CN107827293B - 一种海产品加工过程产生的高含盐有机废水的处理工艺 - Google Patents
一种海产品加工过程产生的高含盐有机废水的处理工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种海产品加工过程产生的高含盐有机废水的处理工艺,属于环保技术领域。本发明的处理工艺依次包含预处理工段、初次混凝工段、初次酸解氧化工段、二次混凝工段、电化学氧化工段、二次酸解氧化工段、压滤工段、污泥处理工段。本发明的方法通过芬顿试剂化学氧化和电化学氧化对废水进行分段处理,能对水体中的有机物进行有效降解,并通过絮凝剂和助沉剂形成絮体,对水中的有机物和固体进行卷扫吸附,使最终水体的色度、pH值、COD等指标符合排放要求。该工艺具有处理效率高、运行稳定、不占用淡水资源的特点。经本工艺处理后,含盐废水的pH、SS、COD等指标满足《污水排入城镇下水道水质标准》(GB/T 31962‑2015)的B级要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种有机废水的处理工艺,特别涉及一种海产品加工过程产生的高含盐有机废水的处理工艺,属于环保技术领域。
背景技术
海产品营养丰富、口感良好,深受大众的喜爱。然而海鲜因为保质期短,在大量集中上市期间,如不能妥善保管,就会腐烂变质。通常海产品加工厂通过对海鲜进行加工处理使其更易于保存。但在海产品加工的过程中会产生大量的生产废水和清洗废水。生产废水中主要包含有鱼血液、组织碎屑及脂肪颗粒等物质,导致水体的色度、COD、BOD、SS和氨氮等指标严重超标。另外,海产品加工过程中为保证海鲜的风味常使用海水进行清洗,同时部分海产品采用腌制的方法进行加工,大量使用食盐,因此废水中氯化钠含量较高,通常在3~8g/L。
生化法是目前处理有机废水的主要方法,但是水体中含盐量高常导致厌氧/好氧菌脱水死亡,进而导致活性污泥失效,因此高含盐有机废水不宜采用生物法进行处理。采用大量淡水稀释废水再进行生化处理的方法,对沿海缺少淡水资源的地区来说,也是不可行的。此外,采用多效蒸发处理含盐废水时,结垢问题制约了装置的长期稳定运行,导致处理能力波动,难以满足需要。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明的目的是提供一种高效、稳定、不占用淡水资源的海产品加工过程中产生的高含盐有机废水的处理工艺,使沿海地区海鲜加工企业的废水能够达标排放。
为解决上述问题,本发明的处理工艺依次包含预处理工段、初次混凝工段、初次酸解氧化工段、二次混凝工段、电化学氧化工段、二次酸解氧化工段、压滤工段、污泥处理工段。
1)预处理工段:将海产品加工过程产生的废水混合,经隔油池去除漂浮物;
2)初次混凝工段:初沉池中,在搅拌下依次将絮凝剂、助沉剂加入,静置2~3小时,使絮体沉降,沉淀的污泥经污泥泵送至污泥浓缩池;
3)初次酸解氧化工段:初次混凝沉降后的水体进入带搅拌的酸解氧化罐,加入稀硫酸,调节水体pH值在2.0~4.0之间,分批加入硫酸亚铁和30%的双氧水,反应2~4小时后,再加入絮凝剂和助沉剂;
4)二次混凝工段:初次酸解氧化后的水体进入二沉池,使絮体沉降,沉降的污泥也用污泥泵送至污泥浓缩池,清液泵入电化学氧化池;
5)电化学氧化工段:在电化学氧化池,用稀硫酸调节水体pH值在3.0~5.5之间,电流密度控制在10~50mA/cm2,停留时间为12~36小时;
6)二次酸解氧化工段:电化学氧化处理后的水泵入二次酸解池,再次加入稀硫酸并调节pH值在3.0~5.0之间,分批加入硫酸亚铁和30%的双氧水,反应1~3小时后,加入氢氧化钙调节水体pH至6.5~9.5;
7)压滤工段:二次酸解氧化处理后的水经板式压滤机过滤,脱除水体残留的细小悬浮物,清水达标排放,固体滤渣外运;
8)污泥脱水工段:污泥浓缩池的污泥经脱水装置脱水,液体返回初次酸解氧化工段进行处理,固体污泥外运。
所述絮凝剂为聚合氯化铝、聚合氯化铝铁、碱式氯化铝、硫酸亚铁、硫酸铝、聚合硫酸铁、聚丙烯酰胺中的一种或几种。
所述助沉剂包括硅藻土、高岭土、活性白土中的一种或几种。
所述初次酸解氧化工段,水中Fe2+离子浓度控制在0.2~1g/L,30%的双氧水用量为10~30ml/L。
所述电化学氧化工段,正极采用钛基二氧化铅或掺杂钛基二氧化铅做电极,负极采用金属钛网或石墨做电极。
所述二次酸解氧化工段,水中Fe2+离子浓度控制在0.2~0.7g/L,30%的双氧水用量为5~20ml/L。
所述污泥脱水工段中的脱水装置为板式压滤机或卧式螺旋离心机。
本发明的方法,通过芬顿试剂化学氧化和电化学氧化对废水进行分段处理,能对水体中的有机物进行有效降解,并通过絮凝剂和助沉剂形成絮体,对水中的有机物和固体进行卷扫吸附,使最终水体的色度、pH值、COD等指标符合排放要求。该工艺具有处理效率高、运行稳定、不占用淡水资源的特点。
附图说明
图1是本发明的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进一步详细说明。
实施例1:
1)预处理工段:将山东某水产加工企业产生的生产废水和清洗废水汇集,进入预处理工段,在隔油池中去除水体上漂浮的油脂;2)初次混凝工段:在初沉池,依次加入絮凝剂阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺和助沉剂硅藻土,开启搅拌,净水材料产生大量絮体对水中悬浮物进行卷扫沉降,沉降后的污泥用泵抽至污泥浓缩池;3)初次酸解氧化工段:初次絮凝后的水体打入初次酸解氧化罐,加入10%的稀硫酸调节pH值至2.0,再加入硫酸亚铁和双氧水,水中Fe2+离子浓度控制在0.5g/L,30%的双氧水用量为15ml/L,反应2.5小时后,再次加入聚合氯化铝、阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺和硅藻土,搅拌均匀;4)二次混凝工段:初次酸解氧化后的水体打入二沉池进行沉降,产生的絮体沉降后抽至污泥浓缩池,清水进入电化学氧化池;5)电化学氧化工段:在电化学氧化池,以钛基二氧化铅丝网为正极,石墨为负极,通电对水体有机物进行氧化,电流密度控制在20mA/cm2,停留时间24小时,期间水体pH值控制在5.0左右;6)二次酸解氧化工段:将水体泵入二次酸解氧化池,加入10%稀硫酸调节pH值至4.0,再加入硫酸亚铁和双氧水,水中Fe2+离子浓度控制在0.5g/L,30%的双氧水用量为20ml/L,反应1小时后,加入氢氧化钙调节水体pH值至7.0;7)压滤工段:此时水体中还有大量细微悬浮物,经板式压滤机过滤,清水达标排放;8)污泥脱水工段:污泥浓缩池的污泥经板式压滤机脱水,滤液返回初次酸解氧化池,固体滤渣外运进一步处理。
处理效果:水产加工废水原水水质情况见表1,废水外排执行标准见表2,该标准取自《污水排入城镇下水道水质标准》(GB/T 31962-2015)中B级要求。经本发明工艺处理后的水质结果见表3。
表1.废水原水水质情况
项目 | 色度 | pH值 | SS(mg/L) | CODcr(mg/L) | BOD5(mg/L) | NH3-N(mg/L) |
数值 | 200 | 5.0 | 1000 | 6000 | 4000 | 100 |
表2.海产品加工废水外排执行标准
项目 | 色度 | pH值 | SS(mg/L) | CODcr(mg/L) | BOD5(mg/L) | NH3-N(mg/L) |
数值 | 64 | 6.5~9.5 | ≤400 | ≤500 | ≤350 | ≤45 |
表3.经本发明工艺处理后的水质结果
项目 | 色度 | pH值 | SS(mg/L) | CODcr(mg/L) | BOD5(mg/L) | NH3-N(mg/L) |
数值 | 60 | 6.5 | 50 | 250 | 150 | 30 |
从表中可以看出,经本发明处理后的水体,色度、pH值、SS等指标均能满足《污水排入城镇下水道水质标准》(GB/T 31962-2015)中B级的要求。
实施例2:
1)预处理工段:将山东某水产加工企业产生的生产废水和清洗废水汇集,进入预处理工段,在隔油池中去除水体上漂浮的油脂;2)初次混凝工段:在初沉池,依次加入絮凝剂阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺、聚合氯化铝和助沉剂硅藻土,开启搅拌,净水材料产生大量絮体对水中悬浮物进行卷扫沉降,沉降后的污泥用泵抽至污泥浓缩池;3)初次酸解氧化工段:初次絮凝后的水体打入初次酸解氧化罐,加入10%的稀硫酸调节pH值至3.5,再加入硫酸亚铁和双氧水,水中Fe2+离子浓度控制在0.8g/L,30%的双氧水用量为15ml/L,反应2小时后,再次加入聚合氯化铝、阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺和硅藻土,搅拌均匀;4)二次混凝工段:初次酸解氧化后的水体打入二沉池进行沉降,产生的絮体沉降后抽至污泥浓缩池,清水进入电化学氧化池;5)电化学氧化工段:在电化学氧化池,以钛基二氧化铅丝网为正极,钛丝网为负极,通电对水体有机物进行氧化,电流密度控制在30mA/cm2,停留时间36小时,期间水体pH值控制在4.5左右;6)二次酸解氧化工段:将水体泵入二次酸解氧化池,加入10%稀硫酸调节pH值至4.0,再加入硫酸亚铁和双氧水,水中Fe2+离子浓度控制在0.2g/L,30%的双氧水用量为10ml/L,反应1小时后,加入氢氧化钙调节水体pH值至7.5;7)压滤工段:此时水体中还有大量细微悬浮物,经板式压滤机过滤,清水达标排放;8)污泥脱水工段:污泥浓缩池的污泥经卧式螺旋离心机脱水,液体返回初次酸解氧化池,固体滤渣外运进一步处理。
表4.经本发明工艺处理后的水质结果
项目 | 色度 | pH值 | SS(mg/L) | CODcr(mg/L) | BOD5(mg/L) | NH3-N(mg/L) |
数值 | 64 | 7.5 | 30 | 150 | 80 | 20 |
本实施例与实施例1采用方法近似,主要区别在于延长了水体在电化学氧化池的停留时间,最终出水的CODcr和BOD5较实施例1低。
最后应说明的是:以上仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换,但凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种海产品加工过程产生的高含盐有机废水的处理工艺,其特征在于,依次包含预处理工段、初次混凝工段、初次酸解氧化工段、二次混凝工段、电化学氧化工段、二次酸解氧化工段、压滤工段、污泥处理工段:
1)预处理工段:将海产品加工过程产生的废水混合,经隔油池去除漂浮物;
2)初次混凝工段:初沉池中,在搅拌下依次将絮凝剂、助沉剂加入,静置2~3小时,使絮体沉降,沉淀的污泥经污泥泵送至污泥浓缩池;
3)初次酸解氧化工段:初次混凝沉降后的水体进入带搅拌的酸解氧化罐,加入稀硫酸,调节水体pH值在2.0~4.0之间,分批加入硫酸亚铁和30%的双氧水,水中Fe2+离子浓度控制在0.2~1g/L,30%的双氧水用量为10~30ml/L,反应2~4小时后,再加入絮凝剂和助沉剂;
4)二次混凝工段:初次酸解氧化后的水体进入二沉池,使絮体沉降,沉降的污泥也用污泥泵送至污泥浓缩池,清液泵入电化学氧化池;
5)电化学氧化工段:在电化学氧化池,用稀硫酸调节水体pH值在3.0~5.5之间,正极采用钛基二氧化铅或掺杂钛基二氧化铅做电极,负极采用金属钛网或石墨做电极,电流密度控制在10~50mA/cm2,停留时间为12~36小时;
6)二次酸解氧化工段:电化学氧化处理后的水泵入二次酸解池,再次加入稀硫酸并调节pH值在3.0~5.0之间,分批加入硫酸亚铁和30%的双氧水,水中Fe2+离子浓度控制在0.2~0.7g/L,30%的双氧水用量为5~20ml/L,反应1~3小时后,加入氢氧化钙调节水体pH至6.5~9.5;
7)压滤工段:二次酸解氧化处理后的水经板式压滤机过滤,脱除水体残留的细小悬浮物,清水达标排放,固体滤渣外运;
8)污泥脱水工段:污泥浓缩池的污泥经脱水装置脱水,液体返回初次酸解氧化工段进行处理,固体污泥外运。
2.根据权利要求1所述的处理工艺,其特征在于所述的絮凝剂为聚合氯化铝、聚合氯化铝铁、碱式氯化铝、硫酸亚铁、硫酸铝、聚合硫酸铁、聚丙烯酰胺中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的处理工艺,其特征在于所述的助沉剂为硅藻土、高岭土、活性白土中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的处理工艺,其特征在于所述的污泥脱水工段中的脱水装置为板式压滤机或卧式螺旋离心机。
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