CN111887355A - Method for producing granulated feed through extrusion process under normal temperature condition - Google Patents

Method for producing granulated feed through extrusion process under normal temperature condition Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111887355A
CN111887355A CN202010905148.5A CN202010905148A CN111887355A CN 111887355 A CN111887355 A CN 111887355A CN 202010905148 A CN202010905148 A CN 202010905148A CN 111887355 A CN111887355 A CN 111887355A
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raw materials
feed
extrusion
materials
extrusion process
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Inventor
张善智
张晓明
张红梅
卢冠腾
薛艳伟
刘天刚
张�林
薛艳霞
王若含
刘尚峰
乔奕
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Henan Zaliangsir Food Co ltd
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Henan Zaliangsir Food Co ltd
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Publication of CN111887355A publication Critical patent/CN111887355A/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/25—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by extrusion

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)
  • Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for producing pellet feed by an extrusion process under the condition of normal temperature, which comprises the following steps: s1, preparing materials: reasonably preparing ingredients according to different fish stocks, wherein the ingredients comprise vitamins; s2, primary mixing: preliminarily mixing and stirring the large raw materials and the small raw materials; s3, crushing: carrying out superfine grinding on the mixed raw materials; s4, screening out: sieving the crushed raw materials to remove large-particle raw materials; s5, remixing: the raw materials in the step S4 are sent into a mixer to be stirred with water until the materials have viscosity; s6, extrusion: feeding the material obtained in the step S5 into an extrusion device, granulating the uniformly mixed and stirred feed by the extrusion device, and adding dry ice or liquid nitrogen while feeding the feed into the extrusion device; the invention realizes the purpose of producing the granulated feed at low temperature by an extrusion process, the production temperature can be controlled below 50 ℃, the invention is a qualitative leap on the development of the feed industry, the application range is wide, the processing requirement is low, and the invention is suitable for mass production and popularization.

Description

Method for producing granulated feed through extrusion process under normal temperature condition
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feed processing and preparation, in particular to a method for producing granulated feed through an extrusion process under the condition of normal temperature.
Background
In recent years, the expanded feed achieves better culture effect in both the culture production of seawater fish and freshwater fish, and further promotes the rapid development of the expanded feed. Currently, the expanded feed market is mainly concentrated in south China, wherein the expanded feed capacity in two regions in 2012 is as high as 220 ten thousand tons, and accounts for 68.75% of the total amount of China (leaf element soil, 2012). Although the expanded feed has great advantages in the breeding effect compared with the common pellet feed, the production process of the expanded feed is different from the traditional pellet feed production process, and particularly the high-temperature and high-pressure processing environment of the expanded feed can change the physicochemical properties of the nutrient components in the feed.
The preservation rate of vitamins in the puffing process is always the focus of attention. The vitamins in the feed are all lost to different degrees after being puffed. Wherein, the expansion treatment has large loss of vitamin K, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin B2 and folic acid, and the loss rates respectively reach 50.83 percent, 97.33 percent (P is less than 0.05), 100 percent, 84.27 percent and 100 percent; the loss rate of the vitamin A, the vitamin D and the vitamin E is also between 12.16% and 15.38%. Zhang Chunyan et al (2010) report that the loss rate of Vc phosphate after puffing treatment is as high as 21.22%. Further studies found that the retention of vitamin C activity decreased with increasing feed rate and screw speed, but the decrease was less. The expansion temperature has great influence on the preservation rate of the vitamin C activity, and the preservation rate of the vitamin C activity is rapidly reduced along with the increase of the expansion temperature. Of these, 70% was retained at 90 ℃ and only 2% was retained at 165 ℃. The activity preservation rate of the vitamin C is reduced by 5 percent when the puffing temperature is increased by 5 ℃, the activity preservation rate of the crystalline vitamin C is 60 percent when the puffing temperature is 111-115 ℃, and the activity preservation rate of the crystalline vitamin C is close to 0 when the puffing temperature is increased to 161-165 ℃. The loss rate of vitamins produced by different packaging processes has certain difference through puffing treatment. The research of royal fast-red English et al (2003) shows that the loss rate of vitamin C added in a crystal form after the puffing treatment is 80.29%, and the loss rate of vitamin C added in a coating form is 47.64%. The mineral elements are not greatly affected by the puffing treatment, and the content of most mineral elements is reduced in the aspect of loss ratio, but the difference is not obvious.
The high-temperature environment in the puffing process not only causes loss of vitamins, the crude fat content of the feed after puffing is reduced by 6.46% compared with that before puffing, in addition, strong shearing force and friction force are generated along with the increase of the rotating speed of a screw rod in the extruding and puffing process, and the decomposition of grease can be accelerated by higher puffing temperature, so that the stability of the grease is reduced, and the peroxide value is increased. In addition, cis-trans isomerism of unsaturated fatty acids can occur during the extrusion process. When the puffing temperature is increased from 55 ℃ to 171 ℃, the content of trans-fatty acid is increased from 1 percent to 1.5 percent. Along with the increase of the puffing temperature and the feeding speed, the gelatinization degree of the starch is also reduced, the starch degradation rate is also obviously increased, and when the puffing temperature exceeds 90 ℃, the puffing processing technology not only has obvious influence on the loss of the microcapsule and the crystalline amino acid, but also the loss of the crystalline amino acid is obviously higher than that of the microcapsule amino acid.
According to the content, the high-temperature puffing seriously influences the quality of the feed, so that the loss of trace elements is caused during processing of the fish feed, the fat content is reduced, the oil stability is reduced, the degradation rate of starch is increased, the immunity of fry is reduced, the yield is reduced, and the fry is easy to suffer from diseases and die.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects, the invention aims to provide a method for producing pellet feed through an extrusion process under the normal temperature condition, and solve the problems of reduced nutrition and vitamin inactivation of the existing expanded pellet feed after high-temperature expansion.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is implemented according to the following technical scheme:
a method for producing pellet feed by an extrusion process under normal temperature conditions comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing materials: reasonably preparing materials according to different fish stocks, wherein the materials comprise vitamins and trace elements;
s2, primary mixing: preliminarily mixing and stirring the large raw materials and the small raw materials;
s3, crushing: carrying out superfine grinding on the mixed raw materials;
s4, screening out: sieving the crushed raw materials to remove large-particle raw materials;
s5, remixing: the raw materials in the step S4 are sent into a mixer to be stirred with water until the materials have viscosity;
s6, extrusion: feeding the raw materials in the step S5 into an extrusion device, granulating the uniformly mixed and stirred raw materials by the extrusion device, and adding dry ice or liquid nitrogen while feeding the raw materials into the extrusion device;
further, in step S2, the amount of the dry ice or the liquid nitrogen added is 5% to 50% of the feed;
further, in step S6, the extruding device includes any one of an extruder or a bulking machine;
further, in step S7, the drying temperature is controlled to be 50 ° or less.
Compared with the prior art, the method for producing the pellet feed by the extrusion process under the normal temperature condition has the following beneficial effects:
when the raw materials are fed into an extrusion device, dry ice or liquid nitrogen is added at the same time, the dry ice or the liquid nitrogen enters an extrusion cavity or an expansion cavity along with the raw materials, the dry ice or the liquid nitrogen needs to absorb heat when being gasified, a low-temperature environment is formed under the action of the dry ice or the liquid nitrogen, the raw materials move forwards and axially in the extrusion device under the extrusion pushing of a screw or a spiral, gas formed by the simultaneous gasification of the dry ice or the liquid nitrogen is released to a die hole at the moment that the raw materials are extruded out of the die hole, the raw materials and the gas are extruded out of the die hole simultaneously to form honeycomb feed with a plurality of air holes, and then the raw materials and the gas are cut into short granular feed by a cutter on an extruder or an expander.
The method for producing the pellet feed through the extrusion process at the normal temperature overcomes the problem of feed quality reduction caused by high-temperature expansion, achieves the aim of producing the pellet feed through the extrusion process at the low temperature, and simultaneously solves the problem that the pellet feed is not suspended or floats in water.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, which are illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Example 1
Preparing fish feed in parts as follows:
45 parts of Peru super steam fish meal, 24 parts of pregelatinized starch, 3 parts of squid meat powder, 8 parts of fermented soybean meal, 3 parts of hermetia illucens powder, 3 parts of frozen fish oil, 4 parts of bread yeast extract, 1.5 parts of mineral substances, 0.9 part of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3 part of choline chloride, 6 parts of extruded soybean, 0.15 part of clostridium butyricum, 0.4 part of multivitamin, 0.2 part of coated VC, 0.05 part of antioxidant, 0.3 part of lysine and 0.2 part of methionine.
As shown in figure 1, the prepared fish feed is produced into pellet feed according to the method of the invention, in the embodiment, the amount of the added dry ice is 15% of the mass of the raw materials, the produced pellet feed is subjected to multivitamin detection, see table 1 in detail, and the pellet feed produced in the embodiment is subjected to crude fat content detection by using an ether extraction method, see table 2 in detail.
Example 2
Preparing the feed according to the following proportion:
58% of steam-dried fish meal, 23% of pregelatinized starch, 9% of fermented soybean meal, 2% of soybean oil, 4% of beer yeast, 1.8% of mineral substances, 1% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3% of choline chloride, 0.2% of multivitamin, 0.1% of coated vitamin C, 0.02% of antioxidant, 0.28% of microecological preparation and 0.3% of phagostimulant.
As shown in figure 1, the prepared fish feed is produced into pellet feed according to the method of the invention, in this example, the amount of the added liquid nitrogen is 5% of the mass of the raw materials, the produced pellet feed is subjected to multivitamin detection, see table 1 in detail, and the pellet feed produced in this example is subjected to crude fat content detection by using the method of ether extraction, see table 2 in detail.
Example 3
54 parts of fully-removed fish meal, 20 parts of pregelatinized starch, 6 parts of antarctic krill powder, 3 parts of wheat gluten, 5 parts of fermented soybean meal, 1 part of mineral substance, 0.2 part of fishy fragrance, 0.3 part of choline chloride, 0.2 part of multivitamin, 0.2 part of envelope VC, 0.1 part of bile acid and 0.1 part of lysine.
As shown in figure 1, the prepared fish feed is produced into pellet feed according to the method of the invention, in this example, the amount of the added dry ice is 35% of the mass of the raw materials, the produced pellet feed is subjected to multivitamin detection, see table 1 in detail, and the pellet feed produced in this example is subjected to crude fat content detection by using the method of ether extraction, see table 2 in detail.
Comparative example 1
Preparing fish feed in parts as follows:
45 parts of Peru super steam fish meal, 24 parts of pregelatinized starch, 3 parts of squid meat powder, 8 parts of fermented soybean meal, 3 parts of hermetia illucens powder, 3 parts of frozen fish oil, 4 parts of bread yeast extract, 1.5 parts of mineral substances, 0.9 part of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3 part of choline chloride, 6 parts of extruded soybean, 0.15 part of clostridium butyricum, 0.4 part of multivitamin, 0.2 part of coated VC, 0.05 part of antioxidant, 0.3 part of lysine and 0.2 part of methionine.
The prepared fish feed is produced into the expanded feed by a conventional high-temperature expansion method, the produced expanded feed is subjected to multi-vitamin detection, the details are shown in table 1, and the coarse fat content of the granulated feed produced in the comparative example is detected by an ether extraction method, the details are shown in table 2.
Comparative example 2
Preparing the feed according to the following proportion:
58% of steam-dried fish meal, 23% of pregelatinized starch, 9% of fermented soybean meal, 2% of soybean oil, 4% of beer yeast, 1.8% of mineral substances, 1% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3% of choline chloride, 0.2% of multivitamin, 0.1% of coated vitamin C, 0.02% of antioxidant, 0.28% of microecological preparation and 0.3% of phagostimulant.
The prepared fish feed is produced into the expanded feed by a conventional high-temperature expansion method, the produced expanded feed is subjected to multi-vitamin detection, the details are shown in table 1, and the coarse fat content of the granulated feed produced in the comparative example is detected by an ether extraction method, the details are shown in table 2.
Comparative example 3
54 parts of fully-removed fish meal, 20 parts of pregelatinized starch, 6 parts of antarctic krill powder, 3 parts of wheat gluten, 5 parts of fermented soybean meal, 1 part of mineral substance, 0.2 part of fishy fragrance, 0.3 part of choline chloride, 0.2 part of multivitamin, 0.2 part of envelope VC, 0.1 part of bile acid and 0.1 part of lysine.
The prepared fish feed is produced into the expanded feed by a conventional high-temperature expansion method, the produced expanded feed is subjected to multi-vitamin detection, the details are shown in table 1, and the coarse fat content of the granulated feed produced in the comparative example is detected by an ether extraction method, the details are shown in table 2.
Table 1 is a graph comparing the loss rate of each vitamin in each example and comparative example:
rate of loss Example 1 Comparative example 1 Example 2 Comparative example 2 Example 3 Comparative example 3
Coated vitamin C 13.25% 42.68% 12.87% 41.56% 10.32% 46.51%
Vitamin K 18.44% 49.63% 19.70% 46.22% 20.75% 50.36%
Vitamin B1 35.49% 97.12% 32.11% 92.75% 28.76% 88.17%
Vitamin B2 27.34% 82.10% 25.98% 76.79% 29.04% 80.18%
Vitamin B6 46.60% 100% 39.48% 100% 50.37% 100%
Vitamin A 6.21% 14.38% 5.77% 12.16% 4.92% 11.09%
Vitamin E 5.63% 13.55% 5.14% 14.72% 5.06% 15.21%
As can be seen from Table 1, in the pellet feed produced by the same formulation example and comparative example, the loss rate of coated vitamin C was between 10.32% and 13.25%, the loss rate of vitamin K was between 18.44% and 20.75%, the loss rate of vitamin B1 was between 28.76% and 35.49%, the loss rate of vitamin B2 was between 25.98% and 29.04%, the loss rate of vitamin B6 was between 39.48% and 50.37%, the loss rate of vitamin A was between 4.92% and 6.21%, and the loss rate of vitamin E was between 5.06% and 5.63%, while the comparative example produced by the conventional high temperature puffing preparation method had the loss rate of coated vitamin C was between 41.56% and 46.51%, the loss rate of vitamin K was between 46.22% and 50.36%, the loss rate of vitamin B1 was between 88.17% and 97.97% and the loss rate of vitamin B82.10% and the loss rate of vitamin B49323% was between 3623% and 76.79, the loss rate of vitamin A is between 11.09% and 14.38%, and the loss rate of vitamin E is between 13.55% and 15.21%.
As can be seen from Table 1, the loss of various vitamins in the pellet feed produced by the method of the present invention is significantly lower than that of the conventional high temperature expanded feed production method.
Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative example 1 Comparative example 2 Comparative example 3
Rate of crude fat loss 3.12% 2.89% 2.63% 5.78% 6.17% 7.25%
As can be seen from Table 2, the crude fat loss rate in examples 1-3 was controlled to be between 2.63% and 3.12%, while that of comparative examples 1-3 was controlled to be between 5.78% and 7.25%, and it is apparent that the fat loss rate of pellet feed produced using the method of the present invention is significantly lower than that of feed produced by the conventional high temperature puffing method.
The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the limitations of the above specific embodiments, and all technical modifications made according to the technical solution of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A method for producing pellet feed through an extrusion process under the condition of normal temperature is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing materials: reasonably preparing materials according to different fish stocks, wherein the materials comprise vitamins and trace elements;
s2, primary mixing: preliminarily mixing and stirring the large raw materials and the small raw materials;
s3, crushing: carrying out superfine grinding on the mixed raw materials;
s4, screening out: sieving the crushed raw materials to remove large-particle raw materials;
s5, remixing: the raw materials in the step S4 are sent into a mixer to be stirred with water until the materials have viscosity;
s6, extrusion: feeding the raw materials in the step S5 into an extrusion device, granulating the uniformly mixed and stirred raw materials by the extrusion device, and adding dry ice or liquid nitrogen while feeding the raw materials into the extrusion device;
s7, drying: and (5) drying the feed extruded and molded in the step S6 at a low temperature.
2. The method for producing pellet feed through extrusion process under normal temperature condition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dry ice or liquid nitrogen is added in an amount of 5% to 50% of the feed in step S2.
3. The method for producing pellet feed through extrusion process at normal temperature as claimed in claim 1, wherein the extruding means comprises any one of an extruder and a bulking machine in step S6.
4. The method for producing pellet feed through extrusion process under normal temperature condition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drying temperature is controlled below 50 ° in step S7.
CN202010905148.5A 2020-09-01 2020-09-01 Method for producing granulated feed through extrusion process under normal temperature condition Pending CN111887355A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112616998A (en) * 2021-01-15 2021-04-09 福建天马科技集团股份有限公司 Microbial fermentation feed suitable for penaeus vannamei boone
CN113907184A (en) * 2021-09-18 2022-01-11 珠海容川饲料有限公司 Soft-particle feed and preparation method and application thereof

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JPH07313074A (en) * 1994-03-30 1995-12-05 Mercian Corp Fish feed
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CN101301068A (en) * 2008-05-08 2008-11-12 张明伟 Technique for freeze-thawing, extruding and promoting dissolution of biological raw material
CN101744154A (en) * 2010-02-05 2010-06-23 宁波天邦股份有限公司 Expanded pellet feed for trionyx sinensis and preparation method thereof
CN102934732A (en) * 2012-11-23 2013-02-20 浙江金大地饲料有限公司 Processing method of adult turtle floating puffed compound feed
CN103518998A (en) * 2013-09-27 2014-01-22 苏州市阳澄湖现代农业产业园特种水产养殖有限公司 Puffed aquaculture feed and preparation method thereof
CN105994937A (en) * 2016-05-19 2016-10-12 湖北民族学院 Green organic selenium-rich feed and preparation method thereof
CN106551129A (en) * 2015-09-25 2017-04-05 惠州市鹏昌农业科技有限公司 A kind of laying hen functional feed for improving Fructus Alpiniae Oxyphyllae composition in egg
CN107159737A (en) * 2017-07-10 2017-09-15 广东工业大学 A kind of extruder
CN107518214A (en) * 2017-09-15 2017-12-29 威海海洋职业学院 A kind of expanded preparation method of Penaeus Vannmei biological feedstuff formula and its ultralow temperature
CN107865193A (en) * 2017-11-28 2018-04-03 广东凤凰饲料有限公司 A kind of Penaeus Vannmei environmental protection expanded pellet diet and preparation method thereof
CN109170374A (en) * 2018-11-06 2019-01-11 福建天马饲料有限公司 A kind of bamboo shoot shell fish adult fish powdery compound feed and preparation method thereof

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH07313074A (en) * 1994-03-30 1995-12-05 Mercian Corp Fish feed
CN1666637A (en) * 2004-03-11 2005-09-14 广州鹭业水产有限公司 Floating feed for finless eel and manufacturing method thereof
CN101301068A (en) * 2008-05-08 2008-11-12 张明伟 Technique for freeze-thawing, extruding and promoting dissolution of biological raw material
CN101744154A (en) * 2010-02-05 2010-06-23 宁波天邦股份有限公司 Expanded pellet feed for trionyx sinensis and preparation method thereof
CN102934732A (en) * 2012-11-23 2013-02-20 浙江金大地饲料有限公司 Processing method of adult turtle floating puffed compound feed
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CN105994937A (en) * 2016-05-19 2016-10-12 湖北民族学院 Green organic selenium-rich feed and preparation method thereof
CN107159737A (en) * 2017-07-10 2017-09-15 广东工业大学 A kind of extruder
CN107518214A (en) * 2017-09-15 2017-12-29 威海海洋职业学院 A kind of expanded preparation method of Penaeus Vannmei biological feedstuff formula and its ultralow temperature
CN107865193A (en) * 2017-11-28 2018-04-03 广东凤凰饲料有限公司 A kind of Penaeus Vannmei environmental protection expanded pellet diet and preparation method thereof
CN109170374A (en) * 2018-11-06 2019-01-11 福建天马饲料有限公司 A kind of bamboo shoot shell fish adult fish powdery compound feed and preparation method thereof

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112616998A (en) * 2021-01-15 2021-04-09 福建天马科技集团股份有限公司 Microbial fermentation feed suitable for penaeus vannamei boone
CN112616998B (en) * 2021-01-15 2024-03-26 福建天马科技集团股份有限公司 Microbial fermentation feed suitable for penaeus vannamei boone
CN113907184A (en) * 2021-09-18 2022-01-11 珠海容川饲料有限公司 Soft-particle feed and preparation method and application thereof

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Application publication date: 20201106