CN107865193A - A kind of Penaeus Vannmei environmental protection expanded pellet diet and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of Penaeus Vannmei environmental protection expanded pellet diet and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Penaeus Vannmei environmental protection expanded pellet diet and preparation method thereof.The Penaeus Vannmei environmental protection expanded pellet diet of the present invention be the feedstuff by following weight proportion through crushing, mix, feed base-material is made, adds water, be made through extrusion, granulation, curing：65 80 parts of protein sources raw material, 27 parts of fat source raw material, 16 20 parts of sugar source raw material, 0.05 0.2 parts of B B-complex, 0.5 2.0 parts of composite mineral salt, 0 0.2 parts of phagostimulant.The present invention, from digestibility high animal protein source and vegetable protein source, overcomes the unbalanced problem of single Proteinogenic amino acids according to the nutritional need feature of Penaeus Vannmei, advantageously reduce ammonia nitrogen discharge, reduce environmental pollution, while improve formula, beneficial to expanded and cultivation；The feed coefficient of expanded pellet diet of the present invention is not higher than 1.1, and most of toxin and ANFs are destroyed, and the stability in water is splendid, the density of expanded pellet feed is more than 1.4, and curing degree ＞ 80, nutrition is more comprehensively, good compared with plain particles material palatability, feed efficiency is higher.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of prawn feed and preparation method thereof, and in particular to a kind of Penaeus Vannmei environmental protection expanded pellet diet
And preparation method thereof, belong to technical field of aquaculture feedstuff.
Background technology
Penaeus Vannmei (Penaeus vannamei Boone) originates in America pacific rim waters, is mainly distributed secret
Northern Shandong portion to the Gulf of Mexico is littoral, is concentrated the most along the distribution of Penaeus Vannmei bank with Ecuador.Penaeus Vannmei has individual
Greatly, the advantages that growth is fast, nutritional need is low, premunition is strong, it is stronger to the adaptability of water environment factors, to forage protein
The advantages that content requirement is low, dressing percentage is up to more than 65%, out-of-water survival time is long, it is the big cultivation of three generally acknowledged in the world today
Prawn（Penaeus Vannmei, Penaeus monodon, Chinese prawn）Improved seeds it, Penaeus Vannmei shell thin body fertilizer, delicious meat, containing meat
Rate is high, nutritious.
Extruding and puffing technology can be by the tensile failure of feed raw material into sponge group by the quick effect in short-term of HTHP
Knit, feed has the advantages that water resistance is high, dissolve-loss ratio is low, feed utilization rate is high, can effectively reduce residual feed to water quality
The problems such as pollution.Expanded pellet diet is gradually promoted in each aquaculture kind, but does not also have suitable large area to push away at present
The expanded sinking feed of Penaeus Vannmei extensively used.
In the prior art, the normal diet for being usually used in culture of Penaeus vannamei exists and easily triggers water pollution and common
The defects of efficiency of feed utilization is not high.Using expanded pellet diet, with regulation feedstuff injected volume feed can will not be caused to be diffused into nature ring
In border, and shrimp is high to the trap of expanded pellet diet, it is possible to reduce excretion, these help to improve water quality.But expanded pellet diet
It is among process, the high temperature in processing technology can be such that the nutritional ingredient in feedstuff is led by different degrees of destruction
Cause final obtained feed can not meet the nutritional need of prawn.
Therefore, research and development formula composition is rationally, nutrition is comprehensive, adapts to the expanded feeding of heavy water of Penaeus Vannmei feeding characteristic
Material is to improve efficiency of feed utilization, reduction produces aquaculture cost, reduces environmental pollution into the task of top priority；To feedstuff nutrients
Matter destroys the R＆D direction low, production efficiency is high, cost is low expanded pellet diet preparation method is prawn expanded pellet diet preparation method.
The content of the invention
For above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of expanded feeding of Penaeus Vannmei environmental protection
Material, the environmentally friendly expanded pellet diet can both meet Penaeus Vannmei nutritional need, with more the feature of environmental protection is high, utilization rate is high, cost is low
The characteristics of.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a kind of above-mentioned preparation method of Penaeus Vannmei environmental protection expanded pellet diet.
Technical scheme is as follows：A kind of Penaeus Vannmei environmental protection expanded pellet diet, it is mixed through crushing by feedstuff
Close, feed base-material is made, feed base-material adds water in quality-adjusting device, then is made by extrusion, granulation, curing；Described plus water
Measure as the 20-30% of feedstuff gross weight；The feedstuff includes the component of following weight proportion：Protein sources raw material 65-80
Part, fat source raw material 2-7 parts, sugar source raw material 16-20 parts, B B-complex 0.05-0.2 parts, composite mineral salt 0.5-2.0 parts,
Phagostimulant 0-0.2 parts.
Further, the feedstuff also includes：The parts by weight of choline 0.2, the parts by weight of calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.2, calcium carbonate
0.8 parts by weight, salt XXX0.2 parts by weight.
Preferably, the protein sources raw material is made up of the component of following weight proportion：Fish meal 8-25 parts, dregs of beans 16-32 parts,
The withered 16-22 parts of peanut, cuttlefish powder 3-8 parts, globulin powder 0-5 parts, shrimp med 3-8 parts, chicken meal 0-5 parts.
Preferably, the fat source raw material is made up of the component of following weight proportion：Fish oil 1-2.0 parts, soya-bean oil 1-2.0
Part, expanded soybean 0-3.0 parts.
Preferably, the sugar source raw material is flour；The phagostimulant is taurine.
It is highly preferred that in 1kg expanded pellet diets, the constituent of the B B-complex is：3-Hydroxyretinol 500IU, dimension life
Plain D3 41000IU, vitamin E 0.112g, vitamin B1 12mg, the mg of vitamin B2 14, the mg of vitamin B6 36, dimension life
Plain B12 9mg, the mg of folic acid 7.5, the mg of calcium pantothenate 36, the mg of vitamin K 36, the mg of vitamin C 480, the mg of inositol 114.4,
Biotin 7mg, the mg of niacin 85, the mg of Choline Chloride 2000.
It is highly preferred that in 1kg expanded pellet diets, the constituent of the composite mineral salt is：ZnSO4·7H2O 0.1758g、
CaCO3 4.5g、KCl 0.023g、CaIO3 0.16g、CuSO4·5H2O 0.04g、CoCl2 0.028g、FeSO4·H2O 1g、
MnSO4·H2O 0.38g、MgSO4·H2O 0.3225g、Na2SeO3 0.006g、Na2SO4 0.032g。
Prepared by feed base-material of the present invention concretely comprises the following steps：By protein sources raw material, sugar source raw material, composite mineral salt,
Phagostimulant crushes respectively, and 100% crosses 60 mesh sieves, adds B B-complex, fat source raw material, is sufficiently mixed uniformly, feed base is made
Material.
A kind of preparation method of Penaeus Vannmei environmental protection expanded pellet diet of the present invention, comprises the following steps：
（1）Weigh the protein sources raw materials of the parts by weight, fat source raw material, sugar source raw material, B B-complex, composite mineral salt,
Phagostimulant, water；
（2）Protein sources raw material, sugar source raw material, composite mineral salt are crushed 1-2 times respectively, 60 mesh sieves is crossed, obtains powder raw material, is mixed
Stir, then fat source raw material, B B-complex are added while stirring, feed base-material is made；
（3）Feed base-material adds water in quality-adjusting device, is inputted after mixing in single shaft extruder, pelletizing motor beats "ON", will cut
The rotation of grain variable-frequency governor from " min " to " max " direction, is adjusted to 25-45, screw speed 200-250r/min；Extruder
Operative position：Open electric brake, press main motor "ON" successively, allow feed base-material cure after nib extrude, carry out repeatedly 2-3 time it is crowded
Press expanded, obtain half pellet；Into dryer；Using low temperature long time drying, expanded pellet feed is obtained；Preferably,
The low temperature long time drying refers to：Drying temperature is not less than 45min no more than 90 DEG C, drying time.
Further, when preparing the expanded pellet diet of the present invention using above-mentioned steps, step（2）The fat source raw material
It is made up of fish oil 1-2.0 parts, soya-bean oil 1-2.0 parts, expanded soybean 0-3.0 parts, the fish oil adds at twice, and specific method is：
It is when preparing feed base-material to add for the first time, and the 60-75% of fish oil dosage is mixed with B B-complex, prepares feed base-material；
It is that half pellet is passed through into low temperature drying that second, which adds, obtains drying feed；Feed is dried by classification, is set into spraying
It is standby, remaining fish oil is sprayed into drying feed using heat-spraying technology, is well mixed, through cooling down, being classified, packing, is made swollen
Change feed.
The Penaeus Vannmei environmental protection expanded pellet diet that technical solution of the present invention obtains, its density are more than 1.4, curing degree ＞ 80%；
Nutritional ingredient contained by expanded pellet diet forms and its accounted for the percentage of feed gross weight：Crude protein 35 ~ 45%, crude fat 1-7%, nothing
Nitrogen extract 15-25%, ash content 8-10%, moisture 6-12%.
The component formula of Penaeus Vannmei environmental protection expanded pellet diet of the present invention be according to the nutritional need feature of Penaeus Vannmei,
Feeding characteristic, life habit, optimize to obtain by substantial amounts of verification experimental verification and to the formula of expanded pellet diet.Using the present invention
Described feedstuff passes through the expanded pellet diet that bulking processing art for producing obtains, and can just meet Penaeus Vannmei nutritional need again not
Pollute environment., whereas if feed formula is in scope of the present invention, although gained Feed Energy subtracts to a certain extent
Few environmental pollution, still, can not but meet the nutritional need of Penaeus Vannmei.In the preparation process of the expanded pellet diet of the present invention,
Rear spraying coating process is used to heat-sensitive substance fish oil, by fish oil by the way of adding at twice, when material is come out by dryer
Enter spraying equipment after classification, carry out thermal jet, appropriate grease can be made（Fish oil）Into inside feed granules, can so avoid
Excess adds the waste for reducing nutriment.Adoptable expanded pellet diet preparation technology flow is enumerated as shown in Figure 1.
Relative to prior art, technical solution of the present invention also has following advantageous effects：
（1）Nutritional need feature of the invention according to Penaeus Vannmei, from the high animal protein of Penaeus Vannmei digestibility
Source（Fish meal, cuttlefish powder, shrimp med, chicken meal etc.）With vegetable protein source（Dregs of beans, peanut are withered）Albumen is provided, overcomes single egg
The problem of white source amino acid imbalance, ammonia nitrogen discharge is advantageously reduced, is reduced environmental pollution, while improve formula, beneficial to swollen
Change and cultivate；
（2）The feed coefficient for the expanded pellet diet that the present invention is prepared is not higher than 1.1, and most of toxin and ANFs are broken
Bad, the stability in water is splendid, stabilization time ＞ 48 hours, and the density of expanded pellet feed is more than 1.4, curing degree ＞ 80%,
More comprehensively, expanded pellet diet is good compared with plain particles material palatability, and feed efficiency is higher for nutrition.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is expanded pellet diet preparation technology flow chart.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further details below by embodiment, these embodiments are only used for illustrating the present invention, and
Do not limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1, using preparation method of the present invention, is made with the raw material components of quality proportioning listed by the formula 1 in table 1
Penaeus Vannmei expanded pellet feed, is comprised the following steps that：
（1）Weigh the protein sources raw materials of the parts by weight, fat source raw material, sugar source raw material, B B-complex, composite mineral salt,
Phagostimulant, water；
（2）Protein sources raw material, sugar source raw material, composite mineral salt are crushed 1-2 times respectively, 60 mesh sieves is crossed, obtains powder raw material, is mixed
Stir, then fat source raw material, B B-complex are added while stirring, feed base-material is made；
（3）By obtained feed base-material input single shaft extruder in, pelletizing motor beats "ON", by pelletizing variable-frequency governor from
" min " revolves to " max " direction, is adjusted to 25-45, screw speed 200-250r/min；The operative position of extruder：Open electricity
Lock, press main motor "ON" successively, allow feed base-material cure after nib extrude, carry out 2-3 extrusion repeatedly, obtain half
Grain feed；Into dryer；Using low temperature drying（Drying temperature is not less than 45min no more than 90 DEG C, drying time）, obtain swollen
Change pellet.
Using identical feed formula, according to the ring moulds method of preparing pellet feed of this area, ring moulds pellet is made.
The control for carrying out Penaeus Vannmei respectively with obtained expanded pellet feed and ring moulds pellet cultivates（It is divided into swollen
Change pellet group and ring moulds pellet group）：Under 13-27 DEG C of low temperature environment, 0.40g Penaeus Vannmei 80 is raised
My god.After control cultivation terminates, the survival rate SR of expanded pellet feed group and ring moulds pellet group prawn is determined（%）With feed system
Number（FCR）.
After measured, in the present embodiment, the feed coefficient 1.03 of expanded pellet feed group, survival rate 83.6%；Ring moulds particle is raised
The feed coefficient 1.35 of material group, survival rate 78.8%；Parameters, expanded pellet feed are higher than ring moulds pellet.
Embodiment 2 is walked with the raw material components of quality proportioning listed by the formula 2 in table 1 using the preparation described in embodiment 1
Suddenly, Penaeus Vannmei expanded pellet feed is made；Meanwhile using identical feed formula, according to the ring used using embodiment 1
Mould method of preparing pellet feed, ring moulds pellet is made.
The control for carrying out Penaeus Vannmei respectively with obtained expanded pellet feed and ring moulds pellet cultivates（It is divided into swollen
Change pellet group and ring moulds pellet group）：Under 13-27 DEG C of low temperature environment, 0.40g Penaeus Vannmei 80 is raised
My god.After control cultivation terminates, the survival rate SR of expanded pellet feed group and ring moulds pellet group prawn is determined（%）With feed system
Number（FCR）.
After measured, in the present embodiment, the feed coefficient 1.08 of expanded pellet feed group, survival rate 79.0%；Ring moulds particle is raised
The feed coefficient 1.38 of material group, survival rate 68.3%；Parameters expanded pellet feed is higher than ring moulds pellet.
Embodiment 3 is walked with the raw material components of quality proportioning listed by the formula 3 in table 1 using the above-mentioned preparation of embodiment 1
Suddenly, Penaeus Vannmei expanded pellet feed is made；Meanwhile using identical feed formula, according to the ring used using embodiment 1
Mould method of preparing pellet feed, ring moulds pellet is made.
The control for carrying out Penaeus Vannmei respectively with obtained expanded pellet feed and ring moulds pellet cultivates（It is divided into swollen
Change pellet group and ring moulds pellet group）：Under 13-27 DEG C of low temperature environment, 0.40g Penaeus Vannmei 80 is raised
My god.After control cultivation terminates, the survival rate SR of expanded pellet feed group and ring moulds pellet group prawn is determined（%）With feed system
Number（FCR）.
After measured, in the present embodiment, the feed coefficient 1.1 of expanded pellet feed group, survival rate 78.7%；Ring moulds particle is raised
The feed coefficient 1.40 of material group, survival rate 67.8%；Parameters, expanded pellet feed are higher than ring moulds pellet.
Survival rate SR described in various embodiments of the present invention（%）And feed coefficient（FCR）Calculated according to equation below：
Feed coefficient（FCR）=feedstuff feeding amount/（Whole opisthosoma weight-original body mass）
Survival rate SR（%）Sheng Xia mantissa × 100/, which is tested, at the end of=experiment starts Shi Fang shrimps mantissa
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. Penaeus Vannmei environmental protection expanded pellet diet, it is characterised in that the expanded pellet diet be by feedstuff through being pulverized and mixed, Feed base-material is made, feed base-material adds water in quality-adjusting device, then is made by extrusion, granulation, curing；The amount of water is The 20-30% of feedstuff gross weight；The feedstuff includes the component of following weight proportion：Protein sources raw material 65-80 parts, Fat source raw material 2-7 parts, sugar source raw material 16-20 parts, B B-complex 0.05-0.2 parts, composite mineral salt 0.5-2.0 parts, food calling Agent 0-0.2 parts.
- 2. Penaeus Vannmei environmental protection expanded pellet diet according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the feedstuff also wraps Include：The parts by weight of choline 0.2, the parts by weight of calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.2, the parts by weight of calcium carbonate 0.8, the parts by weight of salt 0.2.
- 3. Penaeus Vannmei environmental protection expanded pellet diet according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the protein sources raw material by with The component composition of lower weight proportion：Fish meal 8-25 parts, dregs of beans 16-32 parts, the withered 16-22 parts of peanut, cuttlefish powder 3-8 parts, blood cell egg White powder 0-5 parts, shrimp med 3-8 parts, chicken meal 0-5 parts.
- 4. Penaeus Vannmei environmental protection expanded pellet diet according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the fat source raw material by with The component composition of lower weight proportion：Fish oil 1-2.0 parts, soya-bean oil 1-2.0 parts, expanded soybean 0-3.0 parts.
- 5. Penaeus Vannmei environmental protection expanded pellet diet according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the sugar source raw material is face Powder.
- 6. Penaeus Vannmei environmental protection expanded pellet diet according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the phagostimulant is ox sulphur Acid.
- 7. Penaeus Vannmei environmental protection expanded pellet diet according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described in 1kg expanded pellet diets The composition of B B-complex is：3-Hydroxyretinol 500IU, the IU of vitamine D3 41000, vitamin E 0.112g, vitamin B1 12mg, the mg of vitamin B2 14, the mg of vitamin B6 36, vitamin B12 9mg, the mg of folic acid 7.5, the mg of calcium pantothenate 36, dimension life The plain mg of K 36, the mg of vitamin C 480, the mg of inositol 114.4, biotin 7mg, the mg of niacin 85, Choline Chloride 2000 mg。
- 8. Penaeus Vannmei environmental protection expanded pellet diet according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described in 1kg expanded pellet diets The composition of composite mineral salt is：ZnSO4·7H2O 0.1758g、CaCO3 4.5g、KCl 0.023g、CaIO3 0.16g、 CuSO4·5H2O 0.04g、CoCl2 0.028g、FeSO4·H2O 1g、MnSO4·H2O 0.38g、MgSO4·H2O 0.3225g、Na2SeO3 0.006g、Na2SO4 0.032g。
- 9. the Penaeus Vannmei environmental protection expanded pellet diet according to claim any one of 1-8, it is characterised in that the South America is right in vain The preparation method of shrimp environmental protection expanded pellet diet comprises the following steps：（1）Weigh protein sources raw material, fat source raw material, sugar source raw material, B B-complex, the complex mineral of the weight proportion Salt, phagostimulant, water；（2）Protein sources raw material, sugar source raw material, composite mineral salt are crushed 1-2 times respectively, 60 mesh sieves is crossed, obtains powder raw material, is added B B-complex, fat source raw material, are mixed evenly, and feed base-material is made；（3）Feed base-material adds water in quality-adjusting device, is inputted after mixing in single shaft extruder, pelletizing motor beats "ON", will cut The rotation of grain variable-frequency governor from " min " to " max " direction, is adjusted to 25-45Hz, screw speed 200-250r/min；Extrusion The operative position of machine：Electric brake is opened, presses main motor "ON" successively, allows feed base-material to carry out 2-3 extrusion repeatedly after curing Extruded by nib, obtain half pellet；Into dryer, using low temperature drying, it is made；During the low temperature drying, drying temperature Degree is not less than 45min no more than 90 DEG C, drying time.
- 10. Penaeus Vannmei environmental protection expanded pellet diet according to claim 9, it is characterised in that step（2）The fat source Raw material is made up of fish oil 1-2.0 parts, soya-bean oil 1-2.0 parts, expanded soybean 0-3.0 parts, and the fish oil adds at twice, specific method It is：It is when preparing feed base-material to add for the first time, and the 60-75% of fish oil dosage is mixed with B B-complex, prepares feed base Material；It is that half pellet is passed through into low temperature drying that second, which adds, obtains drying feed；Feed is dried by classification, into spraying Equipment, remaining fish oil is sprayed into drying feed using heat-spraying technology, is well mixed, through cooling down, being classified, packing, is made Expanded pellet diet.
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| CN111317077A (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-06-23 | 盐城工学院 | Feed for improving digestion rate of penaeus vannamei boone and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111887355A (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2020-11-06 | 河南省杂粮先生食品有限公司 | Method for producing granulated feed through extrusion process under normal temperature condition |
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