CN107815073A - 石墨烯‑pet复合材料及其制备的太阳能电池背板 - Google Patents
石墨烯‑pet复合材料及其制备的太阳能电池背板 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种石墨烯‑PET复合材料及其制备的太阳能电池背板,该石墨烯‑PET复合材料包括以下质量分数的各组分:PET树脂65~80%;氧化石墨烯‑PET母料10~25%;抗氧剂0.1~3%;光稳定剂5~10%。制备氧化石墨烯‑PET复合材料步骤中,先使用氧化石墨烯粉体与粉状PET树脂通过特殊的螺杆结构排列制备氧化石墨烯‑PET母料,然后与其他组分混合熔融制备石墨烯‑PET复合材料。将所制的石墨烯‑PET复合材料与纯PET树脂配混进行三层共挤制备的太阳能背板具有优秀的抗紫外、耐磨、机械力学、电气绝缘、耐湿热、水汽透过率低等性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于复合材料技术领域,涉及一种石墨烯-PET复合材料及其制备的太阳能电池背板。
背景技术
太阳能电池背板,其作用在于为电池组件提供优异的耐紫外、耐老化、耐候性能和电气绝缘性能,对电池的使用寿命、输出功率、安全可靠性起到关键的作用。而决定背板质量的关键在于外侧保护层的特性,目前市场上使用的背板之中,外侧保护层大多使用氟涂层或氟薄膜,应用比较广泛的氟涂料主要有PTFE、FEVE两大类型,氟薄膜主要有PVF、PVDF两大类。传统的氟涂料片面追求高氟含量,因此忽略了背板的粘结性,因为氟含量越高粘结性能越差,导致组件使用过程中因背板起泡脱落影响使用寿命;而PVDF类氟薄膜的氟含量普遍偏低并且受制于生产工艺的限制,如美国杜邦Tedlar虽然具有优异的性能,但是价格高,另外含氟材料背板最终会对环境造成污染。此外,其他不含氟元素背板则抗紫外效果差,使用年限短。
PET塑料分子结构高度对称,具有一定的结晶取向能力,故而具有较高的成膜性。PET塑料具有很好的光学性能和耐候性,非晶态的PET塑料具有良好的光学透明性,另外PET塑料具有优良的耐磨耗摩擦性和尺寸稳定性及电绝缘性。但是在紫外光或湿热条件下,PET分子结构中的酯键易降解,影响PET制品使用寿命。
石墨烯是从石墨材料中剥离出来,由碳原子组成的只有一层原子厚度的二维晶体。氧化石墨烯是在石墨烯的表层进行共价键修饰,使其表面具有羧基、环氧基、羟基等含氧基团。通过石墨烯层面修饰,使得氧化石墨烯相比石墨烯更不易团聚,因此可以进行大规模工业生产。氧化石墨烯由于其独特的二维表面结构,使其具有优良的抗紫外效果,氧化石墨烯抗紫外原理是:在紫外短波长段(100-280nm),氧化石墨烯自身对紫外线反射的耦合效应吸收紫外短波长,由于氧化石墨烯类苯环结构,使其结构稳定性优于有机物抗紫外剂;在紫外长波长段(280-400nm),氧化石墨烯具有独特的平面二维结构,比表面积大,相比无机金属氧化物,其与紫外线接触面积大,进一步增加氧化石墨烯对紫外长波长的反射量。
现有技术中,石墨烯已广泛应用于复合材料中,但将其直接与PET共混制备复合材料,存在分散不均匀问题,其原因主要为石墨烯粉体的片状结构,导致其容易团聚,在添加量比较少的情况下,体系中会存在空白点,从而无法形成连续相,影响其性能的体现。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的提供一种石墨烯-PET复合材料及其制备的太阳能电池背板。通过制备石墨烯-PET复合材料,从而使得含种材料的太阳能电池背板具有优秀的抗紫外、耐磨、机械力学、电气绝缘、耐湿热、水汽透过率低等性能。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:
第一方面,本发明提供了一种石墨烯-PET复合材料,包括以下质量分数的各组分:
优选地,以氧化石墨烯-PET母料的总质量计,所述氧化石墨烯-PET母料包括以下质量分数的各组分:
PET树脂 89.7~98.9%;
氧化石墨烯 1~10%;
硅油 0.1~0.3%。
在氧化石墨烯-PET母料的制备中所用的氧化石墨烯粉体的粒径为微米级,由于在进行挤出共混时加料仓会有轻微的震动,导致微米级的氧化石墨烯粉体容易出现沉降现象,即加料仓底部出现氧化石墨烯粉体聚集,导致PET树脂与氧化石墨烯粉体在挤出机的进料口进料不均匀,进而影响其分散性。为解决该问题,在所述氧化石墨烯-PET母料中加入了硅油,由此制备母料时氧化石墨烯粉体不会发生沉降,从而分散性良好。且硅油的加入量不宜过多,过多则会导致树脂在挤出机机筒内出现打滑现象,进而影响氧化石墨烯在PET树脂中的分散效果。
优选地,所述氧化石墨烯-PET母料的制备方法包括以下步骤:
A1、采用Hummer方法制备氧化石墨烯粉体;
A2、将氧化石墨烯粉体与经过烘干处理的粉状PET树脂进行机械共混,共混时加入硅油,使氧化石墨烯粉体与粉状PET树脂预混合捏合;
A3、将经步骤A2处理后形成的石墨烯-PET预混合物经过双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,即得。
优选地,所述石墨烯粉体的粒径为10μm以下。
优选地,步骤A3中,所述双螺杆挤出机各区段温度设定为250~265℃;挤出机螺杆结构采用强剪切螺块排列;
例如螺块结构排列具体为:48×1 64×3 48×1 30°×1 45°×1 60°×1 90°×1L32×1/2×1 30°×1 45°×1 90°×1 L32×1/2×1 48×132×1 30°×1小45°×1 45°×1小90°×1 L32×1/2×1 48×132×1 30°×1 60°×1小45°×1 90°×1 L32×1/2×1 48×1 32×130°×1 45°×1 90°×1小90°×1 L32×1/2×1 48×1 32×145°×1 60°×1 90°×1 L32×1/2×1 64×2 48×1 32×6。(备注说明:上述螺块排列结构的表示形式为A×B,其中A代表螺块的规格,当A为32、48、64时,表示螺块为输送螺块,主要作用为推动输送物料,A表示为输送螺块的长度,单位为mm;当A为30°、45°、60°、90°、小45°、小90°时,表示螺块为剪切螺块,主要作用是对物料进行剪切共混,A表示为剪切螺块中相邻组件的夹角,夹角越大剪切越强,其中小45°、小90°表示剪切螺块的长度较45°、90°的要短;当A为L32×1/2时,表示螺块为方向输送螺块,主要作用是将物料挤出输送的方向进行180°的旋转,进一步提高共混效率,该种输送螺块长度为16mm。B表示对应规格的螺块在排列时的使用数量。)使用该反向螺块L32×1/2×1,该种螺块结构主要作用是增加物料在挤出方向的反流,从而增加物料在挤出机中的停留时间,为剪切混合元件发挥作用创造更多时间,从而使得氧化石墨烯可均匀的分散在熔融PET树脂中。
优选地,所述抗氧化剂为:抗氧剂1010,抗氧剂802,抗氧剂168,抗氧剂264中的一种或者几种。
优选地,所述光稳定剂为:光稳定剂944,光稳定剂622,光稳定剂531,光稳定剂770,光稳定剂783中的几种或一种。
第二方面,本发明提供了一种石墨烯-PET复合材料的制备方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
将氧化石墨烯-PET母料与PET树脂、抗氧剂、光稳定剂按照配比进行熔融共混,即得。
第三方面,本发明提供了一种石墨烯-PET基太阳能电池背板,包括PET树脂层和石墨烯-PET复合材料层,所述石墨烯-PET复合材料层设置在两层PET树脂层之间。
第四方面,本发明提供了一种石墨烯-PET基太阳能电池背板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将氧化石墨烯-PET复合材料A与纯PET树脂B分别进行熔融塑化,所得的熔体通过分配器进入三层共挤出机的模头,共挤出复合结构为ABA的三层复合薄膜,所制的复合薄膜再经过冷却、铸片、双向拉伸工艺,制得三层共挤薄膜,裁切即得所述太阳能电池背板。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下的有益效果:
本发明制备氧化石墨烯-PET复合材料步骤中,先使用氧化石墨烯粉体与粉状PET树脂通过特殊的螺杆结构排列制备氧化石墨烯-PET母料,其螺杆结构中采用多道反向块结构,增大PET熔体在挤出机机筒里的剪切力。再将所制的氧化石墨烯-PET母料与纯PET树脂配混进行三层共挤制备太阳能背板膜。该种材料的太阳能电池背板具有优秀的抗紫外、耐磨、机械力学、电气绝缘、耐湿热、水汽透过率低等性能。
附图说明
通过阅读参照以下附图对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述,本发明的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显:
图1为本发明制备的石墨烯-PET基太阳能电池背板的结构图;其中A为PET树脂层;B为石墨烯-PET复合材料层。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明,但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是,对本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进。这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
以下实施例中,所述抗氧化剂为:抗氧剂1010,抗氧剂802,抗氧剂168,抗氧剂264中的一种或者几种。
所述光稳定剂为:光稳定剂944,光稳定剂622,光稳定剂531,光稳定剂770,光稳定剂783中的几种或一种。
实施例1-4
本实施例1-4提供了一种石墨烯-PET复合材料,各组分及含量如表1所示。
表1
组分 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 |
PET | 70 | 65 | 75 | 80 |
氧化石墨烯-PET母料 | 22(S1) | 25(S2) | 14(S3) | 10(S2) |
抗氧剂 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0.1 |
光稳定剂 | 5 | 8 | 10 | 9.9 |
所述制备方法如下:
步骤一:制备氧化石墨烯:本发明中所用的氧化石墨烯是以石墨为原材料,利用Hummer法通过氧化还原或插层剥离的技术制备氧化石墨烯溶液,再经过真空干燥以及气流粉碎制备粒径在10μm以下的氧化石墨烯粉体。
步骤二:氧化石墨烯-PET母料S1~S6的制备:将步骤一中氧化石墨烯粉体与经过烘干处理的粉状PET树脂按比例进行机械共混,共混时加入质量分数为0.1-0.3%的硅油,使氧化石墨烯粉体与粉状PET树脂预混合捏合,最后将氧化石墨烯-PET预混合物经过双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,制得氧化石墨烯-PET母料,母料中氧化石墨烯的质量浓度为:1%-10%,挤出机各区段温度设定为250℃-265℃,挤出机螺杆结构采用强剪切螺块排列,通过设计与使用反向螺块使得氧化石墨烯均匀的分散在熔融PET树脂中。所述母料中各组分的质量百分含量如表2所示。
表2
S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S5 | S6 | |
氧化石墨烯粉体 | 1 | 5 | 10 | 7 | 1 | 10 |
PET树脂 | 98.9 | 94.8 | 89.7 | 92.8 | 99 | 89.5 |
硅油 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0 | 0.5 |
步骤三:将步骤二中的氧化石墨烯-PET母料与PET树脂、抗氧剂、光稳定剂按照配比进行熔融共混制备出石墨烯-PET复合材料。
对比例1
本对比例提供了一种石墨烯-PET复合材料,各组分及含量与实施例1相同,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一:制备氧化石墨烯:本发明中所用的氧化石墨烯是以石墨为原材料,利用Hummer法通过氧化还原或插层剥离的技术制备氧化石墨烯溶液,再经过真空干燥以及气流粉碎制备粒径在10μm以下的氧化石墨烯粉体。
步骤二:将步骤一制得的氧化石墨烯与PET树脂、抗氧剂、光稳定剂按照配比进行熔融共混制备出石墨烯-PET复合材料。
对比例2
本对比例提供了一种石墨烯-PET复合材料,各组分及含量与实施例1相同,所述制备方法与实施例1基本相同,不同之处仅在于:步骤二中,采用的双螺杆挤出机为常规的螺块结构,其结构排列参考如下:48×1 64×3 48×1 30°×1 45°×1 60°×1 48×1 45°×190°×1 60°×1 135°×1 64×1 48×1 32×1 30°×2 45°×1 90°×1 48×2 32×1 30°×1 45°×1 60°×1小45°×1 L32×1/2×1 64×1 48×1 32×1 30°×1 45°×1 60°×190°×1小45°×1 90°×1 64×2 48×1 32×7。其中反向螺块L32×1/2×1使用的少,螺块排列为普通共混结构。
对比例3
本对比例提供了一种石墨烯-PET复合材料,各组分及含量与实施例1基本相同,不同之处仅在于:本对比例中采用的氧化石墨烯-PET母料为S5。
对比例4
本对比例提供了一种石墨烯-PET复合材料,各组分及含量与实施例1基本相同,不同之处仅在于:本对比例中采用的氧化石墨烯-PET母料为S6。
实施例5
将实施例1-4和对比例1-4制备的石墨烯-PET复合材料(组分A)与纯PET树脂(纯PET树脂为B组分)分别进行熔融塑化,所得的熔体通过分配器进入三层共挤出机的模头,共挤出复合结构为ABA的三层复合薄膜,所制的复合薄膜再经过冷却、铸片、双向拉伸工艺,制得三层共挤薄膜,裁切所制薄膜即得石墨烯-PET基太阳能电池背板,其剖面图如图1所示。
将制得的石墨烯-PET基太阳能电池背板进行性能测试,结果如表3所示。
表3
备注:其中抗紫外性能检测样品的紫外处理方法按照IEC61215:2005中的10.10规定进行处理,抗紫外性能等级由GB/T31034-2014中规定进行判定;热收缩率、拉伸强度、体积电阻率耐湿热性、水汽透过率均按照GB/T31034-2014中规定进行,其中热收缩率的检测条件为150℃,30min,水汽透过率的检测方法为电解传感器法(38℃,90%R.H),耐湿热性处理条件为温度85℃,湿度85%。
从上述检测结果表可知,实施例1、2、3、4的热收缩率、拉伸强度、体积电阻率耐湿热性以及水汽透过率均符合标准GB/T31034-2014的要求,但是其抗紫外性能最优的为实施例3,其原因是实施例3中的母料添加量最适量,当石墨烯母料含量过多时,石墨烯-PET复合材料在加工时,石墨烯容易发生团聚,进而对其力学性能产生负面影响,降低石墨烯的抗紫外性能,如实施例1、2所示;当石墨烯母料添加量偏少时,由于石墨烯在复合材料中的量不足,导致石墨烯无法在复合材料中形成连续相,存在空白缺陷点,进而使得其抗紫外效果差,如实施例4所示;当采用一步法制备石墨烯-PET复合材料时,由于石墨烯作为粉体且添加量比较少,比较难以分散,制备的石墨烯-PET复合材料性能缺陷大,特别是对复合材料的力学性能影响尤为明显,导致其拉伸强度未达标(GB/T31034-2014规定复合型背板的拉伸强度不低于80MPa),如对比例1所示;而采用普通共混螺块排列结构进行石墨烯-PET复合材料的制备一样存在石墨烯分散困难,导致其性能差,如对比例2所示;当不添加硅油时,在挤出加工过程中,石墨烯容易出现沉降现象,进而使得其分散不均匀,对其力学性能起到负面影响,如对比例3所示;当添加硅油过多时,容易出现挤出机机筒内物料打滑现象,也会影响石墨烯的分散性,进而使得复合材料的力学性能下降,如对比例4所示。
本发明具体应用途径很多,以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式。应当指出,以上实施例仅用于说明本发明,而并不用于限制本发明的保护范围。对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进,这些改进也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种石墨烯-PET复合材料,其特征在于,包括以下质量分数的各组分:
2.根据权利要求1所述的石墨烯-PET复合材料,其特征在于,,以氧化石墨烯-PET母料的总质量计,所述氧化石墨烯-PET母料包括以下质量分数的各组分:
PET树脂 89.7~98.9%;
氧化石墨烯 1~10%;
硅油 0.1~0.3%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的石墨烯-PET复合材料,其特征在于,所述氧化石墨烯-PET母料的制备方法包括以下步骤:
A1、采用Hummer方法制备氧化石墨烯粉体;
A2、将氧化石墨烯粉体与经过烘干处理的粉状PET树脂进行机械共混,共混时加入硅油,使氧化石墨烯粉体与粉状PET树脂预混合捏合;
A3、将经步骤A2处理后形成的石墨烯-PET预混合物经过双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,即得。
4.根据权利要求3所述的石墨烯-PET复合材料,其特征在于,所述石墨烯粉体的粒径为10μm以下。
5.根据权利要求3所述的石墨烯-PET复合材料,其特征在于,步骤A3中,所述双螺杆挤出机各区段温度设定为250~265℃;挤出机螺杆结果采用强剪切螺块。
6.根据权利要求1所述的石墨烯-PET复合材料,其特征在于,所述抗氧化剂为:抗氧剂1010,抗氧剂802,抗氧剂168,抗氧剂264中的一种或者几种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的石墨烯-PET复合材料,其特征在于,所述光稳定剂为:光稳定剂944,光稳定剂622,光稳定剂531,光稳定剂770,光稳定剂783中的几种或一种。
8.一种根据权利要求1所述的石墨烯-PET复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括以下步骤:
将氧化石墨烯-PET母料与PET树脂、抗氧剂、光稳定剂按照配比进行熔融共混,即得。
9.一种石墨烯-PET基太阳能电池背板,其特征在于,包括PET树脂层和石墨烯-PET复合材料层,所述石墨烯-PET复合材料层设置在两层PET树脂层之间。
10.一种根据权利要求9所述的石墨烯-PET基太阳能电池背板的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
将氧化石墨烯-PET复合材料A与纯PET树脂B分别进行熔融塑化,所得的熔体通过分配器进入三层共挤出机的模头,共挤出复合结构为ABA的三层复合薄膜,所制的复合薄膜再经过冷却、铸片、双向拉伸工艺,制得三层共挤薄膜,裁切即得所述太阳能电池背板。
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