涂覆机 涂覆于薄膜复合牛津布上,并烘干定型得复合层;
将保温层铺在复合层的牛津布表面,得保温防水复合材料成品。
实施例4
按实施例4保温棉组份进行高温熔融形成流体,经甩丝机甩丝成 纤维状,经过集棉器集棉后,形成保温棉;将保温棉进行重复压合4 次,达到所需层数得保温层;
将53份阳离子空变丝和48份160D锦纶空变丝进行纺织加工形 成牛津布层;
将聚四氟乙烯树脂经模压、烧结、冷却成毛坯,再经车削,压延 制成聚四氟乙烯薄膜,趁热与牛津布进行压合,冷却后得薄膜复合牛 津布;
将纳米二氧化硅溶胶与PU胶水进行混合搅拌均匀后通过涂覆机 涂覆于薄膜复合牛津布上,并烘干定型得复合层;
将保温层铺在复合层的牛津布表面,得保温防水复合材料成品。
实施例5
按实施例5保不能温棉组份进行高温熔融形成流体,经甩丝机 甩丝成纤维状,经过集棉器集棉后,形成保温棉;将保温棉进行重复 压合4次,达到所需层数得保温层;
将54份阳离子空变丝和49份160D锦纶空变丝进行纺织加工形 成牛津布层;
将聚四氟乙烯树脂经模压、烧结、冷却成毛坯,再经车削,压延 制成聚四氟乙烯薄膜,趁热与牛津布进行压合,冷却后得薄膜复合牛 津布;
将纳米二氧化硅溶胶与PU胶水进行混合搅拌均匀后通过涂覆机 涂覆于薄膜复合牛津布上,并烘干定型得复合层;
将保温层铺在复合层的牛津布表面,得保温防水复合材料成品。
实施例6
按实施例6保温棉组份进行高温熔融形成流体,经甩丝机甩丝成 纤维状,经过集棉器集棉后,形成保温棉;将保温棉进行重复压合4 次,达到所需层数得保温层;
将55份阳离子空变丝和50份160D锦纶空变丝进行纺织加工形 成牛津布层;
将聚四氟乙烯树脂经模压、烧结、冷却成毛坯,再经车削,压延 制成聚四氟乙烯薄膜,趁热与牛津布进行压合,冷却后得薄膜复合牛 津布;
将纳米二氧化硅溶胶与PU胶水进行混合搅拌均匀后通过涂覆机 涂覆于薄膜复合牛津布上,并烘干定型得复合层;
将保温层铺在复合层的牛津布表面,得保温防水复合材料成品。
对比例1
选取市售保温防水材料。
对比例2
与实施例1的区别仅在于,该对比例保温防水复合材料中组成保 温棉的材料不含蚕丝纤维,其他与实施例1相同,此处不再累述。
对比例3
与实施例1的区别仅在于,该对比例保温防水复合材料中组成保 温棉的材料不含海泡石纳米纤维,其他与实施例1相同,此处不再累 述。
对比例4
与实施例1的区别仅在于,该对比例保温防水复合材料中不含有 聚四氟乙烯薄膜,其他与实施例1相同,此处不再累述。
对比例5
与实施例1的区别仅在于,该对比例保温防水复合材料中不含有 纳米二氧化硅溶胶层,其他与实施例1相同,此处不再累述。
对上述实施例1-6及对比例1-5制得的保温防水复合材料进行性 能检测,测试结果见表2。
表2:实施例1-6及对比例1-5中保温防水复合材料性能检测结 果
实施例 | 透水情况 | 吸水率% | 导热系数W/m.K |
实施例1 | 不透水 | 2.7 | 0.025 |
实施例2 | 不透水 | 2.6 | 0.027 |
实施例3 | 不透水 | 2.5 | 0.025 |
实施例4 | 不透水 | 2.7 | 0.026 |
实施例5 | 不透水 | 2.5 | 0.024 |
实施例6 | 不透水 | 2.6 | 0.027 |
对比例1 | 透水 | 8.7 | 0.045 |
对比例2 | 不透水 | 3.8 | 0.032 |
对比例3 | 不透水 | 4.0 | 0.034 |
对比例4 | 透水 | 5.6 | 0.041 |
对比例5 | 透水 | 5.9 | 0.038 |
综上所述,从本发明对比例和实施例可以看出,本发明保温防水 复合材料采用纳米二氧化硅溶胶层、聚四氟乙烯微孔薄膜层、牛津布 层和保温层四层结构,制得的保温防水复合材料保温防水性能优良, 且能节约能耗,持久耐用。
本文中所描述的具体实施例仅仅是对本发明精神作举例说明。本 发明所属技术领域的技术人员可以对所描述的具体实施例做各种修 改或补充或采用类似的方式替代,但并不会偏离本发明的精神或者超 越所附权利要求书所定义的范围。
尽管对本发明已作出了详细的说明并引证了一些具体实施例,但 是对本领域熟练技术人员来说,只要不离开本发明的精神和范围可作 各种变化或修正是显然的。
Claims (7)
1.一种保温防水复合材料,其特征在于,所述保温防水复合材料由内到外依次为纳米二氧化硅溶胶层、聚四氟乙烯微孔薄膜层、牛津布层和保温层,其中,所述保温层采用保温棉材料,具体包括以下按重量份数计的组分:黏土熟料20-30份、氧化铝粉10-15份、硅石粉10-30份、铬英粉20-30份、蚕丝纤维10-15份、海泡石纳米纤维2-3份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种保温防水复合材料,其特征在于,所述外层保温层的保温棉为4-5层。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种保温防水复合材料,其特征在于,所述蚕丝纤维的线密度为2.5-4.0dtex。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种保温防水复合材料,其特征在于,所述海泡石纳米纤维的直径为90-100nm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种保温防水复合材料,其特征在于,所述牛津布由50-55份经纱和45-50份纬纱交织而成,所述经纱为200D阳离子空变丝,所述纬纱为160D锦纶空变丝。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种保温防水复合材料,其特征在于,聚四氟乙烯微孔薄膜通过趁热压合压覆于牛津布上。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种保温防水复合材料,其特征在于,所述聚四氟乙烯微孔薄膜和纳米二氧化硅溶胶层通过PU胶水粘合。
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